EP1863918A2 - Procede de production d'alcools a activite optique, par reduction enzymatique - Google Patents

Procede de production d'alcools a activite optique, par reduction enzymatique

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Publication number
EP1863918A2
EP1863918A2 EP06724927A EP06724927A EP1863918A2 EP 1863918 A2 EP1863918 A2 EP 1863918A2 EP 06724927 A EP06724927 A EP 06724927A EP 06724927 A EP06724927 A EP 06724927A EP 1863918 A2 EP1863918 A2 EP 1863918A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enzyme
azoarcus
formula
nucleic acid
seq
Prior art date
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Application number
EP06724927A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer STÜRMER
Jürgen Däuwel
Maria Kesseler
Brigitte Achatz
Michael Breuer
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication of EP1863918A2 publication Critical patent/EP1863918A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/14—Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen
    • C07D333/16—Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen by oxygen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P41/00—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture
    • C12P41/002—Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by oxidation/reduction reactions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of optically active alkanols by enzymatic reduction of the corresponding ketones, in particular the preparation of (1S) -3-methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propan-1-oI and (1S) -3 Chloro-1- (2-thienyl) -propan-1-ol.
  • duloxetine alcohol (1S) -3-Methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propan-1-ol
  • Duloxetine alcohol is a building block in the duloxetine synthesis.
  • Duloxetine® is an active pharmaceutical ingredient that is currently being approved and is to be used in the indication areas of depression and incontinence.
  • EP-B-0273658 describes a process for the preparation of the corresponding base of duloxetines by reacting 2-acetylthiophene in a Mannich reaction with formaldehyde and dimethylamine, reduction of the keto group of the resulting Mannich base to racemic (S) -3-N, N-dimethylamino-1- (thien-2-yl) propan-1-ol, substitution of the alcohol function with naphthyl fluoride and finally conversion of the dimethylamino group into a methylamino function.
  • the desired enantiomer of the naphthyl ether is obtained by using chiral starting materials or by racemate separation at the stage of the end product, for example via the salts with optically active acids or chromatography on a chiral stationary phase.
  • No. 5,362,886 describes an analogous process in which the racemic propanol obtained after reduction of the keto group is admixed with S-mandelic acid. The resulting S-enantiomer of the alcohol is used in the subsequent reaction steps.
  • EP-A-0457559 also describes a method analogous to EP-B-0273658.
  • the keto group of Mannich base with the asymmetric reduction system LAH-Icb lithium aluminum hydride - [(2R, 2S) - (-) - 4-dimethylamino-1, 2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-butanol]
  • LAH-Icb lithium aluminum hydride - [(2R, 2S) - (-) - 4-dimethylamino-1, 2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-butanol]
  • the invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a way to stereospecific reduction of substituted alkanones, such as 3-methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propanone and 3-chloro-1- (2-thienyl) -propanone, to find , Where the reaction process should cost as quantitatively as possible lead to the product.
  • substituted alkanones such as 3-methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propanone and 3-chloro-1- (2-thienyl) -propanone
  • a first subject of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of optically active alkanols of the formula I.
  • n is an integer value of 0 to 5;
  • A is an optionally substituted C1-C6-branched or unbranched alkyl radical or a radical "Cyc",
  • Cyc is an optionally substituted, mono- or polynuclear, saturated or unsaturated, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, and R 1 is halogen, SH, OH, NO 2, NR 2 R 3 or NR 2 R 3 R 4+ X ", wherein R 2, R 3 and R 4 independently of one another alkoxy- H or a lower alkyl or Niedrigal- Rest and X "stands for a counterion,
  • n, A and R 1 have the meanings given above,
  • an enzyme (E) selected from the classes of dehydrogenases, aldehyde reductases and carbonyl reductases, incubated in the presence of reducing equivalents, wherein the compound of formula II to the compound of formula I is enzymatically reduced, and consumed in the course of the reaction Reduction equivalents by reacting a sacrificial alcohol to the corresponding sacrificial ketone with the aid of the enzyme (E) are regenerated and the sacrificial ketone is at least partially removed from the reaction medium, and isolated the product (I) formed
  • E enzyme selected from the classes of dehydrogenases, aldehyde reductases and carbonyl reductases
  • Enzymes (E) which are suitable according to the invention are, in particular, the enzymes of the families of aldo-keto-reductases of the aldo-keto-reductase superfamily (KMBohren, B.Bullock, B.Wermuth and KHGabbay J.Biol. Chem. 1989, 264, 9547-9551) and the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases / reductases (shortchain alcohol dehydrogenases / reductases [SDR]).
  • the latter enzyme group is described in detail in, for example, H.Jomvall, B.Persson, M.Krook, S.Atrian, R.
  • a particularly suitable embodiment of the invention is the use of enzymes (E) in the o.g. Method, wherein E is a polypeptide sequence (i) SEQ ID NO: 2 or
  • R 1 Cl or NHCH 3 , which is in a derivative of 1- (2-thienyl) -propanone of the formula IV
  • this compound is enzymatically reduced to the compound of formula III, and isolated the product formed in substantially enantiomerically pure form.
  • an enzyme with dehydrogenase activity which can be produced from microorganisms of the genera Azoarcus, Azonexus, Azospira, Azovibrio, Dechloromonas, Ferribacterium, Petrobacter, Propionivib ⁇ o, Quadricoccus, Rhodocyclus, Sterolibacterium, Thauera and Zoogloea.
  • Dehydrogenases from species of the genus Azoarcus are particularly preferred.
  • the phenylethanol dehydrogenase from Azoarcus sp EbN 1 can be classified as short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases / reductases (SDRs).
  • SDRs short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases / reductases
  • Azoarcus species are Azoarcus anaerobius, Azoarcus buckelii, Azoarcus communis, Azoarcus evansii, Azoarcus indigens, Azoarcus toluclasticus, Azoarcus tolulyticus, Azoarcus toluvorans, Azoarcus sp., Azoarcus sp. 22Lin, Azoarcus sp. BH72, Azoarcus sp. CC-11, Azoarcus sp. CIB, Azoarcus sp. CR23, Azoarcus sp. EB1, Azoarcus sp. EbN1, Azoarcus sp.
  • the enzyme with dehydrogenase activity is selected from enzymes which comprise an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a sequence derived therefrom in which up to 25%, preferably up to 20%, particularly preferably up to in particular up to 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1% of the amino acid residues have been altered by a deletion, a substitution, an insertion or a combination of deletion, substitution and insertion, wherein the polypeptide sequences which are modified compared to SEQ ID NO: 2 still possess at least 50%, preferably 65%, particularly preferably 80%, in particular more than 90%, of the enzymatic activity of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • R 1 Cl enantioselectively to the (S) -alcohol having the general formula (III).
  • the exact conditions for determining the enzymatic activity are given in Examples 3 and 4.
  • a sacrificial alcohol preferably iso propanol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, which is oxidized under the reaction conditions by the enzyme (E) to the corresponding sacrificial ketone.
  • the added sacrificial alcohol is used not only for the regeneration of the spent reduction equivalents, but also as a co-solvent. It is preferred to operate in a liquid 2-phase system, one phase consisting of water or water-miscible solvent, and the other phase consisting of the sacrificial alcohol. Preference is given to using 2-pentanol as the sacrificial alcohol.
  • the reduction equivalents are preferably used in an amount of from 0.001 to 100 mmol, more preferably from 0.01 to 1 mmol of reduction equivalents per mole of alkanone (II) used.
  • the sacrificial ketone formed during the regeneration of the spent reduction equivalents by oxidation of the sacrificial alcohol is at least partially removed from the reaction mixture.
  • the sacrificial ketone formed is completely removed from the reaction medium. This can be done in various ways, for example by selective membranes or by extraction or distillation processes.
  • the distillation is used to remove the ketone.
  • the distillation rates are in the range from 0.02% / min to 2% / min, preferably from 0.05% / min to 1% / min, based on the reaction volume.
  • the jacket temperatures of the reactor are between 5-70 Kelvin, preferably between 10-40 Kelvin above the internal reactor temperature.
  • the distillation is carried out particularly well in a pressure range of 1-500 mbar, preferably 10-200 mbar.
  • a preferred embodiment is the reaction of the compound of the general formula II, such as the formula IV, carried out in the presence of a microorganism which is selected from bacteria of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptomycetaceae, Rhodococcaceae and Nocardiaceae.
  • the microorganism may be a recombinant microorganism transformed with a nucleic acid construct encoding an enzyme having dehydrogenase activity as defined above.
  • the invention furthermore relates to nucleic acid sequences which encode, comprising the coding sequence for a polypeptide as defined above.
  • the invention relates to expression cassettes comprising, in operative linkage with at least one regulatory nucleic acid sequence, a coding nucleic acid sequence as defined above.
  • Another object of the invention are recombinant vectors, comprising at least one such expression cassette.
  • the invention also relates to prokaryotic or eukaryotic hosts which are transformed with at least one vector according to the invention.
  • a final object of the invention relates to the use of an enzyme having dehydrogenase activity as defined above or a microorganism producing this enzyme for the preparation of compounds of the formulas I or III, and their further processing, for example for the preparation of duloxetines (formula VIII)
  • Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, in particular fluorine or chlorine.
  • “Lower alkyl” denotes straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals of 1 to 6 C atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-propyl, n-, i-, sec- or tert-butyl, n-pentyl or 2-methyl- Butyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethyl-butyl.
  • “Lower alkenyl” represents the mono- or polysubstituted, preferably mono- or diunsaturated, analogs of the abovementioned alkyl radicals having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, it being possible for the double bond to be in any position of the carbon chain.
  • “Lower alkoxy” refers to the oxygen-terminated analogs of the above alkyl groups.
  • Aryl is a mono- or polynuclear, preferably mononuclear or dinuclear, optionally substituted aromatic radical, in particular phenyl or a naphthyl bound via an arbitrary ring position, such as 1- or 2-naphthyl
  • Aryl radicals may optionally have 1 or 2 identical or different substituents selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy as defined above or trifluoromethyl.
  • Alkanols obtainable by enzymatic catalysis according to the invention are those of the above formula (I): in which n is an integer from 0 to 5;
  • A is an optionally substituted C1-C6-branched or unbranched alkyl radical or a radical "Cyc",
  • Cyc is an optionally substituted mono- or polynuclear, saturated or unsaturated, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, and R 1 is halogen, SH, OH, NO 2 , NR 2 R 3 or NR 2 R 3 R 4 + X " , wherein R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently represent H or a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy radical and X "is a counterion.
  • alkanones of the above formula II used for the enzymatic synthesis are compounds which are known per se and are accessible using generally known organic synthesis methods (cf., for example, EP-A-0 273 658).
  • n in the above compounds is 0, 1 or 2, in particular 1.
  • alkyl radicals having one, two, three, and four carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n- and iso-propyl, n-, iso- and tert.
  • the radicals A can furthermore be monosubstituted or polysubstituted, for example monosubstituted or disubstituted.
  • suitable substituents are halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, -OH, -SH, -NO 2 or NR 2 R 3 , wherein R 2 and R 3 have the above meanings, preferably halogen or lower alkyl.
  • Cyc are, in particular, mono- or binuclear, preferably mononuclear, groups having up to 4, preferably 1 or 2, identical or different ring heteroatoms selected from among O, N and S: These carbo- or heterocyclic rings comprise in particular 3 to 12, preferably 4, 5 or 6 ring carbon atoms.
  • Examples which may be mentioned are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyne, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, the mono- or polyunsaturated analogs thereof, such as cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptadienyl; and 5- to 7-membered saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated heterocyclic radicals having 1 to 4 heteroatoms, which are selected from O, N and S, wherein the heterocycle may optionally be condensed with another heterocycle or carbocycle.
  • heterocyclic radicals derived from pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, piperidine, morpholine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, pyran, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, cumarone, indole and quinoline.
  • the radicals Cyc can be bonded to the alkanone or the alkanol via an arbitrary ring position, preferably via a ring carbon atom.
  • Suitable cyc radicals are 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl; 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl; 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl; 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl or 5-thiazolyl; 4-methyl-2-thienyl, 3-ethyl-2-thienyl, 2-methyl-3-thienyl, 4-propyl-3-thienyl, 5-n-butyl-2-thienyl, 4-methyl-3-thienyl, 3-methyl-2-thienyl; 3-chloro-2-thienyl, 4-bromo-3-thienyl, 2-iodo-3-thienyl, 5-iodo-3-thienyl, 4-fluoro-2-thienyl, 2-bromo-3-thienyl, and 4 chloro-2-thienyl.
  • the radicals Cyc can furthermore be monosubstituted or polysubstituted, for example monosubstituted or disubstituted.
  • the substituents are on a ring carbon atom.
  • suitable substituents are halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, -OH, -SH, -NO 2 or NR 2 R 3 , wherein R 2 and R 3 have the above meanings, preferably halogen or lower alkyl.
  • R 1 represents in particular halogen, NR 2 R 3 or NR 2 R 3 R 4+ X ", wherein R 2, R 3 or R 2, R 3 and R 4 independently represent H or a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy radical and X 'is a counterion, preferably one of the radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 being H.
  • Suitable counterions are, for example, acid anions, as obtained, for example, in the preparation of an acid addition salt, for example in EP-AO 273 658, to which reference is hereby made:
  • Preferred examples of radicals R 1 are in particular fluorine or chlorine, and also NR 2 R 3 in which R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are H or methyl, ethyl or n-propyl; R 1 particularly preferably represents chlorine or -NHMethyl.
  • Preferred enzymes with dehydrogenase activity comprise an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • “functional equivalents” or analogues of the specifically disclosed enzymes are different polypeptides which furthermore have the desired biological activity, such as substrate specificity. Chloro-1- (thien-2-yl) -propan-1-one reduce to the corresponding S-alcohol and the at least 50%, preferably 60%, more preferably 75%, most preferably 90% of the activity of an enzyme with having the amino acid sequence listed in SEQ ID NO: 2. Functional equivalents are also preferably between pH 4 and 10 stable and advantageously possess a pH optimum between pH 5 and 8 and a temperature optimum in the range of 2O 0 C to 80 0 C.
  • “functional equivalents” are in particular also understood to mean mutants which have a different amino acid than the one specifically mentioned in at least one sequence position of the abovementioned amino acid sequences but nevertheless possess one of the abovementioned biological activities.
  • “Functional equivalents” thus include those by one or more Amino acid additions, - substitutions, deletions and / or inversions available mutants, said changes can occur in any sequence position, as long as they lead to a mutant with the property profile according to the invention.
  • Functional equivalence is also given in particular if the patterns of reactivity between the mutant and the unchanged polypeptide match qualitatively, ie For example, the same substrates are implemented at different speeds.
  • “functional equivalents” are in particular also understood as meaning mutants which, in at least one sequence position of the abovementioned amino acid sequences, have a different amino acid than the one specifically mentioned but nevertheless have one of the abovementioned biological activities
  • “Functional equivalents” thus include those represented by a or multiple amino acid additions, substitutions, deletions and / or inversions of available mutants, said changes may occur in any sequence position, as long as they lead to a mutant with the property profile according to the invention.
  • Functional equivalence is especially given when the patterns of reactivity between see mutant and unchanged polypeptide match qualitatively, ie, for example, the same substrates are reacted at different speeds.
  • Precursors are natural or synthetic precursors of the polypeptides with or without the desired biological activity.
  • Salts are understood as meaning both salts of carboxyl groups and acid addition salts of amino groups of the protein molecules of the invention.
  • Salts of carboxyl groups can be prepared in a manner known per se and include inorganic salts such as, for example, sodium, calcium, ammonium, egg salts and salts with organic bases, such as, for example, amines, such as triethanolamine, arginine, lysine, piperidine, etc.
  • Acid addition salts for example salts with mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and salts with organic acids, such as acetic acid and Oxalic acid are also the subject of the invention.
  • “Functional derivatives” of polypeptides of the invention may also be produced at functional amino acid side groups or at their N- or C-terminal end by known techniques
  • Such derivatives include, for example, aliphatic esters of carboxylic acid groups, amides of carboxylic acid groups, obtained by reaction with ammonia or with a primary or secondary amine; N-acyl derivatives of free amino groups prepared by reaction with acyl groups; or O-acyl derivatives of free hydroxy groups prepared by reaction with acyl groups.
  • “functional equivalents” also include polypeptides that are accessible from other organisms, as well as naturally occurring variants. For example, it is possible to determine regions of homologous sequence regions by sequence comparison and to determine equivalent enzymes on the basis of the specific requirements of the invention. "Functional equivalents” likewise include fragments, preferably individual domains or sequence motifs, of the polypeptides according to the invention which, for example, have the desired biological function.
  • Fusion equivalents are also fusion proteins having one of the above-mentioned polypeptide sequences or functional equivalents derived therefrom and at least one further functionally distinct heterologous sequence in functional N- or C-terminal linkage (ie, without mutual substantial functional impairment of the fusion protein moieties)
  • heterologous sequences are, for example, signal peptides or enzymes.
  • homologs to the specifically disclosed proteins which have at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, in particular at least 85%, such as 90%, 95% or 99%, homology to one of the specifically disclosed amino acid sequences, comprising "functional equivalents" Calculated according to the algorithm of Pearson and Lipman, Proc Natl Acad, Sci. (USA) 85 (8), 1988, 2444-2448
  • a percent homology of a homologous polypeptide of the invention means, in particular, percent identity of the amino acid residues relative to the total length of one of specifically described herein.
  • “functional equivalents” include proteins of the type described above in deglycosylated or glycosylated form as well as modified forms obtainable by altering the glycosylation pattern.
  • Homologs of the proteins or polypeptides of the invention can be generated by mutagenesis, e.g. by point mutation or shortening of the protein.
  • Homologs of the proteins of the invention can be identified by screening combinatorial libraries of mutants such as truncation mutants.
  • a variegated library of protein variants can be generated by combinatorial mutagenesis at the nucleic acid level, such as by enzymatic ligation of a mixture of synthetic oligonucleotides.
  • methods that can be used to prepare libraries of potential homologs from a degenerate oligonucleotide sequence. The chemical synthesis of a degenerate gene sequence can be carried out in a DNA synthesizer, and the synthetic gene can then be ligated into a suitable expression vector.
  • degenerate gene set allows for the provision of all sequences in a mixture that encode the desired set of potential protein sequences.
  • Methods of synthesizing degenerate oligonucleotides are known to those skilled in the art (eg, Narang, SA (1983) Tetrahedron 39: 3; Itakura et al. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53: 323; Itakura et al., (1984) Science 198: 1056; Ike et al. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 477).
  • REM Recursive ensemble mutagenesis
  • the invention relates in particular to nucleic acid sequences (single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA sequences, such as, for example, cDNA and mRNA) which code for an enzyme having dehydrogenase activity according to the invention.
  • nucleic acid sequences which code, for example, for amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 2 or characteristic partial sequences thereof, or nucleic acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1 or characteristic partial sequences thereof.
  • All nucleic acid sequences mentioned herein can be prepared in a manner known per se by chemical synthesis from the nucleotide units, for example by fragment condensation of individual overlapping, complementary nucleic acid units of the double helix.
  • oligonucleotides can be carried out, for example, in a known manner by the phosphoamidite method (Voet, Voet, 2nd edition, Wiley Press New York, pages 896-897).
  • the attachment of synthetic oligonucleotides and filling of gaps with the aid of the Klenow fragment of the DNA polymerase and ligation reactions and general cloning methods are described in Sambrook et al. (1989), Molecular Cloning: A laboratory manual, CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
  • the invention also relates to nucleic acid sequences (single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA sequences, such as cDNA and mRNA) coding for one of the above polypeptides and their functional equivalents, which are e.g. accessible by using artificial nucleotide analogs.
  • nucleic acid sequences single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA sequences, such as cDNA and mRNA
  • the invention relates both to isolated nucleic acid molecules which code for polypeptides or proteins or biologically active portions thereof according to the invention, as well as nucleic acid fragments which are e.g. for use as hybridization probes or primers for the identification or amplification of coding nucleic acids of the invention.
  • nucleic acid molecules of the invention may also contain untranslated sequences from the 3 'and / or 5' end of the coding gene region
  • the invention further comprises the nucleic acid molecules complementary to the specifically described nucleotide sequences or a portion thereof.
  • the nucleotide sequences of the invention enable the generation of probes and primers useful for the identification and / or cloning of homologous sequences in other cell types and organisms.
  • probes or primers usually comprise a nucleotide sequence region which, under "stringent” conditions (see below), is at least about 12, preferably at least about 25, such as about 40, 50 or 75 consecutive nucleotides of a sense strand of one of the invention. hybridized to the invention nucleic acid sequence or a corresponding antisense strand.
  • nucleic acid molecule is separated from other nucleic acid molecules present in the natural source of the nucleic acid and, moreover, may be substantially free of other cellular material or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized.
  • a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention can be isolated by means of standard molecular biological techniques and the sequence information provided according to the invention.
  • cDNA can be isolated from a suitable cDNA library by using one of the specifically disclosed complete sequences or a portion thereof as a hybridization probe and standard hybridization techniques (such as described in Sambrook, J., Fritsch, EF and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory, Col. Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Col. Spring Harbor, NY, 1989).
  • a nucleic acid molecule comprising one of the disclosed sequences or a portion thereof can be isolated by polymerase chain reaction, using the oligonucleotide primers prepared on the basis of this sequence.
  • the thus amplified nucleic acid can be cloned into a suitable vector and characterized by DNA sequence analysis.
  • the oligonucleotides of the invention may be further purified by standard synthetic methods, e.g. with an automatic DNA synthesizer.
  • the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be identified and isolated in principle from all organisms.
  • the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention or the homologues thereof can be isolated from fungi, yeasts, archees or bacteria.
  • bacteria are called gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
  • the nucleic acids according to the invention are preferably made of ⁇ -proteobacteria, ⁇ -proteobacteria or ⁇ -proteobacteria, more preferably of bacteria of the orders of the Burkholderiales, Hydrogenophilales, Methylophilales, Neisseriales, Nitrosomonadales, Procabacterial or Rhodocyclales from Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be isolated from other organisms, for example via genomic or cDNA libraries, by conventional hybridization methods or the PCR technique, for example. These DNA sequences hybridize under standard conditions with the sequences according to the invention. For hybridization, it is advantageous to use short oligonucleotides of the conserved regions, for example from the active center, which can be determined by comparisons with a dehydrogenase according to the invention in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. However, it is also possible to use longer fragments of the nucleic acids according to the invention or the complete sequences for the hybridization.
  • nucleic acid hybrids are about 10 0 C lower than that of DNA: RNA Hy hybrid of the same length.
  • the hybridization conditions for DNA DNA hybrids at 0.1 x SSC and temperatures between about 20 0 C to 45 0 C, preferably between about 30 0 C to 45 0 C.
  • DNA RNA Hy bride the hybridization conditions are advantageous at 0.1 x SSC and temperatures between about 30 0 C to 55 0 C, preferably between about 45 0 C to 55 0 C.
  • the invention also relates to derivatives of the specifically disclosed or derivable nucleic acid sequences.
  • nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be derived from SEQ ID NO: 1 and differ therefrom by addition, substitution, insertion or deletion of individual or several nucleotides, but furthermore can code for polypeptides having the desired property profile.
  • nucleic acid sequences which comprise so-called silent mutations or are altered according to the codon usage of a specific source or host organism, in comparison with a specifically mentioned sequence, as well as naturally occurring variants, such as e.g. Splice variants or allelic variants, of which
  • Articles are also provided by conservative nucleotide substitutions (i.e., the amino acid in question is replaced by an amino acid of like charge, size, polarity, and / or solubility).
  • the invention also relates to the molecules derived by sequence polymorphisms from the specifically disclosed nucleic acids. These genetic polymorphisms can occur between individuals within a population due to natural variation exist. These natural variations usually cause a variance of 1 to 5% in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
  • Derivatives of a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention are, for example, allelic variants which have at least 40% homology at the derived amino acid level, preferably at least 60% homology, very particularly preferably at least 80, 85, 90, 93, 95 or 98% homology over the entire sequence range (for homology at the amino acid level, reference is made to the above comments on the polypeptides). About partial regions of the sequences, the homologies may be advantageous higher.
  • Derivatives also include homologs of the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention, for example fungal or bacterial homologs, truncated sequences, single stranded DNA or RNA of the coding and noncoding DNA sequence.
  • promoters upstream of the indicated nucleotide sequences may be altered by one or more nucleotide exchanges, insertions, inversions and / or deletions without, however, impairing the functionality or efficacy of the promoters.
  • the promoters can be increased in their activity by changing their sequence or can be completely replaced by more effective promoters of alien organisms.
  • Derivatives are also to be understood as variants whose nucleotide sequence has been changed in the range from -1 to -1000 bases upstream of the start codon or 0 to 1000 bases downstream after the stop codon in such a way that gene expression and / or protein expression is changed, preferably increased.
  • the invention also encompasses nucleic acid sequences which hybridize with the abovementioned coding sequences under "stringent conditions.”
  • These polynucleotides can be used in the screening of genomic or cDNA sequences. Locate banks and, if appropriate, multiply them using suitable primers using PCR and then isolate them with suitable probes, for example.
  • polynucleotides of the invention can also be chemically synthesized. This property refers to the ability of a poly- or oligonucleotide to bind under stringent conditions to a nearly complementary sequence, while under these conditions nonspecific binding between non-complementary partners is avoided.
  • the sequences should be 70-100%, preferably 90-100%, complementary.
  • oligonucleotides are used from a length of 30 base pairs.
  • stringent conditions is meant, for example, in the Northern Blot technique, the use of a 50 - 70 0 C, preferably 60 - 65 0 C warm wash solution, for example 0.1x SSC buffer with 0.1% SDS (2Ox SSC: 3M NaCl , 0.3 M Na citrate, pH 7.0) for the elution of nonspecifically hybridized cDNA probes or oligonucleotides.
  • stringent conditions is known to the person skilled in the art and is for example: in Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, NY (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6. described.
  • the invention also relates to expression constructs comprising, under the genetic control of regulatory nucleic acid sequences, a nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide according to the invention; and vectors comprising at least one of these expression constructs.
  • Such constructs according to the invention preferably comprise a promoter 5'-upstream of the respective coding sequence and a terminator sequence 3'-downstream, as well as optionally further customary regulatory elements, in each case operatively linked to the coding sequence.
  • Promoter, coding sequence, terminator and optionally further regulatory elements such that each of the regulatory elements has its function in expressing can fulfill the intended purpose on the coding sequence.
  • operably linked sequences are targeting sequences as well as enhancers, polyadenylation signals and the like.
  • Other regulatory elements include selectable markers, amplification signals, origins of replication, and the like. Suitable regulatory sequences are described, for example, in Goeddel, Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1990).
  • a nucleic acid construct according to the invention is in particular to be understood as meaning those in which the gene for a dehydrogenase according to the invention differs with one or more regulatory signals for the control, e.g. Increased, the gene expression was operatively or functionally linked.
  • the natural regulation of these sequences may still be present before the actual structural genes and may have been genetically altered so that natural regulation is eliminated and expression of genes increased.
  • the nucleic acid construct can also be simpler, ie no additional regulatory signals have been inserted before the coding sequence and the natural promoter with its regulation has not been removed. Instead, the natural regulatory sequence is mutated so that regulation stops and gene expression is increased.
  • a preferred nucleic acid construct advantageously also contains one or more of the already mentioned “enhancer” sequences, functionally linked to the promoter, which allow increased expression of the nucleic acid sequence. Additional advantageous sequences can also be inserted at the 3 'end of the DNA sequences, such as further regulatory elements or terminators.
  • the nucleic acids of the invention may be contained in one or more copies in the construct.
  • the construct may also contain further markers, such as antibiotic resistance or auxotrophic complementing genes, optionally for selection on the construct.
  • Advantageous regulatory sequences for the method according to the invention are, for example, in promoters such as cos-, tac-, trp-, tet-, trp-tet-, Ipp-, lac-, Ipp-lac-, lacl " " 17-, T5-, T3 , gal, trc, ara, rhaP (rhaP BAD ) SP6, Iambda-P R - or contained in the Iambda-P L promoter, which are advantageously used in gram-negative bacteria application.
  • promoters such as cos-, tac-, trp-, tet-, trp-tet-, Ipp-, lac-, Ipp-lac-, lacl " " 17-, T5-, T3 , gal, trc, ara, rhaP (rhaP BAD ) SP6, Iambda-P R - or contained in the Iambda-P L promoter
  • promoters of pyruvate decarboxylase and methanol oxidase are also advantageous. It is also possible to use artificial promoters for regulation.
  • the nucleic acid construct, for expression in a host organism is advantageously inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid or a phage, which enables optimal expression of the genes in the host.
  • a vector such as a plasmid or a phage
  • Vectors other than plasmids and phages are also all other vectors known to those skilled in the art, ie viruses such as SV40, CMV, baculovirus and adenovirus, transposons, IS elements, phasmids, cosmids, and linear or circular DNA. These vectors can be autonomously replicated in the host organism or replicated chromosomally. These vectors represent a further embodiment of the invention. Suitable plasmids are described, for example, in E.
  • plasmids mentioned represent a small selection of the possible plasmids. Further plasmids are well known to the person skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in the book Cloning Vectors (Eds. Pouwels PH et al., Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1985, ISBN 0 444 904018).
  • nucleic acid construct for expression of the further genes contained additionally 3'- and / or 5'-terminal regulatory sequences for increasing expression, which are selected depending on the selected host organism and gene or genes for optimal expression.
  • regulatory sequences are intended to allow the targeted expression of genes and protein expression. Depending on the host organism, this may mean, for example, that the gene is only expressed or overexpressed after induction, or that it is expressed and / or overexpressed immediately.
  • the regulatory sequences or factors can thereby preferably influence the gene expression of the introduced genes positively and thereby increase.
  • enhancement of the regulatory elements can advantageously be done at the transcriptional level by using strong transcription signals such as promoters and / or enhancers.
  • an enhancement of the translation is possible by, for example, the stability of the mRNA is improved.
  • the vector containing the nucleic acid construct according to the invention or the nucleic acid according to the invention can also advantageously be introduced in the form of a linear DNA into the microorganisms and integrated into the genome of the host organism via heterologous or homologous recombination.
  • This linear DNA can consist of a linearized vector such as a plasmid or only of the nucleic acid construct or of the nucleic acid according to the invention.
  • An expression cassette according to the invention is produced by fusion of a suitable promoter with a suitable coding nucleotide sequence and a terminator or polyadenylation signal.
  • common recombination and cloning techniques are used, as described, for example, in T. Maniatis, E.F. Fritsch and J. Sambrook, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Colard Spring Harbor Laboratory, ColD Spring Harbor, NY (1989) and TJ. Silhavy, M.L. Berman and L.W. Enquist, Experiments with Gene Fusions, Colard Spring Harbor Laboratory, ColD Spring Harbor, NY (1984) and in Ausubel, F.M. et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Assoc. and Wiley Interscience (1987).
  • the recombinant nucleic acid construct or gene construct is advantageously inserted into a host-specific vector for expression in a suitable host organism, which enables optimal expression of the genes in the host.
  • Vectors are well known to the person skilled in the art and can be obtained, for example, from "cloning vectors" (Pou- PH et al., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1985).
  • recombinant microorganisms can be produced, which are transformed, for example, with at least one vector according to the invention and can be used to produce the polypeptides according to the invention.
  • the above-described recombinant constructs according to the invention are introduced into a suitable host system and expressed.
  • familiar cloning and transfection methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, co-precipitation, protoplast fusion, electroporation, retroviral transfection and the like, are used in order to express said nucleic acids in the respective expression system. Suitable systems are For example, in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, F.
  • Homologously recombined microorganisms can also be produced according to the invention.
  • a vector is prepared which contains at least a portion of a gene or a coding sequence according to the invention, in which optionally at least one amino acid deletion, addition or substitution has been introduced in order to modify the sequence according to the invention, eg to functionally to disrupt it ("Knockout "- vector).
  • the introduced sequence may also be a homologue from a related microorganism or derived from a mammalian, yeast or insect source.
  • the vector used for homologous recombination may be such that the endogenous gene is mutated or otherwise altered upon homologous recombination, but still encodes the functional protein (eg, the upstream regulatory region may be altered such that expression of the endogenous protein is changed).
  • the altered portion of the gene of the invention is in the homologous recombination vector.
  • suitable vectors for homologous recombination is described, for example, in Thomas, KR and Capecchi, MR (1987) Cell 51: 503.
  • all prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms are suitable as recombinant host organisms for the nucleic acid or nucleic acid construct according to the invention.
  • microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or yeast are used as host organisms.
  • gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria preferably bacteria of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Streptomycetaceae or Nocardiaceae, more preferably bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Nocardia, Burkholderia, Salmonella, Agrobacterium or Rhodococcus used.
  • genus and species Escherichia coli are also found in the group of alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria or gamma-proteobacteria.
  • the host organism or the host organisms according to the invention preferably contain at least one of the nucleic acid sequences described in this invention, nucleic acid constructs or vectors which code for an enzyme with dehydrogenase activity according to the invention.
  • microorganisms are usually contained in a liquid medium containing a carbon source mostly in the form of sugars, a nitrogen source usually in the form of organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract or salts such as ammonium sulfate, trace elements such as iron, manganese, magnesium salts and optionally vitamins, at temperatures between 0 0 C and 100 0 C, preferably between 10 0 C to 60 0 C attracted under oxygen fumigation.
  • a carbon source mostly in the form of sugars
  • a nitrogen source usually in the form of organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract or salts such as ammonium sulfate
  • trace elements such as iron, manganese, magnesium salts and optionally vitamins
  • the cultivation can be done batchwise, semi-batchwise or continuously. Nutrients can be presented at the beginning of the fermentation or fed semi-continuously or continuously.
  • the ketone can be given directly for cultivation or advantageously after cultivation.
  • the enzymes may be isolated from the organisms by the method described in the Examples or used as crude extract for the reaction.
  • the invention furthermore relates to processes for the recombinant production of polypeptides according to the invention or functional, biologically active fragments thereof, in which a polypeptide-producing microorganism is cultivated, if appropriate, the expression of the polypeptides is induced and these are isolated from the culture.
  • the polypeptides can thus also be produced on an industrial scale, if desired.
  • the recombinant microorganism can be cultured and fermented by known methods. Bacteria can be propagated, for example, in TB or LB medium and at a temperature of 20 to 40 0 C and a pH of 6 to 9. Specifically, suitable culturing conditions are described, for example, in T. Maniatis, EF Fritsch and J. Sambrook, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Colard Spring Harbor Laboratory, ColD Spring Harbor, NY (1989).
  • the cells are then disrupted if the polypeptides are not secreted into the culture medium and the product recovered from the lysate by known protein isolation techniques.
  • the cells may optionally be treated by high frequency ultrasound, high pressure, e.g. in a French pressure cell, by osmolysis, by the action of detergents, lytic enzymes or organic solvents, by homogenizers or by combining several of the listed methods.
  • polypeptides can be achieved by known chromatographic methods, such as molecular sieve chromatography (gel filtration), such as
  • Sepharose chromatography Sepharose chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography, as well as other conventional methods such as ultrafiltration, crystallization, salting out, dialysis and native gel electrophoresis. Suitable methods are described, for example, in Cooper, F.G., Biochemische Harvey Methoden, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York or in Scopes, R., Protein Purification, Springer Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin.
  • vector systems or oligonucleotides for the isolation of the recombinant protein, which extend the cDNA by certain nucleotide sequences and thus encode altered polypeptides or fusion proteins eg serve a simpler cleaning.
  • suitable modifications include, for example, so-called “tags” as anchors, such as the modification known as hexa-histidine anchor, or epitopes which can be recognized as antigens of antibodies (described, for example, in Harlow, E. and Lane, D. 1988, Antibody: A Laboratory Manual, CoId Spring Harbor (NY) Press).
  • These anchors may serve to attach the proteins to a solid support, such as a polymer matrix, which may be filled, for example, in a chromatography column, or used on a microtiter plate or other support.
  • these anchors can also be used to detect the proteins.
  • conventional markers such as fluorescent dyes, enzyme labels which form a detectable reaction product upon reaction with a substrate, or radioactive labels alone or in combination with the anchors may be used to derivatize the proteins to recognize the proteins.
  • the enzymes with dehydrogenase activity used according to the invention can be used as free or immobilized enzyme in the process according to the invention.
  • the inventive method is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 0 0 C to 95 ° C, preferably between 10 0 C to 85 0 C, more preferably carried out between 15 0 C to 75 0 C.
  • the pH in the process according to the invention is advantageously maintained between pH 4 and 12, preferably between pH 4.5 and 9, particularly preferably between pH 5 and 8.
  • Enantiomerically pure or chiral products or optically active alcohols are to be understood in the process according to the invention as enantiomers which show enantiomeric nanification.
  • Enantiomeric purities of. are preferred in the process at least 70% ee, preferably from min. 80% ee, more preferably from min. 90% ee, most preferably min. 98% ee achieved.
  • Growing cells containing the nucleic acids, nucleic acid constructs or vectors according to the invention can be used for the method according to the invention.
  • dormant or open cells can be used.
  • open cells is meant, for example, cells that have been rendered permeable through treatment with, for example, solvents, or cells that have been disrupted by enzyme treatment, mechanical treatment (e.g., French Press or ultrasound) or otherwise.
  • the crude extracts thus obtained are advantageously suitable for the process according to the invention.
  • purified or purified enzymes can be used for the process.
  • immobilized microorganisms or enzymes that can be used advantageously in the reaction.
  • free organisms or enzymes are used for the process according to the invention, they are expediently removed before extraction, for example by filtration or centrifugation.
  • the product prepared in the process according to the invention for example (1S) -3-methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propan-1-ol, can advantageously be obtained from the aqueous reaction solution by extraction or distillation. The extraction can be repeated several times to increase the yield.
  • suitable extractants are solvents such as, but not limited to, toluene, methylene chloride, butyl acetate, diisopropyl ether, benzene, MTBE or ethyl acetate.
  • the product prepared in the process according to the invention for example (1S) -3-methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propan-1-ol, advantageously from the organic see phase of the reaction solution via extraction or distillation and / or crystallization win.
  • the extraction can be repeated several times to increase the yield.
  • suitable extractants are solvents such as, but not limited to, toluene, methylene chloride, butyl acetate, diisopropyl ether, benzene, MTBE or ethyl acetate.
  • the organic phase can also be partially concentrated with the product and the product crystallized out.
  • the solution is advantageously cooled to a temperature of 0 0 C to 10 0 C.
  • the crystallization can also be carried out directly from the organic solution or from an aqueous solution.
  • the crystallized product can be taken up again in the same or in another solvent for recrystallization and recrystallized again.
  • the product of the process according to the invention can be obtained in yields of from 60 to 100%, preferably from 80 to 100%, particularly preferably from 90 to 100%, based on the substrate used for the reaction, e.g. of 3-methylamino-1- (2-thienyl) -propan-1-one.
  • the isolated product is characterized by a high chemical purity of> 90%, preferably> 95%, particularly preferably> 98%.
  • the products have a high enantiomeric purity which, if necessary, can be further increased by crystallization.
  • the process according to the invention can be operated batchwise, semi-batchwise or continuously.
  • the operation of the process may advantageously be carried out in bioreactors, e.g. in Biotechnology, Volume 3, 2nd Edition, Rehm et al. Ed., (1993), especially Chapter II.
  • Example 1 Cloning of phenylethanol dehydrogenase from Azoarcus sp EbN1 by means of synthetic oligonucleotides.
  • the sequence of the phenylethanol dehydrogenase gene from Azoarcus sp EbN 1 is stored in databases (Genbank ID 25956124, region: 25073 to 25822). From the nucleic acid sequence of the phenylethanol dehydrogenase gene oligonucleotides were derived from which the gene was synthesized by known methods. The DNA sequence of the oligonucleotides is summarized in Table 1. Figure 3 shows the position of the individual oligonucleotides to the entire phenylethanol dehydrogenase gene from Azoarcus sp EbNL Process for the preparation of synthetic genes are described, for example, in Y.P. Shi, P. Das, B. Holloway, V.
  • the PCR product was digested with the restriction endonucleases Ndel and BamHI and cloned into appropriately digested pDHE19.2 vector (DE19848129).
  • the ligation mixtures were transformed into E. coli XL1 Blue (Stratagene).
  • the plasmid pDHEEbNI was transformed into strain E. coli TG10 pAgro4 pHSG575 (TG10: a RhaA derivative of E. coli TG1 (Stratagene); pAgro4: Takeshita, S., Sato, M; Toba, M; Masahashi, W; Hashimoto -Gotoh, T (1987) Gene 61, 63-74; pHSG575: T. Tomoyasu et al (2001), Mol. Microbiol. 40 (2), 397-413).
  • the recombined E. coli are designated E. coli LU 11558.
  • Example 2 Cloning of phenylethanol dehydrogenase from Azoarcus sp EbN1 by means of PCR
  • the sequence of the phenylethanol dehydrogenase gene from Azoarcus sp EbN 1 is stored in databases (Genbank ID 25956124, region 25073 to 25822). Oligonucleotides were derived from the nucleic acid sequence of the phenylethanol dehydrogenase gene (primers MKeO387 and MKeO388), which cloned the 0 dehydrogenase gene by PCR amplification as follows.
  • the PCR product ( ⁇ 0.75 kB) was isolated by agarose gel electrophoresis (1.2% E-gel, Invitrogen) and column chromatography (GFX kit, Amersham Pharmacia) and then sequenced (sequencing primer: MKeO387 and MKeO388). The sequence obtained is identical to the published sequence.
  • the PCR product was digested with the restriction endonucleases Ndel and BamHI and cloned into appropriately digested pDHE19.2 vector (DE19848129).
  • the ligation mixtures were transformed into E. coli XL1 Blue (Stratagene).
  • the sequencing of corresponding clones gave as an insert in the plasmid pDHEEbNI thus obtained the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1,
  • the plasmid pDHEEbNI was transformed into strain E. coli TG10 pAgro4 pHSG575 (TG10: a RhaA " derivative of E. coli TG1 (Stratagene); pAgro4: Takeshita, S.; Sato, M; Toba, M; Masahashi, W; Hashimoto-Gotoh, T (1987) Gene 61, 63-74; pHSG575: T. Tomoyasu et al (2001) Mol. Microbiol. 40 (2), 397-413) .
  • the recombi- nant E. coli are transfected with E. coli Designated LU 11558.
  • E. coli LU 11558 were dissolved in 20 ⁇ l LB-Amp / Spec / Cm (100 ⁇ g / l ampicillin, 10 ⁇ g / l spectinomycin, 20 ⁇ g / l chloramphenicol), 0.1 ml IPTG, 0.5 g / l rhamnose in 10 ⁇ l aller flask (Harassment). Taken for 18 h at 37 ° C, centrifuged at 5000 * g / 10min, washed once with 1OmM TRIS * HCl, pH 7.0 and resuspended in 2 mL of the same buffer.
  • Each 6 transformants were grown in 10 ⁇ M LBAmp / Spec / Cm (100 ⁇ g / L amp; 100 mg / ISpec; 20 ⁇ g / ICm) 0.1 mM IPTG 0.5 g / L rhamnose in 10 ⁇ L Erlenmeyer flasks (baffles) for 18 h at 37 ° C Centrifuged at 5000 * g / 10 min, washed once with 10 mM Tris / HCl pH 7.0 and resuspended in 2 ml of the same buffer.
  • the concentration of 3-chloro-1- (thien-2-yl) -propan-1-one and 3-chloro-1- (thien-2-yl) -propan-1-ol can be determined by HPLC. Depending on the choice of stationary and mobile phase, ee value can be determined in addition to the concentration. a) achiral analytics
  • Authentic material is used to create a calibration series that can be used to determine the concentration of unknown samples.
  • Authentic material is used to create a calibration series that can be used to determine the concentration of unknown samples.
  • Example 7 Preparation of (S) -3-chloro-1- (thien-2-yl) -propan-1-ol) with the recombinant dehydrogenase from Azoarcus sp EbN1 with 2-pentanol

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'alcanols optiquement actifs de formule (I).
EP06724927A 2005-03-07 2006-03-03 Procede de production d'alcools a activite optique, par reduction enzymatique Withdrawn EP1863918A2 (fr)

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DE200510010804 DE102005010804A1 (de) 2005-03-07 2005-03-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung optisch aktiver Alkohole
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MX2009014055A (es) * 2007-06-20 2010-04-27 Basf Se Metodo para producir alcoholes opticamente activos usando una dehidrogenasa azoarcus sp ebn1.
US8617854B2 (en) 2008-09-17 2013-12-31 Basf Se Method for producing L-phenylephrine using an alcohol dehydrogenase of Aromatoleum aromaticum EBN1 (Azoarcus sp. EBN1)
MX2011006464A (es) 2008-12-17 2011-09-15 Basf Se Biocatalizadores mejorados para la fabricacion de alcohol duloxetina.
EP2445890B1 (fr) 2009-06-22 2015-05-06 SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Procédé de préparation d'ester (r)-1-aryl-2-tétrazolyl-éthylique de l'acide carbamique
US8404461B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2013-03-26 SK Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Method for preparation of carbamic acid (R)-1-aryl-2-tetrazolyl-ethyl ester
EP2640835B1 (fr) 2010-11-17 2019-05-22 Basf Se Procédé de cyclisation biocatalytique de terpènes et mutants de cyclases pouvant être utilisés dans ce procédé
DE102012017026A1 (de) 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Sensor für NADP(H) und Entwicklung von Alkoholdehydrogenasen
WO2014086702A2 (fr) 2012-12-03 2014-06-12 Basf Se Réduction enzymatique d'hydroxyméthylfurfurals
MX2018010024A (es) 2016-02-19 2018-11-09 Basf Se Ciclacion enzimatica de acido homofarnesilico.
WO2019185926A1 (fr) 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Firmenich Sa Procédé de production de vanilline

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ATE371725T1 (de) * 2002-03-18 2007-09-15 Biocatalytics Inc Alkohol-dehydrogenase mit hoher stabilität gegenüber lösungsmittel und temperatur
DE10315760A1 (de) * 2003-04-07 2004-10-21 Basf Ag L-Carnitin Dehydrogenasen, deren Derivate und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten (S)-Alkanolen
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DE10345772A1 (de) * 2003-10-01 2005-04-21 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-Methylamino-1-(thien-2-yl)-propan-1-ol
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