EP1835969A1

EP1835969A1 - Mobile smoke control and fire protection device

Info

Publication number: EP1835969A1
Application number: EP06701793A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Reick
Original assignee: Reick Michael
Current assignee: Reick Michael
Priority date: 2005-01-11
Filing date: 2006-01-09
Publication date: 2007-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 2026-01-09
Also published as: PL1835969T3; EP1835969B1; DE202005007137U1; WO2006074885A1; US7810576B2; US20080041598A1; ES2564574T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile smoke control and fire protection device in buildings. Said device comprises a sealing unit that can be applied to, or inside, an opening of a wall, a ceiling or a floor, is adapted to the opening in terms of the shape and size thereof, and is provided with at least one passage for people and/or at least one passage for tools, firefighting equipment, and the like. The passage for people and/or the passage for equipment can be least partially covered.

Description

Mobile smoke and fire protection device

<s

The invention relates to a mobile smoke and fire protection device in buildings and a method for preventing smoke and fire propagation in structures.

In a fire, the fire brigade generally uses the staircase as a route of attack. The door, in particular an apartment door, behind which the fire is located, is opened by the fire department. After entering the burning room, the entrance door must remain open a gap at least due to the hose of the fire department. The same applies if more people enter or leave the scene. In this case, the door has to be opened even further. The opening of a door, behind which the fire is located and also the at least partially forced keeping open the door leads in most cases to a smoke spread and thus to a danger for people by the fire smoke and to an increase of the fire damage. Even in cases where the fire is not directly behind the entrance or. Apartment door is, but in another room of the apartment, is caused by the open door, behind which the fire is, by their open at extinguishing an increase in damage by a smoke spread to the entire apartment and from there also into the stairwell. The increase in damage is even greater when a door had to be opened violently, as this can then no longer be closed safely. The same applies of course also lent for offices, practices and other use units in a building.

Alternative methods of attack, for example via a window in the fire area, are on the one hand complex, sometimes more problematic or more. more dangerous for the emergency services and also not generally feasible.

Although one already tries to minimize the smoke problem by so-called overpressure ventilation by means of powerful fans. These are intended to generate a relative overpressure and force an airflow, which reduces further smoke entry into a stairwell. In practice, however, shows that this positive pressure ventilation can not always be carried out successfully. In larger buildings and also in public buildings are often structural requirements to prevent the spread of smoke and fire legally required, such as fire doors, but if you have to go through the fire doors and, for example, equipment and extinguishing hoses must be performed, their operation become obsolete, since in this case the fire protection or. Smoke protection door often can not be closed.

In order to avoid the spread of smoke when a door can not be closed, it is already known from DE 296 08 290 Ul to produce an air curtain to secure a passage, with air in the passage from top to bottom in a sufficient strength should flow to prevent the passage of smoke or fire. However, such a device has only limited effect and must be mounted stationary on all relevant doors. In addition, the air supply may adversely affect the propagation of the fire and due to the air flow generated, it may lead to an increase in the volume of flue gas due to turbulence.

DE 298 05 216 U1 discloses a smoke protection door which is permanently installed in a building, the door leaf or the door frame being provided at the bottom with a demand passage for a fire hose or the like.

The disadvantage of this fire door j edoch that this must be present in a building in a correspondingly high number. In addition to a visually unsightly design of the need passage in the manner of access opening for small animals, such as cats, a weak point in the event of burglary and weakens the mechanical stability of a door leaf.

The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a mobile smoke and fire protection device with which the fire department in a fire can close openings in a building effectively, safely and quickly, but the openings j edoch if necessary, an access for people who combat the fire, and / or allow the implementation of fire fighting equipment without significant passage of smoke.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the device features mentioned in claim 1. In claim 26, a method for preventing smoke and fire propagation is described.

With the smoke and fire protection device according to the invention, in particular an uncontrolled expansion of smoke can be prevented. Doors, especially apartment doors, which are arranged to a staircase or staircase, open in general to the inside. This means that the protective device according to the invention can be fitted in front of the door to be opened in the opening, for example in the door frame, whereby a "smoke seal" is at least in the upper region of the opening. Only then the front door is opened, which can be approached by the passage opening and / or the passage opening in the sealing unit, which is adapted in shape and size to the opening in the building, the fire or. Equipment, firefighting equipment, such as a fire hose, can be brought to the fire site. Subsequently, the passage opening and / or the passage opening can again be largely closed.

As far as a door hits exceptionally contrary to the direction of attack of the emergency forces, the protective device according to the invention can be used immediately after opening the door. In this case, which is rare, the smoke spread can be checked again shortly after installation.

As smoke spreads upward, one will provide the passage opening and / or the passage opening in the lower portion of the sealing unit. In this way, the surrounding rooms, especially a staircase or Staircase remain smoke-free or if smoke has already penetrated, faster be used.

Another advantage is that the rescue squad can be available for the attack team used immediately before the burning room behind the protective device according to the invention. In this way, longer distances are avoided and faster firefighting is possible.

Another advantage is that an attack party is already after leaving the fire after the protection device according to the invention in a largely secure area.

In an embodiment according to the invention, the sealing unit may be at least partially provided with a flexible material. In this way, it is possible without great effort to adapt the sealing unit to different openings.

As a flexible material one will use in an advantageous embodiment, a fabric or a film which is resistant to high temperatures and resistant to the effects of flame.

To adapt to different openings, the sealing unit may be at least partially variable in their dimensions. One way of doing this is by means of expandable cavernous bodies, which are attached to the circumference of the sealing unit and which can be inflatable, for example. W 2

Alternatively, the sealing unit may also be provided with a clamping or clamping frame, which is advantageously provided with adjustable frame members. As adjustable frame members, for example, telescopic frame members may be provided, which adapt both in height and in width, the sealing unit to the opening to be closed.

In a very advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided that the sealing unit is formed of two- or multi-part sealing elements. In this way, the sealing unit can be adjusted even more optimal. So you can, for example, in the upper part of the sealing provided with a clamping frame and achieve a secure seal, while at the bottom of a sealing element is provided which is flexible and is provided for a through hole and / or passage opening or formed accordingly. For this purpose, for example, the lower sealing element may be formed as a kind of curtain.

By forming the tenter in the direction of ^■ the lower area - extendable, an even better seal is achieved. Thus, for example, in this way, the passage opening or the passage opening can be correspondingly reduced when not in use or even completely closed.

Another very great advantage of the invention is that the protective device after completion of the use, d. H . after extinguishing the fire, may remain in the opening, being provided with sealing elements, such as for example, adhesive or adhesive tape. In this case, an at least largely smoke-tight closure can be achieved. If then there is a possibility that smoke and odor can be removed, for example through a window, then the protective device according to the invention can remain for several days and it is avoided that burning odor spreads throughout the house or can not be eliminated.

With the protective device according to the invention can be in addition to considerable health damage and prevent very large property damage. Not only in multi-storey housing, even in modern buildings with an ever larger contiguous airspace, is given in this way a simple way of limiting the smoke by the fire department in a fire. Especially in modern buildings with multi-storey foyers or atria, the overpressure ventilation works very poorly due to the usually high leakage rate of the large airspace and on the other hand occur here by smoke spread in a large area enormous damage from smoke.

If one or more exhaust vents are created in the room affected by a fire, smoke will be prevented from spreading to non-fire areas.

The protective device according to the invention physically uses the thermals which arise during a fire in a room, the so-called "chimney effect". In the case of an exhaust air opening in the upper area of the room, which as a rule are formed by windows, the supply air opening in the lower area can be adjusted in a controlled manner by means of the protective device according to the invention. This results in a flow of air from the area that is to be kept smoke-free (usually the stairwell) in the area affected by the fire and an outflow of smoke from the exhaust air opening in the upper part of the fire area. The protective device according to the invention can therefore prevent smoke without overpressure fans due to this physical principle. If the protective device according to the invention is supplemented by the use of overpressure fans, the effect of the forced air flow can be increased by better controlling the air flow in the building.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge from the remaining subclaims and from the exemplary embodiments described in principle below with reference to the drawing.

It shows :

Fig. 1 shows a schematically simple plan view of a building opening with the smoke and fire protection device according to the invention when installed in a wall plane;

Fig. FIG. 2 shows a schematically simplified view of a building opening with the smoke and fire protection device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 ;

Fig. 3 shows a schematically simplified plan of a building opening with a smoke and fire protection device according to the invention when mounted in front of a wall plane; Fig. 4 shows a schematically simplified view of a building opening with the smoke and fire protection device according to the invention according to FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 shows a schematically simplified view of a building opening with a smoke and fire protection device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a curtain closed at the side (perspective view of the curtain);

6 shows a schematically simplified section through a building opening with the smoke and fire protection device according to the invention according to FIG. 5;

Fig. 7 shows a schematically simplified view of a building opening with a smoke and fire protection device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a zipper;

Fig. 8 shows a schematically simplified section through a building opening with the smoke and fire protection device according to the invention according to FIG. 7;

9 shows a schematically simplified view of a building opening with a smoke and fire protection device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a clamping frame in the upper region, which can optionally be pulled downwards;

Fig. FIG. 10 shows a schematically simplified view of the embodiment variant according to FIG. 9 with a tensioning frame pulled out downwards; FIG. Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment variant with tension rods, and

Fig. FIG. 12 shows an application possibility with two smoke and fire protection devices inserted one above the other into a door opening, in each case in an embodiment variant according to FIG. 11.

Fig. 1 shows a schematically simplified plan view of a building opening 11 with a smoke and fire protection device 13 according to the invention, which is referred to below as "protection device" for simplicity, when mounted in a wall plane 10. The protection device 13 is provided with a sealing unit to be explained in more detail below , If a door leaf 12 strikes in the direction of attack of the preceding emergency forces, the protective device 13 in the wall level 10 (primarily within the door frame) can already be mounted before opening the door. Often, this accessible area is about as wide as the wall thickness in which the door is built. In this case, the smoke trap can easily be clamped in the accessible area of the door frame.

FIG. 2 shows a schematically simplified view after installation of the protective device 13 according to FIG. 1 in the wall level 10. For better orientation, a lower and upper ceiling 14 is exemplified.

Fig. 3 shows a schematically simplified ground plan of a building opening 11 of a protective device 13 when mounted in front of the wall plane 10. This installation variant may be advantageous in the case of a very narrow wall. Furthermore, this built-in apply regularly when a door 12 hits against the direction of the preceding emergency forces. In this case, it is only necessary to attach the protective device 13 in any manner to the wall 10 in a substantially dense manner. This can be done, for example by shotgun apparatus for quick attachment by slats.

Of course, the protection device 13 can not only be introduced into door openings, but also in ceilings or floors which have corresponding openings.

Fig. 4 shows a schematically simplified view after installation of the protective device 13 according to FIG. 3 in front of the wall level 10.

FIGS. 5 to 12 show various embodiments of the protective device 13, which can be adapted to different opening shapes and sizes by means of adjustable sealing units. For this purpose, the protective device 13 is clamped or clamped in accordance with the opening.

Figures 5 to 8 show sealing units 16 made of flexible material, which are circumferentially provided with a swelling body 15. The cavernous body 15 may be designed in the manner of a Schlaubootes, consist of several air chambers with valves and filled via a compressed air cylinder. This results in a completely tight fit to the existing opening. The sealing unit 16 can be laterally provided with also flexible side parts 17, for example in a triangular shape. The lower edge of the Sealing unit 16 can be fixed to the lower swelling body 15, for example via a hook-and-loop fastener 19.

When releasing the hook and loop fastener 19, the sealing unit 16 can be folded forward, resulting in a passage opening 18 in the lower area for persons or a passage opening for equipment for fire fighting. When not in use, the sealing unit 16 can be sealed again with the two side parts 17. The sealing unit 16 may optionally also be connected via the flexible side parts 17 fixedly connected to the side sill bodies 15.

The mounting of the protection device 13 in or in front of a building opening 11 can also be done mechanically, for example by attachment with nails, screws or the like. Likewise, a magnetic attachment, for example with a strip magnet, which is arranged on the sealing unit 16, possible if a metallic door frame is present.

Alternatively, it is also possible to provide an adhesive connection to the walls surrounding the opening or to a door frame.

If the protective device according to the invention has found input in firefighting and, for example, each or almost every fire brigade is equipped with it, further relief can be achieved if, during the planning and erection of a building in doors, in particular in fire doors, a circumferential groove or recesses, holes, fasteners and the like in the Door frame or the door frame or in a wall part next to the door are provided. In case of fire, this groove can then serve to receive guide parts of the sealing unit 16 for anchoring it to the door frame.

It is also possible that in a building all doors are prepared accordingly and then in case of fire, a protective device according to the invention is held on site. With appropriate preparation on the doors, the protective device can be mounted quickly in case of fire and thus the resistance of each door against a spread of fire or smoke can be increased. This procedure is advantageous especially for large buildings, such. B. Administrative buildings, hospitals, etc. and also whenever in an operation with its own fire department (so-called company fire brigade), which fits existing in the fire department invention protection device with the preparations to the individual doors.

In Figures 7 and 8 show a variant embodiment, wherein the ^'sealing unit 16 can be closed with a zipper 20th In order to provide a passage opening or passage opening, it is only necessary in this case to open the zipper, which in general will then be made in two parts, correspondingly partially, preferably in the lower region. In this embodiment, the protection device 13 will be located generally within the wall plane 10, as shown in FIG. 8 can be seen.

Instead of a circumferential swelling body 15 which is filled with air or reaction foam, of course also an adaptation via pneumatic or hydraulic means (in particular cylinder) take place. The same applies to mechanical adjustment members, as will be described below with reference to FIGS 9 to 12. In this embodiment, the sealing unit 16 is provided with a clamping and clamping frame 21, the adjustable frame members 22 has. The adjustable frame members 22 may be, for example square aluminum profiles, which are formed as a hollow body.

In this way, the frame members 22 can be made non-rotatably slidable into one another and telescopically pulled apart as needed, whereby an adaptation to the opening to be closed is achieved in a simple manner. For this purpose, for example, two laterally extending in the vertical direction frame members and at least two extending in the horizontal direction frame members may be provided which form a frame accordingly. When bending resistant execution of the corner joints, the two vertical frame members may optionally also be connected only by a horizontal frame member.

When there is a third horizontal frame member, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the top portion formed by the frame 21 can be extended downwardly as the two side vertical frame members 22 telescope downward accordingly.

In Fig. 9 is an inserted position of the adjustable clamping and clamping frame 21 and in FIG. 10 shows a downwardly extended position. As can be seen In this way, a high stability for the protection device 13 is created.

As further seen in Figures 9 and 10, the sealing unit 16 is formed in two parts. While in the upper region a flexible material is stretched between the adjustable frame members 22, the flexible material below the tensioning and clamping frame 21 hangs down as a kind of curtain 16a and thus closes the lower region of the opening. With lateral sealing strips, for example adhesive tapes, laterally projecting parts of the curtain 16a can be fastened to a door frame 23 for sealing.

If the flexible material, for example a fabric or a film, is not sufficiently elastic in the region of the clamping and clamping frame 21 to allow adjustments to large openings, the fabric or the film can be correspondingly laterally and, as in the lower area be formed larger up and down and survive over the clamping and clamping frame 21 accordingly. By not shown clamping members can then be clamped to the opening to be closed, the tissue or the film according to the frame members 22 so that there is a tensioned tissue between the frame members 22 after extending and adjusting the frame members. The fixing of the flexible material can also be done in a very simple way by the clamping between the clamping and clamping frame 16 and the door frame 23. Alternatively, the fabric or the film can also be firmly connected to the adjustable frame members 22 on the two vertical longitudinal sides. At different door widths in practice, the tissue needs or the film can then be installed according to overlapping or folded. For the purpose of better cleaning, the tissue in the sense of solid compound certainly not insoluble, but z. B. fastened by means of a Velcro connection to the frame members 22.

The adjustable frame members 22 can be fixed to each other by clamping screws and longitudinal slots after their adjustment in their positions.

To compensate for tolerances, the frame members 22 may be provided on the outside for better sealing to the door frame 23 with sealing members, such as elastic sealing lips.

For a passage for persons one will see the protection device 13 in the in FIG. 9 position shown with inserted clamping and clamping frame 21. If only extinguishing hoses have to be pushed through or are pushed through, the lower third or even less is sufficient as a passage opening, as shown in FIG. 10 is shown with an extended clamping and clamping frame 21. If only about 2/3 of the opening is completed in this way with the curtain 16a, even in an emergency even firefighters can leave the fire or enter through this passage opening formed therewith.

Alternatively, it is also possible to form the clamping and clamping frame 21 in such a way that it covers the entire opening with the frame members 22 and thus extends over the entire height. In this case, a complete seal can be achieved if, for example, it is provided that in the lower part of a hose feedthrough is provided or even a connection element 24 (shown in phantom in FIG. 10) is provided for a hose connection. In this embodiment, it is also possible to provide stable materials as a sealing unit between the frame parts 21.

With a sufficiently stable design of the frame members 22 and the material for the sealing unit 16, a fan 25 (see dashed line in FIG. 9) can also be integrated into the protective device 13.

The protection device 13 may also be provided with a coolant if necessary or connected to a cooling circuit (not shown). In this case, for example, the frame members 22 may be appropriately filled with coolant. The same also applies to the swelling body 15. The sealing unit 16 may for example be formed of a two-sided fabric with a cavity between, is arranged in the coolant or flows through the coolant. In a training with a cooling circuit corresponding connections for a supply of cooled coolant and a derivative are provided for this purpose. Alternatively, cooling is possible by flowing down from above the protection device water.

It is also advantageous if the sealing unit 16 is a translucent material which, if possible, is still easy to clean. As can be seen, the protection device 13 can be used quickly and without damage to a door frame, so that subsequent damage can be avoided.

According to the invention, there is also the possibility that a closure element or. a sealing unit covers the opening to be closed only partially, so that only through the use of multiple devices, the entire door opening is closed. One possibility for this will be described below with reference to FIG. 12 described in principle.

The sealing unit 16 according to the invention may, as mentioned, be constructed in one or more parts. You can z. B. consist of two or three units. This means that in a first step, a partial closure of an opening in the upper area can be carried out and then the second, or possibly also a third, unit can completely seal off the opening. It is also possible with z. B. with two or three such sealing units one behind the other doors completely or at least in each case in the upper regions to seal, in this way an even better smoke seal apartment, z. B. to reach the generally accessible corridor or stairwell areas.

FIG. 11 shows a simple embodiment variant with two lateral frame members 22 and an upper frame member 22c, which consists of two elements which, viewed in cross-section, have a rectangular shape and are displaceable into one another by corresponding differences in size such that they can be adjusted in width are. To adapt to the j eweilige opening width, z. B. a door, serves a horizontally adjustable Frame member 22, which consists of two tie rods 22a and 22b. In this case, a tension rod can be provided with detents, wherein a rough adaptation to the opening is achieved in the manner of a ratchet system. About a tension lock 27 between the two tie rods 22 a and 22 b, the z. B. is threaded, then made a fine adjustment. Alternatively, the entire tension lock 27 after the first adaptation to the existing opening width can be spread by the ratchet system by turning the rod 27. If in this case the clamping lock is designed in the manner of a turnbuckle, with two opposing threads, a tight clamping is achieved with a few rotational movements.

Of course, for tightening or clamping the two clamping rods 22a and 22b in the opening and other fasteners possible. It is advantageous, however, if this is provided on each case a quick release closure. Against unintentional opening can also backup members, such. B. Locking pins are provided in one or both tie rods and / or in the ratchet system.

To compensate for tolerances or misalignments, the two lateral ends of the clamping brackets 22a and 22b may also be provided with articulated connecting members 28, by which the two clamping rods 22a and 22b are pressed against the side frame members 22 and thus a Ver ^¬ voltage of the clamping and clamping frame 21 is achieved on the door frame. The sealing unit 16 may in the lower region, for. B. at the bottom with weighting elements, z. B. an iron or lead strip 29 (see dashed line in FIG. 11). This embodiment is particularly advantageous if one uses a lightweight, flexible, high-temperature-resistant fabric for the sealing unit 16. By the weighting elements 29 a good unhooking of the sealing unit and thus a secure seal is achieved.

FIG. 12 shows, in principle, an application possibility with two smoke and fire protection devices 13 inserted one above the other in a door opening, in each case in a variant embodiment, as shown in FIG. Of course, however, other embodiments are also possible for common use in a door opening.

The advantage of using two devices in a door opening is u. a. in that it achieves even greater security and stability. So z. B. In a first step, the door opening is closed with only one device according to FIG. 11, wherein the textile sealing unit 16 relatively loosens the door opening below the frame members and thus easy access to the source of the fire is possible. During or after completion of the deletion work, the door opening can then be better sealed by a second protection device 13, which is arranged under the first protection device arranged in the upper region. If an alternative route of attack (eg via a window) is available to the fire brigade, the installation of a second or even third protection device can completely open the door. Close, so that almost a perfect seal is achieved.

As flexible sealing the most diverse materials are conceivable. As a very suitable for the intended purpose sealing unit, a fabric with glass or metal fibers has been found that is resistant to temperatures up to 600 ⁰ C.

The procedure or the installation of the mobile smoke and fire protection device 13, as z. B. is shown in the figure 11, is described below in principle:

1. In a first step, the device, which has a flexible sealing unit, unfolded.

2. The frame 21 with its adjustable frame members is created in the upper part of the door frame, z. B. at the upper right corner.

3. By pulling the two telescoping tension rods 22a and 22b of the horizontally extending frame member 22, the device is brought to the desired door side, at the same time the upper frame member 22c is moved apart accordingly.

4. A coarse adjustment is made by the ratchet-like pulling apart of the two tie rods 22a and 22b in conjunction with the notches. It is advantageous in this case if the ratchet system is designed such that it automatically locks in the separation times and for the collapsing z. B. the active release of a ratchet lever is required.

5. While holding the device with one hand, the other hand is the Verspannverschluss 27 accordingly rotated in the direction of clamping, whereby a fine adjustment and thus secure clamping is achieved.

6. By pressing a fuse, not shown, for. B. a safety pin, the two clamping rods 22a and 22b can be additionally secured in case of need.

Due to the flexibility of the sealing unit 16 is a passage for persons in the application, z. B. in only slightly bent posture, possible. Due to the rigidity of the special fabric and the incorporated weighting elements, z. As the lead strip 29, on the one hand diffuse smoke propagation is prevented and on the other hand, if necessary. even a mechanical ventilation with fans possible.

To remove the device, it is only necessary to turn the clamp in the direction "solve" and - if necessary. after opening a locking pin or a locking lever - the two clamping rods 22a and 22b together with the frame member 22c can be pushed together again. After a possible space-saving consolidation of the device, for. B. by winding the sealing unit 16, the device is then ready for a next application.

Since the protective device comes into regular contact with smoke, a good and easy cleaning is important. The flexible fabric should therefore be able to be separated from the metal frame and cleaned separately.

Claims

claims

1. Mobile smoke and fire protection device in buildings with an attachable in or on an opening of a wall, a ceiling or a floor sealing unit (16) which is adapted in shape and size to the opening and with at least one passage opening (16 a, 18 ) is provided for persons and / or with at least one passage opening (16a, 18) for equipment, firefighting equipment and the like, wherein the passage opening and / or the passage opening is at least partially coverable.

2. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim

1, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) is at least partially provided with a flexible material.

3 .. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the flexible material comprises a fabric or a film which is resistant to high temperatures and to flame exposure.

4. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that the fabric is at least partially provided with glass or metal fibers.

5. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the tissue is provided in the lower region with weighting elements (29), in particular iron or lead elements.

6. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sealing unit in its outer dimensions (16) is at least partially variable.

7. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) on the circumference for adaptation to the

Opening with expandable cavernous bodies (15) is provided.

8. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cavernous bodies (15) are inflatable.

9. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 8, ^{'characterized} in that the inflatable cavernosa (15) comprise a plurality of chambers.

10. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 6, d a d e r c h e c e n e c e s in that the sealing unit (16) is provided with a clamping or clamping frame (21).

11. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that the frame (21) is provided with adjustable frame members (22).

12. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim

11, that is, that the adjustable frame members (22) are telescopically formed.

13. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 12, characterized in that the telescopic frame members (22) with tie rods

(22a, 22b) are provided, which are mutually braced.

14. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) is provided in the lower region with a passage opening (18) and / or passage opening.

15. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 14, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e s in that the sealing unit (16) is formed from two- or multi-part sealing elements.

16. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 15, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) is provided in the upper area with a clamping frame (21) and is flexible at least in the lower area.

17. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to ^' claim 16, characterized in that the clamping frame (21) in the direction of the lower region extendable, foldable or foldable is formed.

18. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that at least in the lower area a high-temperature resistant and flame-resistant curtain (16a) is provided, which forms the passage opening and / or passage opening.

19. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) via sealing elements (19), such as adhesives or adhesive strips, at least substantially smoke-tight with the wall, ceiling or floor is connectable.

20. The mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing unit (16) is provided with fastening elements by means of which it can be fastened to the wall, ceiling or floor next to the opening.

21. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) is provided with circumferentially mounted fastening means or guides in point or line-shaped counter-elements, such as recesses, holes, grooves or the like of a door frame or a wall part can be used next to the door.

22. The mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing unit is provided with magnetic frame parts.

23. The mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing unit (16) is designed to form at least one of

Passage opening and / or passage opening with a A closure element, such as zipper or Velcro closure (20) is provided.

24. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 23, d a d e r c h e c e n e c e s in that the sealing unit (16) is provided in the lower area with a passage opening for a hose leadthrough.

25. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 24, d a d e r c h e c e n e c e s in that the sealing unit (16) has a connection element (24) for a hose in the lower area.

26. The mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing unit (16) is provided at least partially with cooling means or with a coolant circuit.

27. The mobile smoke and fire protection device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing unit (16) is provided with a fan (25).

28. Mobile smoke and fire protection device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the sealing unit (16) is provided in the lower area with lateral sealing elements (17) and is designed to be hinged to form a passage opening and / or passage opening.

29. A method for preventing smoke and fire propagation in buildings with a sealing unit (16) which is in or on an opening of a wall, a ceiling, or a floor or adapted, wherein the sealing unit (16) with at least one through hole (16a, 18) is provided for persons and / or with at least one passage opening (16a, 18) for fire fighting equipment, wherein the sealing unit

(16) is fitted in the opening at least in the upper opening region or partially largely sealing.

30. Method according to claim 29, wherein the sealing unit (16) is fitted into a door frame (23) with expandable swelling bodies (25) arranged on the circumference of the sealing unit (16).

31. Method according to claim 29, wherein a sealing unit (16) with a frame (21) into one of them

Door frame (23) is clamped.

32. The method of claim ^"31, characterized in that telescopic tie rods (22a, 22b) of the frame (21) after unfolding, taking off or expand the sealing unit are clamped in the door frame (23) (16).