EP1846718B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) having a plurality of tubes (4) and at least one box (3) that is closed by a bottom (2) provided with openings (6), at least one end (5) of the tubes (4) leading to said box. The invention is characterized in that the bottom (2) is provided with cams (7) and/or beads (7')

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. DE-A1-10360472 shows such a heat exchanger

A section through a conventional heat exchanger is in Fig. 36 shown. Here, a box is closed by a bottom having a plurality of openings formed by passages extending in the direction of the box and projecting into the ends of flat tubes. The floor has a circumferential. Beading, in which projects the end of the box, wherein for sealing between the end of the box and the bottom, a sealing ring is arranged. The bottom is attached to the box, for example by Wellschlitzbördelung. Such a heat exchanger leaves nothing to be desired.

From the EP 0 990 868 A2 a heat exchanger with a plurality of tubes is known, the ends of which are stuck in openings around the opening in the tubesheets, to the heat exchanger network passages, whose cross-section is curved inwards, and which are metallically connected in liquid-tight, with different heat exchanging media flowing through the tubes and around the tubes. The pipe ends reach below the level of the tube bottom surface. Furthermore, the tube ends with the passages form a circumferential contact surface, to which a soldering gap connects between the tube and the passage on both sides. Also in this known embodiment, the bottom has a circumferential bead into which the end of the box protrudes, a sealing ring being arranged between the end of the box and the deepest part of the bead.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved heat exchanger available.

This object is achieved by a heat exchanger with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of tubes and at least one box closed by an apertured bottom into which at least one end of the tubes terminates, the bottom having a plurality of individual cams and / or beads, the cams and / or beads in the longitudinal extension of the tube to raise the box. The cams are preferably formed in the bottom regions between the tubes, ie in the region of the webs between the tube-receiving openings, and at the longitudinal ends of the bottom. Thereby, the cams can take over the function of the peripheral bead, which is omitted according to the invention, wherein the heat exchanger can build narrower, since the cams, which replace the circumferential bead, are engaged between the openings or the tubes. In this case, the bottom - characterized in that the bead is omitted - cup-shaped and smaller than in conventional heat exchangers.

The length of the cams is preferably at most 50%, in particular at most 45%, at most 40% and particularly preferably at most 25% of the length of the openings receiving the tubes. Overall, the length of the individual cams is preferably 5 to 25 mm, particularly preferably 10 to 15 mm.

Alternatively, the cams may be continuously formed over the entire length of the webs as well as at the edge regions and parallel to the webs extending, wherein the cams are referred to in this embodiment hereinafter as beads. These beads also offer the same advantages over the known circumferential beads as the aforementioned cams.

The cams and / or beads rise in the longitudinal extent of the tubes towards the box, i. away from the heat exchanger networks. Due to the omission of the bead, the soil also has an improved fatigue behavior under pressure cycling. The cams and / or beads serve with their pointing to the bottom edge ends here a stop for the box.

The cams and / or beads are preferably formed by a forming process, in particular in one operation with the production of the passages and the bending of the sides. In this case, its bottom edge-side end is designed such that it absorbs the forces occurring during assembly, which compress the box, so that a collapse of the box avoided and thus the tightness of the connection of box and floor can be ensured.

The cams and / or beads preferably have a constant height over their entire length. The edge-side end of the cams and / or beads However, it can also be designed to be higher than the inward-facing end, which may possibly also run out flat.

Preferably, the openings which receive the tubes formed as passages. These preferably extend in the direction of the tubes, i. off the chest.

In this case, the tubes preferably end flush with the passages or, if appropriate, protrude somewhat beyond that. However, the passages can also be according to the EP 0 990 868 A2 be educated.

Preferably, the bottom - apart from the cams, beads and passages - just formed and the longitudinal and narrow ends of the bottom are preferably bent adjacent to a flat area at an angle of 80 to 90 ° in the direction of the box, with a sufficient bending radius is provided.

Preferably, the box has a protruding towards the bottom nose, which is spaced from the circumference of the box formed. The provision of such a nose is possible in principle even with circumferential bead. On the outer circumference of the nose, a seal is preferably arranged, which may be a sealing ring or a seal molded onto the box. The sealing ring can be clamped in this case both on the box and clamped in the ground, so that the assembly can be simplified. In the case of a molded seal, the assembly process can be omitted.

In an advantageous embodiment, the seal on ear-like holding elements which are suspended or mounted in provided at the corners of the bottom cutouts. In this way, the seal is particularly advantageous mountable or suspended in the intended cutouts or can be hung particularly advantageous in the provided cutouts.

Preferably, the height of the nose corresponds approximately to the height of the cams and / or beads, so that the nose additionally protects the edge of the box from damage.

The cams or beads limit in cooperation with the nose the maximum deformation by forces that act laterally on the ground, in particular during assembly. If necessary, nose and cams or beading also come into contact with each other.

According to a preferred embodiment, the box has in the vicinity of the bottom on its inner peripheral side inwardly extending ribs or projections. As a result, the cams and / or beads can be moved further inwards into the ground. The local material reinforcement of the bottom part of the box is in this case designed so that the pipes are not blocked, so that the flow is not hindered. The ribs or projections are preferably applied to the cams and / or beads in order to absorb the forces occurring in particular during assembly. In this case, the openings for the tubes preferably extend to between the ribs or projections, so that the heat exchanger can be made narrower compared to conventional heat exchangers.

In order not to adversely affect the flow and also not to increase the weight of the box too much, preferably the height of the ribs or projections in the direction of the box decreases.

Fig. 1

eine ausschnittsweise Seitenansicht eines Wärmetauschers gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel mit teilweise angedeutetem Kasten,

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt entlang Linie A-A von Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt entlang Linie C-C von Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf einen Boden von Fig. 1 aus Richtung des angedeuteten Kastens,

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie D-D in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie E-E in Fig. 4,

Fig. 7

eine Seitenansicht des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 1 mit teilweise dargestelltem Kasten,

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 1 mit teilweise dargestelltem Kasten,

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Bodens,

Fig. 10

eine Ansicht des Bodens aus einer anderen Perspektive,

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Detaildarstellung eines Eckbereichs des Bodens,

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 1 mit Darstellung des Fußbereichs des Kastens,

Fig. 13

eine andere perspektivische Ansicht des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 1 mit Darstellung des Fußbereichs des Kastens,

Fig. 14

eine ausschnittsweise Darstellung eines Wärmetauschers gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel mit geschnitten dargestelltem Kasten,

Fig. 15

einen Schnitt entlang Linie A-A von Fig. 14,

Fig. 16

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Bodens gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 17

eine Draufsicht auf den Boden von Fig. 16,

Fig. 18

eine ausschnittsweise Schnittdarstellung entlang Linie A-A in Fig. 17,

Fig. 19

eine ausschnittsweise Schnittdarstellung entlang Linie B-B in Fig. 17,

Fig. 20

eine ausschnittsweise Schnittdarstellung entlang Linie C-C in Fig. 17,

Fig. 21

eine ausschnittsweise Schnittdarstellung entlang Linie D-D in Fig. 17, wobei im linken Teil der Schnittverlauf durch ein Flachrohr und im rechten Teil der Schnittverlauf durch eine Sicke, jeweils im Bereich der Kastenwand und ohne Darstellung eines Dichtelements, dargestellt ist,

Fig. 22

eine Seitenansicht des Bodens von Fig. 16,

Fig. 23

eine andere Seitenansicht des Bodens von Fig. 16,

Fig. 24

eine ausschnittsweise Schnittdarstellung entlang Linie F-F in Fig. 17 im zusammengesetzten, aber noch nicht fest verbundenen Zustand von Boden und Kasten,

Fig. 25

eine schematische, ausschnittsweise Seitenansicht eines Wärmetauschers mit Boden gemäß dem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig. 26

einen Schnitt durch den Boden und einen Teil eines aufgesetzten Kastens entlang Linie A-A von Fig. 25,

Fig. 27

einen Schnitt durch den Boden und einen Teil eines aufgesetzten Kastens entlang Linie B-B von Fig. 25,

Fig. 28

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Bodens von Fig. 25 aus Richtung des Kastens,

Fig. 29

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Bodens von Fig. 25 aus Richtung der Flachrohre,

Fig. 30

eine ausschnittsweise perspektivische Darstellung des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 25 mit aufgesetztem Boden und eingespanntem Dichtring,

Fig. 31

eine Draufsicht auf den Boden des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 25 mit eingespanntem Dichtring,

Fig. 32

einen Schnitt durch den Boden mit Kasten, Dichtring und Flachrohren entlang Linie C-C von Fig. 31,

Fig. 33

einen Schnitt durch den Boden mit Kasten, Dichtring und Flachrohren entlang Linie D-D von Fig. 31,

Fig. 34

einen Schnitt durch den Boden mit Kasten, Dichtring und Flachrohren entlang Linie E-E von Fig. 31,

Fig. 35

eine Seitenansicht des Wärmetauschers von Fig. 25, und

Fig. 36

einen Schnitt durch einen herkömmlichen Wärmetauscher.

In the following the invention with reference to five embodiments, partially explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

1 is a partial side view of a heat exchanger according to the first embodiment with partially indicated box,

Fig. 2

a section along line AA of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a section along line CC of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4

a top view of a floor of Fig. 1 from the direction of the indicated box,

Fig. 5

a section along the line DD in Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

a section along the line EE in Fig. 4 .

Fig. 7

a side view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 with partly illustrated box,

Fig. 8

a perspective view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 with partly illustrated box,

Fig. 9

a perspective view of the soil,

Fig. 10

a view of the ground from a different perspective,

Fig. 11

a detailed perspective view of a corner region of the floor,

Fig. 12

a perspective view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 with representation of the foot area of the box,

Fig. 13

another perspective view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 with representation of the foot area of the box,

Fig. 14

1 a fragmentary representation of a heat exchanger according to the second exemplary embodiment with a box shown in section,

Fig. 15

a section along line AA of Fig. 14 .

Fig. 16

a perspective view of a floor according to the third embodiment,

Fig. 17

a top view of the ground from Fig. 16 .

Fig. 18

a partial sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 17 .

Fig. 19

a fragmentary sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 17 .

Fig. 20

a partial sectional view along line CC in Fig. 17 .

Fig. 21

a partial sectional view along line DD in Fig. 17 , In the left part of the section through a flat tube and in the right part of the section through a Bead, in each case in the region of the box wall and without representation of a sealing element, is shown,

Fig. 22

a side view of the floor of Fig. 16 .

Fig. 23

another side view of the bottom of Fig. 16 .

Fig. 24

a partial sectional view along line FF in Fig. 17 in the assembled but not yet firmly connected condition of soil and castes,

Fig. 25

FIG. 2 a schematic, partial side view of a heat exchanger with a bottom according to the fifth exemplary embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 26

a section through the bottom and a part of an attached box along line AA of Fig. 25 .

Fig. 27

a section through the bottom and a part of an attached box along line BB of Fig. 25 .

Fig. 28

a perspective view of the bottom of Fig. 25 from the direction of the box,

Fig. 29

a perspective view of the bottom of Fig. 25 from the direction of the flat tubes,

Fig. 30

a fragmentary perspective view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 25 with attached base and clamped sealing ring,

Fig. 31

a plan view of the bottom of the heat exchanger of Fig. 25 with clamped sealing ring,

Fig. 32

a section through the bottom with box, sealing ring and flat tubes along line CC of Fig. 31 .

Fig. 33

a section through the bottom with box, sealing ring and flat tubes along line DD of Fig. 31 .

Fig. 34

a section through the bottom with box, sealing ring and flat tubes along line EE of Fig. 31 .

Fig. 35

a side view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 25 , and

Fig. 36

a section through a conventional heat exchanger.

Fig. 1 shows a heat exchanger 1, in this case a compact intercooler, consisting of two sealed by trays 2 boxes 3 and a plurality of extending between the boxes 3 tubes 4. The tubes 4 are formed as flat tubes and protrude with their ends 5 in as passages with the Here, the passages in the direction of the tubes 4, wherein the tubes 4 present each approximately flush with the corresponding box 3 facing surface of the bottoms 2 end (see FIG. Fig. 2 ).

The formed as a sheet-stamped bent parts bottom 2 further has a plurality of elevations in the form of cams 7, which extend in the direction of the box 3, that rise above the ground plane B level. In the present case, the cams 7 are produced by means of a forming process. In each case, two first cams 7a each in the region of the ends of the webs between two openings 6 and three second cam 7 b arranged at the narrow end of the bottom 2 (see. Fig. 4 ).

The length of the first nubs 7a, as well as the second nubs 7b is approximately 22% of the length of the openings 6, so the passages and thus the (larger) width of the flat tubes, wherein the first nubs 7a have a length of 15 mm in the present case.

The longitudinal and narrow ends of the bottom 2 are in the assembled state not shown bent at a right angle in the direction of the box 3, wherein at the corners 8 of the bottom 2 each cutouts are provided. In the ends of a plurality of slots 9 are provided, which serve the connection of the bottom 2 and box 3 by means of the known Wellschlitzbördelung, ie individual material parts of the bottom 2 engage behind the corresponding provided with a shoulder 10 end portions of the box 3. Such as Fig. 9 can be seen, the slots 9 are present in each case at the level of the openings 6 (longitudinal side) or the second cam 7b (narrow side).

The bottom end of the box 3 is provided with a circumferential nose 11 which is formed on the inner peripheral side and extends toward the bottom 2, so that a shoulder 12 is formed for receiving a sealing ring 13 (see Fig. 2 and 3 ). According to the present embodiment, the sealing ring 13 is clamped on this paragraph 12, wherein the clamping takes place in the context of assembly prior to placing the box 3 on the floor 2. The sealing ring 13 is in the present case a sealing ring with a circular profile, but other profiles, in particular oval or rectangular profiles (flat gasket) are possible.

Alternatively, a clamping of the sealing ring 12 to the bottom 2 by means of retaining rings formed on the sealing ring 12, which in the at Corners 8 of the bottom 2 provided cutouts are clamped possible. This particularly preferred embodiment will be explained in detail with reference to the fifth embodiment described later.

According to a variant not shown in the drawing, the seal is formed molded directly to the box 3 in paragraph 12, so that incorrect assembly of the sealing ring can be avoided.

In all three cases, the box 3 is placed after the positioning or formation of the sealing ring and the seal pressed. Subsequently, according to the present embodiment, the closing means of Wellschlitzbördelung, wherein the integrated cam in the bottom 2 7 serve to support the box 3 against the forces acting through the closing forces, so that a collapse of the box 3 and a leak associated with it is avoided.

According to the in the FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrated second embodiment, which - unless explicitly stated - corresponds to the first embodiment described above, which is why the same and equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals, crenellated ribs 14 are formed on the inner peripheral side of the box 3, which cooperate with the first cam 7a, which are offset further in the longitudinal direction of the webs between the openings 6. The ribs 14 on the box 3 in this case extend to the bottom end of the nose 11. In the present case, the ribs 14 are formed such that above the first cam 7a reduces its height.

In the FIGS. 16 to 24 a bottom 2 according to the third embodiment is shown. Here are - in contrast to the cams 7a and 7b of the two embodiments described above - over substantially the entire width of the bottom 2 extending cams, hereinafter referred to as beads 7 ', with substantially continuous cross-sectional profile (see Fig. 18 ), which in the present case by means of forming, ie according to the cams 7a and 7b, are made.

The webs between the openings 6 in this case in the direction of the introduced flat tubes approximately perpendicular to the bottom 2 extending edges 6 '(passages), which have an arcuate transition in the direction of the ground plane B, i. the bottom 2 without continuous in web longitudinal direction beads 7 '. Subsequently, the bead 7 'is formed, wherein the bead 7' also has arcuate transitions. The cross-section of each web in the present case comprises three radii whose centers are arranged within the web, and two radii whose centers are arranged outside the web, i. The transitions are each formed as circular arc sections, however, the curvature of the individual transitions can also change.

Also on the narrow-side edge regions of the bottom 2 in each case a continuous bead 7 'in place of the three cams 7b according to the first embodiment is arranged.

If the ground plane B is not formed by a surface as in the first two embodiments, it is determined by the inflection point of the curvature curves of passages and beads 7 ', as in the detail view X of FIG Fig. 18 indicated.

The flat tube ends of the arranged in the openings between the webs flat tubes 4 (see Fig. 24t) protrude in the assembled and soldered state according to the present embodiment slightly above the ground plane B - ie the plane which has the bottom, with no formed beads - out, however is also a flush conclusion with the ground floor level B or a protruding until the end of the beads and possibly also beyond possible.

The attachment of the box 3 takes place in the manner described in the first embodiment.

According to a fourth embodiment, not shown in the drawing, the cams are formed such that the tapered ends of the cams are directly adjacent to each other, substantially in the central longitudinal plane of the floor, i. the two cams are almost formed as a single, continuous cam.

According to the fifth, in the FIGS. 25 to 35 illustrated embodiment, a heat exchanger 1, in turn a charge air cooler, two sealed by trays 2 boxes 3 and a plurality of extending between the boxes 3 tubes 4. The tubes 4 are formed as flat tubes and corrugated ribs are arranged between two tubes. The tubes 4 protrude with their ends 5 in as passages with the outer dimensions of the tubes 4 correspondingly formed openings 6 in the bottom 2. Here show the passages in the direction of the tubes 4, wherein the tubes 4 in this case each about about the bottoms 2 protrude ( please refer Fig. 32 ).

The formed as a sheet-stamped bent parts bottom 2 further has a plurality of elevations in the form of cams 7, which extend in the direction of the box 3, that rise above the ground plane B level. In the present case, the cams 7 are produced by means of a forming process with the aid of punches with a trapezoidal or triangular cross-section. In each case two first cams 7a are each arranged in the region of the ends of the webs between two openings 6. Further, each four arranged in a row and present each other appropriately trained second cam 7b provided at the narrow end of the bottom 2 (please refer Fig. 28 ). The length of the first cam 7a and the second cam 7b corresponds to each other, but their shape differs, that is, their groove shape. The first cams 7a have an approximately V-shaped configuration of substantially constant height, the second cams 7b have a more U-shaped configuration that is rounded toward the bottom center and steeper toward the outside and has a substantially constant height.

The longitudinal and narrow ends of the bottom 2 are bent in the mounted state at a right angle in the direction of the box 3, wherein at the corners 8 of the bottom 2 each cutouts are provided. The cutouts serve to receive at a clamped in the bottom 2 sealing ring 13, which has at its four corners ohrenförmige holding elements 13 ', which are connected via a web integral with the sealing ring 13. In contrast to conventional soils arranged sealing rings, which are inserted into an outer circumferential groove under tension and clamped by the box, the sealing ring 13 is located on a flat surface in the ground plane B, where he defined by the holding elements 13 'held in the cutouts is stretched rectangular, so that a good seal between the box and floor can be guaranteed. The sealing ring 13 in the present case has a circular cross section, but in principle also another cross section may be provided, for example a rectangular cross section.

In the ends of the floors 2, a plurality of slots 9 are provided, which serve to connect the floor 2 and box 3 by means of the known and Wellschlitzbördelung.

The length of the first nubs 7a, as well as the second nubs 7b is about 20% of the length of the openings 6, so the passages and thus the (larger) width of the flat tubes, wherein the first nubs 7a have a length of 10 mm in the present case.

Of course, combinations of the embodiments described above are possible, for example, alternately provided cams 7 according to the first embodiment and cams 7 'according to the third embodiment of adjacent webs. Likewise, only continuous cams 7 'and on the outer webs cams 7 may be provided on the central webs. Also, a transition from continuous cams 7 'to lateral, by a land portion which is substantially undeformed, separate cams 7 to the outside is possible, i. in the middle of the embodiment according to the third embodiment, then according to the fourth embodiment and outwardly according to the first embodiment, wherein the longitudinal extent of the cam is reduced to the outside. In the edge region, however, the separately formed cams 7 do not differ from the continuous cams 7 ', so that no special adaptation of the cask to differently shaped web areas is required.

Claims (17)

1. A heat exchanger having a plurality of tubers (4) and having at least one tank (3) which is closed off by means of a plate (2) which is provided with opening (6) and into which the at least one end (5) of the tubes (4) opens out, characterized in that the plate (2) has lobes (7; 7a; 7b; 7') and/or beads, and the lobes (7; 7a, 7b; 7') and/or beads rise in the longitudinal extent of the tubes (4) toward the tank (3).
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the lobes (7; 7a; 7') and/or beads are formed in the plate regions between the tubes (4).
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 on 2, characterised in that the lobes (7, 7b) and/or beads (7') are formed at the longitudinal-side ends of the plate (2).
4. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lobes (7; 7a, 7b; 7') and/or beads are formed by means of a shaping process.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening (6) which receive the tubes (4) are formed as rim holes which extend in the direction of the tubes (4).
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the tubes (4) end flush with, or project slightly beyond, the rim holes.
7. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate (2) is of planar design with the exception of the lobes (7; 7a, 7b; 7') and/or beads (7') and rim holes, and the longitudinal and narrow-side ends of the plate (2) are bent around at an angle of 80 to 90° in the direction of the tank (3).
8. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tank (3) has a lug which protrudes in the direction of the plate (2) and which is formed spaced apart from the periphery of the tank (3).
9. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a seal is arranged at the peripheral side of the lug.
10. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the seal is mounted of or injection-molded on.
11. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the seal has ear-like retraining elements (13') which can be hooked into cutouts provided at the corners (8) of the plate (2).
12. The heat exchange as claimed in one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the height of the lug corresponds approximately to the height of the lobes (7, 7a) and/or beads (7') .
13. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the lug bears against the lobes (7a) or beads (7').
14. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tank (3) has, if the vicinity of its plate (2), on its inner peripheral side, inwardly expending ribs (14) or projections.
15. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the ribs (14) or projections bear against the lobes (7, 7a) and/or beads (7').
16. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the height of the ribs (14) or projections reduces in the direction into the tank (3).
17. The heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the opening (6) for the tubes (4) extend in between the ribs (14) or projections.

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