EP1839513A1 - Fermeture à glissière résistant à l'eau - Google Patents

Fermeture à glissière résistant à l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1839513A1
EP1839513A1 EP07251182A EP07251182A EP1839513A1 EP 1839513 A1 EP1839513 A1 EP 1839513A1 EP 07251182 A EP07251182 A EP 07251182A EP 07251182 A EP07251182 A EP 07251182A EP 1839513 A1 EP1839513 A1 EP 1839513A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fastener
waterproof
waterproof slide
tape
slide fastener
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07251182A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yutaka Tominaga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
YKK Corp
Original Assignee
YKK Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by YKK Corp filed Critical YKK Corp
Publication of EP1839513A1 publication Critical patent/EP1839513A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/32—Means for making slide fasteners gas or watertight
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/26—Sliders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/25—Zipper or required component thereof
    • Y10T24/2514—Zipper or required component thereof with distinct member for sealing surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waterproof slide fastener in which a slider slides over a pair of fastener stringers.
  • Each stinger is provided with a plurality of synthetic resin fastener elements by integrally molding them on attaching edge portions of waterproof fastener tapes produced by covering a woven or knitted core material with a waterproof layer.
  • This kind of the waterproof slide fastener has a pair of right and left fastener tapes.
  • Each fastener tape contains a belt body woven or knitted with a fiber yarn or a belt-like unwoven fabric as its core material, and both front and rear faces of the core material are covered with a waterproof layer composed of an elastomer.
  • fastener elements made of synthetic resin are integrally molded along the element attaching edge portions such that they stride over both the front and rear faces of the tape by injection molding, whereby fastener stringers are formed.
  • a slider for engaging or disengaging the right and left fastener elements is inserted through the element rows of the fastener stringers.
  • through holes which penetrate through the front and rear faces of the fastener tape are formed preliminarily at a molding portion for each fastener element on the element attaching edge portion of the fastener tape.
  • synthetic resin is molded by injection molding to each element molding portion having the through hole, the fastener element is formed symmetrically with the through hole serving as a passage for synthetic resin, on both the front and rear faces of the tape such that the fastener elements sandwich the element attaching edge portion.
  • each fastener element is formed such that an element upper half portion on the tape front face side and an element lower half portion on the rear face side are connected and integrated through a connecting portion penetrating through the through hole, thereby intensifying the connecting strength between the fastener tape and the fastener element.
  • a waterproof layer is formed on front and rear faces of a fastener tape, and through holes are formed in element attaching edge portions of the fastener tape.
  • Upper and lower half portions of the fastener element are formed on the front and rear faces of the element attaching edge portion, and the upper and lower half portions of the element are integrated through a connecting portion penetrating through the through hole in the element attaching edge portion.
  • an adhesive agent layer is formed on both the front and rear faces corresponding to the periphery of at least the through holes in the fastener tape. A border portion at which the fastener tape around the through hole makes contact with the fastener element is closed by the adhesive agent layer, thereby maintaining water-tightness at the border portion.
  • each fastener element includes a coupling head, a neck portion, a body portion and leg portions each composed of upper and lower half portions molded integrally on the front and rear faces of the tape, the leg portions extending to the inward of the fastener tape from the body portion.
  • Those half portions are connected integrally through a connecting portion penetrating through a through hole formed in a fastener element attaching portion.
  • each half portion of the coupling head and leg portion is formed thinner in a direction perpendicular to the front and rear faces of the fastener tape than each half portion of the neck portion and body portion. Further, the upper and lower half portions of the leg portion guide upper and lower flanges of the slider through a sliding motion, and two or more half portions are disposed at predetermined intervals in a sliding direction of the slider.
  • the fastener tape of the waterproof slide fastener uses a belt-like body woven or knitted with a fiber yarn as its core material, both the front and rear faces of the belt shaped core material are covered with a waterproof layer, and an elastomer composed of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or the like is used as the waterproof layer.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer for covering the fastener tape is excellent in strength and molding processability, its adhesion characteristic to the attachment object composed of polyurethane base is poor. For this reason, a fastener tape having a waterproof layer composed of a thermoplastic polyester elastomer cannot be bonded to a polyurethane base material or polyurethane coated material easily.
  • a polyester elastomer is poor in plasticity as an elastomer.
  • a fastener tape covered with a polyester elastomer tends to be relatively hard, so that flexibility at the time of bending the tape into a U shape or twisting it through its front and rear faces is low. Therefore, when a waterproof slide fastener in which its waterproof layer is formed of a polyester elastomer is attached to an attachment object such as a wet suit, an attachment portion of the waterproof slide fastener becomes hard. As a consequence, a user feels it difficult to wear or put out the attachment object, and wear comfort when he/she wears it may lower.
  • each fastener element is formed on the fastener tape by connecting the upper and lower half portions integrally through the connecting portion penetrating through the through hole in the element attaching edge portion, fixing strength between the fastener tape and the fastener element necessarily drops. This possibly lowers the engaging strength and water tightness of the waterproof slide fastener. Further, the fastener element may rotate around the connecting portion, so that right and left element rows cannot be engaged with each other properly.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a waterproof slide fastener in which its fastener tape has an excellent adhesion characteristic to an attachment object such as the one covered with urethane coating, an excellent bending characteristic, and a high fixing strength between the fastener tape and a fastener element, the waterproof slide fastener further having an excellent engaging strength and water-tightness.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of the present invention is a waterproof slide fastener having a waterproof structure, being characterized by comprising: a pair of fastener stringers in which a plurality of fastener elements are arranged in line by molding integrally along opposing element attaching edge portions of a pair of waterproof fastener tapes, in which a belt shaped core material composed of a woven fabric, knitted fabric or unwoven fabric is covered with a waterproof layer; and a slider for engaging and disengaging the fastener elements; wherein the waterproof layer is composed of a polyurethane elastomer, and the fastener elements are composed of a polymer alloy of polyurethane resin and ABS resin.
  • a ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ABS resin (polyurethane resin/ABS resin) in the polymer alloy is 20/80 to 50/50 in terms of a weight ratio.
  • the belt shaped core material is covered with the waterproof layer composed of a polyurethane elastomer, and a plurality of fastener elements of a polymer alloy of polyurethane resin and ABS resin are attached and molded integrally on the fastener tape.
  • the inventors of the present invention have considered use of a polyurethane elastomer as a material of the waterproof layer instead of a conventionally generally used polyester elastomer (for example, Hytrel) in order to intensify an adhesion characteristic of the fastener tape having its waterproof layer covered thereon to an attachment object such as the one covered with urethane coating.
  • a polyurethane elastomer for example, Hytrel
  • the waterproof layer is formed of a polyurethane elastomer, there is a problem that an adhesion characteristic to fastener elements of polybutylene terephthalate is lowered as described above.
  • the inventors accumulated experiments and considerations for using new synthetic resin indicating an excellent adhesion characteristic having a good affinity to the polyurethane elastomer instead of the conventionally general polybutylene terephthalate.
  • the adhesion characteristic to the polyurethane elastomer is improved if the fastener elements are formed of only polyurethane resin, it takes a long time for resin to be cooled and hardened when the fastener elements are molded, so that a gate is difficult to cut out, thereby presenting poor moldability.
  • the fastener element formed of polyurethane resin is lack of practicality because it is very soft and short of stiffness as the element.
  • ABS resin or polycarbonate resin as well as polyurethane resin as the material of the fastener element.
  • polyurethane resin any one of these resin materials is used independently, it is difficult to obtain the strength of an element and chemical resistance of the element is poor.
  • the waterproof layer to be formed in the fastener tape is made of a polyurethane elastomer and the fastener element to be molded integrally on the fastener tape is a waterproof slide fastener composed of a polymer alloy of polyurethane resin and ABS resin, the properties of the respective materials can be exerted. Consequently, the fastener tape has an excellent adhesive characteristic to an attachment object such as the one covered with urethane coating and an excellent abrasion resistance. Further, the moldability and stiffness of the fastener element are excellent and fixing strength between the fastener tape and the fastener element is raised.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of the present invention has an excellent adhesive characteristic to an attachment object made of polyurethane base synthetic resin because it is easy to be molded and the surface of the fastener tape is covered with a polyurethane elastomer.
  • the waterproof slide fastener is preferably applicable to the attachment object composed of polyurethane base.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of the present invention is excellent in flexibility, abrasion resistance, engaging strength and water-tightness of its tape.
  • the inventors also considered the ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ABS resin in the polymer alloy which constitutes the fastener element in order to improve the function of the waterproof slide fastener.
  • the ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ABS resin (polyurethane resin/ABS resin) in the waterproof slide fastener of the invention is 20/80 to 50/50 in terms of weight ratio, the moldability, strength and stiffness of the fastener element are further improved.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of the invention excels in the traverse pulling resistance and the like, thereby securing high quality. The effects which the present invention exerts are considerably great.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing part of a waterproof slide fastener of the embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is an enlargement plan view showing one of fastener elements possessed by the slide fastener
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1.
  • the waterproof slide fastener 1 of the embodiment comprises fastener stringers 2, a slider (not shown) made of synthetic resin or metal, a top end stop (not shown), and a separable bottom end stop (not shown).
  • a plurality of fastener elements 21 are molded integrally with an engaging interval to each mating fastener element 21 along an element attaching edge portion 11 disposed on a side edge portion of a fastener tape 10 having waterproof property.
  • the slider (not shown) engages and/or disengages right and left fastener elements 21.
  • the entire front and rear faces of a belt shaped core material 12 made of a fiber yarn woven fabric, knitted fabric or unwoven fabric are covered with a waterproof layer 13 made of a polyurethane elastomer. Because the fastener tape 10 is covered with a polyurethane elastomer, waterproof property can be secured and the fastener tape can be easily attached to an attachment object made of polyurethane base or covered with urethane coating by means of high frequency fusion. Further, the fastener tape itself becomes more flexible than a fastener tape covered with, for example, a polyester elastomer, thereby obtaining an excellent bending property. In each element molding portion of the element attaching edge portion 11 of the fastener tape 10, a through hole 14 is formed, which is large enough for raw material resin of the fastener element 21 in a melting state to pass therethrough.
  • the aforementioned fastener element 21 is comprised of a coupling head 22 having an oval circle shape, a substantially hexagonal body portion 24 continuous with the coupling head 22 through a neck portion 23, a wing-like shoulder portions 25 extending on the right and left sides between the neck portion 23 and the body portion 24, and leg portions 27 extending downward while branched to two sections via a crotch portion 26 from the lower end of the body portion 24.
  • the fastener element 21 having such a structure has upper and lower half portions across the element attaching edge portion 11 of the fastener tape 10, and these upper and lower half portions are connected integrally with each other through a connecting portion 28 formed in the through hole 14.
  • Respective half portion 22a, 22b; 23a, 23b; 24a, 24b; 25a, 25b; and 27a, 27b of the coupling head 22, neck portion 23, body portion 24, shoulder portion 25 and leg portions 27 are molded integrally in a symmetrical shape on the front and rear faces of the fastener tape 10 across the tape 10.
  • the respective half portion 23a, 23b; 24a, 24b; 25a, 25b; and 27a, 27b excluding the coupling head 22 are integrated with both the front and rear faces of the fastener tape 10 by fusion.
  • the half portions 22a, 22b of the coupling head 22 molded symmetrically above and below across the fastener tape 10 extend in parallel outward of an end edge 11a with the end edge 11a of the element attaching edge portion 11 of the fastener tape 10 exposed slightly outward.
  • the exposure length L1 of the end edge 11a of the element attaching edge portion 11 extending from the shoulder portion 25 is set to a dimension in which the exposing end face of the end edge 11a makes a pressure contact with the exposing end face of a mating fastener tape 10 when the coupling head 22 engages a mating coupling head 22.
  • the opposing end faces of the fastener tapes 10 make a pressure contact with each other in a coupled state so as to exert waterproof performance.
  • the respective half portions 23a, 23b; 24a, 24b; 25a, 25b; and 27a, 27b of the neck portion 23, the body portion 24, the shoulder portion 25 and the leg portions 27 are fixed firmly to the element attaching edge portion 11 of the fastener tape 10.
  • the thickness of the respective half portions 23a, 23b; and 24a, 24b of the neck portion 23 and the body portion 24 is the largest, and the thickness of the respective half portions 25a, 25b; and 27a, 27b of the shoulder portion 25 and the leg portion 27 is set to approximately 1/3 the thickness of the respective half portions 23a, 23b; and 24a, 24b of the neck portion 23 and the body portion 24.
  • the outside surface of the half portions 22a, 22b of the coupling head 22 is located on an identical plane to the outside surfaces of the respective half portions 23a, 23b; and 24a, 24b of the neck portion 23 and the body portion 24. Due to such a structure, when the fastener elements 21 engage each other, the half portions 25a, 25b of each shoulder portion 25 of the fastener elements 21 adjacent to the right and left sides make contact with an inside face of the half portions 22a, 22b of the coupling head 22 of the fastener element 21 on one side, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the fastener element 21 having the aforementioned structure is formed of a polymer alloy of polyurethane resin and ABS resin.
  • the fastener element 21 made of such a polymer alloy can intensify fixing strength to the fastener tape 10 in which waterproof layer 13 of a polyurethane elastomer has been formed because the polyurethane resin is made complex.
  • ABS resin is also made complex, moldability and stiffness of the fastener element 21 can be improved.
  • the polyurethane resin for use in the polymer alloy is thermoplastic resin, which is different from the polyurethane elastomer of the waterproof layer 13 to be formed in the fastener tape 10, but harder than the elastomer and not stretchable as easily as the elastomer.
  • the fastener element 21 is configured such that the ratio between the polyurethane resin and the ABS resin in the polymer alloy (polyurethane resin/ABS resin) is 20/80 to 50/50 in terms of weight ratio. If the weight ratio of the polyurethane resin is lower than 20%, no sufficient fixing strength to the fastener tape can be obtained, and the fastener element 21 can be cracked easily due to shortage of the strength. As a result, the engaging strength of the slide fastener 1 can drop. On the other hand, if the weight ratio of the ABS resin is lower than 50%, the moldability and stiffness of the fastener element 21 become insufficient, thereby possibly inducing drop of the engaging strength of the slide fastener 1.
  • the slide fastener 1 of the embodiment having the above-described structure can be manufactured according to a conventionally used method. That is, molds having a cavity of a predetermined shape are prepared, and then, the fastener tape 10 covered with a polyurethane elastomer is held by its upper mold and lower mold.
  • polyurethane resin chips and ABS resin chips are mixed together at each predetermined weight and fused.
  • the fused resin material is introduced into the cavities of the molds via a sprue, runner and gate.
  • the fused resin introduced into the cavity passes through the through hole 14 in the fastener tape 10, and consequently, the upper and lower half portions of the fastener element 21 are formed symmetrically on both the front and rear faces of the element attaching edge portion 11 and the upper and lower half portions thereof are connected and molded integrally through the connecting portion 28 formed in the through hole 14.
  • the waterproof slide fastener 1 of this embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is obtained.
  • the fastener tape 10 has an excellent adhesion characteristic to an attachment object such as the one covered with urethane coating and excellent abrasion resistance, and further, the moldability and stiffness of the fastener element are excellent. Further, the fixing strength between the fastener tape and the fastener element is high.
  • the waterproof slide fastener is easy to be molded, and the flexibility, engaging strength and water-tightness of the tape are excellent.
  • the traverse pulling resistance here indicates the magnitude of resistance generated when, with the waterproof slide fastener engaged, right and left fastener tapes are pulled at a constant speed in opposite directions to the right and left.
  • the push-up resistance indicates the magnitude of resistance when, with the waterproof slide fastener engaged, the fastener elements are pushed up in a perpendicular direction to the tape face.
  • the pulling resistance indicates the magnitude of resistance generated when any one of the fastener elements is pulled outwardly in a tape width direction with a fastener tape fixed in the state of a fastener stringer.
  • the sliding resistance indicates the magnitude of resistance generated when any one of the fastener elements is pulled in a tape length direction.
  • Each magnitude of resistance is a value at the time when the engagement of the slide fastener is released and when the fastener element is broken down or dropped off from the fastener tape.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show results of the traverse pulling resistance, push-up resistance, pulling resistance and sliding resistance obtained about the respective waterproof slide fasteners of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example.
  • values of the traverse pulling resistance, push-up resistance, pulling resistance and sliding resistance of a conventional waterproof slide fastener in which fastener elements are molded on a fastener tape covered with Hytrel (registered trademark) by injection molding of polybutylene terephthalate are indicated in each graph of FIGS. 4 to 7.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of Example 1 and the waterproof slide fastener of Example 3 indicate slightly low values in pulling resistance and push-up resistance, respectively.
  • the traverse pulling resistance which is an important factor for the slide fastener indicates a higher value than that of the conventional waterproof slide fastener, thereby indicating that they are waterproof slide fasteners having excellent engaging strength and high quality.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of Example 4 indicated a value substantially equal to that of the conventional waterproof slide fastener in association with the pulling resistance and sliding resistance, it indicated a slightly lower value than those of Examples 1 to 3 as the traverse pulling resistance.
  • the waterproof slide fastener of Comparative Example was inferior to the slide fasteners of Examples 1 to 4 in the traverse pulling resistance and pulling resistance.
  • Examples 1 to 4 indicate high quality waterproof slide fasteners having excellent traverse pulling resistance, pulling resistance and sliding resistance.
  • a method of using, for example, an absorption ratio of infrared absorption spectrum is available for investigating a ratio between polyurethane resin and ABS resin in terms of weight ratio in the aforementioned polymer alloy. This is a measurement method of investigating the ratio by measuring an amount of absorption because the absorption wavelength differs depending on a difference in composition.
  • the present invention is particularly applied to a waterproof slide fastener demanded for an excellent adhesion characteristic to an attachment object of polyurethane base effectively.

Landscapes

  • Slide Fasteners (AREA)
EP07251182A 2006-03-31 2007-03-20 Fermeture à glissière résistant à l'eau Withdrawn EP1839513A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006096958A JP2007267935A (ja) 2006-03-31 2006-03-31 防水性スライドファスナー

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1839513A1 true EP1839513A1 (fr) 2007-10-03

Family

ID=38180680

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07251182A Withdrawn EP1839513A1 (fr) 2006-03-31 2007-03-20 Fermeture à glissière résistant à l'eau

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20070226966A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1839513A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007267935A (fr)
KR (1) KR100816913B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100528030C (fr)
AU (1) AU2007201081B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2581598C (fr)
HK (1) HK1109310A1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI306744B (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4587949B2 (ja) * 2005-12-20 2010-11-24 Ｙｋｋ株式会社 防水性スライドファスナー
CN101966026B (zh) * 2009-07-28 2014-11-05 周朝木 连续匝圈式拉链的防渗结构
CN101779847A (zh) * 2010-03-07 2010-07-21 谢彦博 一种聚氨酯水汽密封拉链及其制备方法
US9295307B2 (en) 2010-08-11 2016-03-29 Ykk Corporation Slide fastener and method for manufacturing the same
CN102599693A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 中山喜玛拉雅塑胶制品有限公司 防水拉链
WO2012176486A1 (fr) 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Ykk株式会社 Fermeture à glissière
WO2013088561A1 (fr) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-20 Ykk株式会社 Élément de fixation et procédé pour sa production, matrice et dispositif de moulage par injection
KR101191432B1 (ko) 2011-12-21 2012-10-16 영 철 강 방수 및 방풍 효과를 갖는 슬라이드 파스너
TW201325495A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-01 Able Invest Ltd 強齒合拉鏈結構及其製造方法
WO2014006684A1 (fr) * 2012-07-02 2014-01-09 Ykk株式会社 Fermeture à glissière résistant à l'eau
TWI549624B (zh) * 2015-10-22 2016-09-21 冠宇拉鍊股份有限公司 防水拉鍊的製造方法
TWI581732B (zh) * 2016-07-20 2017-05-11 冠宇拉鍊股份有限公司 雙層防水拉鍊
TWI619445B (zh) * 2017-08-07 2018-04-01 冠宇拉鍊股份有限公司 防水拉鍊布及其防水拉鍊
US11673344B2 (en) * 2018-05-28 2023-06-13 Hui'an Huicheng Hand-bags Co., Ltd. Welded thermoplastic hybrid cooler and method of manufacturing same
JP7355947B2 (ja) 2020-10-22 2023-10-03 Ykk株式会社 防水性ファスナーストリンガー及びその製造方法
TWI773295B (zh) * 2021-05-03 2022-08-01 台灣聯合戶外用品股份有限公司 具有發光裝置的拉鍊及具有該拉鍊的容器
USD1003104S1 (en) 2021-07-21 2023-10-31 Evolution Outdoor LLC Tackle bag
USD1003684S1 (en) 2021-07-21 2023-11-07 Evolution Outdoor, Llc Handle
USD1011741S1 (en) 2021-07-21 2024-01-23 Evolution Outdoor, Llc Tackle bag

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DE4212209A1 (de) * 1992-04-10 1993-10-14 Reinhard Meier Regendichte Bekleidung
EP1629740A1 (fr) * 1998-09-25 2006-03-01 Hoder, Harold Fermeture à glissière étanche à l'eau et son procédé de fabrication

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4212209A1 (de) * 1992-04-10 1993-10-14 Reinhard Meier Regendichte Bekleidung
EP1629740A1 (fr) * 1998-09-25 2006-03-01 Hoder, Harold Fermeture à glissière étanche à l'eau et son procédé de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2581598C (fr) 2009-09-29
TWI306744B (en) 2009-03-01
CN100528030C (zh) 2009-08-19
CA2581598A1 (fr) 2007-09-30
KR100816913B1 (ko) 2008-03-25
HK1109310A1 (en) 2008-06-06
JP2007267935A (ja) 2007-10-18
CN101044926A (zh) 2007-10-03
AU2007201081B2 (en) 2009-09-03
KR20070098692A (ko) 2007-10-05
TW200744493A (en) 2007-12-16
AU2007201081A1 (en) 2007-10-18
US20070226966A1 (en) 2007-10-04

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