EP1857183B1 - Dispositif de projection par gaz froid - Google Patents

Dispositif de projection par gaz froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1857183B1
EP1857183B1 EP06015705A EP06015705A EP1857183B1 EP 1857183 B1 EP1857183 B1 EP 1857183B1 EP 06015705 A EP06015705 A EP 06015705A EP 06015705 A EP06015705 A EP 06015705A EP 1857183 B1 EP1857183 B1 EP 1857183B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
cold gas
gas spray
coating
spray nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP06015705A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1857183A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Dr. Gärnter
Peter Heinrich
Heinrich Prof .Dr. Kreye
Peter Richter
Tobias Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Metco AG
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=37113854&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1857183(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to US11/801,456 priority Critical patent/US20070278324A1/en
Publication of EP1857183A1 publication Critical patent/EP1857183A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1857183B1 publication Critical patent/EP1857183B1/fr
Priority to US12/620,108 priority patent/US20100181391A1/en
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/14—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
    • B05B15/18—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold gas injection nozzle for accelerating gas and spray particles, wherein the nozzle in the flow direction from a convergent section in the nozzle neck merges into a divergent section. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cold gas spray gun with a cold gas spray nozzle.
  • the spray particles are added as a powder, wherein the powder usually at least partially comprises particles having a size of 1 to 50 microns.
  • a de Laval nozzle is used as nozzle, hereinafter referred to as Laval nozzle.
  • Laval nozzles are axially symmetric and consist of a convergent and a subsequent divergent section in the current direction.
  • the contour of the nozzle must be shaped in the divergent area in a certain way, so that it does not come to flow separation and no compression shocks occur and the gas flow obeys the laws of de Laval.
  • Laval nozzles are characterized by this contour and the length of the divergent section and further by the ratio of the outlet cross section to the narrowest cross section.
  • the narrowest cross-section of the Laval nozzle is called nozzle throat.
  • Common cold gas spraying devices are designed for pressures of about 1 MPa up to a maximum pressure of 3.5 MPa and gas temperatures up to about 800 ° C.
  • the heated gas is released together with the spray particles in a Laval nozzle. While the pressure in the Laval nozzle drops, the gas velocity increases to values up to 3000 m / s and the particle velocity to values up to 2000 m / s.
  • the process gas used is nitrogen, helium, argon, air or mixtures thereof. However, nitrogen is usually used, higher particle velocities are achieved with helium or helium-nitrogen mixtures.
  • a generic device for cold gas spraying is further from the DE-A1-102 07 519 known.
  • the velocities which gas and spray particles have on exiting the Laval nozzle are determined primarily by the geometric dimensioning of the Laval nozzle. It follows from the characteristic sizes of the Laval nozzle that the inner diameter at the nozzle neck must be as small as possible, since the two sizes outlet cross-section and length of the divergent section are determined on the basis of external dimensions. Currently, nozzles are made with a diameter at the nozzle neck between 2 and 3 mm. Since the contours for the Laval nozzle in the inner body must arise and is therefore a bore, the production is extremely problematic due to the necessary dimensions. For example, the production is done by die sinking in a round or by a precision casting process in which the contour of the nozzle is made using a model.
  • nozzles with complex contour with any expansion ratio and to produce sufficient length, it is known to produce nozzles from two half-shells.
  • the nozzle contour is thereby introduced with high precision by milling in the respective half-shells and the two finished half shells are assembled into a nozzle.
  • the nozzle material is usually steel, since steel is a good material to process.
  • carbide tungsten carbide cobalt since the tendency of the particles to cake on the nozzle inner wall at nozzles of tungsten carbide cobalt is much lower than with nozzles made of steel.
  • Tungsten carbide cobalt is a difficult material to process, so making a nozzle of this cemented carbide is very difficult and expensive. Also, for manufacturing reasons, it is not possible for tungsten carbide cobalt to produce the diverging section of the Laval nozzle at the desired nozzle throat diameter in the desired length.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a cold gas spray nozzle, in which the caking of the particles on the nozzle inner wall does not matter and which is easy to manufacture. Also, with the nozzle to be specified, the temperatures to which gas or spray particles can be heated can be expanded to the desired higher temperatures without the particles caking on the nozzle wall due to the particle size composition of the powder present.
  • the nozzle is at least partially coated on its inner wall.
  • a cold gas spray gun available, in which the caking of the particles is effectively prevented at the nozzle inner wall.
  • the coating is thus carried out with a material which has a low tendency to react with the material of the spray particles.
  • the nozzle according to the invention is easy to manufacture, since the nozzle body is made of a good material to be machined, such as steel, and the coating prevents the caking of the spray particles. As a result, the problem of easily clogging the nozzle by the nozzle of the present invention is also solved.
  • the length of the divergent nozzle portion can be produced almost arbitrarily large, and this even with a small nozzle throat.
  • the caking is effectively prevented, higher temperatures for gas and spray particles are possible compared to uncoated nozzles. This improves both the property of the spiked layer and the application rate.
  • spray materials can be used, which could not be used previously, and also a use of coarser powders than previously possible is possible.
  • the nozzle according to the invention not only, as previously customary particles are sprayed with up to 50 microns, but particles with up to 100 microns, sometimes even with particle sizes of up to 250 microns.
  • the coating contains a hard, erosion and wear resistant material.
  • a hard, erosion and wear resistant material is at the temperature present in the nozzle (by the gas and the spray particle heating heats up the nozzle) no or at least almost no reaction with the spray particles.
  • the no reaction is, for example, recognizable by the compiled in tables works of state graphs, for example, " Binary alloy phase diagrams "by TB Massalski, H. Okamoto, ASM International, 1992 or the positive mixture enthalpies, the tables to thermochemical data, eg " Thermochemical data of pure substances ", by I. Barin, G.
  • the coating has particular advantages when it is very hard, adheres well to the nozzle material, and has a smooth surface.
  • a smooth surface is achieved either by polishing the die contour prior to application of the coating and then by coating it with very uniform application or by polishing after the coating application.
  • the nozzle is coated at least in the region of the nozzle neck. From caking, especially the area around the nozzle throat is affected, since this forms the bottleneck for gas and spray particles. At least in this area around the nozzle throat is now advantageously the coating attached. As a result, the baking is effectively prevented.
  • the nozzle is made of two half-shells.
  • the two half shells are assembled with the corresponding contour.
  • the two half shells are coated in the disassembled state and joined together accurately after application of the coating.
  • the coating contains a metal, in particular chromium or a metal compound or a Oxitkeramik.
  • the metal compounds are particularly the carbides, nitrides and borides, ie the compounds of metals with carbon, nitrogen or boron, such as TiB 2 , TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiB 2 , TiBN, TiAlN, CrN, CrCN, ZrC, ZrN , or MiSi 2 and WSi 2 and also the metalloid compounds, such as boron nitride or boron carbide. Even the so-called diamond-like-carbon or DLC layers are suitable.
  • the Oxitkeramiken especially TiO 2 , ZrO 2 or Al 2 O 3 are suitable.
  • phosphide coatings, such as NiP are possible. Such coatings are characterized by being very hard, erosion and wear resistant.
  • the coating is a coating applied electrolytically or by deposition from the gas phase.
  • An electrolytically applied coating is also called galvanic.
  • the PVD process Physical Vapor Deposition
  • the CVD process Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • the coating is composed of two or more layers.
  • the adhesion of the coating on the base material can be verbes sert in certain cases.
  • the lower layer serves as a primer. Also on the properties of the coating can be influenced by the layer structure.
  • the nozzle has a gas / air or water cooling and / or cooling fins.
  • the nozzle has a diameter at the nozzle neck of 1 to 6 mm and an expansion ratio, which is defined by the ratio of area at the nozzle exit to surface at the nozzle neck, from 3 to 15 and further a 30 to 100 times the diameter at the nozzle throat exhibiting length.
  • a cold gas spray nozzle which consists of two half-shells coated.
  • the two half-shells of the nozzle are made of a steel and the inner surface of the two halves coated with chrome.
  • nickel can be used as a primer.
  • the application of chromium as so-called hard chrome with a Vickers hardness of typically 800 HV and more is achieved by electrolytic (galvanic) deposition.
  • the thickness of the chromium layer can be 2 to 100 microns.
  • copper as a spray material such a hard chrome-coated steel nozzle shows a similar tendency to caking as a nozzle made of a hard metal.
  • the impact velocity of a 20 micron copper particle from 630 m / s can be further increased to 700 m / s, since the nozzle according to the invention can be manufactured with a very long divergent section and the caking of the spray particles is effectively prevented.
  • the advantages are evident not only in the spraying of copper powder, but also, for example, when spraying with powders of steel, aluminum or aluminum alloys.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Buse d'injection à gaz froid pour l'accélération du gaz et de particules projetées, la buse faisant place dans le sens d'écoulement à partir d'un tronçon convergent dans le col de buse à un tronçon divergent, caractérisée en ce que la buse est recouverte au moins partiellement sur sa paroi intérieure.
  2. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement contient un matériau dur, résistant à l'érosion et à l'usure.
  3. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la buse est recouverte au moins dans la zone du col de buse.
  4. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la buse est fabriquée à partir de deux demi-coques.
  5. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement contient un métal, en particulier du chrome, ou un composé métallique ou une céramique oxydée.
  6. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement est un revêtement appliqué par électrolyse ou par précipitation à partir de la phase gazeuse.
  7. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement est constitué de deux ou plusieurs couches.
  8. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la buse présente un refroidissement par gaz/air ou à eau et/ou des nervures de refroidissement.
  9. Buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que la buse présente un diamètre sur le col de buse de 1 à 6 mm et un rapport d'expansion qui est défini par le rapport entre la surface à la sortie de buse et la surface sur le col de buse, de 3 à 15 et également une longueur représentant 30 à 100 fois le diamètre sur le col de buse.
  10. Pistolet d'injection de gaz froid comprenant une buse d'injection à gaz froid selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
EP06015705A 2006-05-18 2006-07-27 Dispositif de projection par gaz froid Revoked EP1857183B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/801,456 US20070278324A1 (en) 2006-05-18 2007-05-10 Device for cold gas spraying
US12/620,108 US20100181391A1 (en) 2006-05-18 2009-11-17 Device for cold gas spraying

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006023483A DE102006023483A1 (de) 2006-05-18 2006-05-18 Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1857183A1 EP1857183A1 (fr) 2007-11-21
EP1857183B1 true EP1857183B1 (fr) 2009-07-08

Family

ID=37113854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06015705A Revoked EP1857183B1 (fr) 2006-05-18 2006-07-27 Dispositif de projection par gaz froid

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US20070278324A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1857183B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE435704T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006023483A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements

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US8192799B2 (en) * 2008-12-03 2012-06-05 Asb Industries, Inc. Spray nozzle assembly for gas dynamic cold spray and method of coating a substrate with a high temperature coating
DE102009025473A1 (de) * 2009-06-18 2011-01-05 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Kaltsprühdüse
DE102009052970A1 (de) * 2009-11-12 2011-05-19 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Kaltgasspritzdüse und Kaltgasspritzvorrichtung mit einer derartigen Spritzdüse
EP2503026A1 (fr) * 2011-03-21 2012-09-26 MTU Aero Engines GmbH Procédé de réparation d'une couche sur un substrat
DE102013200067A1 (de) 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Ford-Werke Gmbh Vorrichtung zum thermischen Beschichten einer Oberfläche
CN104294206B (zh) * 2014-10-09 2016-05-04 沈阳富创精密设备有限公司 一种半导体装备用抗高温蠕变接地基片的制备方法
US10597784B2 (en) * 2017-07-18 2020-03-24 United Technologies Corporation Cold spray nozzle
US20190366362A1 (en) * 2018-06-05 2019-12-05 United Technologies Corporation Cold spray deposition apparatus, system, and method
US20190366361A1 (en) * 2018-06-05 2019-12-05 United Technologies Corporation Cold spray deposition apparatus, system, and method
EP3877567A4 (fr) * 2018-11-07 2022-03-30 Effusiontech IP Pty Ltd Procédé d'impression 3d
DE102019122480A1 (de) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Applikationsdüsenelement, Applikationsvorrichtung und Applikationsverfahren zum gleichmäßigen Applizieren thixotroper Füllmassen

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502006004177D1 (de) 2009-08-20
ATE435704T1 (de) 2009-07-15
US20070278324A1 (en) 2007-12-06
DE102006023483A1 (de) 2007-11-22
US20100181391A1 (en) 2010-07-22
EP1857183A1 (fr) 2007-11-21

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