Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/80—Constructional details
  • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
  • H10K50/852—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
  • H10K59/90—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one organic light-emitting element
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
  • H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
  • H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
  • H10K2102/3031—Two-side emission, e.g. transparent OLEDs [TOLED]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
  • H10K2102/351—Thickness
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent

Definitions

• the invention relates to an organic electroluminescent diode capable of emitting light by two opposite faces, comprising:
• an organic electroluminescent layer capable of emitting light deposited on this substrate, interposed between a lower electrode and an upper electrode, each electrode being transparent or semi-transparent.
• diode upward and downward transmission Such diodes may be of conventional structure, in which case the upper electrode is a cathode, or so-called reverse structure, in which case the upper electrode is an anode.
• the invention also relates to the networks of these diodes, including those included in the lighting or display panels, including video images.
• US6762436 discloses a diode and a panel of this type.
• EP1076368, EP1439589 and EP1443572 describe diodes emitting by a single face, where is added a dielectric layer to the lower transparent electrode or the upper transparent electrode (see Figure 4d in EP1439589); this dielectric layer (referenced 22, made of ZnS material: 20% SiO) has a function of reducing the absorption of the light emitted through the transparent or semi-transparent electrode to which it is attached.
• this dielectric absorption reduction layer is adapted as indicated below to the metal layer of the electrode to which it is attached, index and thickness to improve the extraction of light. issued.
• An object of the invention is to improve the light output of organic diodes emitting by two opposite faces.
• a dielectric layer is added to each of the electrodes and each stack of an electrode is fitted with its dielectric layer so as not to obtain a minimum of absorption, but a maximum of reflectivity, while maintaining sufficiently transparent electrodes to limit absorption losses. Thanks to this high reflectivity, one can benefit from an optical cavity effect without absorption losses between the two electrodes, while they are nevertheless transparent or semi-transparent. Note that the US6124024 document, if it disclaims a number of conditions concerning the thickness of the layers, does not teach the maximum reflectivity combined with the intrinsic transparency of the electrodes.
• the subject of the invention is an organic electroluminescent diode capable of emitting light by two opposite faces, comprising:
• the upper dielectric layer thus covers the upper electrode opposite the electroluminescent layer; it can therefore be used as an interface with air or other ambient medium, in which case it also preferably serves as an encapsulation layer and protection against the risks of degradation of the organic layer by oxygen or steam. water from the air.
• the dielectric layers, both bottom and top, are not diffusing layers as in EP 1406474, but transparent layers preferably having an intrinsic transmittance greater than or equal to 85% for the emitted light.
• the material of the lower dielectric layer and that of the layer higher dielectric have an index greater than 1.6.
• the lower electrode comprises a lower conductive layer which is in contact with the lower dielectric layer and the upper electrode comprises an upper conductive layer which is in contact with the upper dielectric layer.
• the material and the thickness d of said upper dielectric layer, and the material and the thickness d of said upper conductive layer are adapted so that the reflectivity of said emitted light evaluated on this stack of layers is approximately maximum.
• the material and the thickness d of said lower dielectric layer are identical to each other.
• the reflectivity of the stack of layers involves an interferential effect between these layers, however intrinsically transparent or semi-transparent, this interference effect being adapted to obtain a high reflectivity. Thanks to the transparency, there is therefore little loss by absorption, thanks to this high reflectivity obtained by interference, optimizes the optical cavity between the electrodes and improves the extraction of light.
• a dielectric layer thickness (d and / or d) corresponding to a maximum of this curve is chosen.
• the intrinsic transmittance of said light emitted from said lower conductive layer is greater than or equal to 85%, which corresponds, for an ITO layer, to a limiting thickness of 150 nm;
• the intrinsic transmittance of said light emitted from said upper conductive layer is greater than or equal to 85%, which corresponds, for an ITO layer, to a limiting thickness of 150 nm.
• Intrinsic transmittance means the transmittance evaluated independently of interference effects, the layer itself or neighboring layers.
• the organic electroluminescent diode according to the invention comprises: an electroluminescent organic layer capable of emitting light, interposed between a transparent or semi-transparent lower electrode and a transparent or semi-transparent upper electrode,
• a dielectric layer placed in contact with each electrode opposite the organic electroluminescent layer, which is adapted to obtain, in combination with said electrode, the maximum reflectivity of said emitted light.
• the material of the upper conductive layer is identical to the material of the lower conductive layer.
• said organic electroluminescent layer comprises an organic emissive sub-layer and at least one non-emissive upper organic sub-layer which is interposed between the upper electrode and said emissive sub-layer, and the thickness of the non-emissive upper organic sub-layer (s) is / are adapted so that the distance z sup approximately separating the medium, in the thickness, from said organic sublayer emissive from said electrode superior approximately satisfies the relation:
• n 4 is the average index of the organic electroluminescent layer at this wavelength
• I sup is the phase shift of a ray of light emitted, after reflection by the upper electrode.
• the organic electroluminescent layer preferably comprises an organic emissive sub-layer and at least one non-emissive lower organic sub-layer which is interposed between the lower electrode and said emissive sub-layer, and the thickness of the non-emissive lower organic sub-layer (s) is / are adapted so that the distance z inf approximately separating the medium, in the thickness, from said organic sub-layer emissive from said lower electrode approximately satisfies the relationship:
• ⁇ is said wavelength close to a maximum of emittance of light emitted
• n 4 is the average index of the organic electroluminescent layer at this wavelength
• the non-emissive lower organic sublayer (s) are adapted for the injection and / or transport of carriers of a first kind and the non-emissive organic sublayer (s) are adapted for injection and / or the transport of carriers of a second kind; carrier types correspond to electron and hole.
• the material of said upper dielectric layer is identical to the material of said lower dielectric layer.
• the thickness d 4 of said organic electroluminescent layer is adapted to obtain constructive interference of the light emitted between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. These constructive interferences advantageously favor the extraction of the light emitted through the two electrodes, which improves the luminous efficiency of the diode.
• the invention also relates to an image display panel or lighting comprising a plurality of diodes according to the invention, characterized in that these diodes are supported by the same substrate.
• said plurality forms a two-dimensional array of diodes whose diagonal is less than 40 cm. As the size of the panel is reduced, good uniformity of display is obtained over the entire width and height of this panel.
• said upper electrode is common to the plurality of said diodes.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic section of the assembly of a diode according to one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 describes the evolution of the light reflectivity in the stack of each electrode with its dielectric layer according to the embodiment of FIG. 1, as a function of the thickness (nm) of this dielectric layer;
• a substrate 7 for example a transparent glass plate or a transparent or semi-transparent active matrix comprising control circuits for the diodes.
• US2004-1555846 discloses an example of a transparent active matrix of the prior art.
• This transparent or semi-transparent substrate is provided with a transparent or semi-transparent electrode or network of lower electrodes intended to serve as cathodes, each electrode being connected, where appropriate, to an output of a circuit of substrate control.
• a dielectric layer 6 is deposited in zinc selenide (ZnSe) whose thickness d is
• the reflectivity of the stack of these layers is evaluated at a wavelength of 550 nm corresponding approximately to a maximum of emittance of the organic electroluminescent layer which will be deposited to form the diode.
• organic electroluminescent layer 4 formed of the following stack:
• Zinc selenide has an index of 2.6, well above 1.6.
• organic electroluminescent diodes according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the conductive upper layer 3 and the dielectric upper layer 2 preferably cover all the diodes; the upper electrode is therefore common to all the diodes and the manufacture is facilitated.
• the space between the lower electrode and the the upper electrode of the diode (s) (s) then forms an optical cavity and provides a technical effect likely to improve the extraction of the emitted light, provided that certain geometric criteria are respected; these criteria will now be specified.
• the thickness of the infeed and / or hole transport sub-layer 12 is approximately chosen so that the distance z inf is approximately equal to: ⁇ ( q - * "
• This equation reflects constructive interferences between the light emitted and the light reflected on the lower electrode.
• the thickness of the injection and / or electron transport sub-layer 15 is chosen approximately so that the distance z sup is approximately equal to:
• the thickness of the cesium-doped BPhen underlayer 12 for the injection and transport of the electrons 70 nm (z inf) -10 nm (thickness of the underlayer 13) - 10 nm
• the present invention also applies to a diode or organic electroluminescent panel where the injection of the charges is by doped organic layers; it is obvious to those skilled in the art that it can be applied to other types of diodes, lighting panels or display without departing from the scope of the claims below.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-21 JP JP2007547528A patent/JP5762667B2/ja active Active
  • 2005-12-21 KR KR1020077013817A patent/KR101321956B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-12-21 CN CNB2005800435445A patent/CN100533810C/zh active Active
  • 2005-12-21 WO PCT/EP2005/057064 patent/WO2006067200A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2005-12-21 EP EP05823775A patent/EP1836737A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2005-12-21 US US11/793,581 patent/US20080084159A1/en not_active Abandoned

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