EP1879085B1 - Hemmung - Google Patents

Hemmung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1879085B1
EP1879085B1 EP06117272.2A EP06117272A EP1879085B1 EP 1879085 B1 EP1879085 B1 EP 1879085B1 EP 06117272 A EP06117272 A EP 06117272A EP 1879085 B1 EP1879085 B1 EP 1879085B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
wheel
balance
escapement
cooperate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06117272.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1879085A1 (de
Inventor
Ludwig Oechslin
Lucas Humair
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
Original Assignee
Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA filed Critical Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
Priority to EP06117272.2A priority Critical patent/EP1879085B1/de
Publication of EP1879085A1 publication Critical patent/EP1879085A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1879085B1 publication Critical patent/EP1879085B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mechanical watchmaking. It relates, more particularly, a free exhaust for equipping a timepiece provided with a mechanical movement comprising a sprung balance resonator.
  • Some free escapement mechanisms include an escape wheel, a pendulum and an anchor interacting together so that energy from a power source such as a cylinder in the case of a movement of conventional watch, is transmitted from the wheel to the pendulum, to maintain the oscillatory movement of the latter.
  • EP 0018796 Another exhaust of this type is described in the European patent EP 0018796 . It comprises a plate secured to a balance wheel, an escape wheel and an anchor. Unlike the Swiss lever escapement, the wheel cooperates with both the anchor and the deck. More precisely, during a first alternation, the wheel gives a pulse directly to the pendulum, while during a second alternation, the impulse is given to the pendulum by the anchor.
  • the escape wheel used in this mechanism is double. It has first and second teeth located at a first and a second level, on a first and a second wheel of different diameter.
  • the first toothing cooperates with the balance and with the anchor, while the second toothing cooperates with the anchor only.
  • the structure of the escape wheel makes it relatively heavy and therefore has a large inertia, which is not optimal for the operation of the exhaust.
  • the escape wheel has only one toothing.
  • the anchor is then provided with a second arm including a conventional fork to cooperate with the peg pin which is located at a second level.
  • the present invention aims to provide an exhaust which, while taking up the advantages of the exhaust described in the aforementioned patent, avoids the disadvantages.
  • the escape wheel comprises a single toothing to cooperate with the balance and the anchor.
  • the anchor is compact and supports directly on said body all of said surfaces, the anchor does not have arms carrying an element intended to cooperate with the balance or with the escape wheel, and each of the teeth of the escape wheel has a pulling surface and at least one blocking surface.
  • the first and second extreme positions of said anchor are defined by the simultaneous cooperation of a pulling surface and a locking surface of the escape wheel with said first surfaces of the anchor.
  • the pulling surface and the blocking surface of the same tooth are arranged to cooperate simultaneously with the anchor so as to define a first of its extreme positions.
  • the drawing surface of a first tooth and the locking surface of a second tooth consecutive to the first tooth can be arranged to co-operate simultaneously with the anchor so as to define a second of its extreme positions.
  • the first extreme position of the anchor is defined by the second bearing zone which forms the blocking surface and by the rest plane of the same tooth which forms the drawing surface.
  • the second position of the anchor is defined by the first bearing zone which forms the blocking surface and by the rest plane of a second consecutive tooth which forms the drawing surface.
  • This escapement comprises a not shown pendulum, an escape wheel 12 and an anchor 14, cooperating together so as to transform the rotational movement of the wheel 12 into an alternating movement of the balance.
  • the rocker, the wheel 12, and the anchor 14 are pivotally mounted on three shafts, respectively 16, 18 and 20, non-aligned.
  • the balance has three superimposed trays respectively upper 22, intermediate 24 and lower 26 substantially circular and which respectively define three planes P1, P2 and P3.
  • the upper plate 22 has a lift 36 located at its periphery, slightly concave on one side and convex on the other, and intended to receive a pulse from the wheel 12. It is made, for example, of nickel-phosphorus alloy .
  • the intermediate plate 24 is advantageously made of nickel-phosphorus alloy. Its center, that is to say the center of its circular portion, is slightly offset relative to the shaft 16 of the balance. It has, at its periphery, on the farthest side of the shaft 16, two circular notches 30 and 32, separated from each other by a finger 34 extending radially in the plane of the plate 24 and serving as ankle plate. The finger can be slightly enlarged at its end.
  • the lower plate 26 advantageously made of ruby, has a notch 28 in the form of a portion of a circle, making it possible, by cooperating with the anchor 14, to prevent the rocker from overturning.
  • the plates 22, 24 and 26 are mounted integral with the shaft 16, the radius according to which the finger 34 is arranged forming an axis of symmetry for the notch 28, and the lever 36 making, with the finger 34, an angle function of the relative position of the balance wheel, the escape wheel 12 and the anchor 14.
  • the wheel 12 is located at the plane P1, which allows it to cooperate with the lift 36 of the plate 22, but also with the anchor 14, as explained later. It is advantageously made of nickel-phosphorus alloy.
  • the anchor 14 comprises a body 50, formed essentially by a compact and flat part, and several elements 54, 56, 58, 60 arranged directly projecting on one of the faces of the body 50.
  • the body 50 is made, for example , nickel-phosphorus alloy and the elements can be formed by etching or by galvanic deposition.
  • the body 50 includes a first level located in the plane P3 to cooperate with the plate 26. It forms, at this first level, a tip 62 located in the vicinity of the balance and intended to perform the function that the dart occupies in a Swiss anchor escapement. More specifically, the tip is shaped so as to cooperate with the notch 28 of the plate 22 to prevent the overthrow of the anchor 14 in case of impact.
  • the body 50 further comprises a second level located in the plane P2 to cooperate with the finger 34.
  • the end of the second level forms a fork 52 so as to leave free between its two horns 52a and 52b , a space 64 in which finger 34 will be guided, as will be explained in detail later.
  • the elements 54, 56, 58 and 60 are disposed on the upper surface of the body 50 and are located at the plane P1, so that their flanks can cooperate with the teeth of the wheel 12.
  • the element 54 substantially in the form of a drop, has a slightly rounded end 54a. Its outer side 54b located on the side of the wheel 12 is intended to cooperate with it.
  • the substantially hemicylindrical element 56 is located in the vicinity of the wheel 12. Its right side 56a is oriented toward the wheel 12.
  • the element 58 is cylindrical and is located in the vicinity of the wheel 12. It constitutes a stop intended to limit the amplitude of the rocking movement of the anchor 14.
  • the element 60 shaped almond is located at the end of the body 50 opposite the tip 62.
  • the active face of the element 60 intended to interact with the rest plane 49 of the teeth 38, is formed by the end of its flank located on the opposite side to the center of the wheel 12, situated towards the element 58.
  • the wheel 12 and the anchor 14 can be, as illustrated on the Figures 2 to 8 , mounted on the same bridge.
  • the balance, the wheel 12, and the anchor 14 are precisely positioned so that the wheel 12 transmits energy received by the energy source of the movement to maintain the periodic movement of the balance. To do this, the wheel gives a pulse on one side and then the other of the balance, directly or indirectly via the anchor 14.
  • This interaction can be divided into several phases of movement, namely, the phases of disengagement, impulse, rest and security. Since the movement of the escapement according to the invention is not symmetrical with respect to the direction of rotation of the balance, the direct impulse alternation will be distinguished during which the impulse is transmitted directly by the wheel to the balance, of the alternation with indirect impulse, during which the impulse is transmitted to the balance by means of the anchor 14.
  • the anchor 14 is in a first extreme position and is in abutment against the wheel 12, through the element 58 which is in contact with the bearing zone 44a of a first tooth 38a.
  • the rest plane 49a of the same tooth is supported on the side 60a, ensuring a draft which, combined with the support of the element 58 on the wheel 12 which provides a locking, maintains both the wheel and the wheel. 'anchor.
  • the rest plane 49b of the next tooth 38b is close to the plane 56a, while the tooth 38c preceding the tooth 38b, is located in the vicinity of the lift 36, but without interacting with it.
  • the pendulum rotates clockwise (SAM below) and is in the down phase of its alternation.
  • the finger 34 then engages in the space 64 and drives the anchor 14, which tilts on its shaft 20 in the counterclockwise direction (SIAM below), thus releasing the tooth 38a in abutment against the piece 60.
  • the wheel 12 and the anchor 14 are thus released from each other, causing a slight retreat of the escape wheel 12.
  • the wheel 12 is no longer locked by the anchor 14, it can rotate freely and, in its rotational movement, exerts a thrust on the side 56a via the spout 46b. Under the effect of this thrust, the anchor 14 continues its rotational movement around its shaft 20 in the SIAM, exerting in turn a thrust on the balance by means of the output horn 52b of the fork 52 which press the finger 34. The wheel 12 thus transmits an impulse to the balance, indirectly, by the action of the anchor 14.
  • the anchor 14 continues its movement around its shaft 20 and the wheel 12 continues to rotate freely until the tooth 38c meets the element 54 of the anchor 14.
  • the rest plane 49c comes in abutment against the flank 54b, ensuring a draft which, combined with the support of the flank 54c of the anchor 14 against the support surface 42b which ensures a locking, holds both the wheel 12 and the anchor 14 which is in a second extreme position.
  • the balance carries a portion of rotation in the SAM, then leaves in the opposite direction of rotation, under the action of the spiral with which it is associated.
  • the rocker now turns freely in the SIAM until the plate 24 meets the anchor 14.
  • the finger 34 then engages in the space 64 and drives the anchor 14 in rotation in the SAM, thus clearing the tooth 38c of its abutment 54.
  • the wheel 12 and the anchor 14 are again free to rotate.
  • the spout 46d is in contact with the concave part of the lift 36 of the plate 26.
  • the spout 46d exerts a thrust on the concave part of the lift 36 under the effect of the rotational movement of the wheel 12, which thus directly prints a pulse to the balance.
  • the finger 34 that is engaged in the channel 64 drives the anchor 14 by pressing on the horn 52b. She then turns around her tree 20 in the SAM.
  • the anchor 14 continues its movement around its shaft 20, and, simultaneously, the wheel 12 continues to rotate freely, until the tooth 38b abuts on the side 60a of the element 60.
  • the anchor 14 is then in abutment on the bearing zone 44b, through the element 58, which limits the movement of the anchor 14 in the SAM, and the rest plane 49c is in contact with the flank 56a of the element 56.
  • the parts are again in the position before the release during the indirect pulse alternation, and the described cycle can be repeated.
  • the rotational movements of the anchor 14 and the balance are such that the stinger 62 moves inside the notch 28 without ever meeting the periphery of the plate 26. It can happen however, that a shock spreads the anchor of one or the other of its blocking positions. In this case, the movement of the anchor 14 may no longer be coordinated with that of the other parts.
  • the stinger 62 avoids a reversal during which the finger 34 would no longer engage in the space 64, but would abut against the outside of one of the two elements 52 or 54 which would have the immediate consequence of stop movement.
  • the skilled person will choose the angle of the stinger 62 so that it remains tangent to the plate 26 in case of uncontrolled release, and the finger 34 can engage in the space 64 to restart the next alternation
  • nickel-phosphorus alloy could also be in silicon or diamond.
  • the steel could also be used, the surfaces to come into contact with others then being made in ruby, by means of inserts.
  • the anchor can be made in different ways.
  • the body 50 may, in particular, result from the assembly of two parts forming the first and second levels. It could also be monobloc, the active surfaces being obtained by the adapted arrangement of recesses.
  • the essential point of the invention is that the anchor is compact, that is to say that it does not have an arm carrying an element intended to cooperate with the balance or with the escape wheel.
  • the anchor 14 is always compact and carries directly all the surfaces intended to cooperate with the escape wheel and the balance plates, but the locking surfaces defining the extreme positions of the anchor are arranged conventionally, on a tail which cooperates with stops disposed on the frame of the movement.
  • the print is obtained as in the first embodiment.

Claims (5)

  1. Hemmung für mechanische Uhr, umfassend:
    - eine Unruh, die schwingende Bewegungen durchführt, die eine erste und eine zweite Halbschwingung definieren, und umfasst:
    einen von einer ersten Scheibe (22), die sich auf einer ersten Ebene befindet, getragenen Schöpfer (36) und
    einen von einer zweiten Scheibe (24), die sich auf einer zweiten Ebene befindet, getragenen Hebelstein (34),
    - ein Hemmungsrad (12), um mit einer Energiequelle verbunden zu sein und um Energie an die Unruh mittels des Schöpfers (36) während der ersten Halbschwingung zu übertragen,
    - einen Anker (14), der bestimmt ist, sich zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten extremen Position zu bewegen, der einen Körper (50) und erste Flächen (52a, 54a, 54b, 58, 60a) umfasst, um das Hemmungsrad (12) zu blockieren und zu halten, zweite (56a) und dritte (52b) Flächen, um jeweils Energie vom Hemmungsrad zu empfangen und um mindestens einen Teil der erhaltenen Energie mittels des Schöpfers (36) während der zweiten Halbschwingung an die Unruh zu übertragen, wobei die dritten Flächen ferner bestimmt sind, während der ersten Halbschwingung mit dem Hebelstein (34) zusammenzuarbeiten,
    wobei das Hemmungsrad eine einzige Zahnung aufweist, um mit der Unruh und dem Anker (14) zusammenzuarbeiten,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (14) kompakt ist und direkt auf dem Körper (50) alle Flächen trägt, wobei der Anker keinen Arm aufweist, der ein Element trägt, das für die Zusammenarbeit mit der Unruh oder mit dem Hemmungsrad bestimmt ist,
    und dass jeder der Zähne (38) des Hemmungsrads eine Anzugfläche (49) und mindestens eine Blockierungsfläche (42, 44) aufweist, die zur Zusammenarbeit mit den ersten Flächen des Ankers bestimmt sind,
    und dass die Anzugfläche (49) und die Blockierungsfläche (44) eines selben Zahns derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie gleichzeitig mit dem Anker (14) zusammenarbeiten, um eine erste extreme Position des Ankers (14) zu bestimmen, und
    dass die Anzugfläche (49) eines ersten Zahns und die Blockierungsfläche (42) eines zweiten, dem ersten Zahn folgenden Zahns derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie gleichzeitig derart mit dem Anker (14) zusammenarbeiten, um eine zweite extreme Position des Ankers zu bestimmen.
  2. Hemmung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zahnung von asymmetrischen Zähnen (38) gebildet ist, die jeweils aufweisen:
    eine konvexe Flanke (40), deren im Verhältnis zum Zentrum des Rads distales Ende eine erste Abstützzone (42) definiert,
    einen Rand (44), dessen allgemeine Richtung etwa konzentrisch zum Rad ist (12), wobei eine zweite Abstützzone definiert wird,
    einen Schnabel (46), der vom Ende des Rands (44) gebildet wird, das sich auf der Seite gegenüber der Flanke (40) befindet, und
    eine konkave Flanke (48), deren Ende, das sich in der Nachbarschaft des Schnabels (46) befindet, eine Ruheebene (49) bildet,
    und dass die erste extreme Position des Ankers von der zweiten Abstützzone (44) definiert ist, welche die Blockadefläche bildet, und von der Ruheebene (49) eines selben Zahns, welche die Anzugfläche bildet,
    und dass die zweite Position des Ankers von der ersten Abstützzone (42) definiert ist, welche die Blockadefläche bildet, von der Ruheebene eines zweiten folgenden Zahns, welche die Anzugfläche bildet.
  3. Hemmung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einige der Flächen des Ankers (14) von Elementen (54, 56, 58, 60) gebildet sind, die hervorstehend auf dem Körper (50) angeordnet sind.
  4. Hemmung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruh eine Kerbe (28) aufweist, die sich auf einer dritten Ebene befindet, um mit einem Sicherheitsstift (62) zusammenzuarbeiten, der von dem Körper gebildet ist, um ein Ausschwingen der Unruh zu verhindern.
  5. Hemmung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Hebelstein (34) in der Ebene der Scheibe (24) befindet, die ihn trägt.
EP06117272.2A 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Hemmung Active EP1879085B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06117272.2A EP1879085B1 (de) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Hemmung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06117272.2A EP1879085B1 (de) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Hemmung

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1879085A1 EP1879085A1 (de) 2008-01-16
EP1879085B1 true EP1879085B1 (de) 2015-09-30

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EP06117272.2A Active EP1879085B1 (de) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Hemmung

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2400352A1 (de) 2010-06-22 2011-12-28 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Hemmungssystem einer Uhr
CH712288B1 (fr) * 2016-03-22 2020-06-15 Mft Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet Sa Dard bi-fonctionnel, dispositif de verrouillage et de sécurisation pour pièce d'horlogerie, et échappement horloger.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH101849A (fr) * 1922-10-25 1923-11-16 Pellaton Jules Echappement de mouvement de montre.
US3146581A (en) * 1961-12-26 1964-09-01 United States Time Corp "d" jewel watch escapement
EP0018796B1 (de) 1979-04-30 1984-11-07 George Daniels Uhren, Pendeluhren, Chronometer und Hemmungen dafür

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Publication number Publication date
EP1879085A1 (de) 2008-01-16

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