RU2249761C2 - Boiler plant with a cylindrical boiler and a water-heater, a water-tube countercurrent cylindrical boiler with a convective beam, a ring-shaped sectional finned collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: the inventions are intended for heating water and-or steam and may be used in heat power engineering. The boiler plant contains a cylindrical boiler having one course of gases and an internal cylindrical shielded furnace chamber, an air heater, controlled circuits of heating of a heat carrier and fuels, one and more rows of heat exchange pipes, a ring-shaped cylindrical sectional header and a contact economizer. The finned heat exchange pipes are made U-shaped or coiled and form in the end part of the furnace chamber a radiation-convective beam. At that the gas-tightness of the furnace chamber may be ensured either by heat exchange diaphragms connecting the heat exchange pipes or by a heat exchange cylindrical surface. The heat exchange diaphragms, as well as the heat exchange cylindrical surface, which is sealing the furnace chamber and the convective part of the boiler, are spread to the frontal collector. On the collector there are outlet branch-pipes for withdrawal of the heat carrier, from which it is simultaneously possible to take the heat-carrier of several parameters. The boiler plant is countercurrent in respect to a temperature pressure of the furnace chamber and has one and more supporting devices. The back butt of the furnace chamber serves a part of a heating surface of the air-heater together with a branch-pipe of the outlet of the combustion products. The boiler and its heat-exchange pipes are made with in an series heating of the heat-carrier at the speed of its movement in the heat-exchange pipes of 2.15 m\s. The ring-shaped finned boiler header has sections, which are formed by partitions both blank and perforated, one and more frontal covers, one and more pipe plates, on which the heat-exchange pipes of the boiler are fixed. A part of the partitions is made flat and a part of the partitions is made as a ring or a part of a ring. The external finned frontal side of a collector is a part of the heating surface of the air heater. Inventions ensure increased efficiency of the boiler gross load and expansion of its functionalities.

EFFECT: the inventions ensure increased efficiency of the boiler gross load and expansion of its functionalities.

20 cl, 27 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to a collapsible boiler plant with a multifunctional collapsible cylindrical gas-oil boiler.

The closest analogue of the invention characterizing the first object of the invention is the technical solution according to patent RU 2194213, F 22 В 5/02, F 28 F 9/02, 10.12.2002, containing a cylindrical boiler with an internal cylindrical shielded combustion chamber located in the center of the boiler , burner, air heater, adjustable heat carrier and fuel heating circuits, a blower fan, one or more rows of heat exchanger tubes, an annular cylindrical sectional heated collector and economizer, while the boiler installation can be located in space obliquely, horizontally, vertically,

The closest analogue of the invention characterizing the second object of the invention is the technical solution according to patent RU 2194213, F 22 В 5/02, F 28 F 9/02, 10.12.2002, containing a cylindrical boiler with an inner cylindrical, shielded, combustion chamber located in the center the boiler, burner, air heater, frontal sectional ring heated manifold, blower fan, heating medium heating circuit, longitudinal heat exchange pipes located in the combustion chamber and convection part of the boiler, while otnostitsja combustion chamber or heat exchanger membranes is provided, connecting the heat exchange tubes, heat exchange or cylindrical surface, the boiler plant can be disposed in the space obliquely, horizontally and vertically.

The closest analogue of the invention characterizing the third object of the invention is the technical solution according to patent RU 2194213, F 22 В 5/02, F 28 F 9/02, 10.12.2002, containing sections that are formed by partitions, both deaf and perforated, one or more front covers and one or more tube plates on which the heat transfer pipes of the boiler are fixed.

The disadvantage of the above technical solutions is the low efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to increase the gross efficiency of the boiler by three percent, expand its functionality (hot-water, steam-and-steam and steam operation of the boiler), increase the manufacturability of the boiler and reduce the metal consumption of the boiler in relation to the unit of heat output.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the first embodiment, the cylindrical water-tube steam-heating boiler installation comprises a cylindrical boiler with an internal cylindrical shielded combustion chamber located in the center of the boiler, a burner, an air heater, adjustable heating circuits for the heat carrier and fuels, a blower fan, one or more rows of heat exchange pipes, an annular cylindrical sectional heated collector and economizer, while the boiler installation may have Xia in the space obliquely, horizontally, vertically. The boiler installation is collapsible and may additionally contain burners, the boiler has one gas passage, the heat transfer pipes are removable, the economizer is made contact, and the finned heat transfer pipes are made U-shaped or serpentine and form a radiation-convection beam at the end of the combustion chamber and their ends are located on concentric the circumference of a cylindrical collector, which has supports, while the collector has one or more nozzles for the inlet and outlet of the coolant, and one or more rows of heat transfer pipes connected with different reservoir sections.

The heat transfer pipes of the boiler can be removable from a collapsible collector.

The boiler plant can additionally be equipped with a regenerative radiation-convective economizer.

The boiler plant can be made of non-ferrous metals and their alloys.

The boiler plant can be protected by a layer of anticorrosive material.

The boiler plant can be made of anti-corrosion material.

The boiler installation can be additionally equipped with a smoke exhaust.

In addition, the goal is achieved by the fact that according to the second embodiment, the cylindrical water-tube steam-heating boiler installation comprises a cylindrical boiler with an internal cylindrical, shielded, combustion chamber located in the center of the boiler, a burner device, an air heater, a frontal sectional ring heated manifold, a blower fan, a circuit heat carrier heating, longitudinal heat exchange pipes located in the combustion chamber and convective part of the boiler, while gas density The combustion chamber is provided with either heat-exchange membranes connecting the heat-exchange pipes or a heat-exchange cylindrical surface, moreover, the boiler installation can be located in space obliquely, horizontally, vertically. The combustion chamber is single-flow according to the movement of the combustion products, the heat exchange pipes are assembled at the end of the combustion chamber into packages of a radiation-convective tube bundle, and the heat exchange membranes, like the heat exchange cylindrical surface, which seals the combustion chamber and the convection part of the boiler, reach the front collector, while the ends of the heat exchange pipes connected to different sections of the collector and connected to the outer ring of the collector, the collector also has outlet pipes for the selection of coolant, of which at the same time It is possible to select a coolant of several parameters - heated water for heating and hot water supply, saturated and superheated steam for thermal deaeration of the coolant and for its own and technological production needs, in addition, the boiler installation is counter-current relative to the temperature head of the combustion chamber, has one or more supporting devices, and the rear end of the combustion chamber serves as part of the heating surface of the air heater together with the exhaust pipe, the boiler and its heat transfer pipes Execute the coolant with successive heating and speed of its motion in the heat exchange tubes of 2.15 m / s and, moreover, the boiler system may further comprise burners and can operate as a supercharging, and a balanced draft.

The boiler plant can be equipped with a regenerative economizer.

The heat transfer pipes of the boiler can have fins, and can also be studded, made as fin, such as snakes, loops, coils.

The boiler installation may have a frontal tube screen with one or more rows of heat transfer pipes connected to the outer ring of the collector.

The boiler plant can be made of non-ferrous metals or their alloys.

The boiler installation can be additionally equipped with a smoke exhaust.

The boiler plant can be protected by a layer of anticorrosive material.

The boiler plant can be made of anti-corrosion material.

In addition, the goal is achieved by the fact that the multi-pass heating ring collector of the boiler has sections that are formed by partitions, both deaf and perforated, one or more front covers and one or more tube plates on which the heat transfer tubes of the boiler are fixed. In this case, the collector has fins, part of the partitions is made flat, and part of the partitions is made as a ring or part of a ring, the ends of the heat exchange tubes are connected to different sections and to the outer ring of the collector. The sections have outlet pipes for the selection of coolant and provide heating of the coolant, its circulation, distribution of the coolant along the heating surfaces of the boiler and the direction of the coolant in the steam circuit. The external finned front side of the collector is part of the heating surface of the air heater, one or more burner devices are fixed to the collector, and in space the collector can be inclined, horizontally, vertically and can be made collapsible.

Partitions can be made with the release and are the heat exchange elements of the collector.

The ring collector may be made of non-ferrous metals or their alloys.

The annular collector can be protected by a layer of anticorrosive material.

The ring collector can be made of anti-corrosion material.

The convective-radiation beam serves as a continuation of the screen longitudinal pipes of the boiler combustion chamber and connects the screen side pipes, which are located on the concentric circles of the front collector. The heat transfer pipe of the boiler has two ends, through one end the coolant enters the pipe, and through the other comes out of it. Both ends of the heat exchanger pipe are connected to the sectional collector, but with its different sections in order to ensure the circulation of the coolant through the heat exchange pipe. The pipe is made by one or more pipe bends, while the two ends of a single heat exchange pipe (it can also be composite) are closed on the collector, and the part of the pipe opposite the ring collector and burner devices passes at the end of the combustion chamber (radiation-convection beam) through the center of a cylindrical gas duct (special case). Moreover, the heat exchange pipe can be made as a loop pipe with one or more ellipses (in this version two or more pipe bends) of the “snake” type, finned, fin, serpentine, studded, connected by metal membranes, consisting of various metals, alloys and materials (e.g. glass).

In the boiler it is possible to install closed, straight, single-row heat transfer pipes with two bends - type P on one concentric circle of the cylindrical collector. The single-row heat exchange pipes installed on the annular frontal collector will lead to small radiation and convective heating surfaces of the boiler in these dimensions, as well as to a too high velocity of the coolant in them relative to the multi-row rows of pipes installed on the frontal collapsible collector, and, as a result, to a low hydraulic resistance of the boiler, the absence of counterflow of the coolant in the boiler and low gross efficiency of the boiler.

With a double-row checkerboard arrangement of direct heat-exchanging longitudinal screen tubes in the furnace chamber of the boiler with two bends - type P, a countercurrent will be present in the boiler and the radiation surface of the boiler heating will double. Heat transfer in gas ducts, referred to 1 sq.m. heating surface area, 10-12 times less effective than in the furnace. Therefore, the total convective surface area of the boiler is several times larger than the radiation, since on the internal heat-exchanging U-shaped pipes in the boiler’s combustion chamber, the temperature head between the heating and heated media will be higher than the temperature head between the heating and heated media of the U-shaped pipes of the outer row, since they are more distant from the torch of the burner devices, and from here, in countercurrent, the radiation surface of heating and the efficiency of the boiler increase, and its gross efficiency with an air heater and circuits will be yadka 94-97% (by direct balance). The radiation-convective part of the boiler, located at the end of the combustion chamber, will double, which will lead to even more inhibition of the moving flow of combustion products at the end of the combustion chamber and thereby increase the static pressure of the combustion products at the ends of the furnace on sections of heat-exchange pipes connecting or constituting longitudinal screen tubes , which intensifies the heat transfer to the radiation-convective bundle of heat transfer tubes and increase their heat removal. At the same time, the heat-exchange sections of the beam pipes uniformly spaced around the circumference one after the other (with a horizontal arrangement of the boiler) or one above the other (with a vertical arrangement of the boiler) are very effectively washed by the combustion products. Moreover, it should also be taken into account that with a vertical arrangement of the boiler, a burner for burning liquid and gaseous fuels can be located both below and above (depending on the location of the annular sectional collector), and the heat exchange pipe (part of the longitudinal pipes) located at the end of the combustion chamber in a vertical plane, it is at an angle relative to the previous and subsequent parts of the heat exchange pipe, forming a “conditionally” economizer radiation-convective part of the boiler, located horizontally, which in principle is more radiation than convective heating surface of the boiler.

The heat exchange pipes installed in the combustion chamber of a cylindrical boiler have a U-shaped geometric configuration, that is, the burner has two ends of one heat exchanger pipe connected to a cylindrical collector, and at the end of the combustion chamber, these oppositely installed parallel longitudinal screen tubes are interconnected by the diameter of the furnace cameras. Thus, the boiler heat transfer pipes can be straight “snake” type, loop, three-loop U-shaped heat transfer pipes obtained by repeated bending of one whole pipe, coil pipes both at the periphery of the combustion chamber and at its end.

A collapsible collector with a removable cover is designed to inspect the ends of the heat exchanger pipes mounted on the manifold pipe grid, as well as to clean, repair or replace them.

Fastening and connecting the heat exchange pipes to the sectional collector of the boiler can be performed in various ways: by the method of resistance welding of pipe ends, washers and cups, threaded washers and heat exchange threaded pipes at the ends with the tube sheet of the annular manifold, expansion of the ends of the heat exchange pipes in the pipe lattice of the ring collector, threaded connecting the heat exchanger pipe with nuts and washers with washers inside and outside the collector, gluing the pipes with the glass or filling the gap between the glass and the molten pipe Ferrous materials - lead, epoxy resins, enamels, conventional welded pipe manifold and nozzle using a double thread.

The heat exchange sections of the pipes located at the end of the combustion chamber (conventionally convective bundle), which are perpendicular to the longitudinal screen tubes and the flow of combustion products, can be integral with the longitudinal tubes of the screens. The geometric U-shaped configuration of the heat exchanger tubes of the boiler can be obtained by bending a single pipe, while there can be one or more bends.

Moreover, the radiation-convection beam (pipe sections) can be connected in several ways with screen longitudinal pipes of various types, for example, by threaded connections through threaded elbows in the presence of a thread at the ends of the screen longitudinal and conditionally convective heat-exchange sections of the pipes of the boiler combustion chamber. A radiation-convection beam can consist of bent (pipe sections), of finned, elliptical, serpentine, fin, studded, with bent branches (sections), loop, etc. pipes.

There can be one or more removable covers and tube plates at the annular collector. An annular technological circuit located in the collector also has an annular or other ribbing, and the collector partitions made on the side of the combustion chamber have an outlet (enlarged), because they are heat exchanging elements of the boiler. All this leads to an increase in heat transfer to the coolant circulating in the collector and to the heated air moving outside the collector, because the release of partitions is made outside the collector.

It should be borne in mind that each subsequent straight sections of smooth screened longitudinal heat exchange pipes of the boiler combustion chamber after the first heat exchanger pipe is installed in the boiler furnace will be longer than the previous pipes by the pipe diameter taking into account the gap between them (2-3 mm), except for the case of installation in the boiler furnace loop pipes, which have at the end of the combustion chamber loops in the form of an elongated ellipse or other types of pipes, for example, finned, fin, studded.

Example: U-shaped straight heat exchange pipe ⌀ 28 mm, obtained by two bends, will be longer than the previous, previously installed heat exchange pipe by 28 mm + 4 mm = 32 mm, provided that the heat exchange pipes have a diameter of ⌀ 28 mm, and the gaps at the installation of pipes in the rear end of the combustion chamber is approximately equal to 2 mm between the previous and each subsequent radiation-convective pipe located at the end of the combustion chamber. This refers to the portion of the U-shaped pipe at the end of the combustion chamber, which is perpendicular to the movement of the combustion products.

Cylindrical water-tube boiler plants with U-shaped heat-exchange pipes can be structurally designed as purely heat-generating - water-heating, steam-heating with a heating medium heating circuit (steam circuit) for high-quality thermal deaeration of water and steam consumption for own needs and fuel (gas and liquid) heating circuits ; as well as direct-flow steam boiler plants with the production of saturated or superheated steam, in this case, steam cylindrical once-through boiler plants are distinguished in that they have several annular, partially annular, direct partitions dividing the cylindrical manifold into separate sections (chambers) with input and output coolant from them, while one or more U-shaped pipes of the boiler can be parallelized and packaged along the coolant in order to increase the number of times the coolant circulates into the cat e.

Longitudinal screens and a bundle of radiation-convective heat-exchange pipes with a double-row checkerboard arrangement of heat-exchange screen pipes on two concentric circles of a tube plate (s) of a cylindrical collector with a removable cover in water tube boilers are divided in two (two streams). The beam of radiation-convection pipes has two strokes along the coolant. First, the coolant moves in the external heat transfer pipes (one stroke), and then in the internal heat transfer pipes (second stroke) of the boiler combustion chamber (a special case of a copper hot-water roof boiler).

When the boiler installation is in a horizontal position to support the rear of the boiler, which consists of screens, recycling circuits and radiation-convection pipes (bundle), as well as an integrated economizer installed perpendicular to the movement of the flow of combustion products, on the external horizontal cylindrical rear part of the longitudinal longitudinal heat-exchange screen the pipes are put on a collapsible, loose or tightening, shell (supporting bandage of the back of the boiler and at the same time a cylindrical gas duct), with which The boiler back supports are removed.

The boiler’s combustion chamber is gas-tight, since the outer row of longitudinal shield heat exchanging pipes located on the outer concentric circle of the annular collector with a removable cover can be connected with perforated metal membranes or, in the simplified boiler design, the boiler combustion chamber behind the outer row of lateral longitudinal shield tubes ring front collector to the exit of combustion products from the boiler can be sealed with a removable heat-exchange finned external and internal side us cylinder with an explosive valve (since the outside of the finned cylinder is washed by a stream of air, and the inner side of the finned cylinder bordering the flow of combustion products). The cylinder is made of heat-resistant material (steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys, refractory alloys, cermets, etc.). It connects the annular collector with a part of the support shell and is made detachable. The cylinder seals the combustion chamber and the convection part of the boiler, and the rear end of the boiler seals the metal sheet with the outlet pipe for the combustion products.

In a more complex boiler design, external metal screen tubes connected by perforated membranes also wear a metal, collapsible, finned cylinder that serves as the heating surface of the air supplied to the burner device. The heated air flow moving under the casing (case) and washing the external surfaces of the boiler is heat-insulated, and the membranes are perforated to heat the collapsible cylinder (heating surface of the air heater) and to heat the external heat-exchange screen tubes from the outside (to create a temperature field in the space between the finned cylinder and membranes). Instead K.V.P. installation of a built-in economizer is possible.

The boiler has a “span” diagram of the movement of combustion products (the term “span” is taken from the “Manual of the Operator of Gasified Boilers”. Edited by E. Stolpner. Leningrad, “Nedra”, 1988., p. 216, 7th line from the top) without turns, because exhaust gases from the combustion chamber move rectilinearly in a single furnace-convection space of the boiler unit (boiler - furnace chamber - convective beam-gas duct with circuits located in it) to the condenser of water vapor (K.V.P.) contained in the combustion products, and vapors entering the furnace from a thermal deaerator.

The contact heat exchanger is connected to the cylindrical shell of the boiler plant by means of a flue pipe, the pipe passes through the heating surfaces of the air heater and the casing. It is the tail heating surface that stands after the boiler unit, namely, the contact heat exchanger that reduces the temperature of the flue gases from the boiler to 50 ° C, uses the internal heat of vaporization when condensing water vapor contained in the combustion products, and water vapor coming from the deaerator, and actually increases The gross efficiency of the boiler installation is up to 98% (“Combustion of gas and liquid fuels in low-power boilers”. A.N. Volikov, L., “Nedra”, 1989, pp. 67-68, Fig. 3.12.) (“ Gas and the efficiency of its use in the national economy ” , M.B.Ravich. M., "Nedra", 1987, p. 127, example 11, lowering the temperature of the products of complete combustion from 240 ° C to 150 ° C). Instead K.V.P. installation of a built-in economizer is possible.

The surface of the air heating in the boiler installation is the external finned cylindrical surface of the boiler, coming from the front of the boiler to the annular manifold and externally or internally passing through the support collapsible shell (bandage), as well as part of the flue pipe behind the shell, the shell with the cylinder for the exit of combustion products from the boiler, the front of the boiler (an external ribbed frontal collector), as well as the rear end of the boiler, which are located under the casing (case). Thus, the external finned surfaces of the boiler are located under the case, the surfaces of the boiler are washed by a stream of air, which is heated and supplied to the burner dust-gas-oil device. (Heated air is drawn in from the air heater when installing a blower fan on the burner).

The external finned surfaces of the boiler, installed in the air stream, are washed by it and are in contact with heating surfaces located in the space under the case. The design of such air heaters reduces the heat loss by the boiler to the environment -q5 to tenths and hundredths of a percent and on average increases the gross efficiency of the boiler by 1-4.5%. A portion of the combustion products from the boiler flue after the recovery circuits, about 5% of the total volume, which serves as the second environmental protection of the environment (atmosphere), is also fed to the inlet of the blower fan through the pipeline.

With such a U-shaped scheme for connecting heat exchange pipes to one boiler collector, a very effective sequential heating of the heat carrier in each separate section of one heat transfer pipe is obtained, since it (the pipe) is located in the radiation part of the boiler installation, which sharply increases heat removal from a unit of the heating surface (F _to m ² ) of the heat exchange pipe, and therefore increases the gross efficiency of the boiler. Moreover, the partitions installed in the sections of the collector through perforated windows (openings) can also control the volumetric passage (m ³ / h), the velocity of the coolant (m / s) both through separate heating surfaces of the boiler and the ring section collector itself. In the collapsible collector of the boiler, the partition walls of the collector are made collapsible and removable (screw, threaded, groove, lock joints of the partitions) and when the covers of the cylindrical collector are opened, its internal partitions are disassembled and removed.

The combined and bypass section of the cylindrical collector can be performed without an intermediate, annular or direct perforated partition to reduce the weight and hydraulic resistance of the collector as a whole. The coolant moving along the combined section of the collector comes from the same row of heat exchange pipes installed on the collector and enters the heat exchange pipes of the same row of collector pipes. In the bypass section (chamber) of the collector, the coolant passes from one row of heat transfer pipes to another row of heat transfer pipes located on different concentric circles of the collector. The location of the rear sections of the heat exchange pipes, the rear screens at the end of the combustion chamber (in a radiation-convective beam) is an effective way of heat recovery, since the pipes create a labyrinth movement of the combustion products in the beam, and each heat-exchange finned tube is washed by the flow of combustion products and also receives a radiation radiation from a torch of burner devices.

The heat transfer tubes of the boiler have free thermal expansion (elongation) due to bends in the support shell, since they are inserted into it about 150 mm before the fuel heating circuits are installed and about 1 m from its connection with the water vapor condenser pipe — a contact heat exchanger (private version .). Moreover, since the vapor of water vapor from the thermal deaerator is directed through the pipeline to the boiler furnace in order to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions (environmental protection), then ultimately this vapor of water vapor condenses in KVP, increasing the heat engineering efficiency of the boiler plant in General and not polluting the atmosphere.

In the manufacture of the boiler, when the longitudinal heat exchange pipes of the combustion chamber, connecting with the cylindrical frontal collector to the rear bends of the U-shaped pipe, are connected by membranes, the membranes are made with a slot (or perforation) so that there is a temperature field on the other, outer side of the heat exchange pipes and they (pipes) were heated by convection of combustion products, as well as to heat the finned surface of the cylinder from the collector to the rear end of the boiler.

The boiler can operate in a steam-heating mode without a process circuit. In this case, partial heat recovery is possible, when a part of the heated coolant is taken, for example, from a certain section of the annular collector, and the remaining part of the coolant moves further along the boiler heating surface and turns into steam.

The proposed boilers can be operated on sawdust, husk, with a gas and oil burner. When using pulverized and liquid fuels on the boiler, steam blowing of the heating surfaces of the boiler and radiation-convective beam with contours is provided.

The combustion chamber is completely shielded by heat transfer tubes with sequential three-stage heating of the heat carrier in each individual heat transfer tube. At the same time, there is no temperature sweep of the heat exchange tubes, there is a temperature compensation for the elongation of the heat exchange tubes during heating, there is the possibility of increasing the screen and convective surface of the boiler by increasing the number of ellipse loops, their different bending on a single heat transfer tube. Moreover, the torch of the burner devices is correctly formed in the cylindrical furnace, because the torch spreads over the volume of the combustion chamber at a distance of 100-150 mm from the finned screen and finned radiation-convective pipes, without touching their surface.

The loop pipes can be mounted on the collector in several rows, overlapping, in a checkerboard pattern.

Finning of the heat exchange tubes in the combustion chamber of the boiler is carried out in such a way that the end of the rib facing the combustion chamber has a temperature of about 1273 K to concentrate and increase the temperature field (radiation) of the combustion chamber and thereby intensify the combustion of fuel, replace the incendiary belt when burning pulverized coal , as well as to increase the transfer of heat from (fins) of the opposite end of the rib connected to the heat exchange tube.

A finned loop U-shaped pipe with three ellipses has a heating surface 9 times larger than one finned U-shaped simple pipe and, taking into account that in the loop pipes there is a sequential heating of the coolant in the combustion chamber, then the boiler gross efficiency, determined directly balance, will be significantly higher gross efficiency of boilers manufactured and in industrial operation.

The more sections in the proposed cylindrical finned frontal collector, the more saturated the boiler heating surface in the combustion chamber and the convection-radiation beam, the more intense the heating of the heat carrier by the boiler and, accordingly, the more rows of heat transfer pipes on the concentric circles of the collector. Moreover, the heated liquid coolant can be obtained of any parameters from any section of the collector by installing an outlet valve (gate valve, valve) on the cover of this section to select the coolant.

The gross efficiency of the proposed boiler cannot be determined and compared according to the utilization method for determining the efficiency of M.B. Ravich, because the recycling method does not take into account the radiation heat received by the coolant in the furnace, T _radiation (in this case, q5 is determined graphically)

and only reflects a decrease in the temperature of the combustion products behind the boiler and its convective surfaces (utilization of the flow); and q5 are very small, because Heat losses to the environment by the proposed boiler are not transferred to the boiler's insulation, but to the air flow entering the burner devices, and therefore, the efficiency of such boilers should be determined only by direct balance, i.e. to generate thermal energy by the boiler through a heat meter and other instrument systems.

One of the main technical characteristics of the boiler is its heating surface (F _to · m ² ), which is measured along the gas side, and the larger the radiation heating surface, the more economical and efficient the boiler. It is precisely this characteristic that meets the proposed boiler design in relation to other types of boilers. The universality of the proposed boilers lies in the fact that they can practically operate on any type of fuel (but not layered fuel combustion) and the thermal power of such boilers can range from 100 kW to 1000 MW.

The annular collector has emptying lines for the boiler and is equipped with safety valves (not shown in the graphic part).

On the collector can be installed (connected with its sections) heat transfer pipes with one bend (large radius) and U-shaped heat transfer pipes with fins, membranes, studding, loop.

The proposed boiler has the highest velocity of the coolant in the pipes (2.2 m / s), as well as the intensity of heating of the coolant relative to those produced.

Based on studies by the American Gas Association (AHA), the section “Heat Transfer in a Boiler” p. 8 follows: On the inside of the pipe, the heat transfer medium (water) tends to form a stable liquid film that adheres tightly to the surface of the pipe metal. It acts as thermal insulation and greatly complicates the transfer of heat from metal to water. If water moves in the pipe at a sufficient speed (2.134 m / s), then this stable film is “washed off” by the stream, and the process of heat transfer to water increases significantly. Moreover, each square centimeter of the surface of the boiler pipe takes 4-10 times more heat than the square centimeter of the heating surface of the boiler with the movement of the coolant at a speed below 2 m / s or in boilers with natural circulation - low flow rates of the coolant in the pipes. Based on the foregoing, the velocity of the coolant in the heat transfer pipes of the proposed cylindrical boilers is assumed to be 2.2 m / s.

As a coolant in the proposed boilers can be used not only liquid media, but also gases. In this embodiment, the proposed small-sized compact boiler is considered as a high-temperature recuperative heat exchanger, which allows using the designs of such boilers not only for heating liquid media (water), but also gases (for example, air, nitrogen, methane) for new technologies with better use of thermal energy from combusted fuel.

Figure 1 shows a steam boiler with a vertical water tube boiler and contact heat exchanger (K. T.);

figure 2 shows the annular finned sectional collector;

figure 3 shows a cross section of a cylindrical manifold of a boiler plant in the plane I-I;

figure 4 shows a collector that has more than 4 sections;

figure 5 shows a collector with three rows of heat transfer pipes arranged in a checkerboard pattern on a tube board (boards);

in Fig.6 shows a multifunctional frontal (with a horizontal arrangement of the boiler) with releases sectional collector of the boiler;

7 shows the outer row of pipes of a 4-row manifold with a bypass chamber;

on Fig shows a sectional collector, in the construction of which part of the heat exchange pipes is staggered on its outer side:

Figures 9 and 10 explain the arrangement and operation of the spring blast valve;

11 shows an enlarged heating surface of one section of a heat transfer pipe of a radiation convection beam of a boiler unit;

12 shows two adjacent heat exchange loop pipes;

on Fig shows a collapsible radiation-convective part of the heat transfer pipe located at the end of the combustion chamber;

on Fig and 15 shows a section of a collapsible heat transfer tube, which is located in a radiation-convection beam;

on Fig presents in section one part of a section of an annular collapsible finned collector;

Fig. 17 shows the fastening of the threaded ends of the heat exchanger pipe to the tube plate with a thrust washer and an anti-corrosion nut located inside the collector section;

on Fig shows a heat transfer pipe with a thread at the end;

Fig.19 shows a fitting;

in Fig.20 shows a collapsible heat transfer shell with a support device;

on Fig shows a heat transfer two-support collapsible half-shell;

on Fig shows a looped finned heat exchange pipe installed in the combustion chamber;

Fig.23 shows a boiler with a loop heat exchange pipe;

on Fig shows the fastening of one end of the heat exchange pipe in a glass;

on Fig shows a coil heat exchange pipe installed in the combustion chamber of the boiler;

on Fig schematically shows a water tube boiler plant with a built-in economizer;

on Fig shows the partition of the collector.

The boiler installation contains a vertical shielded water tube boiler with a fully shielded combustion chamber 1 with a lower arrangement of a section collector 3 having fins 2 (lower supports of the boiler and KT - contact heat exchanger are not shown). The collapsible boiler has four supports connected to the lower collector, and the gas duct connecting the boiler to K.T. has fins. The contact heat exchanger is mounted on a collection tank. The gas-oil burner device - D is combined with the blower fan 4, and the heated air of the boiler’s air heater enters the suction pipe of the burner fan from under the hood 5, and the line of the exhaust gas recirculation pipe 6 passing under the boiler cover is also connected to the fan intake pipe a pipeline 7 for evaporating water vapor from a deaerator tank (partially shown in FIG. 1). The sectional collector in this particular case has an inlet pipe 8 and an outlet pipe 9 for the heated coolant from the boiler (shown by arrows).

A vertical cylindrical water tube boiler has five circuits, the first technological circuit in order to heat the coolant (water) in the deaerator tank for thermal deaeration of water consists of an internal annular truncated collector 10, made with fins and a vertical wall discharged into the combustion chamber, the truncated collector is perforated from one the sides, and on the opposite side, the truncated collector 10 is connected to its heat exchange pipe system 11, and the coil pipe finned circuits 12-13 heating fuels (liquid, ha zoobrazny) are located behind the radiation convective part (beam) of the boiler. The boiler in this embodiment has double-row checkerboard shielding according to the location of longitudinal longitudinal screens (along the cylindrical combustion chamber) of the heat exchange pipes 14, 15 in the furnace chamber 1 of the boiler (the pipes on the collector are installed in such a way that radiation from the torch of the burner does not enter the heat exchange surface of the air heating )

On the outer screen side lower and upper pipes of the cylindrical combustion chamber of the boiler (when it is horizontal) and the furnace rear shields (radiation-convective bundle of boiler pipes), a heat-exchange collapsible finned cylindrical removable air heating surface is put on, which is connected with flanges and bolts with nuts to ring collector 3.

The surface of the air heater (main) is indicated by the number 16, because in Fig. 1, the cylindrical surface of the heater 16 merges with the external longitudinal screen vertical (Fig. 1) pipes of the boiler 15, because the thickness of the cylindrical surface for better heat transfer and to reduce the metal consumption of the boiler does not exceed 2-3 mm, the cylindrical surface 16 at the end opposite to the collector 3 it is sealed with a round sheet of metal connected to a cylindrical surface 16 (this is a particular case when a cylindrical single-collector boiler is arranged with a contact heat exchanger), and in its turn s seals the combustion chamber and a flue of the boiler and in the combustion chamber has explosive spring valve, which are pressed by springs to the windows available on the cylindrical surface 16, heating the air. Moreover, an explosive valve 17 is installed on the upper finned round heat-exchanging metal sheet 2 of the gas duct (not marked), which seals the gas duct. Combustion products through the window located in the heating surface of the air heater 16, to which the gas duct of the boiler and the CT connects, are turned into the gas duct connecting the boiler room installation with contact heat exchanger - shown by a large arrow.

The casing (case) of the boiler is indicated by the number 5, and the numbers 18-19 indicate the fourth and fifth two-stage (coil, loop) heating medium circuits located in the flues in front of the inlet and outlet pipes of the combustion products from K.T. The one-way cylindrical gas duct of the boiler installation is closed by the surface of the air heater 16, in turn, the finned cylindrical surface 16 is connected to the round sheet, closing the boiler tube system and sealing the longitudinal, lower, upper and side parts of the combustion chamber and convection beam from the section collector 3 almost until the air intake, entering combustion through an opening located above the boiler installation in the casing (indicated by two parallel arrows). A round finned 2 metal sheet (a round end wall of the gas duct) that seals the combustion chamber and the cylindrical gas duct of the boiler installation from the rear end is the air heating surface, as well as the explosive valve 17 mounted on it. Large arrows indicate the movement of combustion products.

The casing 5, bounding the heating surface of the air heater, also has a window through which a duct passes connecting the boiler to the CT.

The vertical longitudinal screen heat exchange tubes of the first 14 and second 15 rows of the combustion chamber should be installed on the collector in a checkerboard pattern, as given in the description of the boiler design and in the drawing diagram of FIG. 1, since with a staggered arrangement of heat-exchanging screen tubes 14, 15, heat removal from the furnace chamber of the boiler increases significantly and, accordingly, the boiler generates thermal energy by increasing the radiation surface of the heating chamber of the boiler unit, moreover, chessboard (tight) screening of the furnace chamber protects the cylindrical finned heating surface 16 of the air heater from direct hit of the radiation (radiation) energy of the torch of the burner devices and reduces the surface temperature to the desired design parameters trov. All the proposed collectors of these types of boilers with double connection of heat-exchanging finned tubes to the tube board (boards) of one collector, but to different sections (chambers) of this collector, are removable in various ways: for example, using a nut (nuts) with thread. The collector, as a rule, is collapsible or at least with removable covers and partitions, which allows disassembling the pipe system of all types of cylindrical boiler plants with one collector and replacing the heat exchange pipes or each individual pipe. It is not excluded that the collector may be non-separable, and the heat exchange pipes are non-removable, i.e. the collector and the connection of heat exchange pipes to it can be made blind - in welding.

The collector has three sections (chambers) with two straight and one half-ring partitions; (in Fig. 2, the partitions are marked with the letter P), the inlet section 20 (where the heated coolant enters), the bypass section (chamber) 21, where the coolant from the outer screen row of heat transfer tubes enters the inner row of screen heat transfer tubes and through it the already heated coolant enters into the outlet heated section 22 of the heated coolant and through the outlet 23 the heated coolant is sent to the heating network to the consumer, and part of the coolant also from section 22 enters the "hollow ring" process circuit ( otorrhea combined with the collector) via a perforated, partially annular partition and then to its loop pipe system 11 (arrow). All openings of the pipe grids of the collectors are marked with the letter O, the heat transfer pipes of the boiler are fixed in the holes.

The release of the partitions 24 was made in order to increase the heat transfer to the heat carrier circulating in the sectional collector and the circuit (truncated hollow ring), the coolant heated in the circuit 11 to the gaseous medium enters the thermal deaerator and blows off the heating surfaces of the radiation-convection beam and the boiler plant circuits. The ends of the heat exchanger tubes 25 are mounted on the tube sheet and secured with it using a nut 26 with one-way fastening on the inside of the collector section (in this embodiment, the two ends of the heat exchanger tube have a thread onto which the nuts 26 are screwed), and with the ends of the heat exchanger tubes 25 resting in the tube grid serves as "rolling" 27 - a local increase in the diameter of the heat exchanger pipe. The outlet is the outlet of the partition 10-15 mm higher than the tube plates and the collector covers for a greater perception of thermal energy by the partition and the transfer of this thermal energy to the coolant and the air flow (the outlet is an additional ribbing).

The ring collectors of boiler plants have a drain line, through which both the collectors themselves and the boiler as a whole are emptied from the coolant. Through the drain line of the collector and the air vent before preserving the boiler, it is possible to purge the pipe system of the boiler and the collector itself with air or an inert non-explosive gas. The manifold has special nozzles where safety valves, devices and an air vent are used as needed, which is used when filling the boiler with coolant.

The collector shown in figure 4 has more than 4 sections (chambers), and the inlet section 28 has an inlet pipe of a heated coolant, and the arrow shows the inlet of the coolant in the pipe, and the outlet of the coolant, fins, safety valves, air vent, drain valve , the devices in figure 4 are not shown. Section 29-30 - combined, in it the coolant enters from the heat exchange tubes of the outer row of section 29 into the heat exchange tubes of the outer row of the combined section 30, pipes of this row are located on one concentric circle of the annular collector. Section 35 is the outlet of the heated coolant from the boiler, while part of the coolant from section 35 enters the technological annular truncated circuit through the perforated inner annular partition of the collector (shown by arrows), and from the annular truncated circuit, the hollow ring the coolant enters the pipe system of circuit 11. Truncated the "hollow ring" is made with the release - finning. Technologically, the coolant moves, circulates, sequentially passing through the sections of the cylindrical collector -28-29-30-31-32-33-34-35, and section 31-32 is bypass, in which the coolant passes from heat-exchange longitudinal pipes of the outer row of the combustion chamber to heat-exchange longitudinal pipes of the inner row of the combustion chamber, where the temperature head is higher (counterflow). Section 28 is the outlet of the heated coolant to the consumer (pipe not shown) and the coolant inlet to the “truncated hollow ring” circuit and then to the pipe system of circuit 11.

Figure 5 shows a collector with three rows of heat transfer pipes arranged in a checkerboard pattern on a tube plate (boards) of a cylindrical collapsible collector. Moreover, the word “collapsible” collector means first of all that there are one or more tubular removable boards and removable collector covers, and the method of manufacturing the collector is not considered in this particular case. Each row of pipes on the manifold is shown (indicated through openings -0) partially - selectively. The collector refers to a technological liquid (special case) boiler with a heating medium temperature of up to 115 ° C, with an excess pressure of the heating medium in the boiler up to 7 kgf / cm ² . The liquid boiler does not have a heating medium heating circuit, because thermal deaeration of the heat carrier (for example, water) can be carried out in the deaerator tank from the temperature of the heat carrier in the range of 105 to 115 ° C at the outlet of the heat carrier from the boiler. The considered boiler can work with reduced parameters to 95 ° C as a “roof” in a closed heating network of a multi-storey building.

The movement of the coolant in the proposed cylindrical collector is distributed as follows. The heated coolant enters the inlet pipe (indicated by the arrow in FIG. 5) of the collector section 36. Further, the coolant moves sequentially along the heat exchange heating surfaces (pipes) of the boiler and sequentially passes through the heat exchange sections (chambers) of the cylindrical ring collector 36-37-38-39-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47. Moreover, the proposed collector contains combined sections (37-38) (41-42) (45-46) and bypass sections (39-40) (43'-44), in all collectors there is one principle and a coolant circulation mechanism, these are combined sections (chambers), bypass sections (chambers), through perforated partitions, and all sections (chambers), in turn, are connected in series by heat transfer pipes of the boiler unit, in this collector design.

The holes in the tube boards are marked with the letter O. FIG. 6 shows the proposed multifunctional frontal (with the horizontal position of the boiler unit) boiler manifold. The collector can be made in different ways and from different materials, for example, cast from silumin (cast iron), and on both sides finned covers (cover) are screwed onto it from the outside and pipe boards (board) from the inside (from the combustion chamber side) ), on which four rows of heat-exchange tubes — boiler heating surfaces — are installed and connected hermetically. This proposed ring collector is designed for once-through steam boilers. The coolant entering the collector enters the section (chamber) of the collector 48 and, moving alternately and sequentially through the heat transfer pipes of the boiler and sections (chambers) of the collector 48-49-50-51-52-53-54-55-56-57-58- 59-60-61-62-63, where in section 57 of the cylindrical collector, part of the coolant in the liquid phase is selected for heat supply, hot water - DHW and technological needs, and the remaining part of the coolant from section 57 passes through the subsequent system of heat transfer pipes with a higher temperature pressure in the boiler and call section Ktorov 58-59-60-61-62 and turns into steam. Section 62 (chamber) is a saturated or superheated steam outlet section (the outlet pipe in FIG. 6 is not shown) depending on the amount of heat transfer in the liquid phase from the collector section 57. For example, 70% of the coolant is taken in the liquid phase - 70 tons of water with t = 90 ° C and 30 tons of steam with t = 250 ° C from section 63 (30%). Section 57 is an intermediate fluid transfer section.

In Fig. 7, partially from the entire collector, only the outer row of pipes of the 4-row collector with the bypass chamber (71-72) of the collector is shown, the same as in Fig. 6, the only difference is that the number of sections (chambers) of the fourth the outer row of the heat exchange tubes of the collector is doubled, while the cylindrical collector may have one section or more.

For example: One coolant enters the collector and exits the collector with a higher temperature, but in the liquid phase. Another heat carrier enters the collector in the liquid phase (water), and leaves the collector in the form of superheated steam with a temperature of -573 K (300 ° C), etc. The remaining rows of installed heat exchange pipes are not shown on the collector (Fig. 7) (only the outer row of pipes (holes) of the boiler unit and partially bypass section-chamber (71-72) are shown.

Heat exchange pipes are installed in packages so that the parts of the pipes and package located in the radiation-convective beam lie in the same plane, shown by a dotted line and large arrows, which also show the sequence of movement of the coolant in sections (64-65-66-67-68-69 -70-71-72, etc.), part of the inner rows of pipes and sections in Fig.7 is not shown.

The proposed boilers with a large number of sections in the collector and, therefore, with multiple circulation of the coolant can be used to generate electricity at condensing power plants and thermal power plants. Not on all collectors, in the drawings, finning is shown, but in the description and in reality all the collectors and their elements - tube plates, covers, flat partitions, ring external and internal partitions have finning, outlets, can be studded, because on the one side of the collectors of these types a combustion chamber is located, and on the opposite side, the collector is the heating surface of the air heater and is washed by the flow of air entering (supplied) to the burner devices of the boiler.

In Fig. 7, heat exchange tubes connecting in series along the motion of the heat carrier sections of the proposed collector are installed in such a way that their parts (heat transfer tubes) located in the radiation-convective beam are collected in packages, and the packages are located “one after another” (after the first , to the last package) at any position of the boiler.

On Fig (drawing diagram) shows a sectional finned collector, in the construction of which part of the heat-exchange screen-convective pipes is staggered on the outer side (ring) forming an annular collector, which in fact is simultaneously an annular tube sheet (board ) Heat transfer pipes are also mounted on a flat tube sheet - the inner end of the same manifold. The heat exchange pipes form (mounted on the outer ring) a frontal double screen around the circumference, and this in turn increases the heating surfaces of the boiler, its efficiency and gross efficiency. Screen heat exchange tubes 15, 14 (in total, FIG. 8 shows three screen tubes 15 — two, 14 — one). The arrows on the pipes show the coolant movement (P in all collectors indicates a partition. 2 - internal annular ribbing of the collector and outlet of the partition - an annular tube board. 73 - studs (fasteners) that tighten the cover with the tube plate of the collapsible collector. 74 - external small forming ring of the collector .26 - threaded nuts securing the heat transfer pipes (thrust washers are welded on the heat transfer pipes - it will be described in more detail below, not shown here in Fig. 8. Manifold cover - 75. Coolant inlet pipe 8. Outlet pipe heated coolant 9. The nut tightening the cover with a flat pipe plate of the collector (fasteners) - 76.

In Fig.9 and Fig.10, the device and operation of the spring explosive valve located around the perimeter above the furnace part and the rear screens (radiation-convection beam of the boiler) are explained. The furnace and convection part of the boiler from the annular collector and after the boiler support structure (half-shell, shell) is closed by a folding finned 2 cylindrical surface 16 for heating air with flanging 77 (from one half of the cylindrical surface, the sheet is sealed to the outlet to seal the duct at the flanging position 77, consisting of of two halves fastened with fasteners.In the cylindrical surface of the air heating (gas duct) there are four windows 79 that are closed by spring (zone) valves 80 (encircling the side top, bottom and bottom the cylindrical surface of the gas duct when it is horizontal). The valves are made of heat-resistant flexible material - sheet metal. Through the flanging of the explosion valves at the edges (and also in the center between the windows) there are studs 81 with threads at the ends, on which under the nuts and the washers are put on springs 82 (springs of small size). The tension of the springs 82 is regulated by the nuts 83. When excessive pressure (explosion - “popping”) occurs in the combustion chamber, the springs 82 are compressed, and the valve rises through approx. and folding the cylindrical surface of the furnace and the flue gases exit the boiler in the air preheater space bounded by the casing and connected with the burner device and the atmosphere, wherein the spring-loaded and triggered explosive valve 17 (see FIG. Fig 1, the installation of the spring device on the explosive valve 17 is not shown).

11 shows an enlarged heating surface of one (conditionally second) section 84 of the heat exchange pipe — the radiation-convection beam of the boiler unit. The heating surface connects two screen longitudinal pipes of the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, oppositely located on the concentric circumference of the annular sectional collector, and with its loops is perpendicular to the moving flow of combustion products leaving the combustion chamber. The conditional section “two” of the heat exchange pipe is located in the gas duct so that the greatest aerodynamic resistance is created for the moving flow of combustion products, this is one of the ways to increase the heating surface of the radiation-convective beam and reduce the temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the boiler, and therefore, increase the efficiency gross boiler plant as a whole.

On Fig shows only two adjacent heat transfer loop pipes 85, they are identical and are installed in the combustion chamber of the boiler installation on one concentric circle of the annular collector. The ellipse-loops of the heat-exchange screen longitudinal pipes are overlapped and connected by heat-exchange bonds - fasteners 86, and the ellipse-loops on the heat-exchange pipe can be made one (one) or more, while the loop radiation screen heat-transfer pipe (pipes) is made with different bending radii.

13 shows a collapsible radiation-convective (second) part 87 of a heat exchange pipe located at the end of the boiler combustion chamber, which after bending is connected to the (conditionally first) section 88 of the longitudinal longitudinal pipe using a threaded, externally faceted sleeve 89 with two threads on the ends of the left and right, while the end of the screened longitudinal pipe (the first 88 section) and the end of the radiation-convective pipe (the second 87 section) are connected, similarly to the coupling 89, different threads are left and right, in addition to the coupling 89, the connection can occur five and locknuts, which is not shown in Figure 13.

Figs. 14 and 15 show a collapsible heat-exchange pipe - a second section 87, which is located in a radiation-convection beam (in the direction of the coolant), and the longitudinal longitudinal pipes 88 of the boiler combustion chamber are connected to the second section 87 (in the first case, Fig. 14 ) threaded metal squares, as in this case, there is a thread at all ends of the longitudinal screens and sections of the pipe 87 connecting them. A collapsible heat exchange pipe can be connected using flanges 91 (Fig. 15). All threads and connectors involved in the connections of the heat exchanger tubes can be coated with sealing, heat-resistant mastic, glue, water glass, enamels and resins. Cleaning of collapsible pipes in the boiler after disassembling can be done mechanically using a flexible steel cable with a cone, and in general, cleaning of the pipe system of the proposed boilers is provided by acid washing or washing with chelators. When sealing the flanges, soft, sealing washers made of metal (lead, aluminum, copper) are used, and the heat exchanger tube of the boiler can also be connected to the collector using flanges.

On Fig presents in section one part of the section of an annular collapsible finned collector, which can be extended (composed) to several annular sections with partitions, i.e. the collector can be manufactured, expanded and brought up to several annular sections with the location of the heat exchanger tubes on the concentric circles of the collector and can be identical to the collectors shown in figures 4-7.

Two annular partitions - P with wedge-shaped grooves have threaded rods 92, and the cover 94 and the tube board - About the collector section have holes for the studs 92 and are tightened with nuts 93.

The required density of the collector section 95 (chamber) is provided by wedge-shaped protrusions on the cover 94 and tube plate O (tube sheet — O) and wedge-shaped grooves in the partitions, for which there is a sealing gasket material for density in the grooves.

The collector has a fin 2 and heat exchange inlets (additional fin) on the side of the covers 94 and tube plates O.

On Fig shows the fastening of the threaded ends of the heat exchanger pipe 88 to the tube plate O using a thrust washer 96 and an anti-corrosion nut 93 located inside the section of the collector. The thrust washer 96 is connected to the steel heat exchange tubes by welding, and connected to copper heat exchanger tubes and the copper thrust washer 96 by soldering (solder) or the inside of the washer 96 is rolled into an annular groove on the heat exchanger pipe (not shown in Fig. 17). The thrust washer is also a heat exchange element of the boiler-boiler installation, as located in the combustion chamber, this is a kind of additional finning of the heat exchange pipe; on the other hand, fasteners (nut 93) are screwed onto the end of the heat exchanger pipe, where there is a thread, which presses the thrust washer 96 against the tube plate O, providing a reliable collapsible connection. Nut 93 must be made with a corrosion-resistant coating or with an anti-corrosion material (e.g. metal plastic).

On Fig shows (one end of the longitudinal section) the heat transfer pipe 88 with a thread on the end, its emphasis in the tube plate (not shown in Fig. 18) is a roll 97 (identical to the thrust washer 96), and the roll is a local increase in the diameter of the heat exchange pipes.

Fig. 19 shows a fitting (screw, fixture of the threaded end of the heat exchanger pipe to the tube plate), the fitting has an external thread 98, through which the fitting is screwed into the tube plate and an internal thread 99, through which the fitting is screwed onto the threaded end of the heat exchange pipe (screwing the fitting is performed simultaneously on two threads), thereby connecting the heat exchange pipe (two ends, two fittings) with the tube plate.

The fitting with the tube plate is in contact with the chamfer 100, providing density as a “valve with a seat”, while the fitting has a through hole through which coolant flows from the collector section into the heat transfer pipe or from the pipe (shown by two arrows), and the fitting is made of anti-corrosion material and when replacing the heat exchanger pipe must be unscrewed with a socket wrench, since the fitting head 101 is faceted.

In Fig.20 shows a collapsible heat transfer shell 102 with a support device 103 in the intermediate and rear part of the boiler installation, and shown part 87 (not all pipes) of the heat transfer pipes (the second section of the heat transfer pipe is conditional), and sections 87 of the heat transfer finned tubes pass through the center gas duct (heat transfer pipes are not collected in packages in sections) and receive thermal energy radiation and convective. Pipe view is a view of the boiler bundle (rear screens) in front of the circuits against the course of the movement of the combustion products.

In Fig.21 shows a heat transfer two-support collapsible (fasteners not shown) half-shell 104, in the lower part there is a sliding sheet of metal that slides around the shell, which is connected to the longitudinal pipes of the boiler and has the ability to move along the lower side of the collapsible shell of Fig.20 (sheet not shown) or half-shells (Fig. 21), thereby compensating for the temperature extension of the boiler pipe system, although in cylindrical water-tube boilers with loop, coil and bent heat exchange pipes, the temperature self-compensation is extended I of heat exchange tubes, in contrast to horizontal, fire tube and gas tube boilers with a rigid thermal design, high thermal resistance λ kcal / kg / δ m and a small radiation surface of heating relative to cylindrical water tube boilers with heat carrier movement in heat transfer tubes at a speed of 2.15 m / sec and therefore, the heat production by these boilers is almost 50% lower than in steel countercurrent water tube boilers. Hence, fuel economy of about 50% or more follows, but the gross efficiency of the boiler in such cases should be determined by direct balance (through the heat meter).

On Fig shows a looped finned heat transfer tube 14, which is installed in the combustion chamber of the proposed cylindrical water tube boiler, where the ends of the fins (ribs) facing the combustion chamber have a temperature of 1273 K.

On Fig shows a boiler with a loop (different bends) heat exchange tube 14, finned. The loops of the radiation-convective beam are perpendicular to the flow of combustion products (the flow is indicated by a large arrow), in this embodiment, the boiler has an additional frontal screen, as heat exchange pipes are connected to the external generatrix of the annular fin 2 collector, which in space can occupy any position.

On Fig shows the fastening of one end of the heat exchanger tube 14 in the glass 105 by pouring molten lead 106, the glass is attached to the tube plate O for welding, since in the drawings the tube plates have holes marked with the letter O, the tube plate designation should also be considered with the letter Oh, because there are no tube plate openings. The beaker 105 may also be connected to the tube plate O in various ways (for example, threaded, riveted, etc.).

On Fig shows a coil heat exchange pipe 107 installed in the combustion chamber of the boiler, while the pipe 107 has a fin, which is not shown in Fig.25, the pipe 107 is connected at two ends to the collector.

Fig.26 shows a schematic water tube boiler plant with a built-in economizer 108, a finned ring collector 3, a combustion chamber 1, burner devices G, a casing 5, screen tubes 14-15 with a radiation-convective beam 109, a finned ring heating surface of the heater 110, front and rear legs 103, small arrows indicate the movement of air flow. The input and output of the coolant, as well as the contours of the boiler installation in the drawing, scheme 26, the applicant is not shown.

On Fig shows a complex single partition - P, consisting of two flat and two half-ring partitions with a three-way movement of the coolant along the rows of pipes (1-2, 3-4, 5-6), separated by a partition.

The operation of the boiler unit is as follows.

Heated coolant from economizer 108 or circuits enters the heated manifold 3 into the inlet section, from the inlet section the coolant enters the pipe system of the boiler 14 and 15 and then enters the next heated section and then enters the pipe system of the boiler 14 and 15, passing all sections in turn collector 3 and the boiler pipe system, the coolant is directed to the consumer in the specified parameters in the form of hot water, saturated steam, superheated steam.

In the proposed designs of boilers with a higher temperature pressure between the heating and the heated medium Δ t = t1-t2, resulting from the design features of the combustion chamber of the boiler 1, the heat carrier is heated as follows. The incoming coolant begins to heat up in the inlet section (chamber) of the collector 3 finned on both sides, because the collector section from the inside is facing the combustion chamber 1, and on the other hand it is washed (under the casing) with heated air supplied to the burner device, then the coolant from the inlet section enters the heat transfer screen tubes 14 and 15 of the boiler. Then, the coolant enters the next heated section of the chamber of the cylindrical collector, and from the collector section the path of the coolant continues in the screen heat transfer pipes 14 and 15 (conditionally divided into three sections), thus, the coolant passes through all sections of the collector and heat transfer pipes 14, 15 of the boiler and comes to the outlet heated section of the cylindrical collector 3, from where the heated coolant from the outlet pipe is sent to the consumer. Heat-exchange pipes for sequential heating of the coolant are "conditionally" divided into three parts, regardless of their (pipes) geometric configuration.

The first part 88 of the pipe - in it, the coolant is heated in the section of the screen pipe located along the furnace chamber 1 of the boiler (regardless of its position), this is natural for any row of heat transfer pipes, then the coolant enters the second (conditional) section 87 of the screen pipe, located in radiatsnonno-convective beam - the end of the combustion chamber 1, where the second part of the heat transfer pipe transfers heat energy to the coolant not only by radiation from the torch of the burner device, but also by convection (washing) from the flow of moving products such as are for fuel combustion, the coolant then enters the (suspended) a third portion of the heat exchange tubes, which also applies to the longitudinal screen tube disposed along the boiler combustion chamber contrary (arbitrarily) the first portion of the heat exchange tube longitudinal screen; the third section, like the first pipe section, is located along the combustion chamber and the path of propagation of the torch and the movement of combustion products.

The proposed compact design of cylindrical boilers can be used for an individual building heating system, the so-called "roof boiler", while copper heat transfer pipes must be installed in roof boilers, since the thermal conductivity of copper pipes is seven times higher than that of ordinary steel boiler heat transfer pipes therefore, the heat production by the boiler increases by approximately the same amount.

In the proposed boiler plants, the bulk of the heat is generated due to radiation energy from the torch of combusted fuel in the finned tube furnace of the boiler with a large active radiation heating surface, while the reduction in heat loss - q5 by the combustion chamber and the convection part of the boiler is due to heating of the air supplied to burner devices, and efficient heating of the heat carrier is due to a higher temperature head between the heating and heated media in each heat transfer t Ube.

It is possible to install rectangular sectional collectors for the proposed water tube boilers, but in this embodiment, the boiler combustion chamber and the boiler itself take the form of a rectangle, which leads to a temperature scan of the heat exchange screen tubes in the boiler furnace, and in this case, a cylindrical shielded furnace chamber is preferable and more efficient. than a rectangular combustion chamber

Boiler plants (boiler, burners, air heater) can be operated without any type of economizers, because Utilization of combustion products (lowering the temperature of the flue gas behind the boiler) in this embodiment is partially carried out by a convection beam and loop loops for heating the coolant and fuels, as well as the first recuperative pipe stage for heating the air.

The proposed countercurrent cylindrical designs of boilers with radiation-convective beams at the end of the combustion chamber and one finned ring sectional collector, equipped with blower burners, economizers, circuits, air heaters, made entirely of copper with a thermal conductivity coefficient λ = 390 W / (mK) and coolant speed in heat transfer pipes V = 2.2 m / s, they will be several orders of magnitude more efficient than boilers that generate thermal energy at thermal power plants, namely 5 times or more.

Claims (20)

1. A cylindrical water-tube steam boiler installation comprising a cylindrical boiler with an internal cylindrical shielded combustion chamber located in the center of the boiler, a burner device, an air heater, adjustable heating circuits for heat carrier and fuels, a blower fan, one or more rows of heat transfer pipes, an annular cylindrical sectional heated collector and an economizer, while the boiler installation can be located in space obliquely, horizontally, vertically, distinguishing The fact that the boiler installation is collapsible and may additionally contain burners, the boiler has one flue gas passage, the heat exchangers are removable, the economizer is made contact, and the finned heat exchangers are made U-shaped or serpentine and form a radiation-convection beam at the end of the combustion chamber and their ends are located on concentric circles of a cylindrical collector that has supports, while the collector has one or more coolant inlet and outlet pipes, and one or more in heat transfer tubes connected to different sections of the collector. 2. The boiler installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer pipes of the boiler are removable from a collapsible collector. 3. The boiler plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a regenerative radiation-convective economizer. 4. The boiler plant according to claim 3, characterized in that it is made of non-ferrous metals and their alloys. 5. The boiler installation according to claim 4, characterized in that it is protected by a layer of anticorrosive material. 6. The boiler plant according to claim 5, characterized in that it is made of an anticorrosive material. 7. The boiler plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a smoke exhauster. 8. A cylindrical water-tube steam boiler installation comprising a cylindrical boiler with an internal cylindrical, shielded, combustion chamber located in the center of the boiler, a burner device, an air heater, a frontal sectional ring heated manifold, a blower fan, a heating medium heating circuit, longitudinal heat exchange pipes located in the furnace the chamber and the convective part of the boiler, while the gas density of the combustion chamber is ensured either by heat exchange membranes, connecting heat exchanging pipes, or a heat-exchanging cylindrical surface, moreover, the boiler installation can be located in space obliquely, horizontally, vertically, characterized in that the combustion chamber is single-flow according to the movement of combustion products, the heat exchange pipes are assembled at the end of the combustion chamber in packages of a radiation-convective tube bundle, and the heat transfer membranes, as well as the heat transfer cylindrical surface, which seals the combustion chamber and the convective part of the boiler, reach the front collector, while The heat exchange tubes are connected to different sections of the collector and connected to the outer ring of the collector; the collector also has outlet pipes for selecting the coolant, from which at the same time it is possible to select the coolant of several parameters - heated water for heating and hot water supply, saturated and superheated steam for thermal deaeration of the coolant and for its own and technological needs of production, in addition, the boiler installation is counter-current relative to the temperature head of the combustion chamber, has one and more supporting devices, and the rear end of the combustion chamber serves as part of the heating surface of the air heater together with the exhaust pipe, the boiler and its heat transfer pipes are made with sequential heating of the coolant and its speed in the heat transfer pipes of 2.15 m / s and, in addition, the boiler plant may additionally contain burner devices, and can operate both under pressurization and with balanced draft. 9. The boiler installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a regenerative economizer. 10. The boiler installation according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the heat exchanging pipes of the boiler have fins, are studded, made fin, such as a snake, looped, coil. 11. The boiler installation according to claim 7, characterized in that it has a frontal tube screen with one or more rows of heat transfer pipes connected to the outer ring of the collector. 12. The boiler installation according to claim 11, characterized in that it is made of non-ferrous metals or their alloys. 13. The boiler installation according to item 12, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a smoke exhauster. 14. The boiler installation according to item 13, characterized in that it is protected by a layer of anticorrosive material. 15. The boiler installation according to item 13, characterized in that it is made of anticorrosive material. 16. A multi-pass through the heat carrier heated ring collector of the boiler, having sections that are formed by partitions, both blind and perforated, one or more front covers and one or more tube plates, on which the heat transfer tubes of the boiler are fixed, characterized in that it has fins in this case, part of the partitions is made flat, and part of the partitions is made as a ring or part of a ring, the ends of the heat exchange tubes are connected to different sections and to the outer ring of the collector, the sections have outlet pipes for heat transfer medium and ensure heating, circulation, distribution of the heat transfer medium along the boiler heating surfaces and the direction of the heat transfer medium to the steam circuit, in addition, the external finned front side of the collector is part of the heating surface of the air heater, one or more burner devices are fixed to the collector, and the collector is in space can be located obliquely, horizontally, vertically and made collapsible. 17. The annular collector according to clause 16, wherein the partitions are made with the release and are heat exchange elements of the collector. 18. The annular collector according to claim 17, characterized in that it is made of non-ferrous metals or their alloys. 19. The annular collector according to claim 18, characterized in that it is protected by a layer of anticorrosive material. 20. The annular collector according to claim 18, characterized in that it is made of an anticorrosive material.

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