EP1867545A1 - Rail vehicle with ballast strike detection means - Google Patents

Rail vehicle with ballast strike detection means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1867545A1
EP1867545A1 EP07109310A EP07109310A EP1867545A1 EP 1867545 A1 EP1867545 A1 EP 1867545A1 EP 07109310 A EP07109310 A EP 07109310A EP 07109310 A EP07109310 A EP 07109310A EP 1867545 A1 EP1867545 A1 EP 1867545A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
signal
rail vehicle
ballast
vehicle according
gravel
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Granted
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EP07109310A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1867545B1 (en
Inventor
Kaspar Schroeder-Bodenstein
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail vehicle with a subfloor, which is exposed during operation of the rail vehicle on a gravel superstructure of a railway track gravel flight.
  • Rail vehicles can cause gravel flight when driving on a gravel superstructure. Specifically, stones are carried out of the ballast bed by air forces of the drag flow or by falling of the ice accumulations in winter. These gravel stones hit with sufficient height of elevation primarily the underbody of the rail vehicle and cause damage to the same when hitting the underbody and the lower parts of the vehicle. Since the impacts of ballast usually occur in the back of the rail vehicle and at the bottom, they are not noticed by the platoon leader.
  • the invention has the object, a rail vehicle of the type mentioned in such a way that occurring gravel flight can be borne in driving the rail vehicle.
  • a rail vehicle of the type described above in that the subfloor is equipped with at least one acoustic signal sensor, which detects acoustically incident on the underbody gravel stones, a signal processing device is provided, which is supplied with a signal from the at least one acoustic signal sensor and which processes the signal to produce a ballast signal representative of the gravel stone underfill and the ballast signal of the signal processing device enters into an operating mode of the rail vehicle.
  • ballast flight thus takes place with the aid of at least one acoustic signal pickup, so that when a ballast hits the underside of the rail vehicle generated sound waves are detected.
  • Intensity maxima of the signal from the at least one acoustic signal receiver for particular frequency ranges may then be considered representative of the impact of a ballast on the subsoil.
  • any component on a bottom side of the rail vehicle is understood in the following description, any component on a bottom side of the rail vehicle.
  • the underbody of underfloor arranged components such as electrical units or the chassis, formed, which are also to protect against gravel flight.
  • the signal processing device is used to evaluate the signal generated by the signal pickup in such a way that the signal reproduces the loading of the subsoil with ballast stones.
  • the signal processing device preferably processes the signal from the at least one acoustic signal sensor in such a way that it recognizes individual ballast strikes, counts the gravel strikes, and inputs a number of gravel strikes per unit time into the ballast signal.
  • the ballast signal can signal a frequency of gravel strikes.
  • the signal processing device can evaluate the ballast signal in terms of exceeding a predetermined safety level and output a warning signal when the safety level is exceeded.
  • the security level can be adjusted to the fact that a Reduction of the vehicle speed due to the occurring gravel flight appears appropriate.
  • the warning signal can then be converted by a train driver of the rail vehicle in such a way that the vehicle speed is reduced to a value at which the ballast flight is sufficiently reduced.
  • the warning signal may also be directed to a central train control, which may automatically cause the speed reduction, or an infrastructure-side control center.
  • the signaling to the control center could then take place by means of a wireless communication link from the rail vehicle to the remote control center.
  • the at least one signal receiver In order to reduce the signal from the at least one signal receiver to the significant signal components for the detection of ballast impact, it is preferred if it includes electronic components for bandpass filtering, signal squaring and sliding summation.
  • the number of gravel stones striking the subfloor may be calculated based on one or more predetermined time intervals. These time intervals are to be selected in such a way that a representative statement is made on the impact of gravel stone impact on the subfloor.
  • ballast stones are acoustically indicated by a warning signal.
  • a train driver in plastic type and Way gives an acoustic impression of the ballast situation on the underbody of the rail vehicle.
  • the ballast signal may also be visually displayed, resulting in an increased illustration of, for example, the driver.
  • a signal generator is arranged which is designed to generate the sound of a ballast stone striking the subfloor. Because of this, the signal processing device, in particular its electronic components, such as bandpass filtering, can be designed so that unnecessary signal components that are not associated with the impact of a ballast stone are effectively suppressed.
  • the at least one signal sensor can be formed by a sound microphone, which may need to be protected against gravel stone impact.
  • a plurality of signal pickups is arranged distributed over the underbody of the rail vehicle and is in communication with the signal processing device which processes the plurality of signals of the signal pickup.
  • the ballast signal is generated based on the plurality of signals from the various signal receivers.
  • the signal receiver may also be an accelerometer connected to the rail vehicle structure which detects structure-borne noise signals.
  • the presented embodiments of the invention provide the advantage that, for example, the train driver, the control center or the train control information about ein whichde gravel stones are supplied. Based This information can be done, for example, in winter in snowy situations an immediate, temporary reduction of driving speed and thus further damage can be avoided. In relation to the alternative, general, preventive speed reductions on snow layers, which are otherwise usual in this situation, the necessary operational restrictions of the rail vehicle can be significantly reduced. A reduction in speed, for example, must take place only if too high ballast is actually detected with the help of the proposed arrangement.
  • Another possible application of the invention is to identify sections of high grade ballast slope. In some cases, a reduction of the permissible driving speed can be made there until a relevant route section is repaired again.
  • an overall arrangement for detecting and signaling gravel flight in a rail vehicle in the present exemplary embodiment comprises a total of four acoustic signal sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 designed as sound microphones.
  • the first signal sensor 1 is arranged in the region of a bogie D in the underbody area.
  • the signal pickups 2, 3 are located on an outer side of the underbody area or above the subfloor, which is particularly affected by an impact Gravel flight is affected.
  • the fourth signal sensor 4 is attached to a bogie section immediately adjacent to a lower side of the rail vehicle.
  • Each of the signal receivers 1, 2, 3, 4 detects sound waves, from an associated detection area.
  • individual ballast stones thrown upwards by a trailing current or by falling ice accumulations in the winter produce sound waves as a result of the impact on the subsoil U detected by the signal transducers 1, 2, 3, 4 and into electrical signals S1, S2 , S3, S4 are implemented.
  • only a single signal sensor can be provided, which then naturally has a limited detection range for the impact of ballast stones.
  • the four signals S1, ..., S4 are fed to a signal processor 5 which includes electronic components for bandpass filtering, signal squaring and sliding summation.
  • the signal processing device 5 operates digitally and samples the individual signals S1,..., S4 with the aid of a signal processor.
  • a signal generator 7 (cf., FIG. 2), which is designed to emit acoustic signals, plays the ballast stones striking the subsoil U.
  • the signal processing device 5 can be set so that a suitable filtering of the signals S1,..., S4 can take place. The reliable detection of impinging ballast with suppression of interference is promoted.
  • the signal processing device 5 generates a ballast flight signal S5 from the signals S1,..., S4 on the following basis: for the individual signals S1,..., S4 counted over one or more predetermined time intervals, how many impinging ballast stones are detected.
  • the ballast signal S5 then represents a frequency of impacting ballast stones and thus a measure of the loading of the underbody of the rail vehicle with ballast flight.
  • the signal processing device 5 may also be limited in its function to performing only a ballast stone detection for the individual signals S1,..., S4.
  • the ballast signal S5 is directed to a monitoring device 6, which may be arranged in the occupied area of a train driver of the rail vehicle.
  • the conductor can be indicated acoustically or also by means of an optical display the ballast signal S5 for information purposes. He can then react, for example by reducing the speed of the rail vehicle on elevated ballast.
  • the monitoring device 6 may also be a component of a central train control, which automatically initiates a reduction in the speed of the rail vehicle when the ballast is too high.
  • the ballast signal S5 it is conceivable for the ballast signal S5 to be transmitted to a remote control station on which the monitoring device 6 is also arranged. This can be done for example by means of a wireless communication connection between rail vehicle and control center.
  • the signal processing device 5 may be configured such that when it exceeds a predetermined signal level for the ballast signal S5 when it rises Time intervals, a warning signal S6 outputs to the monitoring device 6.
  • the signal level should then be selected so that exceeding it causes a reduction in speed. It is also possible that a lower signal level is set at which an increase in speed of the rail vehicle can take place since previously occurred ballast flight is no longer present.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The vehicle has an undercarriage (U) suspended on a graveled superstructure of a rail section of a gravel flight during operation of the vehicle. The undercarriage is provided with an acoustic signal receiver (1), which acoustically detects gravel stones striking on the undercarriage, where a signal (S1) is supplied from the receiver. A signal processing device (5) processes the signal such that a gravel flight signal (S5) is produced, which shows the admission of the undercarriage with gravel stones. The flight signal enters into an operation mode of the vehicle from the processing device.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Schienenfahrzeug mit einem Unterboden, der bei Betrieb des Schienenfahrzeugs auf einem geschotterten Oberbau einer Gleisstrecke Schotterflug ausgesetzt ist.The invention relates to a rail vehicle with a subfloor, which is exposed during operation of the rail vehicle on a gravel superstructure of a railway track gravel flight.

Schienenfahrzeuge können bei Fahrt auf geschottertem Oberbau Schotterflug auslösen. Im Einzelnen werden dabei durch Luftkräfte der Schleppströmung oder auch durch Herunterfallen der Eisansammlungen im Winter Steine aus dem Schotterbett heraus getragen. Diese Schottersteine treffen bei ausreichender Steighöhe in erster Linie den Unterboden des Schienenfahrzeugs und verursachen beim Auftreffen auf den Unterboden und die unterwärtigen Teile des Fahrzeugs Schäden an denselben. Da die Einschläge von Schottersteinen in der Regel erst im hinteren Teil des Schienenfahrzeugs und an der Unterseite auftreten, werden sie vom Zugführer nicht bemerkt.Rail vehicles can cause gravel flight when driving on a gravel superstructure. Specifically, stones are carried out of the ballast bed by air forces of the drag flow or by falling of the ice accumulations in winter. These gravel stones hit with sufficient height of elevation primarily the underbody of the rail vehicle and cause damage to the same when hitting the underbody and the lower parts of the vehicle. Since the impacts of ballast usually occur in the back of the rail vehicle and at the bottom, they are not noticed by the platoon leader.

Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schienenfahrzeug der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass auftretendem Schotterflug bei Fahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs Rechnung getragen werden kann.Proceeding from this, the invention has the object, a rail vehicle of the type mentioned in such a way that occurring gravel flight can be borne in driving the rail vehicle.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Schienenfahrzeug der oben beschriebenen Art dadurch gelöst, dass der Unterboden mit wenigstens einem akustischen Signalaufnehmer ausgestattet ist, der auf den Unterboden auftreffende Schottersteine akustisch erfasst, eine Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, der ein Signal von dem mindestens einem akustischen Signalaufnehmer zugeführt wird und die das Signal derart verarbeitet, dass ein Schotterflug-Signal erzeugt wird, das die Beaufschlagung des Unterbodens mit Schottersteinen wiedergibt, und das Schotterflug-Signal von der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung in eine Betriebsweise des Schienenfahrzeugs eingeht.This object is achieved in a rail vehicle of the type described above in that the subfloor is equipped with at least one acoustic signal sensor, which detects acoustically incident on the underbody gravel stones, a signal processing device is provided, which is supplied with a signal from the at least one acoustic signal sensor and which processes the signal to produce a ballast signal representative of the gravel stone underfill and the ballast signal of the signal processing device enters into an operating mode of the rail vehicle.

Die Erfassung von auftretendem Schotterflug geschieht somit mit Hilfe wenigstens eines akustischen Signalaufnehmers, so dass beim Auftreffen eines Schottersteins auf den Unterboden des Schienenfahrzeugs erzeugte Schallwellen erfasst werden. Intensitätsmaxima des Signals von dem mindestens einen akustischen Signalaufnehmer für bestimmte Frequenzbereiche können dann als repräsentativ für das Auftreffen eines Schottersteins auf den Unterboden angesehen werden.The detection of occurring ballast flight thus takes place with the aid of at least one acoustic signal pickup, so that when a ballast hits the underside of the rail vehicle generated sound waves are detected. Intensity maxima of the signal from the at least one acoustic signal receiver for particular frequency ranges may then be considered representative of the impact of a ballast on the subsoil.

Unter einem Unterboden des Schienenfahrzeugs wird bei der nachfolgenden Beschreibung jegliche Komponente auf einer Bodenseite des Schienenfahrzeugs verstanden. Teilweise wird somit der Unterboden von unterflur angeordneten Komponenten, wie elektrischen Aggregaten oder auch den Fahrwerken, gebildet, die ebenfalls gegen Schotterflug zu sichern sind.Under a subfloor of the rail vehicle is understood in the following description, any component on a bottom side of the rail vehicle. Partially thus the underbody of underfloor arranged components, such as electrical units or the chassis, formed, which are also to protect against gravel flight.

Die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung dient zur Auswertung des von dem Signalaufnehmer generierten Signals, und zwar in der Weise, dass das Signal die Beaufschlagung des Unterbodens mit Schottersteinen wiedergibt.The signal processing device is used to evaluate the signal generated by the signal pickup in such a way that the signal reproduces the loading of the subsoil with ballast stones.

Bevorzugt verarbeitet die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung das Signal von dem mindestens einen akustischen Signalaufnehmer derart, dass sie einzelne Schottersteineinschläge erkennt, die Schottersteineinschläge zählt, und eine gewonnene Anzahl von Schottersteineinschlägen pro Zeiteinheit in das Schotterflug-Signal eingeht. Insofern kann das Schotterflug-Signal eine Häufigkeit von Schottersteineinschlägen signalisieren.The signal processing device preferably processes the signal from the at least one acoustic signal sensor in such a way that it recognizes individual ballast strikes, counts the gravel strikes, and inputs a number of gravel strikes per unit time into the ballast signal. In this respect, the ballast signal can signal a frequency of gravel strikes.

Die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung kann das Schotterflug-Signal im Hinblick auf das Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Sicherheitspegels auswerten und bei Überschreiten des Sicherheitspegels ein Warnsignal ausgeben. Der Sicherheitspegel kann dabei darauf abgestimmt sein, dass eine Verminderung der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit aufgrund des auftretenden Schotterfluges als angemessen erscheint. Das Warnsignal kann dann von einem Zugführer des Schienenfahrzeugs derart umgesetzt werden, dass die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit auf einen Wert herabgesetzt wird, bei dem der Schotterflug ausreichend vermindert ist.The signal processing device can evaluate the ballast signal in terms of exceeding a predetermined safety level and output a warning signal when the safety level is exceeded. The security level can be adjusted to the fact that a Reduction of the vehicle speed due to the occurring gravel flight appears appropriate. The warning signal can then be converted by a train driver of the rail vehicle in such a way that the vehicle speed is reduced to a value at which the ballast flight is sufficiently reduced.

Das Warnsignal kann außerdem an eine zentrale Zugsteuerung, die ggf. automatisch die Geschwindigkeitsverminderung veranlasst, oder eine infrastrukturseitige Leitstelle geleitet werden. Die Signalisierung an die Leitstelle könnte dann im Wege einer drahtlosen Kommunikationsverbindung von dem Schienenfahrzeug zu der entfernt gelegenen Leitstelle erfolgen.The warning signal may also be directed to a central train control, which may automatically cause the speed reduction, or an infrastructure-side control center. The signaling to the control center could then take place by means of a wireless communication link from the rail vehicle to the remote control center.

Zur Reduktion des Signals von dem mindestens einen Signalaufnehmer auf die wesentlichen Signalanteile für die Erfassung von Schottersteineinschlägen ist es bevorzugt, wenn sie elektronische Komponenten für eine Bandpassfilterung, eine Signal-Quadrierung und eine gleitende Summation beinhaltet.In order to reduce the signal from the at least one signal receiver to the significant signal components for the detection of ballast impact, it is preferred if it includes electronic components for bandpass filtering, signal squaring and sliding summation.

Eine günstige Datenverarbeitung ergibt sich, wenn die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung digital und durch Abtastung des Signals von dem Signalaufnehmer in einem Signalprozessor erfolgt.Favorable data processing results when the signal processing device is digital and by sampling the signal from the signal receiver in a signal processor.

Die Anzahl der auf den Unterboden auftreffenden Schottersteine kann, bezogen auf ein oder mehrere vorbestimmte Zeitintervalle, berechnet sein. Diese Zeitintervalle sind so zu wählen, dass sich eine repräsentative Aussage über die Beaufschlagung von Schottersteineinschlag auf den Unterboden ergibt.The number of gravel stones striking the subfloor may be calculated based on one or more predetermined time intervals. These time intervals are to be selected in such a way that a representative statement is made on the impact of gravel stone impact on the subfloor.

Es ist auch möglich, dass einzelne erfasste Schottersteine akustisch durch ein Warnsignal angezeigt sind. In diesem Fall wird beispielsweise einem Zugführer in plastischer Art und Weise ein akustischer Eindruck über die Schotterflug-Situation am Unterboden des Schienenfahrzeugs vermittelt.It is also possible that individual detected ballast stones are acoustically indicated by a warning signal. In this case, for example, a train driver in plastic type and Way gives an acoustic impression of the ballast situation on the underbody of the rail vehicle.

Das Schotterflug-Signal kann auch optisch angezeigt sein, was eine erhöhte Veranschaulichung für beispielsweise den Zugführer nach sich zieht.The ballast signal may also be visually displayed, resulting in an increased illustration of, for example, the driver.

Zum Kalibrieren der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung oder zum Selbsttest des Systems ist es günstig, wenn im Bereich des mindestens einen akustischen Signalaufnehmers ein Signalgeber angeordnet ist, der zum Erzeugen des Geräusches eines auf den Unterboden auftreffenden Schottersteins ausgelegt ist. Aufgrund dessen kann die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung, insbesondere deren elektronische Komponenten, wie die Bandpassfilterung, so ausgelegt werden, dass nicht benötigte Signalanteile, die nicht im Zusammenhang mit dem Einschlag eines Schottersteins stehen, wirksam unterdrückt werden.For calibrating the signal processing device or for the self-test of the system, it is favorable if in the region of the at least one acoustic signal pickup a signal generator is arranged which is designed to generate the sound of a ballast stone striking the subfloor. Because of this, the signal processing device, in particular its electronic components, such as bandpass filtering, can be designed so that unnecessary signal components that are not associated with the impact of a ballast stone are effectively suppressed.

Der mindestens eine Signalaufnehmer kann von einem Schallmikrophon gebildet werden, das ggf. selbst gegen Schottersteinaufschlag zu schützen ist.The at least one signal sensor can be formed by a sound microphone, which may need to be protected against gravel stone impact.

Bevorzugt ist eine Mehrzahl von Signalaufnehmern über den Unterboden des Schienenfahrzeugs verteilt angeordnet und steht mit der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung in Verbindung, die die Mehrzahl von Signalen die der Signalaufnehmer verarbeitet. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Schotterflug-Signal auf der Basis der Mehrzahl von Signalen von den verschiedenen Signalaufnehmern erzeugt.Preferably, a plurality of signal pickups is arranged distributed over the underbody of the rail vehicle and is in communication with the signal processing device which processes the plurality of signals of the signal pickup. In this embodiment of the invention, the ballast signal is generated based on the plurality of signals from the various signal receivers.

Der Signalaufnehmer kann außerdem ein mit der Schienenfahrzeugstruktur verbundener Beschleunigungsaufnehmer sein, der Körperschallsignale erfaßt.The signal receiver may also be an accelerometer connected to the rail vehicle structure which detects structure-borne noise signals.

Die vorgestellten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung schaffen den Vorteil, dass beispielsweise dem Zugführer, der Leitstelle oder der Zugsteuerung Informationen über einschlagende Schottersteine zugeführt werden. Auf Basis dieser Information kann beispielsweise im Winter bei Schneelagen eine sofortige, vorübergehende Reduktion der Fahrgeschwindigkeit erfolgen und damit weiterer Schaden vermieden werden. Im Verhältnis zur alternativen, generellen, präventiven Geschwindigkeitsreduktionen bei Schneelagen, die in dieser Situation sonst üblich sind, können so die notwendigen Betriebseinschränkungen des Schienenfahrzeugs deutlich reduziert werden. Eine Geschwindigkeitsverminderung muss beispielsweise nur dann stattfinden, wenn tatsächlich zu hoher Schotterflug mit Hilfe der vorgestellten Anordnung festgestellt wird.The presented embodiments of the invention provide the advantage that, for example, the train driver, the control center or the train control information about einschlagende gravel stones are supplied. Based This information can be done, for example, in winter in snowy situations an immediate, temporary reduction of driving speed and thus further damage can be avoided. In relation to the alternative, general, preventive speed reductions on snow layers, which are otherwise usual in this situation, the necessary operational restrictions of the rail vehicle can be significantly reduced. A reduction in speed, for example, must take place only if too high ballast is actually detected with the help of the proposed arrangement.

Eine weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeit der Erfindung besteht gerade bei Hochgeschwindigkeitszügen darin, Streckenabschnitte mit hoher Schotterflugneigung festzustellen. Fallweise kann dort eine Reduktion der zulässigen Fahrgeschwindigkeit vorgenommen werden, bis ein betreffender Streckenabschnitt wieder instand gesetzt ist.Another possible application of the invention, especially in high-speed trains, is to identify sections of high grade ballast slope. In some cases, a reduction of the permissible driving speed can be made there until a relevant route section is repaired again.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen noch näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Gesamtanordnung zum Erfassen und Signalisieren von Schotterflug bei einem Schienenfahrzeug und
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines Drehgestellbereichs eines Schienenfahrzeugs.
Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of an overall arrangement for detecting and signaling gravel flight in a rail vehicle and
FIG. 2
a schematic representation of a bogie portion of a rail vehicle.

Wie aus Figur 1 hervorgeht, umfasst eine Gesamtanordnung zur Erfassung und Signalisierung von Schotterflug bei einem Schienenfahrzeug im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel insgesamt vier als Schallmikrofone ausgebildete akustische Signalaufnehmer 1, 2, 3, 4. Der erste Signalaufnehmer 1 ist im Bereich eines Drehgestells D im Unterbodenbereich angeordnet. Die Signalaufnehmer 2, 3 befinden sich auf einer Außenseite des Unterbodenbereichs oder oberhalb des Unterbodens, der besonders von einer Beaufschlagung mit Schotterflug betroffen ist. Der vierte Signalaufnehmer 4 ist einem Drehgestellbereich unmittelbar benachbart auf einer Unterseite des Schienenfahrzeugs angebracht.As is apparent from FIG. 1, an overall arrangement for detecting and signaling gravel flight in a rail vehicle in the present exemplary embodiment comprises a total of four acoustic signal sensors 1, 2, 3, 4 designed as sound microphones. The first signal sensor 1 is arranged in the region of a bogie D in the underbody area. The signal pickups 2, 3 are located on an outer side of the underbody area or above the subfloor, which is particularly affected by an impact Gravel flight is affected. The fourth signal sensor 4 is attached to a bogie section immediately adjacent to a lower side of the rail vehicle.

Jeder der Signalaufnehmer 1, 2, 3, 4 erfasst Schallwellen, aus einem zugehörigen Erfassungsbereich. Bei auftretendem Schotterflug erzeugen einzelne Schottersteine, die durch eine Schleppströmung oder auch durch herunterfallende Eisansammlungen im Winter hochgeschleudert werden, in Folge des Auftreffens auf dem Unterboden U Schallwellen, die von den Signalaufnehmern 1, 2, 3, 4 erfasst und in elektrische Signale S1, S2, S3, S4 umgesetzt werden. Bei einer besonders einfachen Ausführungsform kann auch nur ein einziger Signalaufnehmer vorgesehen sein, der dann naturgemäß einen eingeschränkten Erfassungsbereich für das Auftreffen von Schottersteinen aufweist.Each of the signal receivers 1, 2, 3, 4 detects sound waves, from an associated detection area. In the event of gravel flight, individual ballast stones thrown upwards by a trailing current or by falling ice accumulations in the winter produce sound waves as a result of the impact on the subsoil U detected by the signal transducers 1, 2, 3, 4 and into electrical signals S1, S2 , S3, S4 are implemented. In a particularly simple embodiment, only a single signal sensor can be provided, which then naturally has a limited detection range for the impact of ballast stones.

Die vier Signale S1, ..., S4 werden einer Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 zugeleitet, die elektronische Komponenten für eine Bandpassfilterung, eine Signal-Quadrierung und eine gleitende Summation beinhaltet. Die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 arbeitet digital und tastet die einzelnen Signale S1, ..., S4 mit Hilfe eines Signalprozessors ab.The four signals S1, ..., S4 are fed to a signal processor 5 which includes electronic components for bandpass filtering, signal squaring and sliding summation. The signal processing device 5 operates digitally and samples the individual signals S1,..., S4 with the aid of a signal processor.

Zum Kalibrieren der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung oder zum Selbsttest dient ein Signalgeber 7 (vgl. Figur 2), der zum Ausstrahlen akustischer Signale ausgelegt ist, die auf den Unterboden U auftreffende Schottersteine wiedergeben. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 so einstellen, dass eine geeignete Filterung der Signale S1, ..., S4 erfolgen kann. Die zuverlässige Erkennung auftreffender Schottersteine unter Unterdrückung von Störsignalen, wird dadurch gefördert.For calibrating the signal processing device or for the self-test, a signal generator 7 (cf., FIG. 2), which is designed to emit acoustic signals, plays the ballast stones striking the subsoil U. In this way, the signal processing device 5 can be set so that a suitable filtering of the signals S1,..., S4 can take place. The reliable detection of impinging ballast with suppression of interference is promoted.

Die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 generiert aus den Signalen S1, ..., S4 ein Schotterflug-Signal S5, und zwar auf folgender Basis: für die einzelnen Signale S1, ..., S4 wird jeweils über einen oder mehrere vorbestimmte Zeitintervalle gezählt, wie viel auftreffende Schottersteine erkannt werden. Das Schotterflug-Signal S5 gibt dann eine Häufigkeit von auftreffenden Schottersteinen wieder und somit ein Maß für die Beaufschlagung des Unterbodens des Schienenfahrzeugs mit Schotterflug.The signal processing device 5 generates a ballast flight signal S5 from the signals S1,..., S4 on the following basis: for the individual signals S1,..., S4 counted over one or more predetermined time intervals, how many impinging ballast stones are detected. The ballast signal S5 then represents a frequency of impacting ballast stones and thus a measure of the loading of the underbody of the rail vehicle with ballast flight.

Alternativ dazu kann die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 in ihrer Funktion auch darauf beschränkt sein, für die einzelnen Signale S1, ..., S4 lediglich eine Schottersteinerkennung durchzuführen. In diesem Fall ist für das Schotterflug-Signal S5 charakteristisch, dass es eine Überlagerung von vier Signalen wiedergibt, die jeweils als Funktion der Zeit Schottersteinaufschläge am Unterboden wiedergeben.Alternatively, the signal processing device 5 may also be limited in its function to performing only a ballast stone detection for the individual signals S1,..., S4. In this case, it is characteristic of the ballast signal S5 that it represents a superposition of four signals, each representing, as a function of time, ballast cuttings on the underbody.

Das Schotterflug-Signal S5 wird an eine Überwachungseinrichtung 6 geleitet, die im Aufenthaltsbereich eines Zugführers des Schienenfahrzeugs angeordnet sein kann. In diesem Fall kann dem Zugführer akustisch oder auch mit Hilfe einer optischen Anzeige das Schotterflug-Signal S5 zu Informationszwecken angegeben werden. Er kann dann beispielsweise durch Geschwindigkeitsreduktion des Schienenfahrzeugs auf erhöhten Schotterflug reagieren.The ballast signal S5 is directed to a monitoring device 6, which may be arranged in the occupied area of a train driver of the rail vehicle. In this case, the conductor can be indicated acoustically or also by means of an optical display the ballast signal S5 for information purposes. He can then react, for example by reducing the speed of the rail vehicle on elevated ballast.

Alternativ dazu kann die Überwachungseinrichtung 6 auch Komponente einer zentralen Zugsteuerung sein, die automatisch eine Geschwindigkeitsreduktion des Schienenfahrzeugs bei zu hohem Schotterflug in die Wege leitet. Als weitere Alternative ist denkbar, dass das Schotterflug-Signal S5 einer entfernt gelegenen Leitstelle, an der auch die Überwachungseinrichtung 6 angeordnet ist, übermittelt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer drahtlosen Kommunikationsverbindung zwischen Schienenfahrzeug und Leitstelle geschehen.Alternatively, the monitoring device 6 may also be a component of a central train control, which automatically initiates a reduction in the speed of the rail vehicle when the ballast is too high. As a further alternative, it is conceivable for the ballast signal S5 to be transmitted to a remote control station on which the monitoring device 6 is also arranged. This can be done for example by means of a wireless communication connection between rail vehicle and control center.

Die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 kann so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie bei Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Signalpegels für das Schotterflug-Signal S5, wenn es auf Zeitintervalle bezogen ist, ein Warnsignal S6 an die Überwachungseinrichtung 6 ausgibt. Der Signalpegel ist dann so zu wählen, dass sein Überschreiten eine Geschwindigkeitsverminderung bewirkt. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass ein unterer Signalpegel festgelegt ist, bei dem eine Geschwindigkeitserhöhung des Schienenfahrzeugs vonstatten gehen kann, da zuvor aufgetretener Schotterflug nicht mehr vorliegt.The signal processing device 5 may be configured such that when it exceeds a predetermined signal level for the ballast signal S5 when it rises Time intervals, a warning signal S6 outputs to the monitoring device 6. The signal level should then be selected so that exceeding it causes a reduction in speed. It is also possible that a lower signal level is set at which an increase in speed of the rail vehicle can take place since previously occurred ballast flight is no longer present.

Claims (13)

Schienenfahrzeug mit einem Unterboden (U), der bei Betrieb des Schienenfahrzeugs auf einem geschotterten Oberbau einer Gleisstrecke Schotterflug ausgesetzt ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Unterboden (U) mit wenigstens einem akustischen Signalaufnehmer (1) ausgestattet ist, der auf den Unterboden (U) auftreffende Schottersteine akustisch erfasst,
eine Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) vorgesehen ist, der ein Signal (S1) von dem mindestens einen akustischen Signalaufnehmer (1) zugeführt wird und die das Signal (S1) derart verarbeitet, dass ein Schotterflug-Signal (S5) erzeugt wird, das die Beaufschlagung des Unterbodens (U) mit Schottersteinen wiedergibt, und
das Schotterflug-Signal von der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) in eine Betriebsweise des Schienenfahrzeugs eingeht.Rail vehicle with a subfloor (U) exposed to gravel during operation of the rail vehicle on a gravel track of a railway track,
characterized in that
the subfloor (U) is equipped with at least one acoustic signal receiver (1) which acoustically detects gravel stones striking the subfloor (U),
a signal processing device (5) is provided, to which a signal (S1) is supplied from the at least one acoustic signal sensor (1) and which processes the signal (S1) in such a way that a ballast signal (S5) is generated which causes the signal to be applied Subsoil (U) with ballast stones, and
the ballast signal from the signal processing device (5) enters into an operating mode of the rail vehicle. Schienenfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) das Signal (S1) von dem mindestens einen akustischen Signalaufnehmer (1) derart verarbeitet, dass sie einzelne Schottersteineinschläge erkennt, die Schottersteineinschläge zählt und eine gewonnene Anzahl von Schottersteineinschlägen pro Zeiteinheit in das Schotterflug-Signal eingeht.Rail vehicle according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the signal processing device (5) processes the signal (S1) from the at least one acoustic signal pickup (1) in such a way that it recognizes individual gravel strikes, counts the gravel strikes and receives a number of gravel strikes per unit time into the gravel flight signal. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) das Schotterflug-Signal (S5) im Hinblick auf das Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Sicherheitspegels auswertet und bei Überschreiten des Sicherheitspegels ein Warnsignal (s6) ausgibt.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the signal processing device (5) evaluates the ballast flight signal (S5) with regard to exceeding a predetermined safety level and outputs a warning signal (s6) when the safety level is exceeded. Schienenfahrzeug nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Warnsignal (s6) einem Zugführer des Schienenfahrzeugs, einer Zugsteuerung oder einer infrastrukturseitigen Leitstelle zugeleitet ist.Rail vehicle according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the warning signal (s6) is forwarded to a train driver of the rail vehicle, a train control or an infrastructure-side control center. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) elektronische Komponenten für eine Bandpassfilterung, eine Signal-Quadrierung und eine gleitende Summation beinhaltet.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the signal processing means (5) includes electronic components for bandpass filtering, signal squaring and a sliding summation. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) digital und durch Abtastung des Signals von dem mindestens einen Signalaufnehmer (1) in einem Signalprozessor erfolgt.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the signal processing device (5) takes place digitally and by sampling the signal from the at least one signal sensor (1) in a signal processor. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Anzahl der auf den Unterboden auftreffenden Schottersteine, bezogen auf ein oder mehrere vorbestimmte Zeitintervalle, berechnet ist.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
the number of ballast stones striking the subfloor is calculated, based on one or more predetermined time intervals. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
einzelne erfasste Schottersteine akustisch durch ein Warnsignal angezeigt sind.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
individual recorded ballast stones are acoustically indicated by a warning signal. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schotterflug-Signal (S5) optisch angezeigt ist.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the ballast signal (S5) is visually displayed. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
im Bereich des mindestens einen akustischen Signalaufnehmers (1) ein Signalgeber (7) angeordnet ist, der zum Erzeugen des Geräusches eines auf den Unterboden (U) auftreffenden Schottersteins ausgelegt ist.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
in the region of the at least one acoustic signal pickup (1) a signal generator (7) is arranged, which is designed to generate the sound of a falling on the subsoil (U) ballast stone. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der mindestens eine Signalaufnehmer (1) von einem Schallmikrofon gebildet ist.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
the at least one signal sensor (1) is formed by a sound microphone. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der mindestens eine Signalaufnehmer (1) ein mit der Schienenfahrzeugstruktur verbundener Beschleunigungsaufnehmer ist.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that
the at least one signal receiver (1) is an acceleration sensor connected to the rail vehicle structure. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine Mehrzahl von Signalaufnehmern (1, 2, 3, 4) über den Unterboden des Schienenfahrzeugs verteilt angeordnet ist und mit der Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung (5) in Verbindung steht, die die Mehrzahl von Signalen (S1, S2, S3, S4) der Signalaufnehmer (1, 2, 3, 4) verarbeitet.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that
a plurality of signal receivers (1, 2, 3, 4) is distributed over the underbody of the rail vehicle and is in communication with the signal processing means (5) connecting the plurality of signals (S1, S2, S3, S4) of the signal receivers (1 , 2, 3, 4).
EP07109310A 2006-06-14 2007-05-31 Rail vehicle with ballast strike detection means Not-in-force EP1867545B1 (en)

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ATE555964T1 (en) 2012-05-15
CN101089585B (en) 2011-04-13
CN101089585A (en) 2007-12-19
PT1867545E (en) 2012-06-26
RU2007121955A (en) 2008-12-20
DE102006028004B4 (en) 2011-07-28
US20070296561A1 (en) 2007-12-27
EP1867545B1 (en) 2012-05-02
US7605690B2 (en) 2009-10-20
ES2384186T3 (en) 2012-07-02
DE102006028004A1 (en) 2007-12-20
RU2435688C2 (en) 2011-12-10

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