EP1875130A1 - Double wall extension - Google Patents

Double wall extension

Info

Publication number
EP1875130A1
EP1875130A1 EP06743846A EP06743846A EP1875130A1 EP 1875130 A1 EP1875130 A1 EP 1875130A1 EP 06743846 A EP06743846 A EP 06743846A EP 06743846 A EP06743846 A EP 06743846A EP 1875130 A1 EP1875130 A1 EP 1875130A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
bed reactor
extension panels
walls
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06743846A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1875130B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Xavier Morin
Daniel Baglione
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1875130A1 publication Critical patent/EP1875130A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1875130B1 publication Critical patent/EP1875130B1/en
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fluidized bed reactors such as boiler fireplaces. These reactors comprise a focus generally consisting of diaphragm cased walls cooled by a coolant such as a water / steam mixture.
  • the section of the hearth that can be rectangular is determined by the upward velocity of the flue gases for proper operation.
  • the perimeter of the hearth being fixed, the flow rate of the coolant circulating in the wall tubes will be determined according to the diameter and the pitch chosen for said tubes.
  • the height of the hearth makes it possible to obtain the heat exchange surface of the four walls, however this height must be optimized in order to reduce the height and therefore the cost of the installation, but also so that the required residence time the chemical reactions between the particles can take place inside the home.
  • the section of the hearth gives a perimeter which may be insufficient to install in the walls the parallel tubes necessary to circulate the flow of heat transfer fluid.
  • the need for heat exchange may require the installation of additional exchange surfaces in the home.
  • Another solution could be to increase the height of the fireplace to increase the exchange surface of the walls without adding internal extensions but this solution is expensive because the entire height of the installation is increased.
  • the present invention proposes to solve at a lower cost and without increasing the height of the installation the problem of the insufficiency of the exchange surfaces in the hearth.
  • the fluidized-bed reactor according to the invention consists of diaphragm-walled walls cooled by a heat-transfer fluid, these walls surrounding a hearth and comprising panels of cased extensions traversed by a heat-transfer fluid in single-pass forced circulation according to the invention. the extension panels are paired together.
  • the coolant fluid that circulates in the tubes of the walls and cased extensions balances the heat flow received from the fluidized bed circulating in the home.
  • the circulation is mono pass, that is to say that all the tubes of the hearth and extensions are traversed in parallel.
  • the single-pass circulation avoids long connecting pipes between the extension panels and the walls of the fireplace (in the upper part for the exit of the panels and in the lower part for the entrance of the walls of the fireplace). All that remains is that supply pipes at the bottom and clearance at the top for the panels and walls of the fireplace. Thanks to the invention, only one face of each extension is heated by the fluidized bed circulating in the hearth, which allows a flow reduced heat transfer fluid because the second face of each of the extension panels thus paired is not in contact with the ashes and hot gases constituting the fluidized bed circulating in the home which avoids heat transfer modes damaging to the mechanical strength of the tubes. On the other hand, doubling the number of tubes of each extension panel increases the passage section of the coolant flowing in these extensions relative to simple extensions and increases the exchange surface. These double wall extensions have better mechanical strength, it is possible to give them larger size.
  • the extension panels are attached to the walls of the reactor. This makes it possible to improve the rigidity and to minimize the deformations of the panels which could give rise to erosions by solids descending in a layer along the walls.
  • the expansion panels leave the top of the reactor and at most on a height equal to 75% of the height of the hearth. Because it is in the upper zone of the hearth that the temperature is the highest and that the risks of erosion are the weakest since the solids concentrations decrease according to the height and that the gaseous atmosphere in the upper part of the hearth is fully oxidizing.
  • the bottom of the hearth is in the form of split hearth said "pant leg". This shape allows the introduction of combustion air into the central area of the fireplace to distribute this air over the entire section of the fireplace.
  • the coolant is in the liquid phase and / or gaseous depending on the thermal load of operation of the boiler.
  • the fluid is liquid in low charge and gaseous in high load.
  • the coolant is water.
  • the extension panels form enclosures having openings. These openings make it possible to avoid the rise in pressure inside the enclosure in the event of leakage of the heat transfer fluid from the tubes.
  • the extension panels are placed at least partly in the dense layer of solids. Because it is in this area of high concentration of solids that heat exchange is the highest.
  • the tubes constituting the extension panels are of different dimensions from those of the wall tubes.
  • the pitch between two tubes constituting the extension panels is fixed. This simplifies the manufacture of the panels.
  • the pitch between two tubes constituting the extension panels is variable. This makes it possible to optimize the thermodynamic behavior of said panels and not to exceed the temperature thresholds of the metal.
  • the distance between two panels of twin extensions is equal to the pitch between two tubes of the fireplace screen wall. The manufacture of the assembly is thus simplified.
  • the tubes of the extension panels are traversed in heat transfer fluid in series with the peripheral walls. This choice depends on the steam cycles and the thermal powers to be exchanged in the extension panels.
  • the extension panels are arranged on partition walls that divide the fireplace. This makes it possible to increase the number of extension panels and thus to increase the number of exchange surfaces at a lower cost.
  • the partition walls start from the top of the reactor and at most over a height equal to 75% of the height of the hearth.
  • partition double walls may be spaced apart or close type according to the access requirements for maintenance between the walls.
  • FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show horizontal sectional views of reactors equipped with extension panels according to the invention
  • FIGS. 5a to 5t are horizontal sectional views which illustrate various forms of panels of possible extensions
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of double extension panels on a double partition wall of close type
  • FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of double panels of extensions on a double partition wall of separated type
  • FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of an example of a hearth comprising two partition double walls and double extension panels on the peripheral walls and partition walls,
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a double extension
  • FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view of a double extension
  • FIGS. 12a to 12c are perspective views of examples of the installation of double partition walls
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view of an example of the installation of double partition walls
  • FIGS. 14a to 141 are examples of different positions of the inlet and outlet manifolds for the partition double walls.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show a fluidized-bed reactor 1 consisting of diaphragm walls 2 with membranes cooled by a heat-transfer fluid surrounding a combustion chamber 10.
  • the walls 2 comprise cased extensions 3.
  • the wall 1 1 comprises openings 5 which communicate with cyclones (not shown). These extensions may be arranged perpendicular to the wall 1 1 as in Figure 1 or parallel to the wall 1 1 as in Figure 2 or be partition walls 4 of the fireplace 10 as in Figure 3 where the fireplace 1 0 is divided in three and Figure 3a where the focus is divided into two. In FIG. 4, the focus 1 0 is divided into 6.
  • Figures 5 show the different types of extension panels possible. This set of figures illustrates the variety of possible constructions which depends on the requirements of exchange surface and thermodynamic resistance criteria which themselves are a function of the conditions of the gaseous liquid cycle or steam water.
  • Figures 5u to 5t have a single end tube to reduce the heat flow received by the tube and the end fin.
  • FIG. 6 shows the detail of a partition wall 4 of close type on which extension panels 3 have been arranged.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 show a partition wall 4a of spaced apart type on which extension panels 3 have been arranged.
  • Fig. 7 shows the detail of the wall 4a.
  • the extension panel 3 is fed by a distribution circuit 30, it is composed of tubes 31 which are held spaced by a notched vane sealing 32.
  • the fluid coolant flows in the tubes 31 of the inlet manifold 33 to the outlet manifold 34 (see Figure 9).
  • the extension 3 shown in Figure 10 is seen from above in section. It consists of tubes 31.
  • the double partition wall 4 can be arranged in different ways: either over the entire height as in Figure 1 1a, or only in the central portion as in Figure 1 1b, or to an intermediate height as on Figure 1 1 c, from the ceiling up to a height inter medi ⁇ ⁇ re as in Figure 1 1 d or Figure 12a. It is also possible to put several parallel partition walls 4 parallel as in Figures 12b and 13, or which are in I ntersection as in Figure 12c. It is thus possible to separate the focus 10 in several sub-points 10a. It is thus possible to obtain a focal point with 6 cyclones 5 and two parallel double partition walls 4 dividing the focal point 10 at 3 foci 10a each opening on 2 cyclones 5.
  • Fig. 14 shows the various possible inlet and outlet manifold arrangements for double partition walls with walls of close-type (Figs. 14h-141) or spaced-apart (14a-14g).
  • the choice of these different arrangements of collectors depends on the size of the partition walls and the optimization of the distribution of the coolant in these walls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fluidised bed reactor (1) consisting of tube walls (2) with membranes cooled by a coolant, said walls surrounding a firebox (10) and comprising tube extension panels (3) through which a coolant flows by means of single-passage forced circulation. According to the invention, the extension panels (3) are paired.

Description

Double extension de paroi Double wall extension
La présente invention concerne les réacteurs à lit fluidisé tels que des foyers de chaudières. Ces réacteurs comprennent un foyer généralement constitué de parois tubées à membranes refroidies par un fluide caloporteur tel qu'u n mélange eau/vapeur.The present invention relates to fluidized bed reactors such as boiler fireplaces. These reactors comprise a focus generally consisting of diaphragm cased walls cooled by a coolant such as a water / steam mixture.
La section du foyer qui peut être rectangulaire est détermi née par la vitesse ascendante des fumées de combustion pour son bon fonctionnement. Le périmètre du foyer étant fixé, le débit du fluide caloporteur pouvant circuler dans les tubes des parois sera détermi né en fonction du diamètre et du pas choisi pour lesdits tubes. La hauteur du foyer permet d'obtenir la surface d'échange thermique des quatre parois, cependant cette hauteur doit être optimisée dans un soucis de réduction de hauteur et donc du coût de l'i nstallation mais aussi de façon que le temps de séjour nécessaire aux réactions chimiques entre les particules puissent se réaliser à l'intérieur du foyer.The section of the hearth that can be rectangular is determined by the upward velocity of the flue gases for proper operation. The perimeter of the hearth being fixed, the flow rate of the coolant circulating in the wall tubes will be determined according to the diameter and the pitch chosen for said tubes. The height of the hearth makes it possible to obtain the heat exchange surface of the four walls, however this height must be optimized in order to reduce the height and therefore the cost of the installation, but also so that the required residence time the chemical reactions between the particles can take place inside the home.
En fonction de la taille des installations et du cycle vapeur voulu, la section du foyer donne un pé rimètre qui peut être insuffisant pour installer dans les parois les tubes en parallèle nécessaires pour faire circuler le débit de fluide caloporteur. De plus, le besoin d'échange thermique peut nécessiter l'installation de surfaces d'échange supplémentai res dans le foyer.Depending on the size of the installations and the desired steam cycle, the section of the hearth gives a perimeter which may be insufficient to install in the walls the parallel tubes necessary to circulate the flow of heat transfer fluid. In addition, the need for heat exchange may require the installation of additional exchange surfaces in the home.
Une solution déjà connue consiste à ajouter dans le foyer des panneaux d'extensions simples de paroi telles que décrites dans le brevet FR 2 712 378 du demandeur. Ces panneaux d'extensions sont verticaux, tubées et à membranes, soudées aux parois périphériques et ali mentées en fluide caloporteur en parallèle ou en série avec les parois formant l'enveloppe extérieure du foyer.A solution already known is to add in the home panels of single wall extensions as described in patent FR 2 712 378 of the applicant. These extension panels are vertical, tubed and membrane welded to the peripheral walls and supplied with heat transfer fluid in parallel or in series with the walls forming the outer casing of the fireplace.
Cependant ces panneaux d'extensions simples de paroi sont limitées en hauteur, en nombre de tubes les constituant et en quantité à cause de la distance minimale requise entre eux, pour des raisons de contraintes mécaniques et d'érosion par les cendres en circulation dans le foyer. La surface d'échange additionnelle est donc limitée.However these panels of simple extensions of wall are limited in height, in number of tubes constituting them and in quantity because of the minimum distance required between them, for reasons of mechanical stresses and erosion by ashes circulating in the home. The additional exchange surface is therefore limited.
Ces panneaux d'extensions simples de parois sont chauffées par les cendres et les gaz sur leurs deux faces ce qui peut dans certains cas entraîner une surchauffe des tubes en cas de déséquilibre entre le flux thermique reçu du lit fluidisé circulant dans le foyer et le débit de fluide caloporteur qui assure le refroidissement des tubes.These panels of simple extensions of walls are heated by ashes and gases on their two sides which can in some cases cause overheating of the tubes in case of imbalance between the heat flow received from the fluidized bed circulating in the home and the flow of heat transfer fluid which ensures the cooling of the tubes.
Une autre solution pourrait consister à augmenter la hauteur du foyer afin d'augmenter la surface d'échange des parois sans ajout d'extensions internes mais cette solution est coûteuse car toute la hauteur de l'installation est augmentée.Another solution could be to increase the height of the fireplace to increase the exchange surface of the walls without adding internal extensions but this solution is expensive because the entire height of the installation is increased.
La présente invention propose de résoudre à moindre coût et sans augmentation de hauteur de l'installation le problème de l'insuffisance des surfaces d'échanges dans le foyer. Le réacteur à lit fluidisé selon l'invention est constitué de parois tubées à membranes refroidies par un fluide caloporteur, ces parois entourant un foyer et comprenant des panneaux d'extensions tubées parcourues par un fluide caloporteur en circulation forcée mono passe Selon l'invention, les panneaux d'extensions sont jumelés deux à deux. Le fluide caloporteur qui circule ainsi dans les tubes des parois et des extensions tubées permet d'équilibrer le flux thermique reçu du lit fluidisé circulant dans le foyer. La circulation est mono passe, c'est à dire que tous les tubes du foyer et des extensions sont parcourus en parallèle. La circulation mono passe évite de longues tuyauteries de liaison entre les panneaux d'extension et les parois du foyer (en partie haute pour la sortie des panneaux et en partie basse pour l'entrée des parois du foyer). Il ne reste donc plus que des tuyauteries d'alimentation en partie basse et de dégagement en partie haute pour les panneaux et les parois du foyer. Grâce à l'invention, seule, une face de chaque extension est chauffée par le lit fluidisé circulant dans le foyer, ce qui permet un débit du fluide caloporteur réduit car la seconde face de chacun des panneaux d'extension ainsi jumelée n'est pas en contact avec les cendres et les gaz chauds constituant le lit fluidisé circulant dans le foyer ce qui évite des modes de transfert de chaleur dommageables à la tenue mécanique des tubes. D'autre part, en doublant le nombre de tubes de chaque panneau d'extension on augmente la section de passage du fluide caloporteur qui circulent dans ces extensions par rapport à des extensions simples et on augmente la su rface d'échange. Ces extensions doubles parois ont une meilleure tenue mécanique, il est possible de leur donner de plus grande dimension.The present invention proposes to solve at a lower cost and without increasing the height of the installation the problem of the insufficiency of the exchange surfaces in the hearth. The fluidized-bed reactor according to the invention consists of diaphragm-walled walls cooled by a heat-transfer fluid, these walls surrounding a hearth and comprising panels of cased extensions traversed by a heat-transfer fluid in single-pass forced circulation according to the invention. the extension panels are paired together. The coolant fluid that circulates in the tubes of the walls and cased extensions balances the heat flow received from the fluidized bed circulating in the home. The circulation is mono pass, that is to say that all the tubes of the hearth and extensions are traversed in parallel. The single-pass circulation avoids long connecting pipes between the extension panels and the walls of the fireplace (in the upper part for the exit of the panels and in the lower part for the entrance of the walls of the fireplace). All that remains is that supply pipes at the bottom and clearance at the top for the panels and walls of the fireplace. Thanks to the invention, only one face of each extension is heated by the fluidized bed circulating in the hearth, which allows a flow reduced heat transfer fluid because the second face of each of the extension panels thus paired is not in contact with the ashes and hot gases constituting the fluidized bed circulating in the home which avoids heat transfer modes damaging to the mechanical strength of the tubes. On the other hand, doubling the number of tubes of each extension panel increases the passage section of the coolant flowing in these extensions relative to simple extensions and increases the exchange surface. These double wall extensions have better mechanical strength, it is possible to give them larger size.
Selon une autre disposition, les panneaux d'extensions sont rattachées aux parois du réacteur. Ce qui permet d'améliorer la rigidité et de minimiser les déformations des panneaux qui pourrait donner lieu à des érosions par des solides descendant en couche le long des parois.In another arrangement, the extension panels are attached to the walls of the reactor. This makes it possible to improve the rigidity and to minimize the deformations of the panels which could give rise to erosions by solids descending in a layer along the walls.
Selon une vari ante, les panneaux d'extensions partent du sommet du réacteur et au plus sur une hauteur égale à 75% de la hauteur du foyer. Car c'est dans la zone haute du foyer que la température est la plus élevée et que les risques d'érosion sont les plus faibles puisque les concentrations de solides diminuent selon la hauteur et que l'atmosphère gazeuse en partie haute du foyer est pleinement oxydante.According to a variate, the expansion panels leave the top of the reactor and at most on a height equal to 75% of the height of the hearth. Because it is in the upper zone of the hearth that the temperature is the highest and that the risks of erosion are the weakest since the solids concentrations decrease according to the height and that the gaseous atmosphere in the upper part of the hearth is fully oxidizing.
Selon une autre variante, le bas du foyer est en forme de foyer divisé dit "pant leg". Cette forme permet l'introduction d'air de combustion dans la zone centrale du foyer pour bien réparti r cet air sur toute la section du foyer.According to another variant, the bottom of the hearth is in the form of split hearth said "pant leg". This shape allows the introduction of combustion air into the central area of the fireplace to distribute this air over the entire section of the fireplace.
Selon une disposition particulière, le fluide caloporteur est en phase liquide et/ou gazeuse selon la charge thermique de fonctionnement de la chaudière. Le fluide est liquide en charge faible et gazeux en charge élevée. Selon une disposition particulière, le fluide caloporteur est de l'eau.According to a particular provision, the coolant is in the liquid phase and / or gaseous depending on the thermal load of operation of the boiler. The fluid is liquid in low charge and gaseous in high load. According to a particular provision, the coolant is water.
Selon une variante, les panneaux d'extensions forment des enceintes comportant des ouvertures. Ces ouvertures permettent d'éviter la montée en pression à l'i ntérieur de l'encei nte en cas de fuite du fluide caloporteur des tubes.Alternatively, the extension panels form enclosures having openings. These openings make it possible to avoid the rise in pressure inside the enclosure in the event of leakage of the heat transfer fluid from the tubes.
Selon une disposition particulière, les panneaux d'extensions sont placés au moi ns en partie dans la couche dense des solides. Car c'est dans cette zone de forte concentration des solides que les échanges thermiques sont les plus élevés.According to a particular arrangement, the extension panels are placed at least partly in the dense layer of solids. Because it is in this area of high concentration of solids that heat exchange is the highest.
Selon une autre disposition, les tubes constituant les panneaux d'extensions sont de dimensions différentes de celles des tubes des parois.According to another arrangement, the tubes constituting the extension panels are of different dimensions from those of the wall tubes.
Selon une première variante, le pas entre deux tubes constituant les panneaux d'extensions est fixe. Ceci simplifie la fabrication des panneaux.According to a first variant, the pitch between two tubes constituting the extension panels is fixed. This simplifies the manufacture of the panels.
Selon une deuxième variante, le pas entre deux tubes constituant les panneaux d'extensions est variable. Ce qui permet d'optimiser la tenue thermodynamique desdits panneaux et de ne pas dépasser les seuils de température du métal.According to a second variant, the pitch between two tubes constituting the extension panels is variable. This makes it possible to optimize the thermodynamic behavior of said panels and not to exceed the temperature thresholds of the metal.
Selon une troisième variante, la distance entre deux panneaux d'extensions jumeaux est égale au pas entre deux tubes de la paroi d'écran du foyer. La fabrication de l'ensemble est ainsi simplifiée.According to a third variant, the distance between two panels of twin extensions is equal to the pitch between two tubes of the fireplace screen wall. The manufacture of the assembly is thus simplified.
Selon une autre disposition, les tubes des panneaux d'extensions sont parcourus en fluide caloporteur en série avec les parois périphériques. Ce choix dépend des cycles vapeur et des puissances thermiques à échanger dans les pan neaux d'extension .According to another provision, the tubes of the extension panels are traversed in heat transfer fluid in series with the peripheral walls. This choice depends on the steam cycles and the thermal powers to be exchanged in the extension panels.
Selon une autre disposition particulière, les panneaux d'extensions sont disposés sur des parois de partition qui divisent le foyer. Ceci permet d'augmenter le nombre de panneaux d'extension et donc d'augmenter le nombre de surfaces d'échange à moindre coût. Selon une variante, les parois de partition partent du sommet du réacteur et au plus sur une hauteur égale à 75% de la hauteur du foyer.According to another particular arrangement, the extension panels are arranged on partition walls that divide the fireplace. This makes it possible to increase the number of extension panels and thus to increase the number of exchange surfaces at a lower cost. According to one variant, the partition walls start from the top of the reactor and at most over a height equal to 75% of the height of the hearth.
Ces parois double de partition peuvent être de type écarté ou rapproché selon les prescriptions d'accès pour la maintenance entre les parois.These partition double walls may be spaced apart or close type according to the access requirements for maintenance between the walls.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :The invention will be better understood on reading the following description given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- les figu res 1 , 2, 3 et 4 montrent des vues en coupe horizontale de réacteurs équipés de panneaux d'extensions selon l'i nvention,FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show horizontal sectional views of reactors equipped with extension panels according to the invention,
- les figures 5a à 5t sont des vues en coupe horizontale qui illustrent différentes formes de panneaux d'extensions possibles,FIGS. 5a to 5t are horizontal sectional views which illustrate various forms of panels of possible extensions,
- la figur e 6 est une vue en coupe horizontale de doubles panneaux d'extensions sur une paroi double de partition de type rapproché,FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of double extension panels on a double partition wall of close type,
- la figure 7 est une vue en coupe horizontale de doubles pan neaux d'extensions su r u ne paroi double de partition de type écarté,FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of double panels of extensions on a double partition wall of separated type,
- le figure 8 est une vue en coupe horizontale d'un exemple de foyer comportant deux parois double de partition et des doubles panneaux extensions sur les parois périphériques et les parois de partition,FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of an example of a hearth comprising two partition double walls and double extension panels on the peripheral walls and partition walls,
- la figure 9 est une vue en coupe verticale d'une doub le extension,FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a double extension,
- la figure 1 0 est une vue en coupe horizontale d'une double extension,FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view of a double extension,
- les figures 1 1 a à 1 1 d sont des vues en coupe verticale d'exemples d'installation de parois doubles de partition,- Figures 1 1 to 1 1 d are vertical sectional views of examples of installation of double partition walls,
- les figures 12a à 12c sont des vues en perspective d'exemples d'i nstallation de parois doubles de partition, - la figure 13 est une vue en coupe verticale d'exemple d'i nstallation de doubles parois de partition ,FIGS. 12a to 12c are perspective views of examples of the installation of double partition walls, FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view of an example of the installation of double partition walls,
- les figures 14a à 141 sont des exemples de différentes positions des collecteurs d'entrée et de sortie pour les parois doubles de partition.FIGS. 14a to 141 are examples of different positions of the inlet and outlet manifolds for the partition double walls.
Les figures 1 à 4 représentent un réacteur à lit fluidisé 1 constitué de parois tubées 2 à membranes refroidies par un fluide caloporteur entourant un foyer 1 0. Les parois 2 comprennent des extensions tubées 3. La paroi 1 1 comprend des ouvertures 5 qui communiquent avec les cyclones (non représentés). Ces extensions peuvent être disposées perpendiculairement à la paroi 1 1 comme sur la figure 1 ou parallèle à la paroi 1 1 comme sur la figure 2 ou constituer des parois 4 de partition du foyer 10 comme sur la figure 3 où le foyer 1 0 est divisé en trois et la figure 3a où le foyer est divisé en deux. Sur la figure 4, le foyer 1 0 est divisé en 6.FIGS. 1 to 4 show a fluidized-bed reactor 1 consisting of diaphragm walls 2 with membranes cooled by a heat-transfer fluid surrounding a combustion chamber 10. The walls 2 comprise cased extensions 3. The wall 1 1 comprises openings 5 which communicate with cyclones (not shown). These extensions may be arranged perpendicular to the wall 1 1 as in Figure 1 or parallel to the wall 1 1 as in Figure 2 or be partition walls 4 of the fireplace 10 as in Figure 3 where the fireplace 1 0 is divided in three and Figure 3a where the focus is divided into two. In FIG. 4, the focus 1 0 is divided into 6.
Les figures 5 représentent les différents types de panneaux d'extension possibles. Cet ensemble de figures illustre la variété des constructions possibles qui dépend des besoi ns en surface d'échange et des critères de tenue thermodynamique qui eux-même sont fonction des conditions du cycle liquide gazeux ou eau vapeur. En particulier, les figures 5u à 5t possèdent un seul tube en extrémité afin de réduire le flux thermique reçu par le tube et l'ailette d'extrémité.Figures 5 show the different types of extension panels possible. This set of figures illustrates the variety of possible constructions which depends on the requirements of exchange surface and thermodynamic resistance criteria which themselves are a function of the conditions of the gaseous liquid cycle or steam water. In particular, Figures 5u to 5t have a single end tube to reduce the heat flow received by the tube and the end fin.
La figure 6 représente le détail d'une paroi double de partition 4 de type rapproché sur laquelle on a disposé des panneaux d'extensions 3.FIG. 6 shows the detail of a partition wall 4 of close type on which extension panels 3 have been arranged.
Les figures 7 et 8 représentent une paroi de partition 4a de type écarté sur laquelle on a disposé des panneaux d'extensions 3. La figure 7 représente le détai l de la paroi 4a.Figs. 7 and 8 show a partition wall 4a of spaced apart type on which extension panels 3 have been arranged. Fig. 7 shows the detail of the wall 4a.
A titre d'exemple, le panneau d'extension 3 est alimentée par un circuit de distribution 30, elle est composée de tubes 31 qui sont tenus espacés par une ailette échancrée d'étanchéité 32. Le fluide caloporteur circule dans les tubes 31 du collecteur d'entrée 33 vers le collecteur de sortie 34 (cf. figure 9 ) .For example, the extension panel 3 is fed by a distribution circuit 30, it is composed of tubes 31 which are held spaced by a notched vane sealing 32. The fluid coolant flows in the tubes 31 of the inlet manifold 33 to the outlet manifold 34 (see Figure 9).
L'extension 3 représentée à la figure 10 est vue de dessus en coupe. Elle est constituée de tubes 31 . La double paroi de partition 4 peut être disposée de différente façon : soit sur la totalité de la hauteur comme à la figure 1 1 a, soit seulement en partie centrale comme à la figure 1 1 b, soit jusqu'à une hauteur intermédiaire comme sur la figure 1 1 c, soit du plafond jusqu'à une hauteur i ntermédiai re comme à la figure 1 1 d ou figure 12a. II est également possible de mettre plusieurs doubles parois de parti tion 4 parallèles comme sur les figures 12b et 13, ou qui sont en i ntersection comme sur la figure 12c. Il est ainsi possible de séparer le foyer 1 0 en plusieurs sous foyers 1 0a. On peut ainsi obtenir un foyer avec 6 cyclones 5 et deux parois doubles de partition 4 parallèles qui divisent le foyer 1 0 en 3 sous foyers 1 0a débouchant chacun sur 2 cyclones 5.The extension 3 shown in Figure 10 is seen from above in section. It consists of tubes 31. The double partition wall 4 can be arranged in different ways: either over the entire height as in Figure 1 1a, or only in the central portion as in Figure 1 1b, or to an intermediate height as on Figure 1 1 c, from the ceiling up to a height inter medière as in Figure 1 1 d or Figure 12a. It is also possible to put several parallel partition walls 4 parallel as in Figures 12b and 13, or which are in I ntersection as in Figure 12c. It is thus possible to separate the focus 10 in several sub-points 10a. It is thus possible to obtain a focal point with 6 cyclones 5 and two parallel double partition walls 4 dividing the focal point 10 at 3 foci 10a each opening on 2 cyclones 5.
La figure 14 représente les différentes dispositions de collecteurs d'entrée et de sortie possibles pour les doubles parois de partition avec des parois de type rapproché (figures 14h à 141) ou espacé (14a à 14 g). Le choix de ces différentes dispositions de collecteurs est fonction de la taille des parois de partition et de l'optimisation de la distribution du fluide caloporteur dans ces parois.Fig. 14 shows the various possible inlet and outlet manifold arrangements for double partition walls with walls of close-type (Figs. 14h-141) or spaced-apart (14a-14g). The choice of these different arrangements of collectors depends on the size of the partition walls and the optimization of the distribution of the coolant in these walls.
Les exemples ci-dessus peuvent être étendus à des foyers de section non rectangulaire, comme par exemple de section carrée hexagonale, octogonale ou ci rcu lai re. The above examples can be extended to foci of non-rectangular section, such as hexagonal, octagonal or square cross section.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) constitué de parois tubées (2) à membranes refroidies par un fluide caloporteur, lesdites parois entourant un foyer (10) et comprenant des panneaux extensions tubées (3) parcourues par un fluide caloporteur en circulation forcée mono passe, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'extensions (3) sont jumelés deux à deux.1. Fluidized bed reactor (1) consisting of diaphragm walls (2) with membranes cooled by a heat transfer fluid, said walls surrounding a hearth (10) and comprising cased extension panels (3) traversed by a heat transfer fluid in forced circulation mono pass, characterized in that the extension panels (3) are paired in pairs.
2. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'extensions (3) sont rattachées aux parois (2) du réacteur (10).2. Fluidized bed reactor (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the extension panels (3) are attached to the walls (2) of the reactor (10).
3. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'extensions (3) partent du sommet du réacteur (1) et au plus sur une hauteur égale à 75% de la hauteur du foyer (10). 3. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension panels (3) from the top of the reactor (1) and at most over a height equal to 75% of the height of the hearth (10).
4. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bas du foyer (10) est en forme de foyer divisé.4. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom of the hearth (10) is in the form of split hearth.
5. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fluide caloporteur est en phase liquide et/ou gazeuse selon la charge thermique de fonctionnement de la chaudière.5. Fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid is in the liquid phase and / or gaseous depending on the thermal load of the boiler operation.
6. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le fluide caloporteur est de l'eau.6. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid is water.
7. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'extensions (3) forment des enceintes comportant des ouvertures.7. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension panels (3) form enclosures having openings.
8. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'extensions (3) sont placés au moins en partie dans la couche dense des solides. 8. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension panels (3) are placed at least partly in the dense layer of solids.
9. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (31 ) constituant les panneaux d'extensions (3) sont de dimensions différentes de celles des tubes des parois (2). 9. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (31) constituting the extension panels (3) are of different dimensions from those of the wall tubes (2).
1 0. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pas entre deux tubes (31 ) constituant les extensions (3) est fixe.1 0. Fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pitch between two tubes (31) constituting the extensions (3) is fixed.
1 1 . Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des reve ndications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le pas entre deux tubes (31 ) constituant les panneaux d'extensions (3) est variable.1 1. Fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pitch between two tubes (31) constituting the extension panels (3) is variable.
12. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des revendications 1 à 10 , caractérisé en ce que la distance entre deux panneaux d'extensions jumeaux (3) est égale au pas entre deux tubes (31 ) de la paroi du foyer (1 0). 12. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the distance between two panels of twin extensions (3) is equal to the pitch between two tubes (31) of the fireplace wall (1). 0).
13. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (31 ) des panneaux d'extensions (3) sont parcourus en fluide caloporteur en série avec les parois périphériques(2).13. fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (31) of the extension panels (3) are traversed in heat transfer fluid in series with the peripheral walls (2).
14. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux d'extensions (3) sont disposées sur des parois de partition (4, 4a) qui divisent le foyer (1 0).Fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension panels (3) are arranged on partition walls (4, 4a) which divide the firebox (1 0).
1 5. Réacteur à lit fluidisé (1 ) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les parois de partition (4) partent du sommet du réacteu r (1 ) et au plus su r u ne hauteu r égale à5. Fluidized bed reactor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the partition walls (4) extend from the top of the reactor (1) and at most above the height of the reactor.
75% de la hauteu r du foyer ( 1 0) . 75% of the height of the hearth (1 0).
EP06743846.5A 2005-04-26 2006-04-26 Double wall extension Revoked EP1875130B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0551070A FR2884900B1 (en) 2005-04-26 2005-04-26 FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH DOUBLE WALL EXTENSION
PCT/FR2006/050389 WO2006114551A1 (en) 2005-04-26 2006-04-26 Double wall extension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1875130A1 true EP1875130A1 (en) 2008-01-09
EP1875130B1 EP1875130B1 (en) 2016-08-31

Family

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EP06743846.5A Revoked EP1875130B1 (en) 2005-04-26 2006-04-26 Double wall extension

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US9175846B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1875130B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100919754B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101166933B (en)
ES (1) ES2603405T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2884900B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1875130T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2006114551A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20080003925A (en) 2008-01-08
EP1875130B1 (en) 2016-08-31
US20090084293A1 (en) 2009-04-02
CN101166933B (en) 2010-10-20
CN101166933A (en) 2008-04-23
US9175846B2 (en) 2015-11-03
ES2603405T3 (en) 2017-02-27
WO2006114551A1 (en) 2006-11-02
KR100919754B1 (en) 2009-10-07
FR2884900A1 (en) 2006-10-27
PL1875130T3 (en) 2017-03-31
FR2884900B1 (en) 2007-11-30

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