JPH0815098A - Method for detecting riding comfort and abnormal vibration of railway vehicle, and method for discriminating state of buffer for vehicle and track - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method by which the safety of a railway vehicle can be always secured and the state of a track and the deterioration of the buffer system of the vehicle, such as the spring, damper, etc., can be easily discriminated by calculating and displaying the comfortablenss and abnormal vibration of the vehicle in real time while the vehicle is run. CONSTITUTION:The leftward and rightward vibrational acceleration signals and upward and downward vibrational acceleration signals of a railway vehicle detected by means of a vibrational accelerometer set on the car body or bogie of the vehicle are inputted to a processor and the processor evaluates the riding comfort and abnormal vibration of the vehicle by performing arithmetic processing on the signals after the signals are converted into digital signals by means of an A/D converter in the processor. In addition, the processor records the found riding comfort and abnormal vibration of the vehicle in one running section of the vehicle as a data base and detects the worsened point of a track and the deterioration of the buffer of the vehicle by comparing evaluated results obtained at future running time with the stored results.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of detecting riding comfort and abnormal sway of a railway vehicle, and a method of determining a track condition and deterioration of a shock absorber of the railway vehicle based on the detection result.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method for evaluating the riding comfort of a railway vehicle, for example, there is a method of obtaining a vibration acceleration of the vehicle and comparing the measured vibration with an equidistant curve of a human body. In order to evaluate the riding comfort, it is necessary to comprehensively grasp the swaying state of the vehicle including the time change, but these points have not been taken into consideration in the conventional method.

Therefore, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned problems, in the vibration occurrence frequency measuring and evaluating method, vibration measurement is performed by the vibration measuring means to measure the period of the periodic signal included in the measurement signal of the vibration measurement and its peak value. Proposal of a method (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 5-654) in which the frequency of occurrence of a cycle and its peak value is determined within a certain measuring gauge, and the sway state is evaluated by the distribution of the cycle and its peak value included in the vibration signal. Was done. However, this shaking motion frequency measuring and evaluating method evaluates the riding comfort of the vehicle from the vibration frequency of the vehicle, but does not perform real-time processing and display. Nor is it for calculating and processing abnormal vibrations.

[0004]

As described above, the conventional shaking occurrence frequency measuring and evaluating method evaluates the ride comfort of the vehicle from the vibration frequency of the vehicle, but does not perform real-time processing and display. Nor is it for calculating and processing abnormal vibrations. Moreover, we did not evaluate deterioration of the track condition and shock absorber system such as vehicle springs and dampers from the obtained data.

In railway vehicles, safety is the most important item, and riding comfort management and track management are very important in order to improve riding comfort. Deterioration of the shock absorber system such as springs and dampers, which causes a deterioration in riding comfort leading to vehicle safety, is found by a periodic inspection performed at regular intervals and repaired or replaced. Therefore, it was very difficult to find out the failure of the shock absorber that occurred before the next periodical inspection at the time of the occurrence. In addition, is it possible to find out the deteriorated point of the track by the maintenance staff?
It was carried out by a time-consuming method such as making a judgment using a large-scale device such as a track inspection vehicle.

The present invention eliminates the problems found in the conventional methods of evaluating the riding comfort as described above, and calculates and displays the riding comfort and abnormal vibrations of a railway vehicle in real time during traveling, thereby ensuring the safety of the vehicle. The present invention provides a detection method that can always be ensured and that can easily determine the track condition and the deterioration of the shock absorber system such as the spring and damper of the vehicle from the obtained data.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A detection method for evaluating the riding comfort of a railway vehicle according to the present invention provides a plurality of lateral vibration acceleration signals and a plurality of vertical vibration acceleration signals detected by a vibration accelerometer provided on a vehicle body. Simultaneously input to the processor, digitized by the A / D converter in the processor, and then arithmetically processed for a plurality of left and right and up and down vibrations using the following equation 1 to simultaneously obtain respective ride comfort L, Based on the riding comfort classifications or riding comfort levels shown in Table 1 below, the riding comfort in multiple locations and in multiple directions is evaluated in real time.

[0008]

[Equation 4] However, L: Ride comfort level (dB) a _ref : Reference acceleration (drift value) 10 ^-5 (m / s ² ) a _w (t): Vibration acceleration after weighting (m / s ² ) T: Average time

[0009]

[Table 2]

Further, according to the present invention, an abnormal vibration detection method for evaluating abnormal vibration of a railroad vehicle inputs a horizontal vibration acceleration signal and a vertical vibration acceleration signal detected by a vibration accelerometer provided on a vehicle body or a truck to a processing device. , Digitized by an A / D converter in the processor,
The peak value A of the amplitude after applying the low-pass filter is A ≧ 0.4 (G) when the vehicle body lateral vibration, A ≧ 0.5 (G) when the vehicle body vertical vibration, and A ≧ 2. Two
(G), A ≧ 2.2 (G) when the bogie vertically vibrates,
In addition, when the vibration frequency 1 / 2B at that time satisfies the following two expressions, it is regarded as abnormal vibration and evaluated in real time.

[0011]

(Equation 5) However, v: vehicle speed s ₁ : 1-axis snake action wavelength s ₂ : 2-axis snake action wavelength 2a: trolley axle distance G: gravitational acceleration 2b: track gauge r: wheel radius α: tread slope

[0012]

(Equation 6)

In the method for determining the track condition according to the present invention, the ride comfort of one running section of a train is continuously obtained by the detecting method according to claim 1, and the abnormal sway is continuously obtained by the detecting method according to claim 2. The ride comfort evaluation and the abnormal fluctuation are input as a database into a comparison computing unit, and the trains obtained by continuously acquiring the ride comfort and the trains of an equivalent vehicle in the same manner as described above are used. The comfort evaluation and the abnormal fluctuation are input to the comparison calculator and are compared and calculated with a database, and a point where the ride comfort evaluation is lowered or a point where the abnormal fluctuation is increased or generated is detected and set as a state deterioration point.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining deterioration of a shock absorber of a railroad vehicle, wherein the ride comfort of one running section of a train is continuously obtained by the detection method according to the first aspect of the invention, and abnormal fluctuations are similarly obtained. Continuously, the ride comfort evaluation and abnormal fluctuation are input as a database into a comparison calculator, and when the train or a train of an equivalent vehicle travels in the traveling section, the same method as described above is used. Vehicles whose riding comfort evaluations are lower than those of other vehicles in the formation or equivalent vehicles by inputting the riding comfort evaluations and abnormal fluctuations that have been obtained continuously into the comparison computing unit and performing a comparative calculation with the database, or abnormal fluctuations Is detected, and it is determined that the shock absorbers such as springs and dampers of the vehicle are deteriorated.

[0015]

The riding comfort of the railway vehicle can be evaluated in real time as the riding comfort level L using the above formula 1 by the following method. Each vibration acceleration of the vehicle body is weighted by using a filter having a characteristic of the reciprocal of the equidistant curve in FIG. 1, and is set as a _w (t). Then, the obtained riding comfort level L is evaluated by the classification shown in Table 1 above.

In the above formula 1, since it is necessary to set the average time T, for example, by setting T = 2 sec or 5 sec, the value for the past 2 seconds or the past 5 seconds can be obtained. The vibration acceleration signal shown in FIG. 2 (a) is input to the processor, digitized by the A / D converter in the processor, and then arithmetically processed by the equation 1 to obtain the ride comfort level L, The data is output and recorded, but the sampling time at the time of A / D conversion at this time is set to Δt, for example, Δt = 10 m · sec, and real-time evaluation can be performed every Δt. Also, for example, in FIG.
As shown in, the value obtained at that time and T in the past T seconds
An average of / Δt data may be output and recorded.

Abnormal shaking of a railroad vehicle can be evaluated in real time by the following method. In the calculation shown in FIG. 2B, the waveform shown in FIG. 4B is obtained by applying a low-pass filter to the vibration acceleration waveform obtained from the vibration acceleration signal shown in FIG. 4A, for example. The peak value A (n) of the amplitude of this waveform is A (n) ≧ 0.4 (G) when the vehicle body lateral vibration, and A (n) when the vehicle body vertical vibration.
≧ 0.5 (G), A (n) ≧ 2.2 when the bogie laterally vibrates
(G), A (n) ≧ 2.2 (G) when the bogie vertically vibrates, and when the vibration frequency 1 / 2B (n) at that time satisfies the following expression, it is evaluated as abnormal vibration in real time.

[0018]

(Equation 7)

When the abnormal fluctuation continues,
It is possible to provide a control system that sends a command to a device for stopping the vehicle in consideration of the safety of the vehicle to stop the vehicle.

In order to evaluate the deterioration of the shock absorber system and the deterioration of the track condition according to the present invention, the ride comfort,
Abnormal vibration value (A (n)) and frequency (1 / 2B (n))
And the like) are recorded as data for one run and input as data to the comparison calculator. Then, since the vehicle and an equivalent vehicle usually travel repeatedly in the same section, the following judgment can be made from the recorded data.

That is, at some point, the riding comfort (dB value) is worse than before, or the amplitude value (A
(N)) becomes large, or when abnormal sway occurs at a point that had not previously occurred, and when that tendency appears in each data of the equivalent vehicle, it is determined that the trajectory of that point has deteriorated. To do.

Further, by comparing the respective data of the same vehicles in the same section, the riding comfort of only a certain vehicle is deteriorated, the amplitude value (A (n)) is increased, and the number of abnormal vibrations is increased. If so, it is determined that the shock absorber system such as the spring and damper of the vehicle is deteriorated. For example, comparing the data for one run of each vehicle of one formation, only one vehicle is uncomfortable to ride, or the amplitude value (A
If (n)) is large or the number of occurrences of abnormal vibration is large, it is determined that the shock absorber system of the vehicle is deteriorated,
Inspect the vehicle and replace or repair deteriorated springs and dampers to ensure the safety of the vehicle.

For example, in the case of determining the deterioration of the track condition based on the riding comfort, the average values a _i (n) of the riding comfort in the left and right directions and the up and down directions at the same point from the data of the same section and the same vehicle are used. And standard deviation σ _i (n) are obtained. Here, points n = 1, 2, ..., N, i = 1 represent the horizontal direction, and i = 2 represent the vertical direction.

Then, the new data Xi (m + 1, n)
Is obtained, the point n is a _i (n) + 1σ _i (n) ≦ X _i (m + 1, n). Orbital state deterioration caution a _i (n) + 2σ _i (n) ≦ X _i (m + 1, n) If n), the track condition deteriorates a _i (n) + 3σ _i (n) ≦ X _i (m + 1, n) if track maintenance is required a _i (n) is the average of m data (n points) σ _i (n) is m The standard deviation of individual data (n points) is judged. Normally, it is desirable to carry out track maintenance when it is judged that the track condition has deteriorated. Note that i = 1
If so, the horizontal direction of the track deteriorates, and if i = 2, the vertical direction of the track deteriorates.

Further, as a method for judging the deterioration of the shock absorber system such as the spring and damper of the vehicle, the average bi (m) = [Xi (m, 1) + ... + Xi (m ，
n)] / n average Bi = [bi (1) + bi (2) + ...
... bi (n)] / m and standard deviation Σi, and when data bi (m + 1) of the vehicle to be judged is obtained Bi + 1Σi ≦ bi (m + 1) If the deterioration of the buffer system is noticed If Bi + 2Σi ≦ bi (m + 1) Buffer system Deterioration If Bi + 3Σi ≦ bi (m + 1), replace the buffer or perform maintenance. Here, it is assumed that if i = 1, the left and right buffers deteriorate, and if i = 2, the upper and lower buffers deteriorate. Further, from the abnormal sway, if a plurality of equivalent vehicles detect the abnormal sway at the same point, the track condition can be deteriorated. Further, if the same vehicle detects abnormal shaking a plurality of times in the same section, it is determined that the shock absorber system has deteriorated.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the outline of a railway vehicle having an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. The vehicle body 1 supported on the bogie 2 via the air spring 8 is provided with a vehicle body lateral accelerometer 4 and a vehicle body vertical accelerometer 5 respectively corresponding to the front and rear bogies, and the acceleration signals detected by the processing device 3 installed on the vehicle body are transmitted. Connect as you type. Similarly, the acceleration signals from the trolley horizontal accelerometer 6 and the trolley vertical accelerometer 7 installed on the front and rear trolleys are connected so as to be input to the processing device 3. Then, the processing device 3 records the riding comfort level and the abnormal fluctuation obtained by the arithmetic processing and outputs them to the display device, and outputs them to the vehicle control device to stop the vehicle when the abnormal vibration continuously occurs. Set up. Further, the vehicle speed and the point signal are configured to be input.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the flow of processing of the riding comfort and abnormal shaking in the above embodiment. For the evaluation of riding comfort, the detection signals from the respective vibration accelerometers of the vehicle body are input to the processing device 3, digitized by the A / D conversion device in the processing device, and then, as described in the section of the action, The ride comfort level L is calculated by the equation 1 and is evaluated and recorded in real time according to the ride comfort classification in Table 1 above. The obtained ride comfort level (dB) is shown in FIG.
Shown in FIG. 7A shows a horizontal vibration accelerometer, and FIG. 7B shows a vertical vibration accelerometer. In this case, it can be seen that it is in the range of good evaluation above the riding comfort classification shown in Table 1.

Further, in the evaluation of abnormal vibration, the detection signals from the vibration accelerometers of the car body and the truck are input to the processing device 3, digitized by the A / D conversion device in the processing device, and low-pass filtered. The peak value A of the subsequent amplitude is A ≧ 0.4 (G) when the vehicle body is oscillating laterally, and A ≧ 0.5 when the vehicle body is oscillating as described above in the section of the action.
(G), A ≧ 2.2 (G) when the vehicle oscillates horizontally, A ≧ 2.2 (G) when the vehicle vertically oscillates, and the vibration frequency 1 / 2B at that time satisfies the above two expressions It is evaluated as an abnormal upset in real time. An example of the obtained vibration detection is shown in FIG. FIG. 8 (a) shows the change in vibration acceleration.
It can be seen that there is a large acceleration change in the time period of 2 to 16 seconds. Further, FIG. 8B shows the case where the amplitude value of vibration is leveled according to its magnitude (four cases are shown in the figure) to detect abnormality, and abnormality detection is set to level 3 or higher.

Further, in determining the track condition, the ride comfort of one running section of the train is continuously obtained by the detection method, and similarly, the abnormal sway is continuously obtained by the detection method. The abnormal fluctuation is input as a database to a comparison calculator, and when the train or a train of an equivalent vehicle travels in the traveling section, the ride comfort evaluation and the abnormal fluctuation continuously obtained by the same method as described above are compared. It is input to a computing unit and compared with a database, and a point where the ride comfort evaluation is lowered or a point where abnormal vibration is increased or occurs is detected and used as a state deterioration point.

Further, the judgment of the shock absorber deterioration of the railway vehicle is carried out by continuously obtaining the evaluation of the riding comfort of one running section of the train by the above-mentioned detection method, and similarly, continuously obtaining the abnormal sway by the above-mentioned detection method. Ride comfort evaluation and abnormal fluctuation are input as a database into a comparison calculator, and when the train or a train of an equivalent vehicle travels in the traveling section, the ride comfort evaluation and abnormality are continuously obtained by the same method as described above. The vibration is input to the comparison calculator to perform a comparison calculation with the database, and a vehicle whose ride comfort evaluation is lower than other vehicles in the formation or an equivalent vehicle or a vehicle in which abnormal vibration is increased or generated is detected. However, it is determined that the shock absorbers such as springs and dampers of the vehicle are deteriorated.

If abnormal vibrations occur continuously, an abnormal signal is input to another vehicle control device to automatically stop the vehicle to ensure safety.

[0032]

According to the present invention, the riding comfort and abnormal vibrations of a railway vehicle are calculated and displayed in real time during traveling, so that the safety of the vehicle is always ensured, and the track state can be calculated from the obtained data. Deterioration and deterioration of shock absorber systems such as vehicle springs and dampers can be easily determined, and it is possible to promptly deal with correction of tracks, repair and replacement of shock absorber systems.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing an equidistant curve.

FIG. 2 (a) is a block diagram showing a flow of a process performed every Δt time for evaluating the ride comfort in real time according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a flow of processing performed every Δt time for evaluation.

FIG. 3 is a value obtained at that time and T / Δt in the past T seconds.
It is explanatory drawing which shows the average relationship with individual data.

FIG. 4 (a) is a graph showing a vertical or horizontal vibration acceleration waveform of a vehicle body or a bogie, and FIG. 4 (b) is a graph showing a vibration acceleration waveform after passing through a low-pass filter.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a vehicle having a device for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a flow of processing of vibration acceleration in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a riding comfort level (d) in the embodiment of the present invention.
7B is a graph showing B), FIG. 7A shows a case of lateral vibration acceleration, and FIG. 7B shows a case of vertical vibration acceleration.

8A and 8B are graphs showing abnormality detection in the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8A shows a change in vibration acceleration (G), and FIG. 8B shows an abnormality detection level.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 vehicle body 2 vehicle 3 processor 4 vehicle body lateral accelerometer 5 vehicle body vertical accelerometer 6 vehicle lateral accelerometer 7 vehicle vertical accelerometer 8 air spring

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of horizontal vibration acceleration signals and a plurality of vertical vibration acceleration signals detected by a vibration accelerometer provided on a vehicle body are simultaneously input to a processing device and digitized by an A / D conversion device in the processing device. After that, a plurality of left and right and up and down vibrations are respectively calculated using the following formula 1 to obtain respective ride qualities L at the same time, and the ride qualities at a plurality of locations and directions are determined in real time according to the ride comfort classifications or ride comfort levels in the table below. A method for detecting the riding comfort of a railway vehicle, which is characterized by [Equation 1] However, L: Ride comfort level (dB) _aref : Reference acceleration (threshold value) 10 ^-5 (m / s ² ) a _w (t): Vibration acceleration after weighting (m / s ² ) T: Average time [Table 1] 2. A plurality of horizontal vibration acceleration signals and a plurality of vertical vibration acceleration signals detected by a vibration accelerometer provided on a vehicle body or a truck are simultaneously input to a processing device and digitized by an A / D conversion device in the processing device. , A = 0.4 (G) when the peak value A of the amplitude after applying the low-pass filter is the lateral vibration of the vehicle body, A ≧ when the vertical vibration of the vehicle body is A ≧
0.5 (G), A ≧ 2.2 (G) when the bogie laterally vibrates,
Abnormal vibration of a railway vehicle characterized by real-time evaluation as abnormal vibration when A ≧ 2.2 (G) when the bogie vertical vibration and the vibration frequency 1 / 2B at that time satisfy the following two equations: Detection method. [Equation 2] However, v: vehicle speed s ₁ : 1-axis serpentine action wavelength s ₂ : 2-axis serpentine action wavelength 2a: bogie axle distance 2b: gauge distance r: wheel radius α: tread slope G: gravity acceleration [Equation 3] 3. The ride comfort of one running section of the train is continuously obtained by the detection method of claim 1, and similarly, the abnormal sway is continuously obtained by the detection method of claim 2, and the ride comfort is evaluated. The abnormal fluctuation is input as a database to a comparison calculator, and when the train or a train of an equivalent vehicle travels in the traveling section, the ride comfort evaluation and the abnormal fluctuation continuously obtained by the same method as described above are compared. Input to the calculator and compare and calculate with the database, the point where the ride comfort evaluation is decreasing,
Alternatively, a method for determining a track state, which is characterized by detecting a point where abnormal sway increases or has occurred and setting the point as a state deterioration point. 4. The ride comfort of one running section of a train is continuously obtained by the detection method of claim 1, and similarly, the abnormal sway is continuously obtained by the detection method of claim 2, and the ride comfort is evaluated. The abnormal fluctuation is input as a database to a comparison calculator, and when the train or a train of an equivalent vehicle travels in the traveling section, the ride comfort evaluation and the abnormal fluctuation continuously obtained by the same method as described above are compared. By inputting to a computing unit and performing a comparative calculation with a database, a vehicle whose ride comfort evaluation is lower than other vehicles in the formation or an equivalent vehicle, or a vehicle in which abnormal vibration is increased or is occurring, is detected, A method for determining deterioration of a shock absorber of a railway vehicle, which comprises determining that a shock absorber such as a spring or a damper of a vehicle is deteriorated.