Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
  • A61K35/74—Bacteria
  • A61K35/748—Cyanobacteria, i.e. blue-green bacteria or blue-green algae, e.g. spirulina
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
  • A61K36/899—Poaceae or Gramineae (Grass family), e.g. bamboo, corn or sugar cane
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
  • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions comprising spirulins of the Arthrospira sp. LONAR and Arthrospira sp. PARACAS, may have levels of some compounds, especially very high phycocyanin.
• Spirulina are filamentous cyanobacteria that belong to the genus Arthrospira or Spirulina. They are microscopic photosynthetic algae that grow naturally in the alkaline waters of some lakes in the intertropical zone.
• spirulina One of the strengths of spirulina is to grow in low to high saline water, and alkaline, that is to say in conditions where the growth of other microorganisms is limited. As a result, homogeneous, uncontaminated cultures can be fairly easily obtained over relatively short periods of time.
• Spirulina Another advantage of Spirulina is related to the good yield of the crops. It can be expected, for example, to harvest after 50 days, 9 kg of dry matter from a gram of dry spirulina seed, under standard culture conditions, ie in a basin 15 cm deep, with water at 32 ° C, a pH of about 9 -10 and a sunshine of 16 hours. Since more than half of the dry mass of a spirulina is made up of proteins, the yield of proteins obtained, with a comparable surface area, is 20 times that of a soybean field [Jourdan JP, Grow your Spirulina].
• Spirulina comes in the form of a dark green paste, which can be consumed fresh on site or dehydrated.
• the resulting powder has a salty taste. It can then be preserved and incorporated into different foods as a dietary supplement.
• Spirulina has been the subject of exhaustive toxicological studies in light of which it is possible to affirm its perfect safety.
• Spirulina mixed with a basic diet, can overcome moderate to acute malnutrition.
• a child suffering from Kwashiorkor disease (Vitamin B12 deficiency) can be re-established by giving him a spoon a day of spirulina for one month.
• Particularly interesting contents include: iron particularly bio-available, so directly absorbable, vitamin B9, or folic acid, which participates in the fixation of iron and muscle anabolism, branched amino acids - BCAA's - Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, particularly sought after for muscle mass gain, - vitamins B1, B6 and B12, whose role is essential for both preparation and exercise recovery, fat soluble vitamins D, E, A and especially provitamin A, the beta carotene that eliminates the risk of overdose, metals (in non-toxic proportions): Selenium, Copper, Magnesium, Manganese.
• SOD Super Oxyde Dismutase
• linolenic and di-homo-gamma linolenic acids intake is essential for the body
• phycocyanin the main photosynthetic pigment of spirulins with antioxidant properties.
• Phycocyanin is a 332 kd phycobiliprotein closely related in its structure to human bile pigments, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that phycocyanin allows the animal to inhibit the formation of leukotrienes B4, which are highly inflammatory eicosanoid metabolites, as well as the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase, enzymes associated with inflammatory processes [Romay C. et al., Inflamm. Res., 1998, 47 (1): 36-41].
• Phycocyanin is, moreover, used as a food colorant (peak of absorption in the visible at 620 nm) and as a molecular biology reagent for the detection of proteins and more particularly antibodies [Boussiba, S. and Richmond AE , C-Phycocyanins as a storage protein in the green-blue algae Spirulina platensis, 1980, Arch. Microbiol. 125: 143-147].
• SOD super oxide dismutase
• SOD is an enzyme that has the ability to inactivate superoxide ions generated by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase or cytochrome oxidase.
• SOD binds superoxide ions to hydrogen ions to produce less toxic molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
• SOD has a role of detoxification, but also a protective role vis-à-vis oxidation reactions that may occur in the context of infections or tumor formation.
• Di-homo-gamma linolenic and gamma linolenic acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids from the omega-6 family. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for the maintenance of membranes in all organs of the human body. As a result, they take an essential part in all the biological functions of the human body.
• Nutritional supplementation studies show that spirulina improves in many ways the symptoms of many diseases [Belay, A., Ota, Y. et al. Current Knowledge on Potential Health Benefits of Spirulina, Journal of Applied Phycology, 1993, 5: 235-241]. In particular, it reduces anemia, cholesterol levels, the risk of hypertension, protect the body against free radicals and stimulates the immune system, especially in case of viral attacks.
• a spirulina composition is of excellent quality when it comprises about 10% by dry weight of phycocyanin a superoxide dismutase activity of about 30 to 40,000 IU per 100g of dried spirulina, a gamma linoleic acid content of about 10%, and a di-homo-gamma linolenic acid of about 0.5%.
• spirulina is obtained, for example, using the strain
• Arthrospira pacifica in industrial production units located in the United States [Henrikson, R., Earth Food Spirulina, 1989, Ronore Enterprises Inc.].
• the most commonly cultivated spirulina strains are Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima, which do not provide, in industrial mode, spirulina of equivalent quality.
• Morphological differences may occur depending on the species of Spirulina cultivated.
• the filaments of spirulines assume a more or less spiral appearance, reflecting differences in adaptation from one species to another, to the conditions of culture.
• some strains are said to have a more or less typical morphology.
• a strain such as Arthrospira sp. PARACAS, which is well spiraled and dark green in standard culture condition, does not suffer from suspicion of not being a true spirulina.
• compositions obtained are useful for many applications, especially as a dietary supplement or drug, particularly to overcome the weaknesses of the immune system and support physical effort.
• the subject of the present invention is therefore an association of spirulines consisting of at least two types of strains of the genus Arthrospira, characterized in that the average content of said phycocyanin strains is between 13 and 30%, preferably between 14 and 25%.
• Spirulina means a blue-green alga belonging to the phyllum Cyanophyta, class: Cyanophyceae, order: Nostocales, family: Oscillatoriaceae, genus: Spirulina or Arthrospira.
• spirulina association is meant the presence in the same culture of several species or subspecies (types) of spirulina. This association is reflected in the crop product, by the simultaneous presence of cells belonging to different types of spirulines, and this, in non-residual amounts.
• the combination of spirulines consists of two types of strains whose weight ratio is generally between 80 and 20, preferably between 40 and 60.
• An association according to the invention generally comprises SOD having an activity of between 60,000 and 300,000 LU, preferably between 160,000 and 250,000 IU per 100 g of said combination.
• IU Units International Unit
• the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase can be determined spectrophotometrically using, for example, the method described by Kuthan H. et al. [Spectrophotometric assay for superoxide dismutase activities in crude tissue fractions, 1986, Biochem J. 237 (1): 175-80].
• an association according to the invention consists of the two types of Arthrospira sp. LONAR and Arthrospim sp. PARACAS.
• strains Arthrospira sp. LONAR and Arthrospira sp. PARACAS are strains originally sourced from Lonar Lake in India and ancient water storage basins in Paracas, Peru.
• Strains of this type that is to say having the same phenotypic and genetic characteristics, can be obtained from numerous research institutes around the world, particularly at the Institut Pasteur.
• compositions comprising an association of spirulines as defined above, in particular a composition comprising:
• Spirulina of another type is understood to mean any other strain of spirulina which proves to be compatible, and preferably complementary to the combination formed by Arthrospira sp. LONAR and Arthrospira sp. PARACAS.
• the compositions according to the invention are characterized more particularly by a phycocyanin content of between 13 and 30%, preferably between 14 and 28% by total dry weight of said composition.
• a composition according to the invention is also characterized in that it comprises di-homo-gamma linolenic acid, in general, in a content of between 0.05% and 2%, preferably between 0.1. and 1, 5%, and more preferably between 0.2 and 0.8%, by total dry weight of said composition. It may also comprise gamma linolenic acid in a content, which is generally between 0.5 and 5%, preferably between 1 and 3%, and more preferably between 1.5 and 2.5% by total dry weight of the composition.
• composition according to the invention may comprise superoxide dismutase (SOD), or any other enzyme having the same activity.
• SOD superoxide dismutase
• the activity measured in 100 g by dry weight of said composition is preferably between 60,000 and 300,000 IU, more preferably between
• composition here is meant both the harvest product of a spirulina combination as defined above, but also any composition resulting from the transformation of this crop product into a by-product comprising at least two types of spirulines and having a phycocyanin content greater than 13%, preferably greater than 14% and more preferably greater than 15%.
• the compositions according to the invention may consist essentially of spirulina, but may also result from the mixing or treatment of spirulina with other products, such as additives, artificial or not, other active ingredients, or adjuvants such as for example, coating agents.
• a composition according to the invention can be solid, liquid, in the form of powder, single or coated tablets, capsules, granules, caramels, suppositories, or syrups.
• compositions according to the invention may comprise, in addition to the combinations described above, at least one active ingredient selected from the following: isoflavone, vitamin C, bamboo exudates and extracts of Pygeanum afecanum.
• the isoflavone can act on aging, in that it stimulates the secretion of DHEA, which may eventually be lacking in the person elderly women, including menopausal women.
• the combination of spirulina according to the invention is complementary to the action of the isoflavone, in that the active ingredients contained in spirulina protect and repair the damaged tissue by free radicals.
• Vitamin C is virtually the only vitamin not found in spirulina. Also, it may be useful to add it to the compositions according to the invention in order to produce compositions that can satisfy all the needs of the organism in trace elements.
• Another aspect of the invention consists of a method for obtaining a composition or an association of spirulina strains according to the invention.
• This process comprises the following steps: a) a spirulina strain, preferably two or more, is cultured in the same culture medium; and b) the spirulina grown under a) are harvested.
• a preferred process according to the invention is a process which makes it possible both to co-cultivate the strains, but also to obtain a high content of desired active ingredients.
• Such a method comprises the following steps: i) at least one spirulina strain, preferably two or more, is cultured in a culture medium whose pH is between 8 and 12, preferably between 9 and 11; and ii) physicochemical stress is applied to the culture medium by varying the pH in the range of 1 to 3 points during a peak of brightness.
• Physico-chemical stress is a step that combines a strong illumination with a drop in pH.
• the inventors have observed that these conditions impose physiological adaptations to spirulina, resulting in a increased synthesis of pigment and other anti-oxidant active ingredients such as SOD.
• the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the co-cultivation of the two types of strains, Arthrospira sp. LONAR and Arthrospira sp. PARACAS alone or mixed with another type of strain.
• This process makes it possible to obtain particularly high levels of the desired active ingredients, as indicated above, in particular as regards the content of phycocyanin, fatty acids and SOD.
• This resting step is generally without stirring or stirring of the culture medium for at least one hour, preferably between 2 and 4 hours.
• Spirulina once harvested, can be dried to obtain a dehydrated or partially dehydrated spirulina composition.
• the drying is carried out at a temperature below 60 ° C., to avoid denaturing the active ingredients, in particular the vitamins, contained in the compositions.
• Spirulina generally remain intact during these operations so that the desired active ingredients such as phycocyanin and SOD, remain inside the cells. They are thus physically better protected.
• compositions according to the invention contain significant levels of phycocyanin, their assimilation by the body can stimulate the synthesis of erythrocytes in a natural way.
• An association or composition according to the invention in that it also comprises a high content of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins, can form an appreciable dietary supplement.
• the products of the invention being natural products that can be obtained entirely biologically - without resorting to the use of pesticides - they are therefore ideally suited to feeding young children and even infants.
• spirulins contain neither gluten nor lactose, it may be advantageous to use a combination or a composition according to the invention in the context of strict diets for infants, as well as for adults. allergic to these ingredients, in order to provide them with a balanced diet rich in protein.
• Another aspect of the invention consists of a medicament comprising a combination or composition according to the invention.
• An association or composition according to the invention can thus be used for the manufacture of a drug or a food supplement intended to increase the oxygenation capacity of the blood or to increase the recovery capacity after exercise.
• An association or composition according to the invention can also be used for the manufacture of a drug or a food supplement intended to overcome weaknesses of the immune system in a mammal.
• compositions according to the invention being rich in anti-oxidant active ingredients, in particular in SOD and phycocyanin, their use in cosmetics, especially in dermatology, is advantageous, in particular for formulating healing or anti-aging compositions.
• the medium is stirred continuously during a first phase called the ripening phase.
• This maturation phase is carried out at 25 ° C. with an illumination phase in 12 hours per day in natural light.
• the pH of the medium is maintained between 10 and 11.
• the ripening phase lasts about 20 days.
• a phase called "physicochemical stress” is applied by modifying the composition of the culture medium.
• a new medium is used, the medium “Spiru-plus” N ° 2, whose The composition is given in Table 2.
• a pH drop is made to reach a constant value between 8 and 10, at the moment when the light is at maximum variation during the day.
• the culture of the LONAR and PARACAS type strains is continued in a culture medium designated "Spiru-Plus No. 3", the composition of which is given in Table 3. This medium allows cell growth and faster maturation of the strains. spirulina.
• the culture is kept stirring at a pH of between 8 and 11.
• spirulina can be enriched in active principles, it is preferable to let them one or more rest phases, during which the culture medium is not stirred.
• Table 6 summarizes the levels of active ingredients of Arthrospira pacifia, which is considered to be a spirulina of excellent quality. The values listed here are those produced by the manufacturers of this spirulina.
• Tables 5 and 6 show that the levels of phycocyanin, linoleic and di-homo-gamma linolenic fatty acids are significantly higher when Arthrospira sp. LONAR and Arthrospira sp. PARACAS, according to the method of the invention. It is the same for SOD activity, and to a lesser extent for other active ingredients such as, for example, vitamins A, D, E, K and B12. Table 5
• Vitamin B8 / Biotin H 5

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• 2005
  • 2005-03-16 FR FR0502606A patent/FR2883184B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-03-15 EP EP06726095A patent/EP1874137A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-03-15 WO PCT/FR2006/000569 patent/WO2006097627A1/fr active Application Filing
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• 2007
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