RU2146790C1 - Water-tube water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: boiler houses. SUBSTANCE: boiler has burner, cylindrical casing with inlet and outlet pipe connections for medium being heated, furnace, and convective heating surfaces made of straight horizontal tubes whose ends enter vertical annular transfer headers. Internal transverse partitions are mounted between holes for welding-in heat-transfer tubes either side of water inlet pipe connection located at bottom of one of annular headers; other annular header coupled with the former through heat-transfer tubes accommodates opposing internal transverse partitions arranged in staggered manner for multiple-pass reciprocating and upward-horizontal flow of water at speed preventing surface water boiling up to water outlet pipe connection located on top of outlet annular header. Downward water flow is also made impossible. EFFECT: improved reliability and extended service life of boiler. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a power system and may find application in boilers of heating boiler rooms.

Known hot-water fire-tube and water-tube boilers, hereinafter referred to as the "boiler", containing a burner, a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging heated water, a firebox and convective heating surfaces from straight heat-exchanging pipes entering the openings of the fire-tube boilers into the openings tube sheets, and in water tube boilers to bypass ring collectors with removable covers or hatches [1]
The disadvantages of the known boilers are the lack of access to the heat exchange heating surfaces from the water side in the fire tube boilers, and the relatively low reliability and short duration of the operation of the heat exchange tubes in the tube heat boilers at the nominal heat output due to intensive scale deposits, excessive overheating and subsequent destruction resulting from low circulating speeds water.

 The closest prototype to the proposed invention is a hot water boiler of the type KVG manufactured at Belenergomash OJSC, containing a burner, a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging heated water, a firebox and convective heating surfaces from pipes vertically installed with ends in the bypass ring installed inside the boiler body collectors with removable covers or hatches [2].

 The disadvantage of this boiler is the low reliability and short duration of the heat transfer pipes at the rated heat output of the boiler due to the surface boiling of water in the pipes at low speeds of circulating water in them, accompanied by intense scale deposits with poor heat transfer, overheating of the metal and destruction of the pipe walls. The movement of water in the heat transfer pipes of KVG boilers with low speeds occurs because cold water is supplied to the lower ring collector and distributed simultaneously to all heat transfer pipes, passes through them immediately and is discharged from the upper ring collector. The installation of internal transverse partitions in the annular collectors in a checkerboard pattern, although it increases the speed of the circulating water, however, it can lead to problems of air removal or drainage of water from all sections of the boiler. In KVG boilers, the burner is located on top of the boiler, while its maintenance is difficult.

 In addition, in the KVG boilers, a gas window for the exit of flue gases from the furnace to the convective heating surface is located at the place of water exit from the heat exchange pipes, which creates the conditions for surface boiling of water and intensive overgrowth of pipes by scale deposits, their overheating and failure.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and duration of the heat transfer pipes of the boiler.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a water-heating boiler containing a burner, a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging heated water, a firebox and convective heating surfaces from straight heat-exchange tubes placed inside the boiler body, entering their ends into the bypass ring collectors with removable covers or hatches , the burner is located on the side of the boiler, and all heat transfer pipes are placed in a horizontal plane, the annular collectors are arranged vertically, for continuous horizontal lifting In order to move water from bottom to top, a water supply pipe is located at the bottom of one of the annular collectors, on both sides of which there are internal transverse partitions between the holes for welded heat-exchange pipes, and in the articulated pipes of the other annular collector, counter-mounted internal transverse partitions are staggered for multi-way reciprocating movement of water with speeds guaranteeing the absence of surface boiling of water to the water outlet pipe, stir at the top of the output ring collector.

 In addition, in the claimed object, the gas window for the exit of flue gases from the furnace to the convective heating surface is located centrally in the lower part of the furnace, where the coldest water and the largest heat loads enter the placed heat exchange pipes, and the gas exit window for removing flue gases from the boiler is located in the upper side of the cylindrical body of the boiler, where the temperature of the heated water in the heat transfer tubes is the highest and the heat loads are the smallest.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the boiler body.

 In FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the tubular part of the boiler.

 In FIG. 3 shows the circulation circuit of the boiler in an isometric image.

 The boiler contains a burner 1 mounted horizontally on the side of the boiler, a horizontally arranged cylindrical body of the boiler 2 with nozzles for supply 3 and outlet 4, a furnace 5 and convective heating surfaces 6 made of straight heat-exchange pipes. All heat transfer pipes of the furnace and convective heating surface enter their ends into the openings of the bypass annular collectors 7.8, closed on the back with removable covers 9 or hatches not shown in these drawings. The heat exchange tubes of the furnace 5 along the perimeter have fins 10 welded in gaps along the entire length of the pipes, except for the gas window 11 for the exit of flue gases from the furnace to the convective heating surface. The same fins can also be welded to the outer heat transfer tubes of the convective surface to limit the convective duct. To increase the heating surface of the boiler, part of the convective heating surfaces can be made of finned heat exchanger tubes 12. Outside the boiler, in the embrasure of the burner, and on the opposite end side of the furnace, thermal insulation and lining of the boiler are carried out 13. In the inlet ring collector 7 on both sides of the supply pipe of water 3, internal transverse partitions 14 are installed between the openings for welded pipes, and in the other annular manifold 8 connected to it by heat exchange tubes, counter internal pepper walls 15 between the holes for the welded pipes also on both sides of the parallel streams of water. Further, the internal transverse partitions 14 and 15 are alternately staggered in the bypass manifolds 7 and 8 to create a continuous reciprocating and horizontal-lifting movement of water sequentially across all heat transfer pipes with calculated water velocities guaranteeing the absence of surface boiling, determined by the method [3 ]. In the lower corner of the internal transverse partitions there are small through holes 16 for better drainage of water from the boiler. An outlet gas window 17 for removing flue gases from the boiler is located in the upper side of the cylindrical body of the boiler.

 The boiler operates as follows. Cold water is supplied through the water supply pipe 3 to the lower part of the annular collector 7 and is distributed in parallel flows through the heat-exchange pipes of the first stroke, welded into its openings up to the internal partitions 14, and through them will enter the articulated other bypass ring collector 8. Then two in parallel flows, water is distributed through the heat exchange tubes of the 2nd stroke up to the oncoming internal transverse partitions 15 and flows through them again into the annular collector 7 with the following set of internal transverse X partitions. Thus, sequentially heated water with horizontal lifting (horizontal in heat transfer pipes and lifting in ring collectors) and reciprocating movement passes through all the heat transfer pipes of the boiler with design speeds determined by the passage section of the water channels, guaranteeing the absence of surface boiling. After the last stroke of the heated water, both parallel flows are combined into one and in the outlet section of one of the annular collectors is sent to the consumer through the water outlet 4.

 After combustion of the fuel from the furnace 5, the flue gases are directed to the gas window 11 located in the lower part of the furnace and enter 2 parallel gas flows into the concentric convective gas duct of the boiler with convective heating surfaces 6, consisting of smooth heat exchange pipes, pipes with fins and finned heat-exchange pipes 12. Rising upward in two parallel streams, the flue gases on the upper generatrix of the boiler are collected in one stream and leave the boiler through the gas outlet window 17.

 So, in the claimed boiler, a horizontally mounted burner can significantly simplify its maintenance. Due to the placement of heat exchange tubes in a horizontal plane, as well as the alternate installation of internal transverse partitions in ring collectors in a staggered manner, the heated water in the boiler performs horizontal-lifting and reciprocating movement along its heat-exchanging pipes with speeds guaranteeing the absence of surface boiling, and in the boiler completely There are no areas with a downward movement of water. At the same time, a more reliable and long-term operation of the boiler as a whole is achieved, including at nominal heat output, at the same time, the industrial advantage of manufacturing the boiler from straight pipes and the possibility of access for inspection and repair of any heat transfer pipe from the water side remain.

 In addition, the reliability and duration of operation of the boiler as a whole increases due to relaxation of the heat loads of the boiler when the coldest water is supplied to the most heat-stressed part of the boiler, which is the gas window for the exit of flue gases from the furnace to the convective surface, and the exit of hot water is carried out from the less heat-stressed parts of the boiler where the outlet gas window for removing flue gases from the boiler is located.

Sources of information
1. Steam and hot water boilers for industrial utilities. : Industry Directory. -M.: Publishing house TsNIITEI heavy material. 1996, p. 29-33.

 2. Boilers and boiler plants for industrial and municipal energy. Branch catalog. -M.: Publishing house TsNIITEI heavmash. 1998, p. 38-39.

 3. Saraf B. A. To the calculation of the reliability of low-power hot water boilers. Industrial Energy, N 8, 1978, p. 47-48.

Claims (2)

 1. A water-tube boiler containing a burner, a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging heated water, a fire chamber and convective heating surfaces from straight heat-exchange pipes placed at their ends into the bypass annular collectors with removable covers or hatches, characterized in that the burner is located on the side of the boiler, and all heat transfer pipes are placed in a horizontal plane, the bypass ring collectors are located vertically for continuous horizontal volumetric movement of water from the bottom up, the water supply pipe is located at the bottom of one of the ring collectors, on both sides of which there are internal transverse partitions between the openings for the welded heat transfer tubes, and in the articulated pipes of the other ring collector there are counter internal transverse partitions in a checkerboard pattern for multi-way reciprocating and horizontal-lifting water movement with speeds guaranteeing the absence of surface boiling water Before the drainage pipe disposed above the annular output collector.  2. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas window for the exit of flue gases from the furnace to the convection heating surface is centrally located in the lower part of the furnace, and the gas exit window for removing flue gases from the boiler is located in the upper side of the cylindrical body of the boiler.

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