EP1870559A2 - Boulon d'ancrage à deux étages et son procédé d'utilisation - Google Patents

Boulon d'ancrage à deux étages et son procédé d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1870559A2
EP1870559A2 EP07011898A EP07011898A EP1870559A2 EP 1870559 A2 EP1870559 A2 EP 1870559A2 EP 07011898 A EP07011898 A EP 07011898A EP 07011898 A EP07011898 A EP 07011898A EP 1870559 A2 EP1870559 A2 EP 1870559A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rock bolt
rock
anchor
tendon
grout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07011898A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1870559B1 (fr
EP1870559A3 (fr
Inventor
David James Fergusson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minova Australia Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Industrial Roll Formers Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006903352A external-priority patent/AU2006903352A0/en
Application filed by Industrial Roll Formers Pty Ltd filed Critical Industrial Roll Formers Pty Ltd
Priority to EP09010175A priority Critical patent/EP2110511A1/fr
Priority to PL07011898T priority patent/PL1870559T3/pl
Publication of EP1870559A2 publication Critical patent/EP1870559A2/fr
Publication of EP1870559A3 publication Critical patent/EP1870559A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1870559B1 publication Critical patent/EP1870559B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0046—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinally
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0066—Anchoring-bolts formed by a bundle of radially arranged rigid elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tunnelling through rock subject to squeezing, and to a two-stage rock bolt suitable for use in such tunnelling.
  • the genesis of the present invention is a desire to provide both a method whereby such tunnelling can be carried out, a two-stage rock bolt for use in carrying out the method, and a method of tensioning the two-stage rock bolt.
  • a two-stage rock bolt for use in rock subject to squeezing, said rock bolt comprising a tendon, a first anchor means adapted to be anchored in a hole in said rock, and having associated therewith a pinch means through which said tendon can pass by deforming, a second anchor means including a trigger means and carried by said tendon adjacent said first anchor means, and an elongate release extending alongside said tendon from said trigger means beyond said rock, said release being operable to activate said trigger means to thereby actuate said second anchor means.
  • a method of grouting a rock bolt in a blind hole where a hollow breather tube is located alongside the rock bolt and extends between opposite ends of the hole to allow escape of air from the closed end of hole as grout is inserted into the open end of the hole said method being characterised by the step of:
  • a tunnel 1 is excavated from rock 2 which is the subject of squeezing forces indicated by arrows A.
  • steel plates 4 are located over the interior surface of the tunnel, each of the plates 4 being held in position by means of a two-stage rock bolt 5.
  • Each rock bolt 5 is positioned in a blind hole 6 which is drilled radially into the rock 2.
  • the rock bolts 5 are two-stage rock bolts in that the first stage which arises immediately after installation of the rock bolts 5 permits the intended small movement of the rock 2 so as to carry out the squeezing to the requisite extent. Thereafter, once the gaps 8 have been eliminated, the rock bolt is tensioned to its final tension which is intended to ensure that no further squeezing of the rock 2 takes place.
  • the steel plates 4 are edge abutted one against the other and thus form a suitable boundary which can be used for formwork for a concrete lining 9 indicated by broken lines in Fig. 2 and which is intended to provide the final support for the walls of the tunnel 1.
  • the steel plates 4 can support formwork which is used in the construction of the concrete lining 9.
  • Each of the rock bolts 5 in Figs. 1 and 2 has a leading end 11 and a trailing end 12.
  • Fig. 3 a longitudinal cross-section through the leading end 11 of the rock bolt 15 of a first embodiment is illustrated.
  • the rock bolt 15 has a tendon 16 formed from a cable fabricated from steel wires.
  • a portion of the tendon 16 intermediate two annular washers 17, 18 is provided with a tube 19, for example made from plastics material such as irrigation pipe extruded in high density polyethylene (HDPE).
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • a grout tube 21 passes through the trailing washer 17.
  • a secondary tube 22 also passes through both washers 17 and 18 and a pull cord 23 passes through the secondary tube 22.
  • the leading washer 18 is mounted on a pinch tube 25 (of the general type illustrated in Fig. 3 of US Patent No. 7,037, 046 ) which has a constricted interior passage 26 which is substantially S-shaped.
  • the pinch tube 25 is longitudinally split so as to be formed from two portions which are clamped together about the tendon 16 and held in position by means of two keeper rings 27, 28.
  • a barrel 30 Abutting the pinched tube 25 is a barrel 30 which has a tapered interior 31 which matches the taper on a frusto-conical wedge 40 which surrounds the tendon 16.
  • the leading end of the barrel 30 is machined with an annular groove 33.
  • a transversely split annular keeper 34 has a re-entrant annular flange 35 which is retained in the groove 33.
  • the two parts of the annular keeper 34 overlap and are provided with two pairs of aligned orifices through each pair of which a corresponding pin 36A (Fig. 3 or 36B Fig. 5) is retained by means of a friction fit.
  • Within the keeper 34 an O-ring 37 is retained in compression.
  • annular keeper 34 clamps on the wedge 40 and retains same in position with the internal diameter of the passage through the wedge 40 being sufficient to permit the tendon 16 to slide relative to the wedge 40.
  • An important function of the intact keeper 34 is to maintain separation between the locking taper of the wedge 40 and the barrel 30.
  • the pull cord 23 is bifurcated (Fig.6) and one portion thereof 23A is connected to the pin 36A illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 the trailing end 12 of the rock bolt 15 is illustrated.
  • the trailing end of the tendon 16 passes through a central aperture 42 in the steel plate 4.
  • Abutting against the steel plate 4 is a conventional locking mechanism in the form of an internally tapered barrel 130 and a frusto-conical wedge 140 which are capable of clamping the tendon 16 so as to place same in tension.
  • the grout tube 21 passes through a corresponding opening in the plate 4 and a similar opening is provided for the pull cord 23.
  • the leading end 11 of the first embodiment of the rock bolt 15 is passed into the hole 6 to the maximum extent permitted by the length of the tendon 16.
  • the two annular washers 17 and 18 ensure that the tendon 16 is approximately centred in the blind hole 6 and also define an interior space into which grout is pumped in the direction of arrows B in Fig. 4 and C in Fig. 3.
  • the grout fills the volume between the two washers 17 and 18 and thus provides a first anchor which retains the pinch tube 25 in position.
  • the tendon 16 can be lightly tensioned and locked by means of the barrel 130 and wedge 140, thereby completing the installation process.
  • the steel plate 4 is moved to the left as seen in Fig. 4 thereby increasing the tension within the tendon 16 and forcing the tendon 16 through the interior passage 26 of the pinch tube 25.
  • This requires the tendon 16 to be deformed, and preferably elastically deformed, and typically increases the tension within the tendon 16 to approximately 50kN.
  • the pull cord 23 can be manually tugged so as to dislodge both pins 36A and 36B which retain the annular keeper 34.
  • the annular keeper 34 which now consists of two separate parts radially expands under the urging of the resilient O-ring 37 thereby permitting the wedge 40 to enter into the barrel 30 under the influence of the tension within the tendon 16. That is to say, the wedge 40 and barrel 30 are permitted by the rupturing of the keeper 34 to come closer together to form a second anchor which securely grasps the tendon 16 and is capable of withstanding significant tension, for example up to 300kN.
  • further squeezing movement of the rock 2 is prohibited and the steel plates 4 remain in their abutting configuration illustrated in Fig. 2 but do not move inwardly any further.
  • the significant tension in the tendon 16 can be created using a substantially conventional cable jack.
  • a second embodiment of the rock bolt 5 is illustrated in Fig. 5 and takes the form of a rock bolt 115, only the leading end 111 being illustrated.
  • the tendon 16, pull cord 23, pinch tube 25, barrel 30, annular keeper 34 and wedge 40 are as before.
  • a mechanical or point anchor 50 is provided.
  • the anchor 50 consists of an outer shell 51 which is preferably longitudinally split into three portions and which has a serrated exterior surface 52.
  • Located within the shell 51 is a tapered collet 53 which is urged to the left as seen in Fig. 5 by means of a spring 54 retained between a washer 55 and a nut 56.
  • the collet 53 is shaped to mate with the pinch tube 25.
  • the initial tension created within the tendon 16 following installation of the rock bolt 115 expands the shell 51 thereby anchoring the anchor 50 relative to the blind hole 6.
  • the pinch tube 25 is fixed relative to the hole 6 in the same way that the grout of Fig. 3 fixes the pinch tube 25 relative to the hole 6 in the embodiment of Fig. 3.
  • a breather tube 91 is provided which extends through the plate 4 and through the washer 18. That is, the leading end of the breather tube 91 terminates in the space between the two washers 17, 18 which is to be filled with grout (not illustrated).
  • the breather tube 91 has a pair of insulated wires 92 which run the length of the breather tube 91 and terminate at its leading end in a pair of electrical contacts 93.
  • the wires 92 terminate in a battery 98 and a light 99 preferably in the form of a light emitting diode (LED).
  • the apparatus of Fig. 6 functions as follows: Grout is pumped into the grout tube 21 as indicated by arrow B and exits from the grout tube 21 between the washers 17, 18 as indicated by arrow C. As a consequence air is expelled from between the washers 17, 18 entering the breather tube 91 as indicated by arrow D and exiting the breather tube to the rear of the plate 4 as indicated by arrow E.
  • the grout would exit from the breather tube 92 (as indicated by arrow E) thereby signalling that no more grout should be pumped into the grout tube 21.
  • the overall length of the rock bolt 215 is larger (typically 30 metres or so) the resistance of the breather tube 92 to grout passing through it prevents this simple system from working satisfactorily. Instead, grout makes its way past one or both of the washers 17, 18 into places where it is not wanted and grout continues to be pumped into the grout tube 21 for want of a stop signal.
  • Such a stop signal is provided by the wires 92.
  • the grout which is preferably water based
  • the grout conducts sufficient electric current to activate the LED 99. This signals that the pumping of the grout should stop because the space between the washers 17, 18 is now full of grout.
  • the grout tube 21, pull cord 23 and breather tube 91 are preferably not located in the one vertical plate as indicated in Fig. 6 but are preferably radially spaced with approximately 120° spacing relative to the longitudinal axis of the tendon 16.
  • the contacts 93 preferably are placed in the upper most portion of the space between the washers 17, 18 to ensure that the grout which enters into this portion of the space reaches the contacts 93 last.
  • the tendon 16 is provided by means of a cable, the tendon 16 could equally be a solid rod or a tube.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP07011898A 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Procédé pour le revêtement d'un tunnel avec béton coulé sur place Not-in-force EP1870559B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09010175A EP2110511A1 (fr) 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Boulon d'ancrage à deux étages et son procédé d'utilisation
PL07011898T PL1870559T3 (pl) 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Sposób wykładania tunelu betonem

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006903352A AU2006903352A0 (en) 2006-06-21 A Two-stage Rock Bolt & Method of Use

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09010175A Division EP2110511A1 (fr) 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Boulon d'ancrage à deux étages et son procédé d'utilisation

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1870559A2 true EP1870559A2 (fr) 2007-12-26
EP1870559A3 EP1870559A3 (fr) 2008-01-02
EP1870559B1 EP1870559B1 (fr) 2009-11-18

Family

ID=38438710

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09010175A Withdrawn EP2110511A1 (fr) 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Boulon d'ancrage à deux étages et son procédé d'utilisation
EP07011898A Not-in-force EP1870559B1 (fr) 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Procédé pour le revêtement d'un tunnel avec béton coulé sur place

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09010175A Withdrawn EP2110511A1 (fr) 2006-06-21 2007-06-18 Boulon d'ancrage à deux étages et son procédé d'utilisation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2110511A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE449236T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602007003263D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2339390T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1870559T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1870559E (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105134269A (zh) * 2015-08-17 2015-12-09 河南理工大学 一种锚索穿棚协同承载的巷道围岩控制技术
WO2015176081A3 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2016-01-14 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Indicateur de tube reniflard
CN109281694A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-01-29 山东建筑大学 可实时显示锚杆或锚索轴力的自锁式让压托盘及操作方法
CN109667598A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-23 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种基于总安全系数法的隧道复合式衬砌设计方法
CN111577320A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-25 河南城建学院 一种高安全性土木工程隧道支架
CN114961775A (zh) * 2022-04-22 2022-08-30 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 敞开式tbm破碎围岩施工方法
CN117988908A (zh) * 2024-04-03 2024-05-07 武汉大学 一种基于液态金属的分级预警锚杆及预警方法
CN118462223A (zh) * 2024-07-15 2024-08-09 湖南科技大学 一种隧道支护结构

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101372873B (zh) * 2008-10-20 2010-12-08 中冶实久建设有限公司 逆作法施工热轧旋流池施工缝的处理方法
CN102536282B (zh) * 2012-02-27 2013-10-16 西安科技大学 一种矿山回采巷道底臌灾害防治方法
RU2498073C1 (ru) * 2012-06-07 2013-11-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Проектно-производственный центр КузНИИшахтострой" (ООО "ППЦ КузНИИшахтострой") Способ создания породной крепи горной выработки
CN104141496B (zh) * 2014-06-21 2016-06-01 西安科技大学 一种矩形巷道围岩变形破坏控制方法
CN104018847B (zh) * 2014-06-21 2016-02-03 西安科技大学 基于弹性地基梁的矩形巷道挤压流动性底臌防治方法
CN106437796B (zh) * 2016-10-28 2018-08-24 海南大学 一种岩石地层盾构隧道端头加固结构及加固方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7037046B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-05-02 Jeffrey Robert Fergusson Yielding strata bolt

Family Cites Families (6)

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DE2644329A1 (de) * 1976-10-01 1978-04-06 Ruhrkohle Ag Nachgiebiger ausbaurahmen, insbesondere fuer den streckenausbau im berg- und tunnelbau
DE3008727C2 (de) * 1980-03-07 1982-10-14 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Nachgiebiger Gefrierschacht-Außenausbau
DE3236569C2 (de) * 1982-10-02 1986-04-30 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Schalungs- und Bewehrungselement für den Ortbetonausbau im Berg- und Tunnelbau
US4611954A (en) * 1984-09-25 1986-09-16 Republic Corporation Apparatus and method for mine installations
DE3820700A1 (de) * 1988-06-18 1989-12-21 Ruhrkohle Ag Anker-verbundausbau
US6270290B1 (en) * 1997-02-14 2001-08-07 Jennmar Corporation Tensionable cable bolt

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7037046B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-05-02 Jeffrey Robert Fergusson Yielding strata bolt

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015176081A3 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2016-01-14 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Indicateur de tube reniflard
CN105134269A (zh) * 2015-08-17 2015-12-09 河南理工大学 一种锚索穿棚协同承载的巷道围岩控制技术
CN109281694A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-01-29 山东建筑大学 可实时显示锚杆或锚索轴力的自锁式让压托盘及操作方法
CN109667598A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-23 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种基于总安全系数法的隧道复合式衬砌设计方法
CN109667598B (zh) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-09 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种基于总安全系数法的隧道复合式衬砌设计方法
CN111577320A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-25 河南城建学院 一种高安全性土木工程隧道支架
CN111577320B (zh) * 2020-05-22 2022-03-22 河南城建学院 一种高安全性土木工程隧道支架
CN114961775A (zh) * 2022-04-22 2022-08-30 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 敞开式tbm破碎围岩施工方法
CN117988908A (zh) * 2024-04-03 2024-05-07 武汉大学 一种基于液态金属的分级预警锚杆及预警方法
CN117988908B (zh) * 2024-04-03 2024-06-11 武汉大学 一种基于液态金属的分级预警锚杆及预警方法
CN118462223A (zh) * 2024-07-15 2024-08-09 湖南科技大学 一种隧道支护结构
CN118462223B (zh) * 2024-07-15 2024-09-27 湖南科技大学 一种隧道支护结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602007003263D1 (de) 2009-12-31
EP2110511A1 (fr) 2009-10-21
ATE449236T1 (de) 2009-12-15
EP1870559B1 (fr) 2009-11-18
ES2339390T3 (es) 2010-05-19
PL1870559T3 (pl) 2010-06-30
PT1870559E (pt) 2010-02-23
EP1870559A3 (fr) 2008-01-02

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