EP1885662A1 - Produit d'alumine frittee transparent au rayonnement infrarouge - Google Patents
Produit d'alumine frittee transparent au rayonnement infrarougeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1885662A1 EP1885662A1 EP06764650A EP06764650A EP1885662A1 EP 1885662 A1 EP1885662 A1 EP 1885662A1 EP 06764650 A EP06764650 A EP 06764650A EP 06764650 A EP06764650 A EP 06764650A EP 1885662 A1 EP1885662 A1 EP 1885662A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- grains
- product according
- temperature
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009768 microwave sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004621 scanning probe microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/115—Translucent or transparent products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
- C04B35/6266—Humidity controlled drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/786—Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- Sintered alumina product transparent to infrared radiation
- the present invention relates to a new product resistant and transparent to infrared radiation, in particular for manufacturing temperature viewing windows or missile domes, and a method of manufacturing such a product.
- polycrystalline magnesium fluoride is particularly known. This material, however, can not be used in many applications because of its poor mechanical properties (static mechanical properties, rain erosion, abrasion resistance).
- Sapphire a monocrystalline material, which offers both a transparency in the infrared and good mechanical properties. Its cost is however prohibitive.
- WO2004 / 007398 proposes polycrystalline alumina comprising zirconium oxide. This material is described as transparent in the visible range.
- EP 01 053 983 discloses polycrystalline ceramics based on alumina having crystalline particles whose size is between 0.3 and 0.7 microns.
- the raw products described in EP 01 053 983 are obtained by atomization and pressing.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that such a method does not make it possible to obtain a density greater than 99.95% of the theoretical density of alumina.
- the inventors also consider that the infrared radiation transparency of the products described in EP 01 05 983 is limited. It will be observed that although EP1 053 983 describes products having a theoretical density of 100.0%, this density was measured by the conventional method of Archimedes thrust in water defined by JIS R 1634, the measurements being rounded according to JIS Z 8401. Given the measurement errors and the rounding applied to these measurements, a measured density of 100% does not mean that the density is actually greater than 99.95%.
- US 2003/0125189 discloses a sintered alumina product obtained from an alumina powder with a purity greater than 99.99%.
- This product rather intended for dental applications, has a transparency measured in the wet state ("wet transmittance"), and therefore under favorable conditions.
- the measuring device used, and in particular that of the lighting does not make it possible to measure an on-line transmittance, but only a total transmittance, the sum of the on-line transmittance (RIT) and the diffuse transmittance.
- the total transmittance measurements are therefore always greater than or equal to the RIT measurements, regardless of the wavelength considered.
- the three-point bending strength is also lower than that of the products of the present invention.
- the density measurements described are imprecise and can not justify a density greater than 99.95%.
- this object is achieved by means of a sintered alumina product comprising, in percentage by weight, more than 99.95% of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) alpha, the size of the alumina grains being between 0.2 and 1.5 ⁇ m, and having a density greater than 99.95% of the theoretical density of alumina (3.976 grams per cubic centimeter)
- the product according to the invention advantageously has a high mechanical strength and a very good transparency to infrared radiation.
- the size of the alumina grains is greater than 0.3 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than 0.45 ⁇ m and / or less than 1.0 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 0.75 ⁇ m.
- the microstructure of the product according to the invention has a surface density Fv of coarse grains, that is to say having a diameter greater than twice the average diameter of the other grains, less than 4% by surface, preferably less than 2% by surface.
- the product according to the invention does not comprise grains having a diameter greater than twice the average diameter of the other grains. In the rest of the description, these grains are called "coarse grains”.
- this characteristic gives the product a transparency to infrared radiation and mechanical performance, particularly in bending, remarkable.
- the product according to the invention thus has a three-point bending strength at 20 ° C. greater than 650 MPa, preferably greater than 750 MPa.
- the method used to measure this resistance in three-point bending is described in the following description.
- the product according to the invention thus has an on-line transmittance, measured on a sample of thickness 1 mm, greater than 75%, more preferably greater than 80% for wavelengths of incident radiation between 2.5 and 4.5 ⁇ m,
- a density greater than 99.95% of the theoretical density of alumina can be obtained by the implementation of a manufacturing method according to the invention comprising the following successive steps: a) preparation of a slip from an alumina powder whose size (average diameter, measured by X-ray sedigraphy and / or X-ray diffraction) of the elementary particles is between 0.02 and 0.5 ⁇ m, b) casting of the slip in a porous mold then drying and demolding so as to obtain a green part, c) drying of the demolded green part, d) debinding at a temperature between 350 and 500 0 C, e) sintering at a temperature of between 1100 and 1350 ° C.
- HIP hot isostatic compression
- the inventors have discovered that a pouring of a slurry makes it possible to give the product a density greater than 99.95% of the theoretical density of alumina and that this very high density improves the transparency to infrared radiation.
- the method according to the invention comprises one or more of the following optional features:
- the aggregates of the slip consist of elementary grains having a mean diameter of between 0.15 and 0.25 ⁇ m, preferably of 0.2 ⁇ m. the mold is dried before pouring the slip;
- step b) the temperature throughout step b) is between 20 and 25 ° C .
- the pressure of the slip inside the mold is between 1 and 1.5 bar;
- the humidity of the environment of the mold is maintained between 45 and 55%, preferably between 48 and 52%, throughout step b);
- the hot isostatic pressing is carried out at a temperature below the sintering temperature; preferably, the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing is 20 to 100 ° C. lower than the sintering temperature.
- the inventors have found that performing hot isostatic pressing at a temperature below the sintering temperature decreases the coarse grain density Fv. Thanks to this feature, the microstructure of the product according to the invention may comprise less than 4% of coarse grain surface (Fv), and even substantially not comprise coarse grains. This results in improved in-line transmittance and remarkable flexural strength.
- the dispersion in the slip of the grains of the alumina powder is improved by the addition of beads.
- the alumina content of these beads also called “grinding balls”, is greater than 99.5% vol. This feature limits the number of coarse grains, and thus further improves the on-line transmittance and bending strength of the product obtained. These beads are removed from the slip before forming the slip.
- the invention also relates to the use of a product obtained by a method according to the invention, or more generally a product according to the invention as a temperature sighting window or missile dome.
- a product obtained by a method according to the invention or more generally a product according to the invention as a temperature sighting window or missile dome.
- the in-line transmittance and the remarkable flexural strength of the product according to the invention make it particularly suitable for these applications.
- the invention finally relates to a method for preparing a slurry comprising an alumina powder suspended in a liquid, beads being set in motion within said liquid to facilitate said suspension. This process is remarkable in that the alumina content of these beads is greater than 99.5% vol.
- this process is carried out as part of step a) of a manufacturing method according to the invention, so as to produce a sintered alumina product according to the invention.
- this results in a limited number of large grains in the product obtained.
- FIG. 1 represents curves illustrating measurements of the on-line transmittance (RIT) of different products depending on the wavelength of the incident radiation
- FIG. 2 represents curves illustrating calculations of the reflectance of different products as a function of the size of the grains, for different values of the wavelength of the incident radiation
- FIG. 3 represents curves illustrating measurements of the on-line transmittance (RIT) of the products object of the examples described below as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation.
- a slip is prepared from an alumina powder.
- the term "slip” means a substance formed by a suspension of particles in a liquid, usually water or an organic solvent (alcohol for example), with or without additives such as dispersants, deflocculants, polymers, etc.
- the slip has a temporary binder, i.e. removed from the product during sintering.
- an "alumina slip” is a slurry consisting of a suspension of an alumina powder. Unless otherwise indicated, the term “slip” is used herein to refer to a slurry of alumina.
- the purity of the alumina powder is determined in a manner known per se so that the final sintered alumina product obtained by the process according to the invention comprises, in percentages by weight, more than 99.95% of Al 2 O 3. . Typically, the purity of the powder used is greater than 99.97% by volume.
- the size of the alumina grains of the final product depends, in known manner, on the particle size of the alumina powder used in step a).
- the particle size (average diameter) of the powder used is chosen between 0.02 and 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the powder used is chosen so that the size of the alumina grains of the final product is greater than 0.3 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than 0.45 ⁇ m and / or less than 1, 0 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 0.75 ⁇ m.
- the slip may be manufactured in a container according to techniques known to those skilled in the art by mixing and homogenizing the alumina powder and the desired amount of liquid.
- the slip has more than 60% solids. More preferably, the container containing the slip can be placed, temporarily, under a depression preferably greater than 0.5 bar to best eliminate residual air bubbles of the slip.
- the mold is dried beforehand.
- the setting time during drying step b) is reduced.
- the temperature during the pouring and forming operations of the preform is preferably maintained between 20 and 25 ° C.
- At least one porous wall of the mold absorbs, at least in part, the liquid of the slip.
- the complete filling of the mold and evacuation can be promoted by pressurizing the interior of the mold, for example by the use of a feed column height adapted to the geometry of the room.
- the pressure of the slip inside the mold is between 1 and 1.5 bar.
- the density of the green part is thus increased and / or this makes the shaping of parts with a thickness greater than 3 millimeters possible.
- the hygrometry of the air surrounding the mold is maintained between 45 and 55%, preferably between 48 and 52%, throughout the step b).
- the drying time is thus controlled.
- the alumina particles are immobilized relative to one another. This immobilization is called "taking the preform". The residual porosity between the immobilized particles, however, allows the passage through the liquid.
- Complementary slip is preferably introduced into the mold as the liquid is absorbed.
- a part of the volume left vacant by the liquid is thus filled with particles of alumina of the complementary slip.
- the mold After the humidity of the piece in the mold has become less than 2%, it is considered that it has undergone sufficient drying to ensure its integrity and the maintenance of its geometry during handling after demolding.
- the mold then contains a "preform" and stops feeding any additional slip.
- the preform is then demolded to obtain a green or "raw” part.
- step c) the green part undergoes additional drying, for example by storage in an oven at controlled temperature and humidity, according to conventional methods.
- step d) the dried green part undergoes debinding, preferably under air, at a temperature of between 350 and 500 ° C.
- Debinding is an operation known per se for removing organic products from the green part.
- step e) the dried and unbound green part, or "blank", is sintered, that is to say densified and consolidated by a heat treatment.
- the blank is placed in a medium, preferably air, the temperature of which varies with time according to a predetermined cycle.
- the heat treatment comprises a phase of raising the temperature of the environment surrounding the part, then a temperature maintenance phase or "sintering stage" at a temperature between 1100 and 135O 0 C, then finally a phase of descent of the temperature .
- the sintering can be carried out in a conventional oven or by SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) or MWS (MicroWave Sintering).
- the duration of the sintering stage is preferably between 0.25 and 20 hours.
- the rates of rise / fall in temperature are between 50 and 150 ° C / hour.
- SPS or MWS sintering they are between 20 and 100 ° C / minute.
- the sintering causes a volume shrinkage, and therefore a densification of the piece. It is possible to obtain a density after sintering greater than or equal to 92% of the theoretical density of alumina. This limit is considered by those skilled in the art as necessary to obtain, after the following step f) (HIP) a density greater than 99.95% of the theoretical density of alumina.
- step f) the sintered part resulting from the sintering of the blank undergoes, after cooling, a post-heat treatment under pressure called "HIP" (of the English “Hot Isostatic Pressing", that is to say ie pressing, or “compression”, hot isostatic), preferably under a neutral gas (argon for example).
- HIP a post-heat treatment under pressure
- argon a neutral gas
- Hot isostatic compression is performed in an enclosure whose temperature is between 950 and 1300 0 C under a pressure of between 1000 and 3000 bar.
- the temperature within the chamber is preferably lower than the sintering temperature. More preferably, the temperature in the chamber is 20 to 100 ° C. lower than the sintering temperature.
- the hot isostatic compression (HIP) operation makes it possible to further increase the density of the parts by eliminating the residual porosity possibly present after sintering, and to close some structural defects (micro-cracks), thereby improving the mechanical strength of the parts in question. ceramic.
- a sintered alumina product according to the invention comprising, in percentages by weight, more than 99.95% of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), the size of the grains of alumina being between 0.2 and 1.5 ⁇ m, and having a density greater than 99.95% of the theoretical density of alumina.
- Samples are prepared according to a method according to the invention as follows.
- a slurry in the form of a suspension of 65% dry matter is prepared by mixing in a jar mill a dispersant, an organic binder and alumina powder with a purity higher than 99.97% and whose median diameter of aggregates d50 is 10 ⁇ m, consisting of elementary grains having a d50 of
- the grinding balls, used to improve the suspension of the alumina powder are of 99 vol% alumina (products of Examples 1, 2 and comparative example).
- the alumina content of the grinding balls is greater than 99.5% vol (product of Example 3)
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture transparent products in the infrared without adding dopant such as magnesium oxide.
- the inventors have found that the infrared radiation transparency and the mechanical performance of the product according to the invention are improved when its microstructure comprises a surface density of coarse grains Fv of less than 4% by area of "coarse grains", preferably less than at
- this microstructure does not comprise coarse grains, a coarse grain being a grain having a diameter greater than twice the mean diameter of the other grains (analysis carried out on images obtained by scanning microscopy).
- the slip thus prepared is deaerated and poured into a plaster mold previously steamed for 48 hours at 50 ° C. During casting and maintaining in the mold, the temperature is maintained at 23 ° C., the ambient air being at atmospheric pressure and having a hygrometry of 50%.
- the green part After a first drying in the mold, followed by demoulding, the green part undergoes a complementary drying and debinding under air for 3 hours at 480 ° C., and is then left standing at ambient temperature and pressure conditions for 2 days.
- the blank obtained is then sintered in air at 1250 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the sintered part finally undergoes hot isostatic compression (HIP).
- HIP hot isostatic compression
- Infrared radiation can be transmitted, reflected or broadcast.
- a material is said to be “transparent” to infrared radiation when it is capable of transmitting this radiation online, that is to say that it has a high transmittance (RIT 1 or, in English “Real in One Transmittance”).
- RIT 1 transmittance
- the reflection is also calculated, according to the size of the grains, for different wavelengths of the infrared.
- the size of the grains was measured by a Mean Linear Intercept method, based on the analysis of images obtained by scanning microscopy from fracture facies. A method of this type is described in the American Linear Intercept Method (ASTM): NPA 04102. The results obtained by this method have been multiplied by a correction factor equal to 1, 2 to take into account the three-dimensional aspect.
- ASTM American Linear Intercept Method
- the method used to measure the density of large grains Fv is as follows: A cut of the product is polished until a polishing quality mirror. After polishing, thermal etching at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C below the sintering temperature for 0.5 hours is performed. A photograph, of total area AT, is then taken by Electron Microscopy at
- the "bulk density" of large grains Fv is the ratio of the total gross grain area AGG divided by the total area AT, multiplied by 100.
- the mechanical strength of the sintered parts according to the invention is measured in three-point bending on specimens of dimensions 40 mm * 4 mm * 3 mm, with a distance between supports equal to 20 mm and a crosshead speed equal to 0.5 mm. / min.
- the curves in FIG. 1 show that to have a RIT greater than 70%, a grain size of less than 1.5 ⁇ m is required.
- the following table 1 provides the results of the measurement tests, in particular for measuring the 3-point bending strength.
- the invention thus provides a very dense and very homogeneous product, which disturbs only very little the passage of infrared radiation.
- this product resistant and transparent in the infrared, is of a reduced cost.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0505308A FR2886289B1 (fr) | 2005-05-26 | 2005-05-26 | Produit d'alumine frittee transparent au rayonnement infrarouge |
| PCT/FR2006/001153 WO2006125900A1 (fr) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-05-19 | Produit d'alumine frittee transparent au rayonnement infrarouge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1885662A1 true EP1885662A1 (fr) | 2008-02-13 |
Family
ID=35457020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06764650A Withdrawn EP1885662A1 (fr) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-05-19 | Produit d'alumine frittee transparent au rayonnement infrarouge |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090220787A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1885662A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2886289B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006125900A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2917404B1 (fr) | 2007-06-15 | 2009-09-04 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit fritte de structure cubique. |
| ES2317794B1 (es) * | 2007-10-15 | 2010-02-16 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Procedimiento de dopaje para la sinterizacion de alfa-alumina y material de alfa-alumina policristalina. |
| JP5081332B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-11-28 | 西村陶業株式会社 | 熱放射部材用セラミックスの製造方法、熱放射部材用セラミックス、該セラミックスを用いてなる太陽電池モジュールおよびled発光モジュール |
| US9434651B2 (en) | 2012-05-26 | 2016-09-06 | James R. Glidewell Dental Ceramics, Inc. | Method of fabricating high light transmission zirconia blanks for milling into natural appearance dental appliances |
| US9287106B1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2016-03-15 | Corning Incorporated | Translucent alumina filaments and tape cast methods for making |
| US11731312B2 (en) | 2020-01-29 | 2023-08-22 | James R. Glidewell Dental Ceramics, Inc. | Casting apparatus, cast zirconia ceramic bodies and methods for making the same |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4285732A (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1981-08-25 | General Electric Company | Alumina ceramic |
| CA2308933C (fr) * | 1999-05-19 | 2008-07-22 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Ceramique polycristalline translucide et methode de fabrication |
| US6812441B2 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2004-11-02 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for the preparation of transparent alumina ceramics by microwave sintering |
| US6878456B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Polycrystalline translucent alumina-based ceramic material, uses, and methods |
| EP1521729B1 (fr) | 2002-07-10 | 2015-09-16 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Oxyde d'aluminium polycristallin transparent |
-
2005
- 2005-05-26 FR FR0505308A patent/FR2886289B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-19 EP EP06764650A patent/EP1885662A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-19 WO PCT/FR2006/001153 patent/WO2006125900A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-05-19 US US11/915,416 patent/US20090220787A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006125900A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20090220787A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| FR2886289B1 (fr) | 2008-05-09 |
| FR2886289A1 (fr) | 2006-12-01 |
| WO2006125900A1 (fr) | 2006-11-30 |
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