EP1840233B1 - Aluminium alloy for cast parts - Google Patents
Aluminium alloy for cast parts Download PDFInfo
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- EP1840233B1 EP1840233B1 EP20060025641 EP06025641A EP1840233B1 EP 1840233 B1 EP1840233 B1 EP 1840233B1 EP 20060025641 EP20060025641 EP 20060025641 EP 06025641 A EP06025641 A EP 06025641A EP 1840233 B1 EP1840233 B1 EP 1840233B1
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- European Patent Office
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- weight
- casting
- alloy
- aluminum alloy
- aluminium alloy
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for a casting, a method of manufacturing a casting, a casting, and the use of the aluminum alloy to make a casting.
- lighter components In the automotive sector, components made of steel are increasingly being replaced by lighter components, which makes it possible, for example, to achieve fuel savings during operation of the motor vehicle.
- lighter components there are at least the same requirements for the components of lighter materials as those made of steel, for example, in terms of corrosion resistance, machinability and rigidity.
- Aluminum alloys are particularly suitable as replacement materials. Aluminum alloys have a high corrosion resistance with good mechanical properties such as rigidity and machinability and a reduced weight. In addition, the properties in aluminum alloys can be influenced by the aluminum alloy constituents.
- parts made of aluminum alloys are preferably cast.
- the aluminum alloy In order to ensure a good castability of the usually geometrically highly complex castings, the aluminum alloy must also allow the casting of thin-walled parts.
- composition of the alloy is of particular importance here. These first determine the properties required with respect to a final product. In addition, however, it also influences the properties that facilitate and facilitate the processing to the end product.
- the silicon content of an aluminum alloy influences the flowability and hence the castability of a molten alloy. To get a good castability To ensure aluminum alloy, it must therefore contain a proportion of silicon. However, the silicon content also reduces the elongation at break and the mechanical strength of the casting. However, these opposing properties are particularly important in the casting of high strength, large castings with thin walled portions.
- the publication DE 42 15 160 describes an aluminum die cast alloy having low tack in the die and high elongation at break both prior to and after cure, where the alloy is 5 to 12 wt% silicon, less than 0.2 wt% iron, less than 0.01 Wt .-% copper, 0 to 0.8 wt .-% magnesium, 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-% cobalt and other admissible admixtures contains.
- the high cobalt content of from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 0.3% by weight, should advantageously influence the tendency to adhere in pressure casting molds.
- the alloys indicated in the examples have high levels of magnesium in the range above 0.33% by weight. It is proposed to adjust the silicon content to more than 12% by weight for the purpose of improving the molding properties.
- an aluminum alloy having improved shear cutting properties and comprising: from 8 to 13% by weight of silicon, from 2.5 to 6% by weight of copper, from 0.3 to 1.2% by weight of magnesium, of From 0.25 to 1.0% by weight of iron and / or manganese, from 0.005 to 0.25% by weight of titanium and boron, the remainder being aluminum and unavoidable impurities. It is stated that a proportion of magnesium of less than 0.3% by weight adversely affects the age hardening of the alloy.
- DE 44 36 481 discloses an aluminum alloy containing, inter alia, 2.0 to 3.3% by weight of silicon, 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of magnesium and 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of titanium. It is stated that a content of more than 3.3% by weight of silicon deteriorates the elongation at break and mechanical strength and is therefore to be avoided. The accompanying with the addition of silicon impairment of the mechanical properties is intended by Addition of at least 0.2% by weight of magnesium can be compensated. It is further stated that the content of titanium should not exceed 0.1 wt% in order not to deteriorate toughness, strength, elongation at break, and so on.
- the US 2003/0178106 A1 discloses an aluminum alloy containing silicon, iron, magnesium, copper and optionally other components.
- the remaining constituents also include unavoidable impurities, such as are commonly found in aluminum alloys.
- an alloy having the above composition exhibits excellent casting performance, which allows the casting of large castings with at the same time smallest ramifications, for example ribs, with wall thicknesses in the range of a few millimeters, the casting subsequently having a high rigidity.
- the present invention relates to a support of a vehicle body, in particular a side member, of the above aluminum alloy.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vehicle body support, the method being a known sand casting method or a vacuum die casting method.
- the present invention provides a use of the above aluminum alloy for a vehicle body support.
- composition of the aluminum alloy according to the invention is explained as follows:
- silicon is present in a proportion of 6.0-7.5 wt%.
- a silicon content in this range ensures good castability and a good solidification behavior with high rigidity of the resulting casting.
- the silicon content of the aluminum alloy is below 6.0% by weight, it is no longer possible to ensure good castability, in particular of very fine components of castings in the range of a few millimeters, such as reinforcing ribs with a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
- the mechanical strength and rigidity of the casting greatly decreases because a relatively large amount of eutectic silicon crystallizes at the grain boundaries. As a result, such an alloy has deteriorated elongation at break and deteriorated mechanical strength.
- the silicon content is in the range of 6.5 to 7.5 wt .-%.
- Magnesium is added to the alloy as a mixed crystal former.
- the addition of magnesium promotes the formation of precipitated Mg 2 Si in the aluminum alloy.
- Mg 2 Si improves the mechanical strength, such as the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy casting.
- the magnesium content exceeds 0.2% by weight, the elongation at break and the impact resistance are remarkably lowered.
- the mechanical strength of the casting can not be sufficiently improved.
- the content of iron in the alloy according to the invention should be kept as low as possible. It is an almost iron-free alloy.
- the low iron content allows the simplified processing, for example by the sand casting process. Therefore, the content of iron in the present invention should be less than 0.005 wt%.
- the cast structure is refined. Thereby, impurities and shrinkages precipitated at the grain boundaries can be finely dispersed, whereby the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy casting can be improved.
- the mentioned properties are achieved when the proportion of titanium and boron in the range of 0.1 to 0.18 wt .-% for titanium and 0.0004 - 0.0015 wt .-% of boron.
- the phosphorus content of the aluminum alloy is below 0.006% by weight.
- impurities such as sodium, strontium, antimony and calcium react with phosphorus and do not contribute to the refining of eutectic silicon.
- the content of phosphorus is therefore kept below 0.006 wt .-%.
- the proportion of antimony and / or cobalt is in each case less than 0.001% by weight.
- Strontium is used to refine the alloy. Strontium contributes significantly to the fact that the alloy can develop the preferred properties.
- the eutectic silicon is refined by the strontium.
- the aluminum alloy consists of 6.0-7.5% by weight of silicon, 0.14-0.2% by weight of magnesium, 0.1-0.18% by weight of titanium, less than 0.005 wt .-% iron, and aluminum as the remainder.
- the alloy according to the invention additionally consists of one or more of the abovementioned elements (P, Na, Sr, Sb, Co) in the proportions stated in each case.
- the residual constituents include unavoidable impurities, such as those commonly found in aluminum alloys.
- the aluminum alloy according to the invention can be used to produce a casting, in particular a cast-iron carrier or a body of a vehicle body.
- the properties, in particular the advantageous castability of the alloy allow an embodiment of the casting such that even fine struts of the casting can be cast with a wall thickness in the range of a few millimeters, such as reinforcing ribs in the range of 1 to 2 mm. Subsequently, the casting shows a high rigidity.
- a preferred casting of the present invention is a carrier as a casting having a strut mount and a plurality of reinforcing ribs.
- a preferred method for producing a casting from an aluminum alloy according to the invention is a sand casting method or a vacuum die casting method.
- the sand casting process is a one-shot molding process in which the melt of the aluminum alloy is poured into a sand mold.
- the molded sand can only be used once and is destroyed after the solidification of the castings.
- the sand casting process is characterized by comparatively low mold costs and the manufacturability of complicated geometries and undercuts.
- the liquid melt of the aluminum alloy is forced under high pressure of about 10 to 200 MPa and at a very high speed of up to 120 m / s into a die casting mold in which it then cools.
- An example of an aluminum alloy according to the invention is shown below. The mass fractions are given in percent after analysis by radio spectrometry.
- the starting alloy used for the alloy shown in Table 1 was AlSi7MgTi.
- Table 1 Si Fe Cu Mn mg Cr Ni Zn Ti 6.59 0.0044 0,018 ⁇ 0.001 0.145 ⁇ 0.0005 ⁇ 0.0005 0.0129 0,107
- B Be Bi Ca CD Co ga Li N / A 0.0005 ⁇ 0.0001 ⁇ 0.001 0.0008 ⁇ 0.0001 ⁇ 0.0001 ⁇ 0.001 ⁇ 0.0001 P pb sb sn Sr V Zr al 0.0005 ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.001 ⁇ 0.001 0.0001 0.0006 ⁇ 0.0005 93.2
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a support 1 of a vehicle body with reinforcing ribs 2.
- the carrier is cast from an aluminum alloy according to the invention by the sand casting method. However, it is also possible to produce the carrier 1 by the vacuum die casting method or the low pressure sand casting method.
- the carrier 1 is arranged as a longitudinal member in the region of a vehicle rear dolly and has at its one end 1a a receptacle for a seat recess and at its other end 1b a strut mount for a part of a suspension.
- the carrier 1 absorbs forces from the suspension as well as side impact forces resulting from a vehicle side impact.
- the carrier 1 is provided with reinforcing ribs 2 for increasing its strength and rigidity. In particular, extending transversely to the vehicle extending reinforcing ribs 2 are provided, which receive bending and torsional moments, resulting for example from a side impact.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a section AA of the arrangement FIG. 1 ,
- the section AA shows only a cross section of one of the three reinforcing ribs 2, which are formed substantially identical.
- the reinforcing ribs 2 extend approximately perpendicularly from a base member 3, which has a thickness D1 and a length L, as in FIG FIG. 1 shown, and have a height H relative to a surface 3a of the Base member 3. Further, the reinforcing ribs 2 taper in a direction away from the surface 3a of the base member 3, and therefore have a thinner end 2b having a thickness D2 and a taper angle W with respect to its cross section. Furthermore, the reinforcing ribs 2 have at their thinner end 2b and in their connection region 2a on the base element 3 radii R1 and R2, respectively.
- the reinforcing ribs 2 By means of the aluminum alloy according to the invention and in particular by means of its high castability, it is possible to form the reinforcing ribs 2 with a very high and at the same time narrow cross-section, the height H being approximately 20 millimeters and the tapering angle only approximately 6 degrees.
- the thinner end 2b has only a thickness of about 1 to 1.5 millimeters.
- the radii R1 and R2 can be formed with only about 0.75 millimeters at the thinner end 2b and about 2 millimeters in the connection region 2a on the base member 3.
- the thickness D1 of the base element 3 is just about 4 millimeters with a length L of about 1200 millimeters of the base element 3.
- the small radii R1, R2 and the thin but relatively large base element 3 at relatively high reinforcing ribs 2 creates a very torsionally stiff and high-strength carrier 1 at very low weight.
- the high strength and rigidity of the aluminum alloy used contribute to this.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Aluminiumlegierung für ein Gussteil, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussteils, ein Gussteil sowie die Verwendung der Aluminiumlegierung zur Herstellung eines Gussteils.The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for a casting, a method of manufacturing a casting, a casting, and the use of the aluminum alloy to make a casting.
Im Automobilbereich werden in zunehmendem Maße Bauteile aus Stahl durch leichtere Bauteile ersetzt, wodurch sich beispielsweise eine Kraftstoffeinsparung beim Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges erzielen lässt. Dabei existieren jedoch zumindest die gleichen Anforderungen an die Bauteile aus leichteren Materialien wie an diejenigen aus Stahl, beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Bearbeitbarkeit und Steifigkeit.In the automotive sector, components made of steel are increasingly being replaced by lighter components, which makes it possible, for example, to achieve fuel savings during operation of the motor vehicle. However, there are at least the same requirements for the components of lighter materials as those made of steel, for example, in terms of corrosion resistance, machinability and rigidity.
Als Ersatzmaterialien bieten sich hierbei insbesondere Aluminiumlegierungen an. Aluminiumlegierungen weisen eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei gleichzeitig guten mechanischen Eigenschaften wie Steifigkeit und Bearbeitbarkeit und einem verminderten Gewicht auf. Zudem lassen sich die Eigenschaften in Aluminiumlegierungen durch die Aluminiumlegierungsbestandteile beeinflussen.Aluminum alloys are particularly suitable as replacement materials. Aluminum alloys have a high corrosion resistance with good mechanical properties such as rigidity and machinability and a reduced weight. In addition, the properties in aluminum alloys can be influenced by the aluminum alloy constituents.
Zur kostengünstigen Herstellung werden Teile aus Aluminiumlegierungen bevorzugt gegossen. Um eine gute Gießbarkeit der zumeist geometrisch hoch komplexen Gussteile zu gewährleisten, muss die Aluminiumlegierung auch das Gießen dünnwandiger Teile ermöglichen.For cost-effective production, parts made of aluminum alloys are preferably cast. In order to ensure a good castability of the usually geometrically highly complex castings, the aluminum alloy must also allow the casting of thin-walled parts.
Der Zusammensetzung der Legierung kommt hier besondere Bedeutung zu. Durch diese werden zunächst die Eigenschaften bestimmt, welche in Bezug auf ein Endprodukt erforderlich sind. Zudem beeinflusst sie jedoch auch die Eigenschaften, welche die Verarbeitung zum Endprodukt ermöglichen und erleichtern.The composition of the alloy is of particular importance here. These first determine the properties required with respect to a final product. In addition, however, it also influences the properties that facilitate and facilitate the processing to the end product.
So beeinflusst der Siliziumgehalt einer Aluminiumlegierung das Fließvermögen und damit die Gießbarkeit einer geschmolzenen Legierung. Um eine gute Gießbarkeit einer Aluminiumlegierung gewährleisten zu können, muss diese folglich einen Anteil an Silizium enthalten. Der Siliziumgehalt vermindert allerdings auch die Bruchdehnung sowie die mechanische Festigkeit des Gussteils. Diese sich gegenüberstehenden Eigenschaften sind jedoch besonders beim Gießen von hochfesten, großen Gussteilen mit dünnwandigen Teilbereichen wichtig.Thus, the silicon content of an aluminum alloy influences the flowability and hence the castability of a molten alloy. To get a good castability To ensure aluminum alloy, it must therefore contain a proportion of silicon. However, the silicon content also reduces the elongation at break and the mechanical strength of the casting. However, these opposing properties are particularly important in the casting of high strength, large castings with thin walled portions.
Die Druckschrift
Aus
Die
Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine verbesserte Aluminiumlegierung bereitzustellen, die eine ausreichende Gießbarkeit, insbesondere großer Gussteile mit dünnwandigen Teilbereichen, bei gleichzeitig hoher Bruchdehnung, Steifigkeit und mechanischer Festigkeit gewährleistet.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved aluminum alloy which ensures sufficient castability, in particular large castings with thin-walled portions, at the same time high elongation at break, rigidity and mechanical strength.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Aluminiumlegierung gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the aluminum alloy according to claim 1.
Zu den Restbestandteilen zählen auch unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen, wie sie in Aluminiumlegierungen üblicherweise enthalten sind.The remaining constituents also include unavoidable impurities, such as are commonly found in aluminum alloys.
Überraschenderweise zeigt eine Legierung mit obiger Zusammensetzung ein herausragendes Gießverhalten, das den Guss von großen Gussteilen mit gleichzeitig kleinsten Verästelungen, beispielsweise Rippen, mit Wanddicken im Bereich weniger Millimeter ermöglicht, wobei das Gussteil anschließend eine hohe Steifigkeit aufweist.Surprisingly, an alloy having the above composition exhibits excellent casting performance, which allows the casting of large castings with at the same time smallest ramifications, for example ribs, with wall thicknesses in the range of a few millimeters, the casting subsequently having a high rigidity.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung einen Träger einer Fahrzeugkarosserie, insbesondere einen Längsträger, aus der obigen Aluminiumlegierung.According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a support of a vehicle body, in particular a side member, of the above aluminum alloy.
Ein dritter Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers einer Fahrzeugkarosserie, wobei das Verfahren ein bekanntes Sandgussverfahren oder ein Vakuumdruckgussverfahren ist.A third aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vehicle body support, the method being a known sand casting method or a vacuum die casting method.
Gemäß einem letzten Aspekt stellt die vorliegende Erfindung eine Verwendung der oben genannten Aluminiumlegierung für einen Träger einer Fahrzeugkarosserie bereit.In a final aspect, the present invention provides a use of the above aluminum alloy for a vehicle body support.
In der Aluminiumlegierung gemäß der oben erwähnten Zusammensetzung liegt Silizium in einem Anteil von 6,0 - 7,5 Gew.-% vor. Ein Siliziumgehalt in diesem Bereich gewährleistet eine gute Gießbarkeit und ein gutes Erstarrungsverhalten bei gleichzeitig hoher Steifigkeit des resultierenden Gussteils.In the aluminum alloy according to the above-mentioned composition, silicon is present in a proportion of 6.0-7.5 wt%. A silicon content in this range ensures good castability and a good solidification behavior with high rigidity of the resulting casting.
Liegt der Siliziumgehalt der Aluminiumlegierung unterhalb von 6,0 Gew.-%, kann eine gute Gießbarkeit insbesondere feinster Bestandteile von Gussteilen im Bereich weniger Millimeter, wie beispielsweise Verstärkungsrippen mit einer Wanddicke von 1 - 2 mm, nicht mehr gewährleistet werden.If the silicon content of the aluminum alloy is below 6.0% by weight, it is no longer possible to ensure good castability, in particular of very fine components of castings in the range of a few millimeters, such as reinforcing ribs with a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
Liegt der Siliziumanteil jedoch oberhalb von 7,5 Gew.-%, nimmt die mechanische Festigkeit und Steifigkeit des Gussteils stark ab, da eine relativ große Menge an eutektischem Silizium an den Korngrenzen kristallisiert. Dadurch weist eine derartige Legierung verschlechterte Bruchdehnung und verschlechterte mechanische Festigkeit auf.However, if the silicon content is more than 7.5% by weight, the mechanical strength and rigidity of the casting greatly decreases because a relatively large amount of eutectic silicon crystallizes at the grain boundaries. As a result, such an alloy has deteriorated elongation at break and deteriorated mechanical strength.
Bevorzugt liegt der Siliziumanteil im Bereich von 6,5 bis 7,5 Gew.-%.Preferably, the silicon content is in the range of 6.5 to 7.5 wt .-%.
Magnesium wird der Legierung als Mischkristallbildner zugegeben. Die Zugabe von Magnesium fördert die Bildung von präzipitiertem Mg2Si in der Aluminiumlegierung. Durch das Vorliegen von Mg2Si wird die mechanische Festigkeit wie z.B. die Zugfestigkeit des Gussteils aus der Aluminiumlegierung verbessert. Steigt jedoch der Magnesiumgehalt über 0,2 Gew.-%, wird die Bruchdehnung und die Schlagzähigkeit merklich vermindert. Bei einem Gehalt von weniger als 0,14 Gew.-% kann die mechanische Festigkeit des Gussteils nicht mehr in ausreichendem Maße verbessert werden.Magnesium is added to the alloy as a mixed crystal former. The addition of magnesium promotes the formation of precipitated Mg 2 Si in the aluminum alloy. By the presence of Mg 2 Si improves the mechanical strength, such as the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy casting. However, if the magnesium content exceeds 0.2% by weight, the elongation at break and the impact resistance are remarkably lowered. At a content of less than 0.14 wt%, the mechanical strength of the casting can not be sufficiently improved.
Der Gehalt an Eisen in der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung soll so gering wie möglich gehalten werden. Es handelt sich um eine annähernd eisenfreie Legierung. Der geringe Eisengehalt ermöglicht die vereinfachte Verarbeitung beispielsweise durch das Sandgussverfahren. Daher soll der Gehalt an Eisen in der vorliegenden Erfindung weniger als 0,005 Gew.-% betragen.The content of iron in the alloy according to the invention should be kept as low as possible. It is an almost iron-free alloy. The low iron content allows the simplified processing, for example by the sand casting process. Therefore, the content of iron in the present invention should be less than 0.005 wt%.
Durch die gleichzeitige Verwendung von Titan und Bor als so genanntes Kornfeinungsmittel in der Aluminiumlegierung wird das Gussgefüge raffiniert. Dadurch können Verunreinigungen und Schrumpfungen, die an den Korngrenzen präzipitiert sind, fein dispergiert werden, wodurch die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Gussteils aus der Aluminiumlegierung verbessert werden können. Die erwähnten Eigenschaften werden erreicht, wenn der Anteil an Titan und Bor im Bereich von 0,1 - 0,18 Gew.-% für Titan sowie 0,0004 - 0,0015 Gew.-% für Bor liegen.By simultaneously using titanium and boron as a so-called grain refining agent in the aluminum alloy, the cast structure is refined. Thereby, impurities and shrinkages precipitated at the grain boundaries can be finely dispersed, whereby the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy casting can be improved. The mentioned properties are achieved when the proportion of titanium and boron in the range of 0.1 to 0.18 wt .-% for titanium and 0.0004 - 0.0015 wt .-% of boron.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt der Phosphorgehalt der Aluminiumlegierung unterhalb von 0,006 Gew.-%. Durch die Zugabe von Phosphor reagieren Verunreinigungen wie Natrium, Strontium, Antimon und Kalzium mit Phosphor und tragen nicht zum Raffinieren von eutektischem Silizium bei. Der Gehalt an Phosphor wird daher unterhalb von 0,006 Gew.-% gehalten.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phosphorus content of the aluminum alloy is below 0.006% by weight. By adding phosphorus, impurities such as sodium, strontium, antimony and calcium react with phosphorus and do not contribute to the refining of eutectic silicon. The content of phosphorus is therefore kept below 0.006 wt .-%.
Es wird weiterhin erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, dass der Anteil an Antimon und/oder Kobalt jeweils weniger als 0,001 Gew.-% beträgt.It is furthermore preferred according to the invention that the proportion of antimony and / or cobalt is in each case less than 0.001% by weight.
Strontium wird zur Veredelung der Legierung eingesetzt. Dabei trägt Strontium wesentlich dazu bei, dass die Legierung die bevorzugten Eigenschaften entfalten kann. Das eutektische Silizium wird durch das Strontium raffiniert.Strontium is used to refine the alloy. Strontium contributes significantly to the fact that the alloy can develop the preferred properties. The eutectic silicon is refined by the strontium.
Neben den Veredelungsmitteln wie P, Na, Sr, Sb oder Co sind andere Verunreinigungen in einer Aluminiumlegierung unvermeidlich. Erfindungsgemäß sind diese Verunreinigungen so gering wie möglich. Als Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung kann AlSi5Mg oder
AlSi7MgTi dienen.In addition to refining agents such as P, Na, Sr, Sb or Co, other impurities in an aluminum alloy are inevitable. According to the invention, these impurities are as low as possible. As starting material for the production of an alloy according to the invention AlSi5Mg or
Serve AlSi7MgTi.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die Aluminiumlegierung aus 6,0 - 7,5 Gew.-% Silizium, 0,14 - 0,2 Gew.-% Magnesium, 0,1 - 0,18 Gew.-% Titan, weniger als 0,005 Gew.-% Eisen, sowie Aluminium als Restbestandteil. In weiteren Ausführungsformen besteht die erfindungsgemäße Legierung zusätzlich aus einem oder mehreren der oben genannten Elemente (P, Na, Sr, Sb, Co) in den jeweils angegebenen Mengenanteilen.In one embodiment of the invention, the aluminum alloy consists of 6.0-7.5% by weight of silicon, 0.14-0.2% by weight of magnesium, 0.1-0.18% by weight of titanium, less than 0.005 wt .-% iron, and aluminum as the remainder. In further embodiments, the alloy according to the invention additionally consists of one or more of the abovementioned elements (P, Na, Sr, Sb, Co) in the proportions stated in each case.
Auch hier gilt, dass zu den Restbestandteilen auch unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen zählen, wie sie in Aluminiumlegierungen üblicherweise enthalten sind.Again, the residual constituents include unavoidable impurities, such as those commonly found in aluminum alloys.
Die Aluminiumlegierung gemäß der Erfindung kann verwendet werden, um ein Gussteil, insbesondere ein Gussträgerteil oder einen Träger einer Fahrzeugkarosserie, herzustellen. Dabei erlauben die Eigenschaften, insbesondere die vorteilhafte Gießbarkeit der Legierung, eine Ausgestaltung des Gussteils derart, dass selbst feine Verstrebungen des Gussteils mit einer Wanddicke im Bereich von wenigen Millimetern, wie beispielsweise Verstärkungsrippen im Bereich von 1 - 2 mm, gegossen werden können. Anschließend zeigt das Gussteil eine hohe Steifigkeit.The aluminum alloy according to the invention can be used to produce a casting, in particular a cast-iron carrier or a body of a vehicle body. The properties, in particular the advantageous castability of the alloy, allow an embodiment of the casting such that even fine struts of the casting can be cast with a wall thickness in the range of a few millimeters, such as reinforcing ribs in the range of 1 to 2 mm. Subsequently, the casting shows a high rigidity.
Ein bevorzugtes Gussteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Träger als Gussteil mit einer Federbeinaufnahme und mehreren Verstärkungsrippen.A preferred casting of the present invention is a carrier as a casting having a strut mount and a plurality of reinforcing ribs.
Ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussteils aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung ist ein Sandgussverfahren oder ein Vakuumdruckgussverfahren.A preferred method for producing a casting from an aluminum alloy according to the invention is a sand casting method or a vacuum die casting method.
Beim Sandgussverfahren handelt es sich um ein Einmalformverfahren, bei dem die Schmelze der Aluminiumlegierung in eine Sandform gegossen wird. Der eingeformte Sand kann nur einmal verwendet werden und wird nach der Erstarrung der Gussteile zerstört.The sand casting process is a one-shot molding process in which the melt of the aluminum alloy is poured into a sand mold. The molded sand can only be used once and is destroyed after the solidification of the castings.
Das Sandgussverfahren zeichnet sich durch vergleichsweise geringe Formkosten und die Herstellbarkeit von komplizierten Geometrien und Hinterschneidungen aus.The sand casting process is characterized by comparatively low mold costs and the manufacturability of complicated geometries and undercuts.
Beim Druckguss wird die flüssige Schmelze der Aluminiumlegierung unter hohem Druck von circa 10 bis 200 MPa und mit einer sehr hohen Geschwindigkeit von bis zu 120 m/s in eine Druckgussform gedrückt, in der sie dann erkaltet.During die casting, the liquid melt of the aluminum alloy is forced under high pressure of about 10 to 200 MPa and at a very high speed of up to 120 m / s into a die casting mold in which it then cools.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Figuren der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures of the drawings.
Von den Figuren zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Trägers einer Fahrzeugkarosserie mit Verstärkungsrippen, hergestellt aus einer Aluminiumlegierung gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Figur 2- einen Schnitt A-A der Anordnung aus
Figur 1 .
- FIG. 1
- a perspective view of a support of a vehicle body with reinforcing ribs, made of an aluminum alloy according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2
- a section AA of the arrangement
FIG. 1 ,
Im Folgenden wird ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung dargestellt. Die Massenanteile sind in Prozent nach der Analyse durch Funkenspektrometrie angegeben. Als Ausgangslegierung für die in Tabelle 1 dargestellte Legierung diente AlSi7MgTi.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumgusslegierungen sowie der Werkstücke können vom Fachmann die üblichen Verfahren, soweit hier nicht anders bestimmt, verwendet werden.For the production of the aluminum casting alloys according to the invention as well as the workpieces, the usual methods, unless otherwise stated, can be used by the person skilled in the art.
Bei einem Zugversuch mit einer Flachzugprobe der oben genannten Legierung zeigte die Probe eine Dehngrenze RP 0,2 von über 150 MPa, eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von über 220 MPa sowie eine Bruchdehnung A5 von über 10%. Die Bruchdehnung A5 gibt dabei die Bruchdehnung einer proportionalen Probe an. Diese Materialkennwerte belegen die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der Legierung.In a tensile test with a flat tensile specimen of the abovementioned alloy, the specimen showed a yield strength R P 0.2 of more than 150 MPa, a tensile strength R m of more than 220 MPa and an elongation at break A 5 of more than 10%. The elongation at break A 5 indicates the breaking elongation of a proportional sample. These material characteristics prove the advantageous properties of the alloy.
Vorzugsweise ist der Träger 1 als Längsträger im Bereich eines Fahrzeughinterwagens angeordnet und besitzt an seinem einen Ende 1a eine Aufnahme für eine Sitzmulde sowie an seinem anderen Ende 1b eine Federbeinaufnahme für einen Teil einer Radaufhängung. Dabei nimmt der Träger 1 insbesondere Kräfte aus der Radaufhängung sowie Seitenaufprallkräfte, die sich bei einem Fahrzeugseitenaufprall ergeben, auf. Der Träger 1 ist mit Verstärkungsrippen 2 zur Erhöhung dessen Festigkeit und Steifigkeit versehen. Insbesondere sind quer zum Fahrzeug verlaufende Verstärkungsrippen 2 vorgesehen, welche Biege- und Torsionsmomente, die sich beispielsweise aus einem Seitenaufprall ergeben, aufnehmen.Preferably, the carrier 1 is arranged as a longitudinal member in the region of a vehicle rear dolly and has at its one
Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung und insbesondere mittels ihrer hohen Gießbarkeit ist es möglich, die Verstärkungsrippen 2 mit einem sehr hohen und gleichzeitig schmalen Querschnitt auszubilden, wobei die Höhe H in etwa 20 Millimeter und der Verjüngungswinkel lediglich in etwa 6 Grad beträgt. Das dünnere Ende 2b weist lediglich eine Dicke von etwa 1 bis 1,5 Millimeter auf.By means of the aluminum alloy according to the invention and in particular by means of its high castability, it is possible to form the reinforcing
Besonders vorteilhaft ist der sehr hohe und gleichzeitig schmale Querschnitt der Verstärkungsrippen 2 bei der Aufnahme von Biegemomenten in einer Ebene quer zum Fahrzeug auf Grund des hohen Flächenträgheitsmoments des Querschnitts.Particularly advantageous is the very high and at the same time narrow cross section of the reinforcing
Darüber hinaus lassen sich die Radien R1 und R2 mit nur etwa 0,75 Millimeter an dem dünneren Ende 2b bzw. etwa 2 Millimeter in dem Anbindungsbereich 2a an dem Basiselement 3 ausbilden. Des Weiteren beträgt die Dicke D1 des Basiselements 3 gerade mal etwa 4 Millimeter bei einer Länge L von etwa 1200 Millimetern des Basiselements 3. Die geringen Radien R1, R2 sowie das dünn, aber verhältnismäßig groß ausgebildete Basiselement 3 bei verhältnismäßig hohen Verstärkungsrippen 2 schafft einen sehr verwindungssteifen sowie hochfesten Träger 1 bei sehr geringem Gewicht. Dazu trägt auch insbesondere die hohe Festigkeit und Steifigkeit der verwendeten Aluminiumlegierung bei.In addition, the radii R1 and R2 can be formed with only about 0.75 millimeters at the
Obwohl die Erfindung vorstehend anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele dargelegt wurde, soll die Erfindung nicht darauf beschränkt sein. Vielmehr ist es dem Fachmann möglich, beispielsweise den Siliziumgehalt der Legierung innerhalb der vorgegebenen Grenzen zu erhöhen, um eine höhere Gießbarkeit zu erreichen. Die vorliegende Erfindung wird in ihrem Umfang lediglich durch die beiliegenden Ansprüche definiert.Although the invention has been set forth above with reference to several embodiments, the invention should not be so limited. Rather, it is the skilled person possible, for example, the silicon content of the alloy within the given Increase limits to achieve higher castability. The present invention is defined in scope only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
- Aluminium alloy for casting a cast part, containing- 6.5 - 7.5% by weight silicon,- 0.14 - 0.2% by weight magnesium,- 0.1 - 0.18% by weight titanium,- less than 0.005% by weight iron,- optionally boron in the range from 0.0004 to 0.0015% by weight,- optionally in each case less than 0.001% by weight antimony and/or cobalt,- optionally less than 0.006% by weight phosphorus,- optionally strontium for refining the alloy,- aluminium as residual constituent and- impurities.
- Support for a vehicle body made from an aluminium alloy according to Claim 1.
- Support according to Claim 2, characterized in that the support can be cast as a cast part with a suspension strut mount and reinforcing ribs.
- Process for producing a support according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the process used is a sand casting process or a vacuum diecasting process.
- Use of an aluminium alloy according to Claim 1 for a cast support of a vehicle body.
- Process for producing an aluminium alloy according to Claim 1, wherein the starting alloy used is AlSi5Mg or AlSi7MgTi.
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DE102006014976A DE102006014976A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Aluminum alloy for casting |
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DE4215160C2 (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1995-01-26 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Use of a cast aluminum alloy |
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