EP1838995B1 - Verfahren zur erhitzung eines industrieofens und vorrichtung zur ausführung dieses verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur erhitzung eines industrieofens und vorrichtung zur ausführung dieses verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1838995B1
EP1838995B1 EP06701188A EP06701188A EP1838995B1 EP 1838995 B1 EP1838995 B1 EP 1838995B1 EP 06701188 A EP06701188 A EP 06701188A EP 06701188 A EP06701188 A EP 06701188A EP 1838995 B1 EP1838995 B1 EP 1838995B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
reactant
volumetric flow
burner
course
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP06701188A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1838995A1 (de
Inventor
Horst KÖDER
Burkhard Müller
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Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP1838995A1 publication Critical patent/EP1838995A1/de
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Publication of EP1838995B1 publication Critical patent/EP1838995B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/05003—Non-continuous fluid fuel supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for heating an industrial furnace by pulsating combustion, in which gaseous or liquid reactants, comprising an oxidizing agent and fuel, are fed to a burner, the volumetric flow of at least one of the reactants which emerges from the burner mouth being changed over the course of time.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for heating an industrial furnace by pulsating combustion, having a burner, which includes feed lines for streams of gaseous or liquid reactants leading to a burner mouth, and having a device for varying the volumetric flow of at least one of the reactants over the course of time.
  • both the oxygen and the fuel may contain small quantities of nitrogen. These small quantities of nitrogen, in combination with the combustion using oxygen being hotter than combustion using air, at around 900°C, lead to an increased level of NOx in the off-gas.
  • DE 692 16 317 T2 which has disclosed a method and an apparatus of the generic type described in the introduction, to cyclically vary either the quantitative flows of the fuel or those of the oxidizing agent using a solenoid valve which is arranged in the respective feed line, at a frequency of below 3 Hz.
  • a solenoid valve which is arranged in the respective feed line, at a frequency of below 3 Hz.
  • SU 857 642 proposes that the gas stream be periodically interrupted with the aid of a rotor.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a method which allows a simple and flexible change to the flow during pulsating combustion.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a low-maintenance apparatus of simple design which is suitable for carrying out the method.
  • the volumetric flow of at least one of the reactants involved in the combustion reaction - i.e. the fuel gas or the oxidizing agent - is varied over the course of time by causing at least one membrane to deflect.
  • the membrane is arranged in a membrane space which is fluid-connected to the feed of the respective reactant to the burner and is therefore accessible to the reactant.
  • the membrane space allows the membrane arranged in it to be deflected as far as possible without obstacle.
  • the membrane space and the membrane arranged in it are also referred to below as a "membrane module".
  • the membrane In the membrane space, the membrane is deflected by electrical actuation in the presence of the reactant in question, and in this way the electrical power is converted into changes in volume - associated with changes in pressure - in the membrane space, as is generally known for loudspeakers.
  • the changes in volume of the membrane space are determined by frequency, amplitude and profile of the change in the volumetric flow of the reactant at the burner mouth over the course of time. Therefore, the method, by virtue of the electrically excited deflection of the membrane, allows the flow of the reactant to be changed without this requiring any moving or rotating components, apart from the membrane.
  • the membrane itself is subject to very little wear, and consequently a long service life and long maintenance intervals can be achieved.
  • the change in the volumetric flow of the reactant(s), in addition to the on and off states may also encompass any desired intermediate values for the maximum amplitude or a predetermined volumetric flow profile over the course of time, such as for example a square-wave, sawtooth, sinusoidal or trapezoidal profile.
  • Equipping the supply lines for both the fuel and the oxidizing agent with membrane modules of this type also makes it readily possible to vary the volumetric flow of both reactants, for example independently of one another over the course of time or as a function of one another over the course of time, for example in-phase, in opposite phase or in phase-shifted fashion.
  • the method allows a preset time profile, for example a square-wave profile, to be accurately maintained without significant dead times or slippages.
  • the change in the volume of the gas stream of the relevant reactant or reactants over the course of time can be set and controlled in a particularly simple way by means of the control unit.
  • Predetermined deflection cycles can be passed through under programme control and are easy to adapt of necessary.
  • the restricting device prevents or reduces a back-flow of the reactant. This measure ensures that the changes in volume produced in the membrane space act in the direction of the burner mouth and not, or to a lesser extent, "towards the rear" in the direction of the source of the reactant in question. This effect of the restricting device becomes more effective the closer to the membrane space it occurs.
  • Valves, flaps, throttles or diaphragms can be used as the restricting device.
  • moving mechanical components should as far as possible be avoided, and consequently it is preferable for the restricting device to be designed as a throttle or diaphragm.
  • the throttle or diaphragm is in this case installed in the feed line, as close as possible to the entry to the membrane space. This results in a pressure drop in the direction of the membrane space, which prevents a back-flow of the reactant and promotes an effective change in the volume in the direction of the burner mouth. This measure converts the change in the volume of the membrane space into a change in the flow or velocity of the reactant at the burner mouth without attenuation and in a simple, rapid and particularly effective way without the need for moving parts.
  • the method allows a constant volumetric flow of the reactant upstream of the restricting device.
  • a minimum level for the volumetric flow of the reactant, which the volumetric flow does not drop below at any time even when the volumetric flow is changing, is predetermined.
  • a base load is predetermined as a partial quantity of the total volumetric flow of the corresponding reactant, and the volumetric flow does not drop below this partial quantity at any time even during a change in the volumetric flow. In the simplest case, this is achieved by a bypass parallel to the membrane space.
  • the membrane spaces of the two burners it has proven particularly advantageous for the membrane spaces of the two burners to be arranged adjacent to one another and to be separated from one another by a common membrane.
  • the membrane spaces of the two burners share one membrane, the volumetric flows of the reactant can be changed in opposite phase without the need for a separate control device.
  • the membrane divides the membrane spaces on both sides, so that even in the event of a defect in the membrane, there is no leakage into the environment, but rather it is only the pulsating combustion which is disrupted. This improves the operational reliability of the apparatus.
  • the volumetric flow of the oxidizing agent it is preferable for the volumetric flow of the oxidizing agent to be kept constant.
  • the apparatus comprises a membrane, which can be deflected and is mounted such that it can oscillate, and an electrical actuation, which can be used to mechanically deflect the membrane.
  • the change in the volumetric flow of at least one of the reactants involved in the combustion reaction - i.e. the fuel gas and/or the oxidizing agent - is brought about by means of the membrane deflection.
  • the membrane and the excitation means are correspondingly made to match the designs which are standard in loudspeaker construction. In this respect, reference is made to the explanations given above in connection with the method.
  • the apparatus by electrically exciting the membrane, allows virtually any desired, predetermined change in the volumetric flow of the reactant over the course of time without requiring any moving parts, apart from the membrane.
  • the membrane itself is subject to very little wear, and consequently a long service life and long apparatus maintenance intervals can be achieved.
  • the change in the volumetric flow of the reactant(s) may also include any desired intermediate values between zero and the maximum amplitude or a predetermined volumetric flow profile over the course of time, such as for example a square-wave, sawtooth, sinusoidal or trapezoidal volumetric flow profile. It is also possible for the volumetric flows of fuel and oxidizing agent to be varied independently of one another by equipping the supply lines for both fuel and oxidizing agent with membrane modules of this type; by way of example, these volumetric flows can be varied in-phase, in opposite phase or in phase-shifted fashion.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically depicts a glass melting tank 1 with a plurality of structurally identical natural gas/oxygen burners 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, which are mounted in pairs offset with respect to one another, pointing into the furnace space 18, on the opposite side walls 2 of the tank 1.
  • the burners 3, 3a, 3b, 3c are simple tube-in-tube burners with an inner tube 4 for supplying fuel, which is coaxially surrounded by an outer tube 6, forming an annular gap 5 for oxygen to pass through.
  • the reactants which emerge from the burner mouth 7 react with one another to form a burner flame 8.
  • the feed connection pieces for natural gas and oxygen are denoted by reference numerals 9 and 10.
  • membrane modules 11 and 12 are arranged between the burner and the feed lines 9 for natural gas and 10 for oxygen, respectively.
  • membrane modules in each case comprise a membrane space 13, in which two electrodynamic loudspeakers each having a membrane 14 are mounted opposite one another.
  • the membranes 14 each comprise a gastight, stretchable material and deflections are imparted to them in phase by means of an electromagnet 15. That side of the membrane 14 which is remote from the membrane space 13 is located in the open atmosphere.
  • the parameters for the change in volume inside the membrane space 13, such as frequency, amplitude or phase shift between the two reactants of the same burner 3 or another of the burners 3a, 3b, 3c are predetermined by one control module 16 for both membrane modules 11 and 12.
  • a diaphragm 17 is fitted in the feed line 9, 10 immediately upstream of the respective membrane space 13.
  • Each of the burners 3, 3a, 3b, 3c is designed for heating power of 200 kW.
  • 20 m 3 /h of natural gas (CH 4 ) and 40 m 3 /h of oxygen are fed in.
  • the change in the volumetric flow of the natural gas emerging at the burner mouth 7 by means of the membrane module 11 is effected by deflections being imposed on the membrane 14 by means of the control module 16, which deflections cause a volumetric flow which changes over the course of time with a frequency of, for example, 1 Hz.
  • the time profile of the volumetric change produced in this way has a precise square-wave profile.
  • the changes in volume cause changes in through-flow, which continue via the membrane space 13 into the inner tube 4 as far as the burner mouth 7 and as a result cause a variable flow velocity of the natural gas at the burner mouth 7.
  • the size and displacement of the membrane 14 and the volume of the membrane space 13 are designed in such a way that the natural-gas volumetric flow of 40 m 3 /h can be completely switched on and off at a frequency of 1 Hz, so that a mean volumetric flow of 20 m 3 /h (s.t.p.) results.
  • the diaphragm 17 prevents the natural gas from flowing back into the natural-gas feed line 9 and in this way ensures that the change in volume generated by the membrane 14 acts entirely as a change in the volumetric flow of natural gas at the burner mouth 7.
  • the profile of the deliberately altered volumetric flow of natural gas over the course of time ideally has a square-wave profile, as is diagrammatically depicted in Figure 2a ).
  • the membrane modules 11 of a pair of burners in each case operate in opposite phase.
  • the pressure profile at the burner 3 (and at the burner 3a) is in opposite phase to the pressure profile at the burner 3c (and at the burner 3b).
  • pulsating combustion of this type reduces the NOx emission level by 30%, without any adverse effect on the radiation properties of the flame.
  • Figures 2 to 5 diagrammatically depict further suitable procedures for pulsating combustion.
  • Figure 2 shows a square-wave (a), sawtooth (b), sinusoidal (c), trapezoidal (d) and a freely selectable or random (e) change in volumetric flow. All the through-flows illustrated are in the positive range, i.e. the volumetric flow which results is at all times higher than a predetermined minimum base load.
  • Figure 4a shows a suitable volumetric flow profile over the course of time for the situation in which both the natural-gas flow and the oxygen flow are varied.
  • the change 41 in the volumetric flow of the oxygen has double the frequency and amplitude of the change 42 in volumetric flow of the natural gas.
  • Figure 4b diagrammatically depicts a method variant in which the oxygen flow is kept constant over the course of time.
  • the control unit 16 can also easily be used to generate changes in volumetric flow which do not have a fixed, recurring period.
  • the embodiment of a membrane module 60 which is illustrated in Figure 6 is suitable in particular for operation with opposite-phase supply of a reactant to two separate burners (not shown in the drawing).
  • the two burners in this case divide the membrane module 60.
  • the membrane 61 divides the two membrane spaces 62 and 63, which are of equal size.
  • the electromagnet 64 is provided in the membrane space 62.
  • the gas inlet and gas outlet of the membrane space 62 for one burner are indicated by connection pieces 65, and the gas inlet and gas outlet of the membrane space 63 for the other burner are denoted by connection pieces 66.
  • the two maximum deflections of the membrane 61 into the respective membrane spaces 62 and 63 are represented by dashed lines 67.
  • the reduction in volume caused by the deflection into one membrane space 62 produces an increase in volume of the same magnitude and at the same time in the other membrane space 63. This therefore ensures that the volumetric flows for the natural gas to the two burners alter precisely in opposite phase.
  • the deflection in the membrane is associated with an increase and reduction in the volume of the membrane space.
  • the changes in volume effect mass transfer without producing a soundwave.
  • the method according to the invention is not restricted to this particular application. It is also possible, using a moving membrane, to generate pressure waves - without mass transfer - which allow pulsating combustion. In this case, the deflection direction of the membrane corresponds to the main direction of propagation of the burner flame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Verfahren zum Erhitzen eines Industrieofens durch pulsierende Verbrennung, in der gasförmige oder flüssige Reaktanden, die ein Oxidationsmittel und einen Brennstoff aufweisen, einem Brenner (3) zugeführt werden, wobei der Volumenfluss wenigstens eines der Reaktanden, der von der Brennermündung (7) ausgeht, im Laufe der Zeit geändert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Änderung des Volumenflusses des Reaktanden im Laufe der Zeit durch elektrische Betätigung erzeugt wird, die wenigstens einer Membran (14) in einem Membranraum (13), der auf der Einlassseite der Brennermündung (7) verbunden ist und für den Reaktanden zugänglich ist, Durchbiegungen erteilt, wobei die Durchbiegungen Änderungen des Volumens des Membranraums veranlassen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Betätigung mittels eines Elektromagneten (15) dadurch ausgeführt wird, dass der Letztere auf die Membran (14) oder auf einen mit der Membran (14) verbundenen ferromagnetischen Körper wirkt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Betätigung der Membran (14) eine Steuereinheit (16) aufweist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rückfluss des Reaktanden aus dem Membranraum (13) mittels einer in der Reaktandenzufuhr vorgesehenen Begrenzungsvorrichtung (17) vermieden oder verringert wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Begrenzungsvorrichtung (17) als eine Drosselklappe oder als eine Federplatte ausgelegt ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Volumenfluss des Reaktanden auf der Einlassseite der Begrenzungsvorrichtung (17) konstant ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Minimalpegel für den Volumenfluss des Reaktanden, unter den der Volumenfluss zu keiner gegebenen Zeit fällt, selbst wenn sich der Volumenfluss ändert, vorgegeben wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens zwei Brenner (3, 3a, 3b, 3c) zum Erhitzen des Industrieofens (1) vorgesehen sind, wobei der Volumenfluss des Reaktanden zu einem Brenner (3, 3b) in der entgegengesetzten Phase zu dem Volumenfluss des Reaktanden zu dem anderen Brenner (3a, 3c) geändert wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Membranräume (13) beider Brenner (3; 3a; 3b; 3c) aneinander angrenzend angeordnet sind und durch eine gemeinsame Membran voneinander getrennt sind.
  10. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Volumenfluss des Brennstoffs an der Brennermündung (7) geändert wird.
  11. Vorrichtung zum Ausführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 mit einem Brenner (3), der Zuleitungen (9, 10) für Ströme gasförmiger oder flüssiger Reaktanden umfasst, die zu einer Brennermündung (7) führen, und mit einer Vorrichtung zum Ändern des Volumenflusses wenigstens eines der Reaktanden im Laufe der Zeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zum Ändern des Volumenflusses im Laufe der Zeit wenigstens eine Membran (14) aufweist, die in einem Membranraum (13) angeordnet ist, der auf der Einlassseite des Brenners (3) verbunden ist und für den Reaktanden zugänglich ist und der mittels einer elektrischen Betätigung Durchbiegungen auferlegt werden können, wobei die Durchbiegungen eine Änderung des Volumens des Membranraums (13) veranlassen.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Betätigung einen Elektromagneten (15) aufweist, der auf die Membran (14) oder auf einen mit der Membran (14) verbundenen ferromagnetischen Körper wirkt.
  13. Verfahren nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuleitung (9, 10) für den Reaktanden, die zu dem Membranraum (13) führt, mit einer Begrenzungsvorrichtung (17) versehen ist, um einen Rückfluss des Reaktanden zu vermeiden oder zu verringern.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Begrenzungsvorrichtung (17) als eine Drosselklappe oder als eine Federplatte ausgelegt ist.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens zwei Brenner (3, 3a, 3b, 3c) zum Erhitzen des Industrieofens (1) vorgesehen sind, wobei es möglich ist, dass der Volumenfluss des Reaktanden zu einem Brenner (3, 3b) in der entgegengesetzten Phase zu dem Volumenfluss des Reaktanden zu dem anderen Brenner (3a, 3c) geändert wird.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Membranräume (13) der zwei Brenner (3; 3a; 3b; 3c) angrenzend aneinander angeordnet sind und durch eine gemeinsame Membran (61) voneinander getrennt sind.
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Membranraum (13) in der Zuleitung (9, 10) vorgesehen ist, um den Reaktanden dem Brenner (3) zuzuführen.
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Membranraum (13) in der Zuleitung (9) für den Brennstoff vorgesehen ist.
EP06701188A 2005-01-13 2006-01-06 Verfahren zur erhitzung eines industrieofens und vorrichtung zur ausführung dieses verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP1838995B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005001807A DE102005001807A1 (de) 2005-01-13 2005-01-13 Verfahren zum Erhitzen eines Industrieofens und dafür geeignete Vorrichtung
PCT/EP2006/000072 WO2006074877A1 (en) 2005-01-13 2006-01-06 Method for heating an industrial furnace, and apparatus suitable for carrying out the method

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EP1838995A1 EP1838995A1 (de) 2007-10-03
EP1838995B1 true EP1838995B1 (de) 2008-11-19

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Country Link
US (1) US20080292999A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1838995B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2008527303A (de)
AT (1) ATE414872T1 (de)
DE (2) DE102005001807A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006074877A1 (de)

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BRPI0822010A2 (pt) * 2008-01-18 2019-11-12 Adolfo Hartschuh Schaub Ernesto sistema aperfeiçoado de combustão
JP5451455B2 (ja) * 2010-03-01 2014-03-26 大陽日酸株式会社 バーナの燃焼方法
JP5357108B2 (ja) 2010-06-29 2013-12-04 大陽日酸株式会社 バーナの燃焼方法
JP5485193B2 (ja) 2011-01-26 2014-05-07 大陽日酸株式会社 バーナの燃焼方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006074877A1 (en) 2006-07-20
DE102005001807A1 (de) 2006-07-20
JP2008527303A (ja) 2008-07-24
EP1838995A1 (de) 2007-10-03
DE602006003725D1 (de) 2009-01-02
US20080292999A1 (en) 2008-11-27
ATE414872T1 (de) 2008-12-15

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