WO2000009378A1 - Method for detecting damages on railway vehicles and/or tracks - Google Patents

Method for detecting damages on railway vehicles and/or tracks Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000009378A1
WO2000009378A1 PCT/DE1999/002225 DE9902225W WO0009378A1 WO 2000009378 A1 WO2000009378 A1 WO 2000009378A1 DE 9902225 W DE9902225 W DE 9902225W WO 0009378 A1 WO0009378 A1 WO 0009378A1
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Prior art keywords
sensors
vehicle
event
vehicles
frequency signals
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PCT/DE1999/002225
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolf-Eckhardt Bulst
Frank Schmidt
Klaus-Peter Dziggel
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Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2000009378A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000009378A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
    • B61L23/045—Rail wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting impending or suddenly occurring damage to rail vehicles and / or tracks, insofar as these damages have an impact on the driving quality of the vehicles, using sensors distributed locally on the vehicles to detect the vibration behavior of predetermined vehicle components or -component arrangements.
  • PCT / DE 98/00403 an arrangement for generating coded high-frequency signals is known, in which mechanical primary energy is first converted into low-frequency electrical energy and this is then converted into high-frequency electrical energy. This high-frequency electrical energy is used via a coding device to generate a coded signal which characterizes the mechanical stress acting on the arrangement. Piezo elements or induction devices that do not have their own power supplies are used to convert mechanical primary energy into electrical energy get along. The electrical energy generated by the transducers is sufficient to transmit the coded radio frequency signals over a certain distance by radio.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which is also suitable for use in goods vehicles, d. H. on the vehicles for generating the sensor signals does not need its own power supply, only requires a small amount of effort for the evaluation of the sensor messages and enables a differentiation according to vehicle and trackside faults.
  • the invention solves this problem by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • known SAW sensors are used as sensors, which are mounted in and on the vehicles in such a way that vibrations, shocks and similar event messages are only output from a certain minimum mechanical stress become.
  • These event reports are evaluated according to whether they propagate under the train or can only be assigned to one or a few sensors.
  • it is obviously a track-side event, e.g. B. a rail joint that has been run over and in the second case is obviously a vehicle-side event that affects only one or some sensors.
  • This high-frequency energy generates, via a coding device, high-frequency signals which, in terms of frequency and / or amplitude, represent a measure of the primary energy acting on the respective sensor.
  • No separate energy supply is required for converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy and for generating the high-frequency signals. Rather, the arrangement is designed such that it generates this energy itself via a piezo element or an induction device.
  • the sensors are used to monitor a specific vehicle component such as. B. an axle bearing or a component anodrnung consisting of several vehicle components such. B. a bogie.
  • a specific vehicle component such as. B. an axle bearing or a component anodrnung consisting of several vehicle components such. B. a bogie.
  • a large number of different vehicle components can be monitored by appropriate sensors that react to mechanical loads.
  • Such sensors can also be used, for example, to monitor the vehicle suspension or to monitor attenuators.
  • These mass-spring systems can be adjustable, or they are tailored to a specific application and dimensioned in such a way that all mechanical loads of the sensors which are to be classified as normal are absorbed and thus do not lead to the output of event messages which indicate a possibly dangerous state could.
  • the corresponding mechanical sensor influences that are to be absorbed by the mass-spring systems can be determined in advance during test drives on reference tracks.
  • the mass-spring systems are then to be designed in such a way that only mechanical stresses above the specified limit value lead to the output of event messages.
  • a different threshold value can be specified for each sensor for monitoring a vehicle component or vehicle component arrangement, depending on how large the mechanical influences occurring in normal operation are to be regarded as uncritical.
  • the event messages which may have been triggered are transmitted wirelessly to an evaluation device.
  • This evaluation device can be located on the vehicle from which the event messages originate or on a selected vehicle of the vehicle association.
  • the high-frequency signals generated by the sensors or the quantities derived from them are then to be transmitted there, either by wire or by radio. With a corresponding expenditure on antenna technology, it is even possible to transmit the high-frequency signals from the individual vehicles to the selected vehicle via a waveguide formed between the rail bed and the underside of the train.
  • the event messages are to be provided with corresponding, unchangeable identification marks which, like the event messages, can be generated by the sensors.
  • An intelligent evaluation of the event messages is provided on the individual vehicles or on the selected vehicle.
  • event messages originating from corresponding sensors take place. From the fact that such event messages are successively reported by the sensors distributed over the vehicles of the vehicle association, it can be clearly concluded that the documented event relates to the route.
  • Such an event can e.g. B. the crossing of a rail joint or a switch area. If event messages can only be assigned to one or individual sensors, an event on the vehicle in question, e.g. B. a flat spot or a damaged axle bearing can be closed. Even then, it can be advantageous to only issue a fault message if such event messages are issued more frequently, possibly cyclically, or continuously.
  • the one-time occurrence of a fault on the first axis of the first vehicle of a vehicle association can regularly be regarded as an event on the track side.
  • Such influences arise when the lead vehicle has a foreign body lying on a rail, e.g. B. a smaller stone, ground or against a branch lying on the rails, which is thrown out of the clearance profile of the vehicles by the impact. If, however, parts of such a branch or other foreign body become wedged on the vehicle and lead to mechanical stresses of any sensors, this can be seen from the local and temporal evaluation of the sensor signals.
  • the speed-dependent and / or axle pattern-related evaluation of the high-frequency signals of the individual is particularly advantageous for distinguishing event messages for the detection of track-side and vehicle-side faults Viewed sensors.
  • the passing of a fault under a moving train from the Switzerlandspitze to the end of the train can be clearly assigned to a specific route event via the speed or the axis pattern sequence.
  • the amplitudes of the high-frequency signals and possibly also their frequencies say something about the type of mechanical stress on the sensor and thus about the possible interference. So sensor influences z. B. by defective attenuators clearly distinguish from corresponding sensor messages in broken vehicle suspensions.
  • an additional sensor on the last vehicle of a vehicle association, which is designed in such a way that, in contrast to the other sensors, it continuously or frequently outputs event messages in normal operation, i.e. without interference, it is possible to do this on a selected vehicle of the vehicle association Monitor the presence of the end of the train.
  • Train termination messages can, however, also be obtained without any additional effort in that the selected vehicle detects and adds up the shock loads that occur on the vehicle sensors when monitoring rail joints and other striking types of track for monitoring wheel and axle positions. As long as the number of impacts detected remains constant, the vehicle association will carry the train trailer with it. Furthermore, when using multi-channel, diversely constructed sensors, it is not only possible to record and evaluate the mechanical stress on associated vehicle components, but also to infer the temperature at the point of origin of the event messages from the phase difference of the high-frequency signals. Such sensors can preferably be used to detect hot runners.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

In order to detect damages on railway vehicles and/or tracks, sensors are mounted in the railway vehicles, wherein said sensors react to mechanical stress and transform the mechanical energy exerted upon them into high-frequency electrical energy. Said sensors have a transformer with piezo elements or induction devices and operate without power supply of their own. The sensors are embedded in a mass-spring system absorbing part of the mechanical stress exerted upon the sensors. Only shock and impact loads exceeding a predetermined minimum value are sensed by the sensors. The mechanical stress to be absorbed by the mass-spring system must be determined by conducting test drives on reference tracks. Event information of the sensors is transmitted wireless to a selected vehicle of the train and intelligently evaluated. The fact that individual sensors or all sensors of the same type have successively reacted indicates whether the interference event has occurred on the vehicle side or on the track side.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren zur Erkennung von Schäden an Schienenfahrzeugen und/oder GleisenProcess for the detection of damage to rail vehicles and / or tracks
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erkennung sich anbahnender oder plötzlich auftretender Schäden an Schienenfahrzeugen und/oder Gleisen, soweit diese Schäden Auswirkungen haben auf die Fahrqualität der Fahrzeuge, unter Verwendung von örtlich auf den Fahrzeugen verteilt angeordneter Sensoren zum Erfassen des Schwingungsverhaltens vorgegebener Fahrzeugkomponenten oder -komponentenanordnungen.The invention relates to a method for detecting impending or suddenly occurring damage to rail vehicles and / or tracks, insofar as these damages have an impact on the driving quality of the vehicles, using sensors distributed locally on the vehicles to detect the vibration behavior of predetermined vehicle components or -component arrangements.
Derartige Verfahren sind aus der DE 195 80 680 Tl und 195 80 682 Tl bekannt. Die dort auf den Schienenfahrzeugen verwendeten Sensoren reagieren auf Beschleunigungen, Schwingungen und mechanische Stöße. Die Sensormeldungen werden als elektrische Signale über Leitungsverbindungen an fahrzeugsei- tige Bewertungseinrichtungen übermittelt. Für das Generieren und Übertragen der Sensormeldungen werden auf den Fahrzeugen Stromversorgungseinrichtungen benötigt. Damit ist es quasi ausgeschlossen, etwaige Schäden an Güterfahrzeugen erkennen zu können.Such methods are known from DE 195 80 680 Tl and 195 80 682 Tl. The sensors used there on the rail vehicles react to accelerations, vibrations and mechanical shocks. The sensor messages are transmitted as electrical signals via line connections to vehicle-side evaluation devices. Power supply devices are required on the vehicles to generate and transmit the sensor messages. It is therefore virtually impossible to be able to identify any damage to freight vehicles.
Aus der älteren internationalen PatentanmeldungFrom the older international patent application
PCT/DE 98/00403 ist eine Anordnung zur Erzeugung kodierter Hochfrequenzsignale bekannt, bei der mechanische Primärenergie zunächst in niederfrequente elektrische Energie und diese dann in hochfrequente elektrische Energie umgeformt wird. Diese hochfrequente elektrische Energie dient über eine Kodierungseinrichtung zur Erzeugung eines kodierten Signales, das die auf die Anordnung einwirkende mechanische Beanspruchung kennzeichnet. Zur Wandlung mechanischer Primärenergie in elektrische Energie werden Piezo-Elemente oder Induktions- einrichtungen verwendet, die ohne eigene Stromversorgungen auskommen. Die von den Wandlern erzeugten elektrischen Energien reichen aus, um die kodierten Hochfrenquenzsignale per Funk über eine gewisse Entfernung zu übermitteln.PCT / DE 98/00403 an arrangement for generating coded high-frequency signals is known, in which mechanical primary energy is first converted into low-frequency electrical energy and this is then converted into high-frequency electrical energy. This high-frequency electrical energy is used via a coding device to generate a coded signal which characterizes the mechanical stress acting on the arrangement. Piezo elements or induction devices that do not have their own power supplies are used to convert mechanical primary energy into electrical energy get along. The electrical energy generated by the transducers is sufficient to transmit the coded radio frequency signals over a certain distance by radio.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 zu schaffen, daß auch für die Verwendung bei Güterfahrzeugen geeignet ist, d. h. auf den Fahrzeugen zum Erzeugen der Sensorsignale ohne eigene Stromversorgung auskommt, nur einen geringen Aufwand für die Bewertung der Sensormeldungen benötigt und eine Differenzierung nach fahrzeugseitigen und streckenseitigen Störungen ermöglicht.The object of the present invention is to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which is also suitable for use in goods vehicles, d. H. on the vehicles for generating the sensor signals does not need its own power supply, only requires a small amount of effort for the evaluation of the sensor messages and enables a differentiation according to vehicle and trackside faults.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1. Danach werden als Sensoren an sich bekannte OFW-Sensoren verwendet, die so in und an den Fahrzeugen angebracht sind, daß erst ab einer bestimmten mechanischen Mindestbeanspruchung durch Vibrationen, Stöße und ähnliches Ereignismeldungen ausgegeben werden. Diese Ereig- nismeldungen werden dahingehend bewertet, ob sie sich unter dem Zuge fortpflanzen oder nur einem oder einigen Sensoren zuzuordnen sind. Im ersten Fall handelt es sich offensichtlich um ein streckenseitiges Ereignis, z. B. einen Schienenstoß, der überfahren wurde und im zweiten Fall offensichtlich um ein fahrzeugseitiges Ereignis, das Auswirkungen nur auf einen oder einige Sensoren hat.The invention solves this problem by the characterizing features of claim 1. Thereafter, known SAW sensors are used as sensors, which are mounted in and on the vehicles in such a way that vibrations, shocks and similar event messages are only output from a certain minimum mechanical stress become. These event reports are evaluated according to whether they propagate under the train or can only be assigned to one or a few sensors. In the first case, it is obviously a track-side event, e.g. B. a rail joint that has been run over and in the second case is obviously a vehicle-side event that affects only one or some sensors.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angege- ben.Advantageous refinements and developments of the method according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nachstehend näher erläutert . Auf den Fahrzeugen eines Fahrzeugverbandes gibt es jeweils in der Nähe vorgegebener Fahrzeugkomponenten mit diesen in Wirkverbindung stehende Sensoren, die auf mechanische Beanspruchungen wie z. B. Geräusche, Schwingungen, Vibrationen, Stöße und Schläge reagieren. Solche Sensoren sind an sich bekannt. Für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden speziell ausgebildete Sensoren verwendet, wie sie in der älteren internationalen Patentanmeldung PCT/DE 98/00403 im einzelnen offenbart sind. Dort wird über OFW-Sensoren berichtet, die mechanische Primärenεrgie in niederfrequente elektrische Energie und diese in hochfrequente elektrische Energie umformen. Diese hochfrequente Energie erzeugt über eine Kodiereinrichtung Hochfrequenzsignale, welche nach Frequenz und/oder Amplitude ein Maß für die auf den jeweiligen Sensor wirkende Primärenergie darstellen. Für das Umformen der mechanischen Energie in die elektrische Energie und die Generierung der Hochfrequenzsignale wird keine gesonderte Energieversorgung benötigt. Vielmehr ist die Anordnung so ausgelegt, daß sie diese Energie über ein Piezoelemenent oder eine Induktions- einrichtung selbst erzeugt.The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below. On the vehicles of a vehicle association there are in each case in the vicinity of predefined vehicle components with these sensors which are operatively connected and which are sensitive to mechanical loads such as e.g. B. Noises, oscillations, vibrations, shocks and impacts react. Such sensors are known per se. Specially trained sensors are used for the application of the method according to the invention, as are disclosed in detail in the older international patent application PCT / DE 98/00403. SAW sensors are reported there which convert mechanical primary energy into low-frequency electrical energy and convert it into high-frequency electrical energy. This high-frequency energy generates, via a coding device, high-frequency signals which, in terms of frequency and / or amplitude, represent a measure of the primary energy acting on the respective sensor. No separate energy supply is required for converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy and for generating the high-frequency signals. Rather, the arrangement is designed such that it generates this energy itself via a piezo element or an induction device.
Die Sensoren dienen jeweils zur Überwachung einer bestimmten Fahrzeugkomponente wie z. B. einem Achslager oder einer aus mehreren Fahrzeugkomponenten bestehenden Komponentenanodrnung wie z. B. einem Drehgestell. Es lassen sich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fahrzeugkomponenten durch entsprechende Sensoren überwachen, die auf mechanische Beanspruchungen reagieren. Solche Sensoren können beispielsweise auch zum Überwachen der Fahrzeugaufhängung oder zur Überwachung von Dämp- fungsgliedern verwendet sein.The sensors are used to monitor a specific vehicle component such as. B. an axle bearing or a component anodrnung consisting of several vehicle components such. B. a bogie. A large number of different vehicle components can be monitored by appropriate sensors that react to mechanical loads. Such sensors can also be used, for example, to monitor the vehicle suspension or to monitor attenuators.
Die Sensoren wirken mit in den Fahrzeugen installierten Masse-Feder-Systemen zusammen, die so beschaffen sind, daß erst ab einer vorgebbaren mechanischen Mindestbeanspruchung ent- sprechende Hochfrequenzsignale = Ereignismeldungen ausgegeben werden. Diese Masse-Feder-Systeme können einstellbar sein oder aber sie sind auf einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall zugeschnitten und so dimensioniert, daß alle als normal einzustufenden mechanischen Belastungen der Sensoren absorbiert wer- den und so nicht zur Ausgabe von Ereignismeldungen führen, welche einen möglicherweise gefährlichen Zustand anzeigen könnten. Die entsprechenden mechanischen Sensorbeeinflussungen, die durch die Masse-Feder-Systeme absorbiert werden sollen, lassen sich vorab bei Testfahrten auf Referenzgleisen bestimmen. Die Masse-Feder-Systeme sind dann so auszulegen, daß nur mechanische Beanspruchungen oberhalb des vorgegebenen Grenzwertes zum Ausgeben von Ereignismeldungen führen. Dabei kann für jeden Sensor zum Überwachen einer Fahrzeugkomponente oder Fahrzeugkomponentenanordnung ein anderer Schwellwert vorgegeben werden, je nach dem wie groß die im Normalbetrieb auftretenden als unkritisch anzusehenden mechanischen Beeinflussungen dort sind.The sensors interact with mass-spring systems installed in the vehicles, which are designed in such a way that high-frequency signals = event messages are only output from a predeterminable mechanical minimum load become. These mass-spring systems can be adjustable, or they are tailored to a specific application and dimensioned in such a way that all mechanical loads of the sensors which are to be classified as normal are absorbed and thus do not lead to the output of event messages which indicate a possibly dangerous state could. The corresponding mechanical sensor influences that are to be absorbed by the mass-spring systems can be determined in advance during test drives on reference tracks. The mass-spring systems are then to be designed in such a way that only mechanical stresses above the specified limit value lead to the output of event messages. A different threshold value can be specified for each sensor for monitoring a vehicle component or vehicle component arrangement, depending on how large the mechanical influences occurring in normal operation are to be regarded as uncritical.
Die gegebenenfalls ausgelösten Ereignismeldungen werden drahtlos an eine Bewertungseinrichtung übermittelt. Diese Be- wertungseinrichtung kann sich auf dem Fahrzeug befinden, von dem die Ereignismeldungen stammen, oder auf einem ausgewählten Fahrzeug des Fahrzeugverbandes. Dorthin sind dann die von den Sensoren generierten Hochfrequenzsignale oder daraus ab- geleitete Größen zu übertragen und zwar entweder leitungsgebunden oder per Funk. Bei einem entsprechenden Aufwand an Antennentechnik ist es dabei sogar möglich, die Hochfrequenzsignale von den einzelnen Fahrzeugen über einen zwischen Schienenbett und Zugunterseite gebildeten Hohlleiter an das ausge- wählte Fahrzeug zu übertragen. Die Ereignismeldungen sind zur eindeutigen Zuordnung zu den einzelnen Sensoren oder Fahrzeugkomponenten mit entsprechenden unveränderlichen Identifikationskennzeichen zu versehen, die wie die Ereignismeldungen von den Sensoren generiert werden können. Auf den einzelnen Fahrzeugen oder auf dem ausgewählten Fahrzeug ist eine intelligente Bewertung der Ereignismeldungen vorgesehen. Dort findet eine zeitliche Bewertung der von einander entsprechenden Sensoren stammenden Ereignismeldungen statt. Aus dem Umstand, daß solche Ereignismeldungen aufeinanderfolgend von den über die Fahrzeuge des Fahrzeugsverbandes verteilt angeordneten Sensoren gemeldet werden, läßt sich eindeutig darauf schließen, daß das dokumentierte Ereignis sich auf die Fahrstrecke bezieht. Ein solches Ereignis kann z. B. das Überfahren eines Schienenstoßes oder eines Weichenbereiches sein. Wenn Ereignismeldungen nur einem oder einzelnen Sensoren zuzuordnen sind, kann auf ein Ereignis am betreffenden Fahrzeug, z. B. eine Flachstelle oder ein schadhaftes Achslager, geschlossen werden. Auch dann kann es von Vorteil sein, eine Störungsmeldung erst dann auszugeben, wenn solche Ereignismeldungen häufiger, möglicherweise zyklisch, oder ständig ausgegeben werden.The event messages which may have been triggered are transmitted wirelessly to an evaluation device. This evaluation device can be located on the vehicle from which the event messages originate or on a selected vehicle of the vehicle association. The high-frequency signals generated by the sensors or the quantities derived from them are then to be transmitted there, either by wire or by radio. With a corresponding expenditure on antenna technology, it is even possible to transmit the high-frequency signals from the individual vehicles to the selected vehicle via a waveguide formed between the rail bed and the underside of the train. For unambiguous assignment to the individual sensors or vehicle components, the event messages are to be provided with corresponding, unchangeable identification marks which, like the event messages, can be generated by the sensors. An intelligent evaluation of the event messages is provided on the individual vehicles or on the selected vehicle. There, a temporal evaluation of the event messages originating from corresponding sensors takes place. From the fact that such event messages are successively reported by the sensors distributed over the vehicles of the vehicle association, it can be clearly concluded that the documented event relates to the route. Such an event can e.g. B. the crossing of a rail joint or a switch area. If event messages can only be assigned to one or individual sensors, an event on the vehicle in question, e.g. B. a flat spot or a damaged axle bearing can be closed. Even then, it can be advantageous to only issue a fault message if such event messages are issued more frequently, possibly cyclically, or continuously.
Das einmalige Auftreten einer Störung an der ersten Achse des ersten Fahrzeugs eines Fahrzeugverbandes kann regelmäßig als streckenseitige Ereignis angesehen werden. Solche Beeinflussungen entstehen, wenn das Führungsfahrzeug einen auf einer Schiene liegenden Fremdkörper, z. B. einen kleineren Stein, zermahlt oder gegen einen auf den Gleisen liegenden Ast fährt, der durch den Aufprall aus dem Lichtraumprofil der Fahrzeuge herausgeschleudert wird. Verkeilen sich dagegen Teile eines solchen Astes oder eines sonstigen Fremdkörpers am Fahrzeug und führen diese zu mechanischen Beanspruchungen irgendwelcher Sensoren, so ist dies aus der örtlichen und zeitlichen Bewertung der Sensorsignale erkennbar.The one-time occurrence of a fault on the first axis of the first vehicle of a vehicle association can regularly be regarded as an event on the track side. Such influences arise when the lead vehicle has a foreign body lying on a rail, e.g. B. a smaller stone, ground or against a branch lying on the rails, which is thrown out of the clearance profile of the vehicles by the impact. If, however, parts of such a branch or other foreign body become wedged on the vehicle and lead to mechanical stresses of any sensors, this can be seen from the local and temporal evaluation of the sensor signals.
Als besonders vorteilhaft zur Unterscheidung von Ereignismeldungen für das Erkennen streckenseitiger und fahrzeugseitiger Störungen wird die geschwindigkeitsabhängige und/oder achsmu- sterbezogene Auswertung der Hochfrequenzsignale der einzelnen Sensoren angesehen. Hier läßt sich das Durchreichen einer Störung unter einem fahrenden Zug von der Zugspitze bis zum Zugschluß über die Geschwindigkeit bzw. die Achsmusterfolge eindeutig einem bestimmten Streckengeschehen zuordnen. Die Amplituden der Hochfrequenzsignale und gegebenenfalls auch deren Frequenzen sagen etwas aus über die Art der mechanischen Beanspruchung des Sensors und damit auf das mögliche Störgeschehen. So werden sich Sensorbeeinflussungen z. B. durch schadhafte Dämpfungsglieder deutlich unterscheiden von entsprechenden Sensormeldungen bei gebrochenen Fahrzeugaufhängungen.The speed-dependent and / or axle pattern-related evaluation of the high-frequency signals of the individual is particularly advantageous for distinguishing event messages for the detection of track-side and vehicle-side faults Viewed sensors. The passing of a fault under a moving train from the Zugspitze to the end of the train can be clearly assigned to a specific route event via the speed or the axis pattern sequence. The amplitudes of the high-frequency signals and possibly also their frequencies say something about the type of mechanical stress on the sensor and thus about the possible interference. So sensor influences z. B. by defective attenuators clearly distinguish from corresponding sensor messages in broken vehicle suspensions.
Durch Anordnung eines zusätzlichen Sensors auf dem jeweils letzten Fahrzeug eines Fahrzeugverbandes, der so beschaffen ist, daß er im Gegensatz zu den übrigen Sensoren im Normalbetrieb, also ohne Störbeeinflussung, ständig oder häufig Ereignismeldungen ausgibt, ist es möglich, auf einem ausgewählten Fahrzeug des Fahrzeugverbandes das Vorhandensein des Zugschlusses zu überwachen. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß der Sensor in ein außerordentlich hartes Masse-Feder-System einzubetten ist, so daß bei den bei Fahrt verursachten Zugschwankungen bereits die dann als gefahrlos zu klassifizierenden Ereignismeldungen generiert, ausgegeben und übertragen werden.By arranging an additional sensor on the last vehicle of a vehicle association, which is designed in such a way that, in contrast to the other sensors, it continuously or frequently outputs event messages in normal operation, i.e. without interference, it is possible to do this on a selected vehicle of the vehicle association Monitor the presence of the end of the train. This is achieved in that the sensor is to be embedded in an extremely hard mass-spring system, so that when the train fluctuations are caused while driving, the event messages which are then to be classified as safe are generated, output and transmitted.
Zugschlußmeldungen können aber ohne jeglichen Zusatzaufwand auch dadurch gewonnen werden, daß das ausgewählte Fahrzeug die beim Überfahren von Schienenstößen und anderen markanten Gleisorten an den Fahrzeugsensoren zum Überwachen von Rad- und Achslagen auftretenden Stoßbelastungen erfaßt und aufsummiert. Solange die Anzahl der dabei detektierten Stöße konstant bleibt, führt der Fahrzeugverband das Zugschlußfahrzeug mit sich. Weiterhin ist es möglich, bei Verwendung mehrkanaliger diver- sitär aufgebauter Sensoren nicht nur die mechanische Beanspruchung zugehöriger Fahrzeugkomponenten zu erfassen und zu bewerten, sondern auch aus der Phasendifferenz der Hochfre- quenzsignale auf die Temperatur am Entstehungsort der Ereignismeldungen zu schließen. Solche Sensoren können vorzugsweise zum Erfassen von Heißläufern verwendet werden. Train termination messages can, however, also be obtained without any additional effort in that the selected vehicle detects and adds up the shock loads that occur on the vehicle sensors when monitoring rail joints and other striking types of track for monitoring wheel and axle positions. As long as the number of impacts detected remains constant, the vehicle association will carry the train trailer with it. Furthermore, when using multi-channel, diversely constructed sensors, it is not only possible to record and evaluate the mechanical stress on associated vehicle components, but also to infer the temperature at the point of origin of the event messages from the phase difference of the high-frequency signals. Such sensors can preferably be used to detect hot runners.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Erkennung sich anbahnender oder plötzlich auftretender Schäden an Schienenfahrzeugen und/oder Gleisen, soweit diese Schäden Auswirkungen haben auf die Fahrqualität der Fahrzeuge, unter Verwendung von örtlich auf den Fahrzeugen verteilt angeordneten Sensoren zum Erfassen des Schwingungsverhaltens vorgegebener Fahrzeugkomponenten oder - komponentenanordnungen, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die auf die Sensoren wirkenden mechanischen Energien in hochfrequente elektrische Energien umgeformt und hieraus kodierte Hochfrequenzsignale gebildet werden, welche die Größe der auf die Sensoren wirkenden mechanischen Energien sowie die Identität des betreffenden Sensors oder der betreffenden Fahrzeugkomponente bezeichnen, daß die Sensoren mit an den Fahrzeugen installierten Masse- Feder-Systemen zusammenwirken, die so beschaffen sind, daß erst ab einer vorgebbaren mechanischen Mindestbeanspruchung entsprechende Ereignismeldungen ausgegeben werden und daß die Hochfrequenzsignale an eine fahrzeugseitige Bewertungseinrichtung übertragen und dort bewertet werden dergestalt, daß aus dem Umstand, daß etwaige Ereignismeldungen zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend den über die Fahrzeuge des Fahr- zeugverbandes verteilt angeordneten Sensoren zuzuordnen sind, auf ein Störungsereignis an der Fahrstrecke und aus dem Umstand, daß diese Ereignismeldungen nur einem oder einzelnen Sensoren zuzuordnen sind, auf ein Störungsereignis am betreffenden Fahrzeug geschlossen wird.1. A method for the detection of impending or suddenly occurring damage to rail vehicles and / or tracks, insofar as this damage has an impact on the driving quality of the vehicles, using sensors arranged locally distributed on the vehicles for detecting the vibration behavior of predetermined vehicle components or component arrangements that the mechanical energies acting on the sensors are converted into high-frequency electrical energies and coded high-frequency signals are formed therefrom, which denote the size of the mechanical energies acting on the sensors and the identity of the relevant sensor or the relevant vehicle component, that the sensors are attached to the vehicles installed mass-spring systems work together, which are designed in such a way that appropriate event messages are only output from a predefinable mechanical minimum load and there the high-frequency signals are transmitted to a vehicle-side evaluation device and evaluated there in such a way that from the fact that event messages can be successively assigned to the sensors distributed over the vehicles of the vehicle association to a fault event on the route and from the fact that these Event messages can only be assigned to one or individual sensors, which indicates a fault event on the vehicle in question.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Beschaffenheit der Masse-Feder-Systeme so gewählt ist, daß mechanische Beeinflussungen wie sie sich an den Sen- soren beim Befahren von in ordnungsgerechtem Zustand befind- liehen Referenzgleisen bei ordnungsgerechtem Zustand der fahrzeugseitigen Komponenten einstellen, im Masse-Feder-System absorbiert werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nature of the mass-spring systems is selected so that mechanical influences such as those on the sensors when driving from are in proper condition. Set reference tracks if the components on the vehicle are in good condition, are absorbed in the mass-spring system.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Hochfrequenzsignale von einer dafür vorgesehenen Empfangseinrichtung auf dem jeweiligen Fahrzeug empfangen und dort ggf. bewertet werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the high-frequency signals received by a dedicated receiving device on the respective vehicle and evaluated there if necessary.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,2 oder 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Hochfrequenzsignale per Funk oder leitungsgebunden an ein ausgewähltes Fahrzeug des Fahrzeugverbandes übertragen und dort gemeinsam bewertet werden.4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the radio frequency signals are transmitted by radio or wired to a selected vehicle of the vehicle association and evaluated there together.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Hochfrequenzsignale von den Fahrzeugen über einen zwischen Schienenbett und Zug-Unterseite gebildeten Hohlleiter an das ausgewählte Fahrzeug übertragen werden.5. The method according to claim 4, so that the high-frequency signals are transmitted from the vehicles to the selected vehicle via a waveguide formed between the rail bed and the underside of the train.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Hochfrequenzsignale zur Unterscheidung von Ereignismeldungen für streckenseitige und fahrzeugseitige Störungsereignis in ihrer zeitlichen Folge geschwindigkeitsabhängig und/oder achsmusterbezogen bewertet werden.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the high-frequency signals to distinguish event messages for trackside and vehicle-side fault event in their temporal sequence are speed-dependent and / or axis pattern-related.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß aus dem wiederholten Auftreten von Ereignismeldungen an einem Sensor auf eine Störung oder eine sich anbahnende Störung an mindestens einer von diesem Sensor überwachten Fahr- Zeugkomponente geschlossen wird. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that from the repeated occurrence of event messages on a sensor a fault or an impending fault is concluded at least one vehicle component monitored by this sensor.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß aus der zeitlichen Bewertung der Phasendifferenz der Hochfrequenzsignale eines mehrkanalig diversitär aufgebauten Sensors auf die Temperatur am Entstehungsort einer Ereignismeldung geschlossen wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, so that the temperature difference at the point of origin of an event message is inferred from the time evaluation of the phase difference of the high-frequency signals of a multi-channel, diversely constructed sensor.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß auf dem letzten Fahrzeug eines Fahrzeugverbandes ein zusätzliches sensorüberwachtes hartes Masse-Feder-System installiert wird, dessen bei Schwankungen des Zuges ausgelöste Ereignismeldungen in dem ausgewählten Fahrzeug als Zugschluß- meidungen gewertet werden.9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, so that an additional sensor-monitored hard mass-spring system is installed on the last vehicle of a vehicle association, the event messages triggered in the event of fluctuations in the train being evaluated as train avoidances in the selected vehicle.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß vom ausgewählten Fahrzeug aus dem Vorhandensein einer im- mer gleichen Anzahl von Ereignismeldungen beim Befahren von Schienenstößen und sonstigen Schienenanomalien auf das Mitführen seines Schlußfahrzeugs geschlossen wird. 10. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 9, so that the selected vehicle, based on the presence of an ever equal number of event messages when driving on rail impacts and other rail anomalies, concludes that it is carrying its final vehicle.
PCT/DE1999/002225 1998-08-12 1999-07-15 Method for detecting damages on railway vehicles and/or tracks WO2000009378A1 (en)

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