EP1828551A1

EP1828551A1 - Cams for constructed camshafts

Info

Publication number: EP1828551A1
Application number: EP05808227A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Manfred Muster
Original assignee: ThyssenKrupp Automotive AG
Current assignee: Thyssenkrupp Dynamic Components Teccenter AG
Priority date: 2004-12-24
Filing date: 2005-11-25
Publication date: 2007-09-05
Also published as: DE102004062518A1; US20080276888A1; WO2006072289A1; DE102004062518B4

Abstract

The invention relates to cams for constructed camshafts, said cams formed from at least one profiled sheet metal strip (2) produced by rolling and having a thickness which varies in the longitudinal direction thereof and two end regions (2a). Said profiled sheet metal strip (2) is bent or deformed to form the cam blank (1) in such a way that the end regions (2a) thereof join and are welded together, or the end regions (2a) thereof are welded to the end regions (2b) of at least one other bent or deformed metal strip (2). The cam blank (1) has a recess (A) for receiving a carrying shaft (11), said recess (A) having an inner contour region which is essentially circular or partially circular. The aim of the invention is to create one such cam in such a way that it requires as little raw material as possible, the usable width of the running surface is as large as possible, and it can be connected to the carrying shaft in an especially simple and cost-effective manner by a non-positive and/or positive joining method. To this end, a feeder bevel (8) is formed on the inner contour region.

Description

Cam for built camshafts

description

The invention relates to cams for built camshafts, preferably for use in internal combustion engines. The invention also relates to metal strips for producing such cams and to a method for producing these cams. Furthermore, the invention relates to camshafts manufactured using these cams. -

Finally, the invention also relates to cam discs / eccentric discs as well as built using these cams / eccentric discs built cam discs / eccentric shafts.

Built camshafts are known from the prior art. In this case, cams are sintered as individual parts (DE 37 17 190 C2), forged (DE 41 21 951 C1) or bent from sheet metal strips, which are then welded (WO 01/98020 A1). The cams are then pushed onto a shaft, connected to the shaft and thus installed to camshafts.

The mounting of the cams on the support shaft takes place in different ways. In DE 37 17 190 C2 and DE 41 21 951 C1, the support shaft at the axial positions at which the cams are to be attached, widened by rolling and then the cams on the pipe to the intended axial position, the expanded area corresponds, pushed. This creates a positive and / or frictional connection between the support shaft and cam. In WO 01 / 98020A1, the cams are connected by welding technology to the support shaft.

However, the prior art has a number of disadvantages. The production of cams by sintering is complicated and expensive. In addition, such cams can not be used for very high Hertz surface pressures, such as occur in modern role taps in internal combustion engines. The sintered cams are also highly susceptible to cracking, so that elaborate quality controls are required.

The forged cams also have a number of disadvantages. First, the production is expensive and expensive. During the multi-stage forging operation, the inner recess of the cam must be punched out so that the punched-out slug is produced as waste. Further, the cams can be forged only with radii on the front sides, so that the actually available as tread width is smaller than the cam width, or a lot of cam material on the circumference or the end faces of the cams must be removed. The width which can not be used for the cam track depends greatly on the cam contour, the material used and other parameters and is in a value range of about 1 mm to about 1.5 mm.

The use of bent metal strips presented in WO01 / 98020A1 also has a number of disadvantages. The welding connection of the cam with the support shaft is complex and expensive. In particular, the desired mounting of already hardened cams by welding entails the risk of microcracks in the joint. In addition, readily processable materials without post-treatment are usually less suitable as sliding partners for cam followers. Moreover, it is disadvantageous if required for the production of welded joints welding flanges must be provided on the cam, because this means additional material and manufacturing costs. The joining of the cams presented in WO01 / 98020 by means of force and / or positive locking is hardly possible because of the insufficient wrap angle of the contact between the cam recess, the joining contour of the cam and the support shaft. Furthermore, the solution presented in WO 01/98020 offers the considerable disadvantage that the stiffness in the cam tip, due to the cavity remaining after the joining operation, is reduced too much for use in internal combustion engines.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a cam according to the preamble of claim 1, which requires as little as possible raw material use, in which the usable width of the tread is as large as possible and in particular simple and inexpensive by a non-positive and / or positive joining method can be connected to the support shaft. It is also an object of the invention to provide a simple and inexpensive method for producing such cams.

The object of the invention is also to provide a profiled sheet metal strip available, which is particularly well suited for the production of the cam according to the invention. In addition, the invention has for its object to provide a camshaft in which the rigidity of conventional built camshafts with forged or sintered cams are at least almost achieved.

With regard to the cam, the object is achieved by a cam according to the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the cam according to the invention are given in the dependent claims 2 to 14. With regard to the method, this object is achieved by a method according to claim 20. Advantageous developments of the method are described in the subclaims 21 to 25.

With regard to the profile sheet metal strip, the object is achieved by a profile sheet metal strip according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments of the profiled sheet metal strip are specified in the subclaims 16 to 19. In relation to the camshaft, the object is achieved by a camshaft having the features of claim 26 and the subclaim 27th

According to the invention, the cam is formed from one or more preferably elongate profiled sheet strips, wherein each circumferential section of the cam contour of the cam is assigned exactly one profiled sheet metal strip or sectional sheet metal strip section and the strip or strips are produced by rolling technology and by bending or forming the strips and welding the strip ends a cam is formed. By welding the bent or formed strips, a cam blank is created, which can then optionally be subjected to a pressure calibration. However, the additional step of pressure calibration will not be required in practice in all cases.

The cam according to the invention has at the circular or circular-section-shaped inner contour region of the recess on a circumferential inlet chamfer, whereby it is achieved that the cam can be pushed well on the support shaft without tilting. The entry chamfer facilitates the threading of the cam onto the support shaft. Another advantage of the inlet chamfer is that the cam can be better positively and / or non-positively connected to the support shaft. For positive and / or non-positive connection of the cam with the support shaft diameter expansions are generated by local material displacement by rolling or knurling on the support shaft at certain axial positions. The cams are then pushed over these sections of the support shaft with the enlarged diameter, forming a positive and / or non-positive connection between the cam and the support shaft. The run-in bevel is of particular importance because it ensures that there is no shearing of the support shaft material in the widened region when the cam is pushed onto the support shaft section with the diameter widening. In this way, an undesirable chip formation, which would lead to significant problems in practice in the cam assembly, effectively prevented. According to the invention, the entry chamfer is introduced by rolling into the profile strip or strips. This is possible at low cost and it is unnecessary to additional forming or machining process for producing the inlet chamfer.

If the cam blank produced by the weld joining of the bent or formed profiled sheet metal strip must be subjected to a pressure calibration to achieve its final shape, it may be provided according to the invention that the inlet chamfer is formed on the belt section of the cam blank during this pressure calibration step. It is possible that the run-in chamfer is completely formed during the pressure-calibrating step. Likewise, however, it is also possible to deform the later belt portion forming strip areas during rolling by a certain amount in the context of the production of rolled profiled sheet metal strips, wherein the final shape of the later inlet chamfer is not yet reached. If the cam blank obtained after bending or forming the profiled sheet strips and the welding is then subjected to a pressure calibration, the final shape of the inlet chamfer can be formed during the pressure calibration step.

If the cam blank is formed from a single profiled sheet metal strip, then this profiled sheet metal strip has a point which corresponds to the location of the maximum cam lobe of the later cam blank. According to the invention, the profiled sheet metal strip is symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to a transverse axis extending through this location of the maximum cam elevation. In this way, the joining location, at which the end portions of the profiled sheet metal strip are welded together, can be arranged at any point along the circumference of the cam blank.

The inner wall of the recess A of the cam blank forms a joining contour for the non-positive and / or positive connection of the cam with the support shaft. In order to improve this non-positive and / or positive connection and to increase the connection strength, it is provided according to the invention to provide the inner wall of the recess A with an engraving. This engraving can be formed, for example, by teeth extending in the axial direction of the cam blank. These teeth engage behind the support shaft material when pushing the cams on a locally widened by means of rolling or knurling support shaft, thereby forming this, so that a positive connection is formed.

The inlet chamfer can be formed in the invention as an outwardly conically widening portion of the inner contour of the recess A. Already in this embodiment of the intake chamfer, it is achieved that the local diameter expansions are not sheared off, so that chip formation is prevented.

An improvement of the non-positive and / or positive connection between cam and support shaft is achieved when the outwardly flared portion is divided into two conically widening in the axial direction juxtaposed subsections, wherein the outer portion has a larger cone angle than the inner Section. As a result, the chip formation during insertion of the cam is avoided with particularly great certainty and at the same time ensures that a particularly good and stable non-positive and / or positive connection is formed by the adjoining the region of large cone diameter area with a smaller cone diameter. At the same time, the load that acts when pushed onto the cam is kept low.

As an alternative to the conically widened sections, the entry chamfer can also be formed by a radius provided on the inner contour of the recess or a parabolic section widening outward. In order to achieve a good stability of the connection between the cam and the support shaft, it is provided according to the invention that the circular or kreisabschnitt- shaped inner contour region of the recess extends over a peripheral region with a circumferential angle of at least 300 °. This ensures a high mechanical strength of the non-positive and / or positive connection between the cam and the support shaft.

With regard to the profile strip or strips required for the production of cams according to the invention, the invention is achieved in that an edge region of the profiled sheet metal strip is deformed by rolling such that this deformation forms after bending or deformation of the profile sheet strip for Nockenrohteil the inlet chamfer of this Nockenrohteils. Such a rolling technical introduction of the inlet chamfer already in the stage of the rolling technical processing of the profiled sheet metal strip enables a production-technically cost-effective introduction of the inlet chamfers. The continuous continuous production of the leading chamfer already on the profiled sheet metal strip (and not only on the bent cam blank) is thus particularly favorable in terms of manufacturing technology.

When manufacturing the profiled sheet metal strip by rolling, care must be taken that each longitudinal section of the profiled sheet strip is assigned to a specific circumferential section of the cam raw part and that the course of thickness in the longitudinal sections of the profiled sheet strip already essentially corresponds to the course of thickness in the corresponding peripheral sections of the cam blank.

Since a transverse contraction of the material occurs during the bending or deformation of the rolled profile sheet strip to the cam blank, it is inventively provided to counteract this transverse contraction by a targeted geometric shaping of the rolled profile sheet strip. This is intended to compensate for and prevent unwanted material feed as a result of transverse contraction during bending or deformation. According to the invention, this is seen that the two edge regions of the profiled sheet metal strip are deformed by rolling such that they have respect to a vertical to the joining contour protruding areas. These protruding areas contain additional material for the compensation of the contraction of the material occurring during the bending or deformation of the profiled sheet strip to the cam base, wherein after the deformation, the two edge regions of the profile strip are aligned as accurately as possible perpendicular to the joining contour. By this provided on the edges of the profile sheet strip additional material thus undesirable material feed, which would have an undesirable Nockenrohteilgeometrie result, effectively prevented.

As already shown above with respect to the cam raw part, it is advantageous for improving the non-positive and / or positive connection between the cam and support shaft when the recess of the cam raw part has an engraving, so that this engraving can positively connect to the support shaft. According to the invention, it is provided that this engraving can already be produced in the corresponding length section of the profiled sheet metal strip during the rolling process of the profiled sheet metal strip. This is inventively achieved in that the longitudinal section of the profiled sheet metal strip, which corresponds to the subsequent joining contour of the bent or deformed Nockenrohteils having an engraving which is introduced by rolling technology in the profile sheet metal strip. This engraving can be designed as a toothing extending transversely to the rolling direction.

With regard to the method, the object underlying the invention is achieved by a method for producing a cam for built camshafts, comprising the following method steps:

1. producing at least one profile sheet strip having predetermined thickness profiles with two end regions by means of rollers, wherein a subsequent insertion into a longitudinal edge of the profile sheet metal strip Lauffase a Nockenrohteils forming edge deformation is at least partially rolled.

2. Bending or reshaping the profiled sheet strip so that its end portions abut each other and are welded together, or that its end portions abut each other and welded to the end portions of at least one further bent or deformed sheet metal strip.

In order in particular to bring the recess of the cam blank into the desired shape and to achieve the desired dimensions, it may be provided according to the invention to subject the cam blank to a pressure calibration step. In this case, if the partly rolled edge deformation does not yet have the final shape of the later inlet chamfer, this final shape of the inlet chamfer can be generated in the context of the pressure calibration step, as part of the technical production of the profiled sheet metal strip.

With regard to the already mentioned above, provided at the edge regions of the profile sheet strip Zusatzmaterialbereiche for the compensation of the bending or deformation of the profile sheet strip to Nockenrohteil occurring transverse contraction of the material, it is inventively provided that these additional material areas are generated by the rolling of the profiled sheet metal strip. Another in the rolling process of the profile sheet strip to be integrated step is that in the length portion of the profile sheet strip, which corresponds to the later joining contour of the bent or deformed cam blank, an engraving is rolled. This engraving may e.g. be formed in the form of a transverse to the rolling direction extending toothing.

Particularly cost-effective is the production of rolled profiled sheet metal strips when they are produced by endless rolls as sections of a coiling endless belt. To ensure the coiler capacity of this endless belt provide, it is provided according to the invention that the profiled sheet metal strips are interconnected by portions of lesser sheet thickness. These portions of lesser sheet thickness form connecting portions that can be particularly easily deform when reeling the endless belt because of the lower material thickness. It is understood that such a continuous rolling brings particularly low unit costs based on the profile sheet metal strip with it.

The invention also relates to assembled camshafts which have been manufactured using the cams according to the invention. The support shafts of these built-in camshafts according to the invention have sections of expanded diameter at the axial positions where the cams are to be fastened. The cams are pushed with the inlet bevel ahead of the support shaft and then pushed over the respective section with the expanded diameter, so that forms a positive and / or positive connection between the cam and the support shaft. By the chamfer while unwanted chip formation is prevented by shearing of support shaft material in the area of the expanded diameter. The diametral widenings on the support shaft can be achieved by material displacement techniques, e.g. Rolling or knurling to be made.

Ideally, the thickness of the respective profile sheet strip after the bending or forming operation corresponds at least approximately to a peripheral region with a circumferential angle of at least 300 ° of the belt thickness of the cam. A particularly high mechanical strength of the non-positive and / or positive connection between cam and support shaft is achieved when the circumferential angle, in the region of the thickness of the respective profile sheet strip after the bending or forming operation of the belt thickness of the cam at least approximately corresponds, over an angular range extending from 360 °.

In other words, the shape of the development of the cam, which has the blank contour, corresponds approximately to the shape of the one or more adjacent the laid, the cam forming profiled sheet metal strip. In this case, in order to achieve the desired cam shape after the bending or forming process and the welding of profiled sheet metal strips, appropriate distortions and material merging held so that ultimately the desired blank contour of the cam is formed. The forming operations can be carried out at room temperature as well as at elevated temperature as needed.

For the application of the cam in camshafts for internal combustion engines, the profiled sheet metal strip is usually made of a high-grade steel, preferably made of 100Cr6 or 16MnCr5.

Following the bending or forming operation and the welding process, any resulting weld beads are removed either by scraping, peeling or broaching - preferably before joining onto the support shaft - or during the production of the finished contour of the cam. Thereafter, if necessary, the cam is formed to the desired blank contour in a pressure calibration process performed at room temperature or elevated temperature. Subsequently, the cam is hardened if necessary and tempered if necessary. The cam thus formed is, if necessary, annealed between the individual operations. Furthermore, the cam contour is brought to the finished contour by mechanical processing, for example grinding and / or high-speed milling, before or after assembly onto the shaft. However, it is also contemplated to design the preforms and processes, such as the pressure calibration process, so that post-processing to achieve the finished contour of the cam can be eliminated.

The cam thus formed is preferably joined by means of force and / or positive connection to the support shaft. In this case, the support shaft, which can also be designed as a pipe to save weight, widened at predetermined axial positions, for example by rolling ren and then pushed the cam on the support shaft and set in the expanded area. Particularly advantageous is the expansion by means of material displacement, as can be achieved by rolling, in particular by rolling or knurling. The beads may be aligned in the transverse direction, in the longitudinal direction or at a different angle or even crosswise.

To achieve the particularly preferred positive and positive fit, the recess of the cam is provided with an engraving, the joining contour of the cam, for example, a toothing in the longitudinal direction, and the expansion of the support shaft by rolling in the transverse direction.

In a development of the invention, the desired joining contour of the cam, for example the engraving or toothing, is introduced into the cam during a pressure calibration in which further functional surfaces can also be formed or improved in their precision.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the engraving can be rolled already during the rolling process of the profile strips on the later serving as the joining contour of the cam surface. It is also provided to generate a preform for the joining contour during the rolling process, which is formed during the pressure-calibrating process in the finished shape of the joining contour.

An important aspect in the production of built camshafts is to avoid chip formation during the joining process. Subsequent measures to remove chips are expensive, expensive and usually do not guarantee the avoidance of chips to 100%. In the force and form closure described above without run-in bevel, the engraving of the joining contour intersects in the rolling of the support shaft, which inevitably leads to chip formation. In mass production in particular, it is not possible to control how the respective tips of the joining contour and curling intersect and when which peaks are sheared off. For this purpose, in an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, an entry chamfer, in particular an insertion cone, which can have different contours in longitudinal section, is introduced into the cam. An entry chamfer is located on the side of the cam which, when pushed onto the tube, points in the direction of the expanded tube areas. In a particularly preferred application, the desired chamfers are introduced directly into the profile strip during the rolling process. If necessary, during pressure calibration, if this is provided, the intake chamfer is formed or recalibrated into the joining contour.

Such run-in chamfers cause the beads of the curling to form into the engraving of the joining contour and not shear off. In addition, the stress build-up in the cam during the joining process is optimized so that the tendency to microcracks is significantly reduced.

However, chamfers are also required for other joining methods for joining the cams on the support shaft. Thus, already alone for threading the tube into the cam opening a bevel makes sense, if not necessary. For all joining processes in which the cam is pushed over a widened area, suitable entry chamfers ensure a uniform and gentle joining operation, in which cracks in the cam can be prevented.

Infeed chamfers, which are open as a cone with a cone angle in the range of 5-10 °, and whose largest diameter is slightly larger than the largest diameter of the widened rolling beads or engraving, are considered to be particularly advantageous. For certain applications, it may be advantageous if the inlet chamfer is formed with a plurality of consecutively arranged cones or cone sections with different cone angles. Here are two consecutive cone sections with a first angle α ₂ between 5 and 10 ° and a second angle cti between 0.5 and 4 ° proven, wherein during assembly of the cone with the larger angle, the pipe expansion overflows first. Similarly, instead of cone-like openings differently widened openings, for example, with radius (radius r) or parabolic-shaped widening may be advantageous.

In the formation of the opening, however, care should be taken that the width of the actual force and / or form-fitting surface is not too small, so that the connection is still strong enough.

The person skilled in the art immediately realizes that the bending or forming process of the profiled sheet metal strip is not an easy process to control. It is known that thin sheets can be bent best and with increasing sheet thickness, the quality of the Umformergebnisses is lower. This means that, especially in the case of cam contours with large maximum cam elevations and the required high rigidity, the degree of deformation, the bending forces, the risk of cracking and the deformations transverse to the bending direction greatly increase. For this purpose, the profile strip according to the invention is formed before the bending process with a special thickness profile. The aim is to bring on the one hand the strip thickness reached after the bending process on the widest possible areas of the circumference on the belt thickness of the cam, and on the other hand at the same time to limit the bending deformation as possible to areas with a small strip thickness. For this purpose, in the design of the profile of the profile strip is divided into sections with larger thicknesses and at the same time low deformation and sections with smaller thicknesses and at the same time higher forming and set a corresponding thickness distribution. In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the profiled sheet metal strips are rolled so endlessly that between the strip sections required for the cams special tapers are provided in the sheet thickness, in which the reeling of the strip almost the entire bend takes place, so that the remaining areas of the strip not by reeling be bent or pre-formed. Thus, the available degree of deformation of the profile is almost completely provided for the production of the cam. Still have Separating tools, which assemble the endless profile strip for the Nockenhersteilung to separate a profile section with only a small and additionally already weakened material structure, which reduces the tool wear and increases the possible separation speed.

An important aspect of the solution according to the invention consists in the division of the peripheral portions of the cam and the respective assignment to a particular profiled sheet metal strip or profiled sheet metal strip section and the welding connection of profiled sheet metal strips after the respective bending or forming operation. For cams with a large cam lobe of the cam is usually formed from more than one, preferably two elongated profiled sheet metal strips.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous to form the base circle region of the cam from a profiled sheet metal strip with an approximately rectangular cross section and over the length of the same thickness, the lower belt. The cam lobe is formed from a second profiled sheet metal strip, the upper band, which is designed in accordance with the above teaching. The two profile sheet strips, which were separated from the upper belt and the lower belt respectively, are joined together in one operation by resistance welding or beam welding. Advantages of such a division are u.a. the shorter machine cycle time, welding without uncontrolled electrical shunts and the possibility of using the same sub-band for different cams.

In the following drawings, the invention will be explained in further embodiments. Show it

Figure 1 shows a cam 1 according to the invention in a perspective view;

Figure 2 shows a cam 1 according to the invention in an axial view with another division of the individual profile strips 2; FIG. 3 and FIG Figure 4 shows two embodiments of the rolled endless belt, from which the elongated profile strips are cut for the production of the cams, wherein the two bands are intended for two different peripheral portions of the cam.

FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the profile band corresponding to the section A-A in FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 6 shows the endless belt of one of the profile strips wound on reel 13, in this case the example of upper belt 3.

Figures 7, 8, 9 show steps for the manufacture of the cam. The figures 7a and 7b show the assembly of the upper band 3 and the lower band 4. In the figures 8a and 8b, the finished bent elongated profile strips 2 are shown. FIG. 9 shows the finished cam 1.

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 illustrate the bending operation of the profile strip using the example of the upper belt 3. FIG. 10 shows the ready-made upper belt 3 and FIGS. 11 and 12 show two steps of the bending operation. FIGS. 11a and 12a show a comparison with FIG Figures 11 b and 12 b only another bending core has been used.

Figures 13 and 14 show the process of pressure calibration seen in the axial and transverse directions.

FIGS. 15 and 16 each show a cam 1 in cross section, on which two different examples of the entry chamfer 8 and one example of an engraving 21 in the joining contour 6 are presented.

In FIG. 17, the joining process of the cam 1 to the support shaft 11 expanded in the region 12 is shown.

FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 show different examples of cam shapes, although other shapes and parting planes 5 are also conceivable. Figure 21a gives an example of an asymmetrical profile strip 2, as it is approximately necessary for the cam 1, shown in the division according to Figure 2. Figure 21b gives an example of a symmetrical profile strip, as it is approximately necessary for the cam 1, shown in the division according to FIG. 1. FIG. 22 shows an example of a rolled profile in which the profile strips 2 used to form the cam are cut out of the profile transversely to the rolling direction (WR), the dividing lines in the picture being indicated by the dashed lines. Fig. 23 gives an example of a cam which is formed as a cam.

The cam 1, as shown in Figure 1, is formed by the three profile strips 2, which are joined to the joints 5, preferably by means of resistance welding or resistance pressure welding. The substantially circular joining contour 6 is designed so that it is adapted to the respective joining method, with which the cam is joined to the support shaft. For the inventively preferred method in which the cam is pressed onto a section of a Tragweile 11 which has been widened by means of rolling, an engraving, preferably axially extending small toothings, is introduced into the joining contour (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2). FIG. 2 illustrates on the cam 1 the belt thickness 7, which corresponds to the wall thickness of the cam, measured orthogonally to the axial direction of the camshaft. In the example of FIG. 2, an asymmetrical profiled sheet metal strip was used for producing the cam blank, so that the weld seam 5 lies in the position indicated in FIG. 2. Depending on the rolling technical and bending / forming requirements, such a division may be advantageous.

Figures 3 and 4 show a top band 3 and a lower band 4, which is assembled in each case to profile strips. This preferred case applies when the cam 1 is formed from two elongated profile strips 2 in such a way that, as shown in FIG. 9, the base circle region and the elevation region of the cam each consist of a single profiled strip 2. In order that the strip during reeling (cf. also FIG. 6) is not formed in areas which are subjected to high degrees of deformation during the bending / forming process, predetermined bending points 14 are introduced, in particular into the upper strip, which completely absorb the circumferential bending during the hasp , This way will ensures that in those areas which are exposed to high degrees of deformation in the bending / forming process, not the available deformation capacity of the material is already partially or even completely consumed by the reeling. Where it is needed, the forming capacity is maintained. The lines marked 15 (FIG. 3) represent the sectional contour for the assembly of the strip. Analogous predetermined bending points can also be introduced in the lower strip.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in Fig. 22, as a starting workpiece for manufacture, the profile is rolled not in the longitudinal direction as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but in the transverse direction to the cam periphery of the profile pieces 2 used to form the cam. The rolling direction WR is shown by an arrow in FIG. The profile strips 2 are made by separating the starting workpiece along the dashed lines. However, this embodiment is not preferable, since here the inlet chamfer 8 can be formed only in the pressure calibration process and the production of the lead angle is associated with material waste. For some special cam contours, it may still be necessary to manufacture the profile strips 2 from such starting workpieces.

FIG. 5 illustrates that already during the rolling process, the leading chamfer 8 has been rolled into the joining contour 6 of the cam in preform or finished form. It also facilitates threading onto the calibration mandrel 19 in the optional phase of pressure calibration.

After unwinding the respective band, it is assembled into the elongate profile strips by means of the cutting operations sketched in FIGS. 7 a and 7 b by means of the cutting tools 16, 17 along the sectional contour 15. Subsequently, the profile strips 2 are individually bent (FIGS. 8a and 8b) and joined to form a cam 1 (FIG. 9). The bending operation preferably takes place via a bending mandrel 18 (compare FIGS. 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), which corresponds to the expected one Springback must be designed smaller than the desired joining contour of the cam raw part in the section. The deformation (FIGS. 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) can be performed both in a die (not shown) and by means of tool elements (not shown). If necessary, bending mandrels with corresponding special shapes, for example, as shown in FIGS. 11a and 12a, are used to guide the deformation and the necessary material displacements in the respective band.

When conducting the bending operation and designing the belt, it should be noted that the profiled sheet metal strip 2 is not subjected to uniform deformation over its entire volume during the bending / forming operation. Thus, there are in the profile strip 2 areas 9, which are exposed during the bending / forming operation only small transformations. Likewise, there are areas 10 that are subjected to significant deformations. Such areas are illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 12b.

By appropriate design of the profile strips, the transverse contraction of the strip during the bending operation is kept low and / or by means of suitable profile cross-sectional geometries ^; compensated for the profile strip. For this purpose, the side surfaces of the profile strip with respect to the surface normal of the joining contour 6 during rolling by the lead angle ß1 or ß2 are formed inclined. As a result, a surplus of material is provided on the surface of the profile strip opposite the joining contour 6, which is displaced during the deformation such that after the deformation the side surfaces of the then bent profile strip are aligned at least approximately orthogonally to the joining contour 6. This design makes it possible to dispense with the subsequent processing, such as facing, the side surfaces of the cam.

So that the cam must be subjected to as little further mechanical post-processing as possible and the joining conditions are optimized by means of precise joining contours, in the preferred case a pressure calibration of the raw material is carried out. cam, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 13 and 14. The cam is thereby pushed onto the Kalibrierdorn 19, wherein at the same time the scraping operation for removing the weld beads at the welds 5 can be performed. Subsequently, by means of molds 20 of the cam is pressed into shape, as illustrated with arrows in Figs. 13 and 14. At the same time or in succession, the cam can also be pressed against the bottom 22 of the calibrating mandrel 19 (FIG. 13) by tools (not shown). In this way, the recess A and the inlet chamfer (8) can be calibrated exactly.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show two examples of the inlet chamfer 8 with the characteristic angles CH and c- ₂ and the characteristic radius r, respectively. At the same time introduced into the joining contour 6, circumferential toothing 21, whose teeth extend in the axial direction, shown. However, the method for producing the cams makes it possible to form other engravings 21 in the joining contour 6 in a particularly simple manner.

It is obvious that the cams according to the invention can also be joined to the support shaft by means of laser welding, electron beam welding or other joining methods. Required form elements, such as welding shoulders, etc., can then be introduced in a simple manner by means of rolling into the profile strips.

Further, a great advantage of the technique according to the invention that can be generated in a very cost-effective and simple manner in the joining contour 6 of the cam circumferential grooves. When using joining methods in which the support shaft is widened after the positioning of the cam, the strength of the connection in the axial direction can be increased by means of a circumferential groove. Furthermore, cams can also be formed with the method in which the joining contour is not substantially circular. So you can add Ren, which are seen in the axial direction formed as polygons, are introduced with corresponding rounded corners during the bending operation.

The proposed solution of the invention is also applicable to cams or eccentric discs as a special case of cams with a special circumferential contour, as used for example to form an adjusting for the Verstellaktuatorik a mechanical variable valve train system use. Such special cams can also be formed and joined according to the invention. An example of such a cam is given in FIG. 23. In this case, the weld seam 5 can advantageously be arranged in a region which is never in contact with a cam follower or a corresponding gear member which is directly actuated by the cam or the cam disk.

For cams 1 in which the contact between cam follower and cam passes through the entire cam peripheral contour, the weld seam 5 is preferably arranged in an area with a relatively low contact load compared with the remaining areas of the peripheral contour.

FIG. 17 shows how the cam 1 formed according to the invention is joined to the support shaft 11. In this case, in the direction of the arrow, the cam is pushed with its inlet chamfer 8 ahead over the widened region 12, wherein the widening into the toothing 21 of the joining contour 6 of the cam 1 forms and generates a force and form fit.

FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 show alternative shapes of the recess of the cam 1. In the case of very large cam elevations, it is sometimes not possible to reach a substantially circular recess of the cam, as shown in FIG. Here, recesses, as shown in Figure 18 or 19 may be formed. At the same time, FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 show an alternative possibility of the arrangement for the weld seam between the Profile strip from which the cam is formed. It should be noted that the shapes of the recess of the cam 1 shown here are not related to the arrangement of the weld shown here.

The profile strip shown in Figure 21a gives an example of a, with respect to the maximum cam lobe, asymmetric profile strip 2, as is required approximately for the cam 1, shown in the division of the profile strips according to the figure 2. The cutting plane Q shown in the figure extends directly through the maximum cam lobe of the cam formed from the profile strip 2 by bending the longitudinal axis L.

The profile strip shown in Fig. 21 b gives an example of a, relative to the maximum cam lobe, symmetrical profile strip 2, as is required approximately for the cam 1, shown in the division of the profile strip according to FIG. 1. The cutting plane Q shown in FIG. 21b extends directly through the maximum cam lobe of the cam formed from the profile strip 2 by bending the longitudinal axis L.

After bending the elongate profile strips 2 according to the embodiments as shown in Figures 21a and 21b, the two ends 2a are connected to each other and thus the cam 1 is formed.

List of terms

1 cam

2 profile strips

2a end / end area

3 upper band

4 subband

5 weld

6 joining contour

7 belt thickness

8 inlet chamfer

9 area of low bending deformation

10 range of increased bending deformation

11 support shaft

12 expanded area

13 coiler mandrel

14 intended bending point, connection area

15 cutting contour

16 cutting tool

17 cutting tool

18 bending mandrel

19 calibration mandrel

20 mold

21 engraving, toothing

22 Ground Calibration mandrel αi Cone angle α ₂ Cone angle βi Retention angle ß ₂ Retention angle r Radius Entry chamfer

Q cutting plane

L longitudinal axis

WR rolling direction

Claims

Patent claims

1. Cams for built camshafts, formed from at least one profiled sheet metal strip (2) which is produced by rolling and has different thicknesses in its longitudinal extent and has two end regions (2a), the profiled sheet metal strip (2) being bent or formed to form the cam blank part (1). that its end regions (2a) abut one another and are welded together or that its end regions (2a) are welded to the end regions (2b) of at least one further bent or formed sheet metal strip (2), the cam blank (1) having a recess (A). for receiving a support shaft (11), which recess (A) has a substantially circular or circular segment-shaped inner contour area, characterized in that an inlet chamfer (8) is formed on the inner contour area.

2. Cam according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet chamfer (8) is introduced into the profiled sheet metal strip (2) by rolling technology.

3. Cam according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cam blank (1) is subjected to a pressure calibration step.

4. Cam according to claim 3, characterized in that the inlet chamfer (8) is formed during the pressure calibration step.

5. Cam according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the inlet bevel (8) is at least partially introduced into the profiled sheet metal strip (2) by rolling and then the final shape of the inlet bevel (8) is formed in the pressure calibration step.

6. Cam according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cam blank part (1) is formed from a single profiled sheet metal strip (2), which is designed symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the transverse axis (Q) running through the location of the maximum cam elevation.

7. Cam according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cam blank part (1) has an engraving at least on the inner wall of the recess (A) to form a joining contour (6).

8. Cam according to claim 7, characterized in that the engraving is formed by teeth extending in the axial direction of the cam blank part (1).

9. Cam according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inlet chamfer (8) is designed as a section of the inner contour of the recess (A) that widens conically outwards.

10. Cam according to claim 9, characterized in that the outwardly conically widening section is divided into two conically widening subsections arranged next to one another in the axial direction, the outer section having a larger cone angle than the inner section.

11. Cam according to claim 10, characterized in that the cone angle (α ₂ ) of the outer section is between 5 and 10 ° and the cone angle (αi) of the inner section is between 0.5 and 4 °.

12. Cam according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inlet chamfer (8) is formed by a radius (r) provided on the inner contour of the recess (A).

13. Cam according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inlet chamfer (8) is formed by an outwardly widening parabolic section.

14. Cam according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the circular or circular segment-shaped inner contour area extends over a circumferential area with a circumferential angle of at least 300 °.

15. Rolled profiled sheet metal strip for producing cams according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that an edge region of the profiled sheet metal strip (2) is deformed by rolling technology in such a way that this deformation after the profiled sheet metal strip (2) has been bent or formed into the cam blank part (1) the inlet chamfer (8) of this cam forms a blank part.

16. Profiled sheet metal strip according to claim 15, characterized in that each longitudinal section of the profiled sheet metal strip (2) is assigned to a peripheral section of the cam blank part (1) and that the thickness profile in the longitudinal sections of the profiled sheet metal strip (2) essentially corresponds to the thickness profile in the corresponding peripheral sections of the cam blank part ( 1) corresponds.

17. Profile sheet strip according to claims 15 to 16, characterized in that its two edge regions are deformed by rolling technology in such a way that they have areas that protrude relative to a perpendicular to the joining contour (6), which additional material for compensating for the bending or forming of the profile sheet strip (2) contains transverse contraction of the material that occurs relative to the cam blank (1).

18. Profile sheet strip according to claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the profile sheet strip (2), which corresponds to the later joining contour (6) of the bent or formed cam blank part (1), has an engraving which is rolled into the profile sheet strip (2 ) is introduced.

19. Profiled sheet metal strip according to claim 18, characterized in that the rolled-in engraving is designed as a toothing extending transversely to the rolling direction.

20. Process for producing a cam for built camshafts, comprising the following process steps:

1. Produce at least one profiled sheet metal strip (2) with predetermined thickness gradients in its longitudinal extent and with two end regions (2a) by endless rolling and cutting to length, with at least one edge deformation forming a later inlet chamfer (8) of a cam blank part (1) on a longitudinal edge of the profiled sheet metal strip (2). is partially rolled.

2. Bending or forming the profiled sheet metal strip (2) so that its end regions (2a) abut each other and are welded together or that its end regions (2a) abut and weld the end regions (2b) of at least one further bent or formed sheet metal strip (2). become.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the cam blank (1) is subjected to a pressure calibration step.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the partially rolled edge deformation of the profiled sheet strip (1) is brought into the final shape of the inlet chamfer (8) as part of the pressure calibration step.

23. The method according to claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the two edge regions of the profile strip (2) are deformed by rolling technology in such a way that, based on a perpendicular to the joining contour (6), a protruding area is formed, which additional material is used to compensate for the the bending or forming of the profiled sheet strip (2) to form the cam blank (1) contains transverse contraction of the material.

24. Method according to claims 20 to 23, characterized in that in the longitudinal section of the profiled sheet strip (2), which corresponds to the later joining contour (6) of the bent or formed cam blank part (1), an engraving (e.g. in the form of a transverse toothing extending to the rolling direction) is rolled in.

25. The method according to claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the profiled sheet metal strips (2) are produced by endless rolling as sections of a coilable endless belt, the profiled sheet metal strips (2) being connected by connecting areas (14) having a smaller sheet metal thickness.

26. Built camshaft with cams according to claims 1 to 14, wherein the support shaft (11) has sections with an expanded diameter at the axial positions at which the cams are to be attached, and wherein the cams with the inlet chamfer (8) first on the Support shaft (11) is pushed on and pushed over the respective section with the expanded diameter to form a force-fitting and/or positive connection between the cam and support shaft (11).

27. Camshaft according to claim 26, characterized in that the diameter expansions of the support shaft are produced by material displacement processes such as rolling or knurling.