Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K15/06—Embedding prefabricated windings in machines
  • H02K15/062—Windings in slots; salient pole windings
  • H02K15/065—Windings consisting of complete sections, e.g. coils, waves
  • H02K15/067—Windings consisting of complete sections, e.g. coils, waves inserted in parallel to the axis of the slots or inter-polar channels
  • H02K15/068—Strippers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K15/06—Embedding prefabricated windings in machines

Definitions

• the invention proposes a device for mounting a winding and closing wedges in notches of a bundle of sheets of a rotating electrical machine.
• the invention more particularly proposes a device for mounting at least one winding and axial shims in axial notches of a bundle of sheets, each axial notch opens axially in the radial faces of the front and rear axial end of the a bundle of sheets and has a groove which opens into the internal cylindrical face of the bundle of sheets, of the type which comprises:
• a winding insertion block in the notches which is mounted to move coaxially with the sheet bundle from an initial rear position in which the insertion block is situated axially behind the rear face of the sheet bundle, and which is shaped so as to deform the winding to introduce a portion of the winding into each slot during its forward movement;
• the stator of a polyphase type rotating electrical machine such as a motor vehicle alternator, is produced by axially inserting one or more windings into an annular sheet package by the intermediate of an insertion block.
• the grooves of the notches are closed, or closed off, by axial closing wedges, to maintain the position in position of each part of the winding (s) in the associated notch.
• US-A-4,521,958 discloses such a device for mounting windings in the notches of the sheet package, which comprises a movable insertion block coaxially with the sheet package, and means for introducing the closing blocks in the associated notches.
• the wedge insertion means comprise an axial rod associated with each wedge which is adapted to axially push the wedge to introduce it into the associated notch.
• each rod is relatively reduced, while the length of the rod and the amplitude of the efforts of introduction of the wedges into the notches are important.
• each rod is likely to be subject to a buckling phenomenon during the axial thrust of the associated shim in the notch, which does not allow to obtain a precise axial positioning of each shim in the associated notch.
• the risk of buckling is limited when the sheet package has 3 notches per pole, that is to say a 36 notches for 12 poles or 48 notches for 1 6 poles.
• stator slots so that the package of plates has 6 slots per pole, or 72 notches for 12 poles or 96 notches for 1 6 poles.
• the increase in the number of notches involves an increase in the number of axial rods used to push all the holds, while the volume in which the axial rods evolve remains the same. Therefore, the increase in the number of notches involves a reduction in the section of each axial rod which is then subject to a greater risk of buckling.
• the object of the invention is to propose a device for producing such a stator for which the risk of deformation of the insertion means of the holding wedges is reduced.
• the invention proposes a device of the type described above, characterized in that the means for mounting the wedges in the associated notches are carried radially by the insertion block, so that each wedge is secured to the block insertion slid forward with respect to the sheet package.
• the insertion block is mounted to slide axially with respect to the sheet bundle from the initial rear position to at least one front position for which each part of the coil is introduced into the associated notch and for which each shim is in the assembled position;
• the associated notch the insertion block comprises a rear heel associated with each shim, which protrudes radially outwards with respect to an external cylindrical face of the insertion block, the radial front edge of the heel of which is able to bear axially forwardly against the trailing end edge of the associated shim to push the shim forwards when axial sliding back and forth of the insertion block relative to the sheet package;
• each heel is carried by a radial fin of the insertion block
• each fin extends in the median radial plane of a radial groove of the associated notch, so that the fin is able to slide axially in the associated groove during the axial sliding of the block relative to the sheet bundle;
• Each fin is movably mounted relative to the insertion block between a radially outer deployed position, wherein the leading edge of the heel is located radially to the right of the rear end edge of the associated shim, and a radially inner retracted position, wherein the heel is located radially recessed relative to the associated shim;
• each fin is mounted to slide radially relative to the insertion block
• the device comprises elastic means for returning the fins in retracted internal position
• the device comprises wing drive means which comprise a central pusher which is axially slidably mounted in the insertion block, and complementary sections formed in each fin;
• the pusher is movable axially in the insertion block between a rear position for which the fins are in the retracted internal position and a front position for which the fins are in the outer deployed position;
• the device comprises a rear drive shaft of the insertion block sliding axially relative to the package of plates, and the fins are driven in sliding radially relative to the insertion block via the drive shaft;
• the fins drive means sliding radially relative to the insertion block are shaped so that when the insertion block is driven in axial sliding forwardly relative to the sheet package, the fins are in position. externally deployed, and when the insertion block is driven in axial sliding backwards with respect to the sheet bundle, the fins are in retracted internal position;
• the device comprises means for loading the shims on the insertion block which are positioned axially below the sheet bundle;
• the means for loading the shims are positioned axially so that the wedges are loaded on the insertion block when it is in its initial rear position with respect to the sheet bundle;
• the means for loading the shims are positioned axially so that the shims are loaded on the insertion block when the insertion block is in an intermediate position situated in front of the initial rear position, in which the insertion block deformed the winding in part.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a device for mounting a winding in the notches of a package of sheets having three notches per pole;
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view from below of a sector of a stator for which a winding and shims are mounted in notches of a bundle of sheets having six notches per pole;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective representation of the insertion block according to the invention.
• FIG. 4A is an enlarged detail of the insertion block shown in Figure 3, showing the radial fins in the retracted position;
• Figure 4B is a view similar to that of Figure 4A, wherein the radial fins are in the deployed position;
• FIGS. 5A to 5F are schematic radial sectional representations of the device according to the invention showing various steps of mounting a portion of a winding and a closing wedge in the notch associated with the sheet package;
• FIG. 6 is a view in axial section of the insertion block equipped with the central pusher and the rear drive shaft of the insertion block;
• FIG. 7 is a view of a notch in FIG. 2;
• Figures 8 to 1 0 are views similar to Figure 7 with mounting holding wedges of different shapes.
• the direction of forward and backward direction will be adopted by way of non-limiting direction as being the axial direction from top to bottom with reference to FIG.
• FIG. 1 shows a device for mounting at least one winding 10 in a pack of sheets 14, here of shape annular, by the insertion of sections of the winding 1 0 into the axial slots 12 of the plate package 14.
• This bundle of plates 14 constitutes for example the body of a stator of a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator, such as a motor vehicle alternator, which in one embodiment can be reversible to form an alternator. starter for, in particular, starting a heat engine.
• This stator body is carried, in known manner, by a housing which also serves to support a shaft integral with a rotor, such as a claw rotor or a protruding pole rotor as described in WO 02/054566. .
• the stator surrounds the rotor.
• the alternator is in one embodiment cooled by air circulation as described for example in document FR A 2,855,672. In a variant, it is cooled by circulation of liquid, such as the coolant of the engine of the vehicle, its housing having a coolant circulation channel.
• the sheet package 14 consists of an axial stack of sheet metal plates which forms an annular element of main axis A (FIG. 5) comprising in particular a front radial face 14a, a rear radial face 14b (FIG. 2) and an inner annular face. 14i and notches 12 aligned.
• the notches 12 of the lamina 14 are angularly distributed around the main axis A of the laminations 14, and their total number is determined as a function of the number of poles of the stator obtained and as a function of the number of slots per pole.
• the bundle of plates 14 shown in FIG. 1 comprises twelve poles and three notches per pole, making a total of 36 notches, and the plate bundle 14 shown in FIG. 2 has six notches per pole, ie 72 notches in total. .
• stator In FIG. 1 the stator is therefore of the three-phase type and comprises three windings 10. In FIG. 2 the stator is therefore of the type hexaphase and has six coils. In both cases the claw rotor has 12 poles.
• the claw rotor contains more than 12 poles, for example 16 poles, the stator then comprising 96 notches.
• stator may alternatively be of the single-phase type and comprise a winding 10 or a number of windings greater than 3.
• each winding 1 0 comprising at least one winding per phase.
• Each notch 12 is of axial main orientation and it opens axially in the radial front end faces 14a ( Figure 1) and rear 14b ( Figure 2) of the plate package 14, and it has a groove 24 which opens radially into the internal annular face 14i of the laminations 14 delimiting the central bore, here cylindrical, of the laminations 14.
• This face 14i constitutes the inner periphery of this packet 14 and delimits, in a known manner, with the outer periphery of the rotor a gap .
• these notches 12 are of the semi-closed type, these notches having an opening of reduced width at the face 14i of the plate package 14 constituted by the groove 24, here generally radial orientation.
• These slots 12 thus have ( Figure 7) a bottom 121 opposite the groove 24 and connected to the circumferential edges 124, 125 defining the groove 24 by two lateral edges respectively 123, 124. These side edges 123, 124 are here parallel to each other. In a variant, these edges 123, 124 are not parallel.
• the pack of sheets 14 is here of annular form. As a variant, the outer periphery of this body has a shape other than cylindrical, so that the sheet package 14 does not necessarily have an annular shape. Similarly, the groove 24 may have a shape other than radial.
• notch insulators mounted in the notches have not been shown here, in particular to electrically isolate the winding 10 from the laminations 14.
• the winding 1 0 comprises an upper half phase 1 0s and a lower half phase 1 Oi, which each comprise a superposition of turns planes 1 6 identical in star.
• each half phase 1 0s, 1 Oi comprises inner lobes 1 8 and outer lobes 20 forming the branches of the star, which are interconnected by intermediate sections 22 .
• the winding January 0 is mounted on the sheet package 14 via an insertion block 26 which is shaped so as to cause a deformation of the lobes 18, 20 and intermediate sections 22 of the winding 1 0, introducing each intermediate section 22 inside the associated notch 12, crossing the associated radial groove 24, for example as described in document FR-A-2.846.481.
• insertion block 26 which is shaped so as to cause a deformation of the lobes 18, 20 and intermediate sections 22 of the winding 1 0, introducing each intermediate section 22 inside the associated notch 12, crossing the associated radial groove 24, for example as described in document FR-A-2.846.481.
• this Figure 1 we see in a manner not referenced the blades on which are mounted the half-phases. For more details please refer to this document.
• the width of the sections 22 of the winding 10 is therefore a function of the width of the groove 24.
• the inner lobes 1 8 form a front bun (not shown) which protrudes forward with respect to the front radial face 14a of the plate pack 14, and the outer lobes 20 form a rear bun 20a which protrudes axially rearwardly with respect to the rear radial face 14b of the laminations 14.
• the intermediate sections 22 of the coil 10 extend axially in the notches 12 of the sheet package.
• the winding 10 is held in mounted position on the sheet package 14 by means of holding wedges 28 which are mounted in the notches 12, subsequent to the assembly of the winding 10 on the sheet package 14.
• Each holding wedge 28 is of main orientation parallel to the axis A of the plate bundle 14, and it is received in an associated notch 12 so that it radially clamps the associated intermediate section 22 in the notch 12, and so that it closes the associated radial groove 24.
• each holding wedge is introduced via mounting means 38, 40 into the associated notch in an axial forward movement, through a rear opening 12a of the notch, at the level of which notch opens into the radial rear end face of the sheet package.
• Each shim 28 rests, inside a notch 12, on the circumferential edges 125, 125 delimiting the groove 24 ( Figure 8).
• the shims 28 are generally rectangular in shape and flat.
• the insertion block 26 is slidably mounted coaxially to the sheet package 14 from an initial rear position shown in FIG. 1 and in which the insertion block 26 is situated axially behind the rear end radial face 14b of the package. of plates 14 and behind the winding 1 0, to at least one front position for which each intermediate portion 22 of the winding 1 0 is introduced entirely into the associated notch 12 of the sheet package 14.
• the insertion block 26 which is also called “mushroom” comprises a cylindrical lower part 30 through which the insertion block is guided axially in the sheet package 14, and an upper part 32 which is shaped to cause the deformation of the winding 1 0 during the axial sliding of the insertion block 26 with respect to the sheet package 14.
• the upper portion 32 forms a nose having at its front end cut faces 34 and axial grooves 36 which are angularly distributed about the main axis A ( Figure 6) of the insertion block 26.
• the cut edges 34 and the grooves 36 are shaped so as to cooperate with the inner lobes 1 8 and with the intermediate sections 22 of the winding 10 to cause the deformation of the winding 10 according to a predefined mode of deformation during axial sliding of the block.
• the main axis A of the block 26 coincides with the main axis A of the sheet package 14, as can be seen for example in FIGS.
• the outer annular face 30e of the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26 is generally complementary to the inner annular face 14i of the sheet package 14, which makes it possible to keep the insertion block 26 coaxial with the sheet package 14 during its axial sliding.
• the lower part 30 of the insertion block comprises according to a characteristic a series of radial fins 38 which project radially relative to the outer annular face 30e of the block.
• Each fin 38 extends in an axial plane with respect to the main axis A of the insertion block.
• the fins 38 are angularly arranged around the main axis A of the insertion block 26 so that each fin 38 is received in a groove 24 of the plate pack 14.
• the width of each fin 38 therefore depends on the width of the groove 24 so that the fin can penetrate into its groove 24 associated.
• each fin 38 extends in a median axial plane of the associated groove 24 and the fin 38 is able to slide axially in the associated groove 24 of the lamina 14 during axial sliding of the insertion block 26 with respect to the lamina 14.
• the radial fins 38 prevent the insertion block 26 from pivoting about its main axis A when they are introduced into the reduced width openings of the notches 12 constituted by the grooves 24, which makes it possible to maintain the angular position around the main axis A of cut edges 34 and grooves 36 with respect to the plate package 14 and with respect to the winding 10.
• Each shim 28 is forced into the associated notch 12, in an axial movement back and forth through the rear opening 12a of the notch 12, at which the notch 12 opens into the radial face.
• the means for mounting the wedges 28 in the notches 12 are carried radially by the insertion block 26. These means comprise the radial fins 38 and heels 40, which are retractable and therefore mobile.
• the wedges 28 are placed on the outer periphery of the fins 38.
• closing wedges 28 are integral with the insertion block 26 in axial sliding relative to the sheet package 14.
• the insertion block 26 comprises a rear bead 40 which projects radially with respect to the outer annular face 30e of the lower part 30 of the insertion block, so that the radial edge before 40a of the heel 40 is located radially at least partly to the right of a notch 12.
• This radial edge before 40a of the heel 40 is adapted to bear axially forwardly against the rear axial end edge 28a ( Figure 2) of a shim 28 to axially push the shim 28 forward in the associated notch 12, during the axial sliding of the insertion block 26 with respect to the sheet package 14.
• each heel 40 is carried by a radial fin 38 of the insertion block 26 and extends in the axial plane of the associated radial fin 38. This heel 40 extends radially relative to the radial fin 38 associated so that the heel 40 projects radially outwardly relative to the axial outer end radial edge of the fin 38 associated.
• the heel 40 is made integrally with the radial fin 38 associated by cutting a metal plate.
• the axial length of the heel 40 is relatively small, compared with the axial distance traveled by the heel 40 for the introduction of the associated shim 28 into the notch 12.
• the heel 40 is capable of deforming axially only in a limited manner, which allows to obtain a relatively accurate axial positioning of the shim 28 in the notch 12 associated.
• the radial fins 38 and the heels 40 are mounted radially movable relative to the insertion block 26 between an extended position shown in FIG. 4B, wherein the radial front edge 40a of the heel 40 is located radially to the right of the rear end edge 28a of the associated shim 28, and a folded position shown in Figure 4A, in which the front axial face 40a of the heel 40 is located radially recessed relative to the associated shim 28.
• the radial fins 38 are mounted to slide radially relative to the insertion block 26 between the folded radial position shown in FIG. 4A, and the deployed position shown in FIG. 4B.
• FIG. 4A the radial fins 38 are mounted to slide radially relative to the insertion block 26 between the folded radial position shown in FIG. 4A, and the deployed position shown in FIG. 4B.
• the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26 comprises a central pusher 1 00 which is mounted axially movable inside the lower part 30 of the insertion block, and each fin 38 has a portion, which bears against the central pusher so that the radial position of each fin 38 relative to the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26 is defined according to the axial position of the pusher 100 in the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26.
• the pusher is of conical shape coaxial with the axis A of the insertion block 26 and each fin 38 comprises an inclined face 381 complementary to the pusher and which rests radially on the conical pusher 1 00.
• the conical portion of the pusher 100 and the associated inclined faces 381 of the fins 38 are formed so that the pusher 100 is mounted axially movable in the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26 between a rear position for which the fins 38 are in position radial folded and a front position for which the fins 38 are in the deployed radial position.
• the drive means of the fins 38 further comprise a drive member of the pusher in axial displacement relative to the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26, which consists for example of a rear shaft 101, which is integral with the pusher 1 00 and which is therefore mounted axially movable with respect to the insertion block 26.
• the rear shaft and the drive means of the fins 38 are shaped so that the rear shaft also carries the axial drive of the insertion block 26 in axial sliding relative to the sheet package.
• the pusher when the rear shaft drives the insertion block 26 sliding from the rear to the front, the pusher is in its extreme forward position with respect to the lower part. 30 of the insertion block 26, the fins are then in the extended radial position, and when the rear shaft drives the insertion block 26 from the front to the rear, the pusher is in its extreme rear position relative to the lower portion 30 of the insertion block 26, and the fins 38 are in the folded radial position.
• the invention is not limited to this embodiment and that the drive means of the fins 38 radially sliding relative to the lower part 30 of the insertion block 26 may be independent of the means driving the insertion block 26 in axial sliding relative to the sheet package 14, without departing from the scope of the invention.
• the drive means of the fins 38 comprise (FIG. 6) elastic return means 382 of the fins towards the retracted internal position or towards the deployed external position.
• the insertion block comprises axial slots 383 for the guide housing of the fins 38 mounted radially movable in the slots against the restoring force exerted by the resilient means 382 here consisting of two annular springs 382. .
• Each spring 382 is mounted in a blind cavity of annular shape (not referenced) arranged at one of the axial ends of the fin 38. These cavities are closed by walls delimiting the axial ends of the slots 383.
• each fin 38 has a change in diameter for forming a shoulder 384 for retaining the fin 38.
• FIGS. 5A to 5F show various stages of assembly of the winding 1 0 and of a shim 28 in a notch 12 of the laminations 14.
• reference will be made to a single notch 12, and to the shim 28, the fin 38, and the heel 40 associated therewith. It will be understood that this description applies identically to the other notches 12, wedges 28, fins 38 and heels 40 of the device.
• FIG. 5A shows the initial position of the winding 1 0, the sheet package 14, the insertion block 26 and the shim 28, as shown in FIG. 1.
• the winding 10 is in the form of a generally planar star, and the insertion block 26 is situated axially behind the rear end radial face 14b of the sheet package 14.
• the fin 38 at the notch 12 is radially deployed with respect to the insertion block 26 and the wedge 28 is positioned radially at the right of the notch and at the right of the heel 40 of the fin 38.
• the shim 28 is furthermore positioned axially behind the pack of sheets 14.
• the winding 1 0 and the laminations 10 are positioned on a support (not represented) so that they are arranged coaxially with the insertion block 26.
• the closing wedge 28, here of rectangular flat shape is mounted on the insertion block 26. More precisely it is placed on the outer periphery of the fin 38 concerned constituted by the axial edge outer 38a of the fin 38, the heel 40 extending radially projecting from the fin 38 of a value here generally equal to the thickness of the wedge 28.
• the fin 38 and the heel 40 are in position deployed thanks to the pusher.
• the closing wedge 28 When it is in the mounted position on the insertion block 26, the closing wedge 28 is thus bearing axially backwards against the radial front edge 40a of the heel 40, and it bears radially inwardly against the outer axial edge of the fin 38.
• the insertion block 26 is in an intermediate axial sliding position with respect to the sheet package 14, in which it partially deforms the winding 10, as schematically represented by FIG. inclined features.
• the heel 40 of the fin 38 via its front radial edge 40a, pushes the closing wedge 28 forwardly sliding, integrally with the insertion block 26, that is, that is to say simultaneously with the axial sliding of the insertion block 26 with respect to the sheet package 14.
• the insertion block 26 is in a forward position with respect to the plate pack 14 for which the whole of the winding 10 is deformed so that the intermediate section 22 of the winding 10 is housed in the associated notch 12.
• the closing wedge 28 is also in the mounted position in the associated notch for which it holds the intermediate portion 22 of the winding 1 0 in the notch 12.
• the fin 38 is again moved radially towards its deployed position for which a new wedge 28 intended to be mounted in the notch 12 of another package of sheets 14 is mounted on the insertion block 26.
• the insertion block 26 and the heel 40 of each fin 38 are shaped so that when the insertion block 26 is in its forward position shown in FIG. 5C, the front radial edge 40a of the heel 40 is positioned axially so that the closing wedge 28 is in the mounted position in the notch 12 associated.
• the radial front edge 40a of the heel 40 is positioned axially with respect to the insertion block 26 so that, subsequent to the mounting of the closing wedge 28 in the associated notch 12, the insertion block is capable of sliding axially forwardly relative to the sheet package 14, beyond the front position shown in Figure 5D.
• the fin 38 is in retracted position during the forward sliding of the insertion block 26 relative to the sheet package 14 after the mounting of the closing wedge 28, so that the heel 40 is not does not support the wedge 28 and drives it forward of its position mounted in the notch 12 associated.
• the loading means of the shim 38 are positioned axially with respect to the sheet package 14 so that the shim 28 is loaded on the insertion block 26 when the block of insertion 26 is in the initial rear position shown in Figures 5A, 5E and 5F.
• the invention is not limited to this embodiment, and that the loading means can be arranged axially in front of this initial rear position of the insertion block 26.
• the loading means are arranged axially with respect to the sheet package 14 so that the shim 28 is loaded on the insertion block 26 when the insertion block 26 is in an intermediate position.
• insertion device such as that shown in Figure 5B located axially in front of the initial rear position, and wherein the insertion block has partially deformed the winding 1 0.
• the wedges 28 rest on the frustoconical outer periphery of the edges 124, 125, a rounded zone (not referenced) connecting the edges 123, 124 and 122, 124 between them, which facilitates the assembly of the wedges.
• the radially movable mounting means 38, 40 taking advantage of the grooves 24.
• These means 38, 40 are configured to penetrate and slide in the grooves 24.
• the shims can have a T-shape as visible at 281 in FIG. 9.
• These shims alternatively have a tubular shape as visible at 282 in FIG. 10 or a U-shape as visible at 283 and 284 in FIG.
• the package of plates 14 may alternatively consist of the body of a rotor of a current generator of an electromagnetic retarder, for example of the type described in document FR A 1 467 310, the rotor surrounding the stator as visible in the left part of Figure 2 of this document.
• the rotating electrical machine is not necessarily an alternator or an alternator-starter.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
• Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-05-31 FR FR0551441A patent/FR2886483B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-05-16 KR KR1020077027847A patent/KR101256253B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2006-05-16 WO PCT/FR2006/050449 patent/WO2007000533A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2006-05-16 CN CN2006800167431A patent/CN101176251B/zh active Active
  • 2006-05-16 JP JP2008514159A patent/JP2008543265A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-05-16 EP EP06794434A patent/EP1886398A2/de not_active Ceased

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