EP1818636A1 - Device and method for drying granules based on powder and binder - Google Patents

Device and method for drying granules based on powder and binder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1818636A1
EP1818636A1 EP07300785A EP07300785A EP1818636A1 EP 1818636 A1 EP1818636 A1 EP 1818636A1 EP 07300785 A EP07300785 A EP 07300785A EP 07300785 A EP07300785 A EP 07300785A EP 1818636 A1 EP1818636 A1 EP 1818636A1
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Prior art keywords
column
granules
drying
air
sheaths
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EP07300785A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1818636B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Doubre
Claude Le Tarnec
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PRP Holding
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PROCEDES ROLAND PIGEON
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
    • F26B17/1408—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material
    • F26B17/1416—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material the ducts being half open or perforated and arranged horizontally

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of drying granules or grains based on powder and binder.
  • Such granules can be made based on minerals associated or not with other powders, for example based on organic matter; these granules can be used as soil conditioners or for animal nutrition.
  • the treatment and the device of the invention are well adapted to granules obtained from a mixture of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, clay, dolomite, magnesium oxide, sulphate or chloride potash, organic matter, mineral nitrogen, etc. and trace elements associated with a binder of the molasses or lignosulphonate type.
  • most of the granules have a substantially rounded shape and a particle size of between 1 and 8 mm.
  • at least 90% by weight of the particles have a particle size in the nominal size, and for example close to 3 mm.
  • This product has a dust content of less than 2.5% by weight; its density is close to 1.1 and the constituent granules have a hardness to ensure the integrity of the product during handling, transport and use, for example a hardness of 34.3N (3.5kgf).
  • these granules pose specific problems due to their composition and their texture. Specifically, before drying, these granules are fragile and tend to deform and agglomerate to each other, they are said to be malleable. In fact, unlike cereal grains, granules based on powder and binder, which are moist, are malleable and deformable before drying, sensitive to crushing, and exhibit a physical fluid behavior, comparable to the behavior of a sludge. . For example, when they are kept at rest on a horizontal surface, they spread out gradually, losing their relief until they form a sheet. In grain dryers, similar bulk densities would slow grain flow to produce clogging.
  • the applicant has therefore sought to develop another type of dryer, able to operate continuously compact, low energy consumption, adapted to the particular physical properties of granules and low noise.
  • Drying tubes used for drying fertilizers, at high temperature, are not suitable for drying granules because they are bulky, noisy and involve high energy consumption. They therefore do not meet the requirements set by the applicant.
  • dryers used for drying grains such as cereals are also not suitable for drying powder-based granules and a binder, because of the physical properties of the granules.
  • Dryers used for drying grains such as cereals, or column dryers are equipped with ducts allowing the diffusion of air in the mass of the product to be dried. These dryers operate on the principle of cross currents, and produce a hot air stream allowing a drying by driving of the water contained in the product.
  • This type of dryer is therefore intended for drying cereal grains which have on the outside, a cellulosic sheath which gives them great rigidity. These grains have a solid behavior when they flow in the dryer between the sheaths. Because of the temperatures used in these dryers and the structure of the sheaths used, these dryers are not suitable for drying powder-based granules and binder, which, as indicated above, have physical characteristics. different.
  • this type of cereal dryer is intended to reduce moisture from a moisture level of about 40% to a moisture content of about 15%.
  • a residual moisture of 5% to 0.5% or less.
  • the applicant has developed a dryer meeting the constraints mentioned above, and in particular allowing to dry malleable granules at the beginning of drying, to a residual moisture of 5%, at 0.5% or less, while limiting congestion and energy consumption compared to previously used dryers.
  • the sheaths form a cylinder whose generating line draws, in a plane perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis (XX) of said cylinder, a truncated diamond in its lower part.
  • the dryer as defined above allows the drying of malleable granules, easily deformable, based on powder and binder, which can include before drying, 20%, and even 25% moisture.
  • the use of the dryer under these conditions for drying granules is another object of the invention.
  • the control of the speed and temperature of the air coming from the air supply means makes it possible to limit the energy consumption of the dryer compared with a bed dryer. fluidized, or to a drying tube.
  • the sheaths are staggered within the drying column.
  • This particular arrangement of the sheaths makes it possible to improve the flow of the granules within the vertical drying column.
  • granules which enter simultaneously into the dryer also emerge simultaneously, so that we observe for all the granules, a very similar or even identical rate of progression, within the drying column.
  • the particular characteristics of the sheaths contribute to ensuring a substantially constant flow of the granules over the entire height of the drying column, avoiding any risk of clogging of the column by agglomeration of the granules.
  • the main longitudinal axis (XX) of the sheaths is preferably perpendicular to the direction of flow of the granules in the dryer.
  • the dryer of the invention may further comprise half-sheaths arranged in the drying column between means for supplying air and exhausting air, openings being arranged in the associated walls of the column at the ends of these ducts to make them communicate with the means for supplying air and exhausting air, said sheaths being leaned over their entire length to a wall of the drying column and forming a half lozenge truncated at its lower part in a plane perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis (XX) of the half-sheaths.
  • XX main longitudinal axis
  • the ends of the sheaths, in contact with the walls of the column are equipped in their upper part with deflectors for guiding the flow of granules to the center of the column.
  • each sheath has a section of identical shape and size.
  • At least one gas-tight floor can be arranged, making it possible to divide each of the air supply and air outlet means into minus two compartments, separated in a sealed manner, so as to be able to control, in each compartment, the temperature and the air supply speed in the column on the one hand and the temperature and the evacuation rate of the exhaust air from the column on the other hand.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to have several stages in the column, in which the temperature and the speed of the air are different.
  • a residual moisture of less than 5% and even less than 1% may be necessary to ensure the maintenance and integrity of the grains formed.
  • step (a) Heat treatment of the granules in step (a) at a temperature of about 100 ° C conditions the surface of the granules to prevent caking for subsequent handling.
  • the method described above can advantageously be implemented in a dryer as defined above.
  • the method that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to obtain granules whose moisture, at the end of treatment, is 1% or less for certain products, so as to ensure maintenance and integrity of formed grains.
  • the granules Preferably, at the end of the treatment, have a relative humidity of 1%, 0.5% or less.
  • said method comprises a step (d) of cooling after step (c), of treating the granules with air at ambient temperature, until the granules reach a temperature of 30 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • the drying process which is the subject of the invention can be included in a process for the production of granules, as described, for example, in the patent application. French FR9805697 filed on 30 April 1998.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a dryer as defined above, for drying granules comprising at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the binder, of a powder product, and the complement in weight being made of a liquid binder.
  • the dryer as defined above is used to dry granules to obtain granules whose moisture, at the end of treatment, is 5%, and even 1% or less for certain products, so to ensure the maintenance and integrity of the grains formed.
  • the granules can be obtained from a mixture of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, clay, dolomite, magnesium oxide, sulphate or potassium chloride, organic, mineral nitrogen material, etc., and trace elements associated with a binder of the kind molasses or lignosulfonate, in liquid form.
  • the dryer illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a vertical drying column 1 at the top of which is disposed a reserve box 11 of wet granules. At the base of the column, a recovery box 12 of the granules is provided.
  • the granules flow in the drying column 1 by gravity from the storage cell 11 to the recovery cell 12, meeting in their path the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 arranged in the drying column 1.
  • the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 are staggered within the drying column 1, so that the granules flow optimally. Indeed, thanks to this arrangement of sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6, granules that enter simultaneously into the dryer, also emerge simultaneously, so that we observe for all the granules, a speed of progression very close even identical, within the drying column 1.
  • This hot air box 2 comprises an opening 21 allowing the entry of atmospheric air, and a cyclone 22 allowing a hot air inlet into the hot air box 2.
  • a box of used air 3 comprising an opening 31 equipped with a fan 32 to drive the worn air in the atmosphere.
  • a hot air box 9 Below the box of spent air 3 is disposed a hot air box 9, separated from the box of spent air 3, and provided with an atmospheric air inlet 91.
  • Sleeves 4 and half cooling sheaths 6 are arranged transversely to the base of the drying column 1, and include an opening 51 communicating with the hot air box 9, and an opening 52 communicating with a compartment 23 of the chamber hot air 2.
  • the atmospheric air introduced through the opening 91 of the hot air chamber 9 passes through the cooling sheaths 4 and half-shells 6, thereby cooling the dried granules which come into contact with them, and is then discharged into a compartment 23 of the box of hot air 2.
  • the air thus heated by the granules is then dusted by the cyclone 22 before being recycled into the hot air chamber 2, and enters the ducts 4 and half-sheaths 6 of drying respectively by the openings 41 and 61 provided for in FIG. this effect.
  • the hot air passing through the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 of drying will allow the granules which are in contact with them to dry, then will be evacuated through openings 42 and 62 towards the chamber of spent air 3, and then escape into the atmosphere through the opening 31 of the spent air chamber equipped with a cyclone 32.
  • the drying column 1 is separated into different stages 13 allowing individual regulation of the temperature and the speed of the air passing through the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6.
  • the wet granules are malleable and deformable and have a liquid behavior when they enter the drying column 1.
  • the sheaths 4 and half sheaths 6 have a precise shape and layout within the drying column.
  • the main longitudinal axis (XX) of the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the granules in the dryer, the sheaths 4 and half sheaths 6 are arranged staggered within the drying column and form respectively a rhombus 5 and a half rhombus 7, truncated in their lower part.
  • the sheaths 4 on the one hand, and the half sheaths 6 on the other hand, have, moreover, a similar size and shape to each other.
  • the space between the columns, through which the granules progress is approximately constant, regardless of the level considered.
  • the grains do not encounter any narrowing that would be likely to compress them against each other, tending to deform or agglomerate.
  • the arrows F represent the direction of flow of the granules to be dried.
  • the hot dry air is introduced in the direction G through the openings 41 and 61 and the moisture-laden air is discharged through the openings 42 and 62.
  • the arrows H represent the circulation of air within the granules.
  • the following description relates to a granule drying test using a method and a device according to the invention.
  • the spacing of the ducts is 110 mm and the layer thickness is 250 mm.
  • Each drying chamber is equipped with a centrifugal fan with an installed power of 1.5kW and a 7kW electric battery placed at the discharge.
  • a temperature sensor is placed in each box, and can measure the temperature of hot air. Thermocouples are installed in each outlet to allow control of the waste air temperature.
  • a collector collects the exhaust air outlets. It is used to measure the overall air flow using an airspeed sensor.
  • the dryer also includes a hot air generator complementary to the fuel, supplying the fans with suction at around 100 ° C, so that a temperature of 100 ° C is obtained when the product is attacked.
  • a pneumatic extractor and timers are also installed.
  • An elevator equipped with a loading hopper makes it possible to feed the column dryer.
  • a conveyor belt is disposed under the outlet of the extraction product allows to evacuate the dry product to a box that can be weighed to measure the product flow.
  • the granules treated in the dryer and according to the method that is the subject of the invention have a moisture content of 6% before drying, and 0.56% at the end of drying at the outlet of the dryer. dryer.
  • each box contains two temperature values.
  • the value in bold is the temperature of the air entering the drying column, ducts and the value in italic is the temperature of the air leaving the drying column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The continuous dryer for malleable granules obtained from a powder or a binder before drying the granules, comprises a vertical drying column (1), an air supply unit in the column arranged laterally to a wall of the column, an used air evacuation unit emerging from the column arranged laterally to a wall of the column, sheaths (4) arranged in the column between the air supply and used air evacuation units, and half-sheaths (6) arranged in the column between the air supply and the used air evacuation units. The granules flow down by gravity from top to bottom of the column. The continuous dryer for malleable granules obtained from a powder or a binder before drying the granules, comprises a vertical drying column (1), an air supply unit in the column arranged laterally to a wall of the column, an used air evacuation unit emerging from the column arranged laterally to a wall of the column, sheaths (4) arranged in the column between the air supply and used air evacuation units, and half-sheaths (6) arranged in the column between the air supply and the used air evacuation units. The granules flow down by gravity from top to bottom of the column. A temperature and speed of the air is controlled in the drying column. The wall of the column is opposed to a wall of the air supply unit. Openings are arranged in the wall of the column at the ends of the sheaths to communicate with the air supply and used air evacuation units. The sheaths form a cylinder of which right-hand side generator makes a rhombus (5) truncated in its lower part in a perpendicular plane to a longitudinal principal axis of the cylinder. The sheaths are arranged in quincunx within the drying column. The longitudinal principal axis of the sheaths is perpendicular to a direction of a flow of granules in the dryer. The half-sheaths are inclined over all its length to the drying column wall and form a half rhombus truncated in its lower part in a perpendicular plane with a longitudinal principal axis of the half-sheaths. The sheath ends are contacted with the drying column wall, which is equipped by deflectors in the upper part to guide the granule flow towards the center of the drying column. Each sheath has an identical section of shape and size. A tight floor with gas is arranged inside the air supply unit and the outlet of the evacuation unit to divide each air supply unit and the evacuation unit in two tightly separated compartments.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine du séchage de granulés ou grains à base de poudre et de liant.The present invention relates to the field of drying granules or grains based on powder and binder.

La production de granulés à base de poudre et de liant, le plus souvent liquide, conduit à l'obtention de granulés malléables, pouvant comprendre jusqu'à 25% d'humidité. il est donc préférable de sécher ces granulés pour éliminer l'humidité résiduelle excessive qui rendrait leur ensachage impossible.The production of granules based on powder and binder, usually liquid, leads to obtaining malleable granules, which can include up to 25% moisture. it is therefore preferable to dry these granules to remove excessive residual moisture that would make bagging impossible.

De tels granulés peuvent être réalisés à base de minéraux associés ou non avec d'autres poudres, par exemple à base de matière organique ; ces granulés pouvant être utilisés comme conditionneurs de sols ou pour la nutrition animale.Such granules can be made based on minerals associated or not with other powders, for example based on organic matter; these granules can be used as soil conditioners or for animal nutrition.

Le traitement et le dispositif de l'invention sont bien adaptés à des granulés obtenus à partir d'un mélange de carbonate de calcium, de chlorure de sodium, d'argile, de dolomie, d'oxyde de magnésium, de sulfate ou de chlorure de potasse, de matière organique, de matière azotée minérale, etc. et d'oligo-éléments associés à un liant du genre mélasse ou lignosulfonate. En outre, les granulés ont en grande majorité une forme sensiblement arrondie et une granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 8 mm. De préférence, dans le produit granulé obtenu, au moins 90% en poids des particules ont une granulométrie dans la taille nominale, et par exemple proche de 3 mm. Ce produit présente un taux de poussières inférieur à 2,5% en poids ; sa densité est proche de 1,1 et les granulés constitutifs ont une dureté permettant d'assurer l'intégrité du produit pendant la manutention, le transport et l'utilisation, par exemple une dureté de 34,3N (3,5kgf).The treatment and the device of the invention are well adapted to granules obtained from a mixture of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, clay, dolomite, magnesium oxide, sulphate or chloride potash, organic matter, mineral nitrogen, etc. and trace elements associated with a binder of the molasses or lignosulphonate type. In addition, most of the granules have a substantially rounded shape and a particle size of between 1 and 8 mm. Preferably, in the granulated product obtained, at least 90% by weight of the particles have a particle size in the nominal size, and for example close to 3 mm. This product has a dust content of less than 2.5% by weight; its density is close to 1.1 and the constituent granules have a hardness to ensure the integrity of the product during handling, transport and use, for example a hardness of 34.3N (3.5kgf).

Le traitement de ces granulés pose des problèmes spécifiques dus à leur composition et à leur texture. Plus précisément, avant séchage, ces granulés sont fragiles et ont tendance à se déformer et à s'agglomérer les uns aux autres, ils sont dits malléables. En effet, au contraire des grains de céréales, les granulés à base de poudre et de liant, humides, sont malléables et déformables avant séchage, sensibles à l'écrasement, et présentent un comportement physique de fluide, comparable au comportement d'une boue. A titre d'exemple, lorsqu'ils sont maintenus au repos sur une surface horizontale, ils s'étalent progressivement, perdant leur relief jusqu'à former une nappe. Dans les séchoirs à céréales, des prises en masse analogues conduiraient à ralentir l'écoulement des grains jusqu'à produire le colmatage.The treatment of these granules poses specific problems due to their composition and their texture. Specifically, before drying, these granules are fragile and tend to deform and agglomerate to each other, they are said to be malleable. In fact, unlike cereal grains, granules based on powder and binder, which are moist, are malleable and deformable before drying, sensitive to crushing, and exhibit a physical fluid behavior, comparable to the behavior of a sludge. . For exemple, when they are kept at rest on a horizontal surface, they spread out gradually, losing their relief until they form a sheet. In grain dryers, similar bulk densities would slow grain flow to produce clogging.

Il importe donc de définir un procédé et un dispositif de séchage qui conserve approximativement la forme des granulés et surtout leur individualité et évite qu'ils ne se collent les uns aux autres.It is therefore important to define a method and a drying device that keeps the shape of the granules approximately and especially their individuality and prevents them from sticking to each other.

Pour sécher de tels granulés, un séchoir à lit fluidisé a été utilisé dans le procédé de fabrication de granulés décrit dans la demande de brevet français FR9805697 déposée le 30 avril 1998. Néanmoins, ce type de séchoir est encombrant, et sa mise en oeuvre implique une grande consommation d'énergie.To dry such granules, a fluid bed dryer has been used in the granulation process described in the patent application. French FR9805697 filed April 30, 1998. Nevertheless, this type of dryer is bulky, and its implementation involves a high energy consumption.

Le demandeur a donc cherché à mettre au point un autre type de séchoir, apte à fonctionner en continu peu encombrant, à faible consommation d'énergie, adapté aux propriétés physiques particulières des granulés et peu bruyant.The applicant has therefore sought to develop another type of dryer, able to operate continuously compact, low energy consumption, adapted to the particular physical properties of granules and low noise.

Les tubes sécheurs, utilisés pour le séchage des engrais, à haute température, ne sont pas adaptés au séchage des granulés car ils sont encombrants, bruyant et impliquent une grande consommation d'énergie. Ils ne répondent donc pas aux exigences que s'est fixé le demandeur.Drying tubes, used for drying fertilizers, at high temperature, are not suitable for drying granules because they are bulky, noisy and involve high energy consumption. They therefore do not meet the requirements set by the applicant.

Le demandeur a observé que les séchoirs utilisés pour le séchage des grains comme les céréales ne sont pas non plus adaptés au séchage des granulés à base de poudre et d'un liant, du fait des propriété physiques des granulés.Applicant has observed that dryers used for drying grains such as cereals are also not suitable for drying powder-based granules and a binder, because of the physical properties of the granules.

Les séchoirs utilisés pour le séchage des grains comme ceux des céréales, ou séchoirs à colonnes, sont équipés de gaines permettant la diffusion d'air dans la masse du produit à sécher. Ces séchoirs fonctionnent selon le principe des courants croisés, et produisent un courant d'air chaud permettant un séchage par entraînement de l'eau contenue dans le produit.Dryers used for drying grains such as cereals, or column dryers, are equipped with ducts allowing the diffusion of air in the mass of the product to be dried. These dryers operate on the principle of cross currents, and produce a hot air stream allowing a drying by driving of the water contained in the product.

Ce type de séchoir est donc destiné à sécher les grains de céréales qui présentent à l'extérieur, une gaine cellulosique qui leur confère une grande rigidité. Ces grains ont un comportement de solide lorsqu'ils s'écoulent dans le séchoir entre les gaines. Du fait des températures mises en oeuvre dans ces séchoirs et de la structure des gaines utilisées, ces séchoirs ne sont pas adaptés au séchage des granulés à base de poudre et de liant, qui, comme il a été indiqué plus haut, possèdent des caractéristiques physiques différentes.This type of dryer is therefore intended for drying cereal grains which have on the outside, a cellulosic sheath which gives them great rigidity. These grains have a solid behavior when they flow in the dryer between the sheaths. Because of the temperatures used in these dryers and the structure of the sheaths used, these dryers are not suitable for drying powder-based granules and binder, which, as indicated above, have physical characteristics. different.

De plus, ce type de séchoir pour céréales est destiné à réduire l'humidité depuis un taux d'humidité d'environ 40% jusqu'à un taux d'humidité d'environ 15%. Au contraire, pour obtenir des grains manufacturés industriellement, il faut pouvoir atteindre, selon l'invention, une humidité résiduelle de 5% à 0,5% ou moins.In addition, this type of cereal dryer is intended to reduce moisture from a moisture level of about 40% to a moisture content of about 15%. On the contrary, to obtain industrially manufactured grains, it is necessary to achieve, according to the invention, a residual moisture of 5% to 0.5% or less.

Le demandeur a mis au point un séchoir répondant aux contraintes citées ci-dessus, et permettant en particulier de sécher des granulés malléables en début de séchage, jusqu'à une humidité résiduelle de 5%, à 0,5% ou moins, tout en limitant l'encombrement et la consommation d'énergie par rapport aux séchoirs utilisés antérieurement.The applicant has developed a dryer meeting the constraints mentioned above, and in particular allowing to dry malleable granules at the beginning of drying, to a residual moisture of 5%, at 0.5% or less, while limiting congestion and energy consumption compared to previously used dryers.

L'invention a pour objet un séchoir pour granulés obtenus à partir d'une poudre et d'un liant, ledit séchoir comprenant :

  • une colonne verticale de séchage, dans laquelle les granulés s'écoulent par gravité depuis le sommet de la colonne, jusqu'à la base de la colonne,
  • un moyen d'amenée d'air dans la colonne de séchage, dont la température et la vitesse sont contrôlées, disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi de ladite colonne de séchage,
  • un moyen d'évacuation d'air usé provenant de la colonne, disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi de ladite colonne, opposée à la paroi associée au moyen d'amenée d'air, et
  • des gaines, disposées dans la colonne de séchage entre les moyens d'amenée d'air et d'évacuation d'air, des ouvertures étant aménagées dans les parois de la colonne de séchage, aux extrémités de ces gaines pour les faire communiquer avec les moyens d'amenée d'air et d'évacuation d'air usé.
The invention relates to a dryer for granules obtained from a powder and a binder, said dryer comprising:
  • a vertical drying column, in which the granules flow by gravity from the top of the column, to the base of the column,
  • means for supplying air to the drying column, the temperature and the speed of which are controlled, arranged laterally with respect to a wall of said drying column,
  • spent air discharge means from the column, disposed laterally with respect to a wall of said column, opposite the wall associated with the air supply means, and
  • sheaths arranged in the drying column between the air supply and air evacuation means, openings being arranged in the walls of the drying column, at the ends of these ducts to make them communicate with the means for supplying air and exhausting used air.

Selon l'invention, les gaines forment un cylindre dont la droite génératrice dessine, dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal longitudinal (XX) dudit cylindre, un losange tronqué dans sa partie inférieure.According to the invention, the sheaths form a cylinder whose generating line draws, in a plane perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis (XX) of said cylinder, a truncated diamond in its lower part.

Le séchoir tel que défini ci-dessus permet le séchage de granulés malléables, facilement déformables, à base de poudre et de liant, pouvant comprendre avant séchage, 20%, et même 25% d'humidité. L'utilisation du séchoir dans ces conditions, pour le séchage de granulés constitue un autre objet de l'invention.The dryer as defined above allows the drying of malleable granules, easily deformable, based on powder and binder, which can include before drying, 20%, and even 25% moisture. The use of the dryer under these conditions for drying granules is another object of the invention.

Dans le séchoir tel que défini ci-dessus, le contrôle de la vitesse et de la température de l'air provenant du moyen d'amenée d'air, permet de limiter la consommation d'énergie du séchoir par rapport à un séchoir à lit fluidisé, ou à un tube sécheur.In the dryer as defined above, the control of the speed and temperature of the air coming from the air supply means makes it possible to limit the energy consumption of the dryer compared with a bed dryer. fluidized, or to a drying tube.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les gaines sont disposées en quinconce au sein la colonne de séchage. Cette disposition particulière des gaines permet d'améliorer l'écoulement des granulés au sein de la colonne verticale de séchage. En effet, grâce à cette disposition des gaines, des granulés qui entrent simultanément dans le séchoir, en ressortent également simultanément, de sorte que l'on observe pour l'ensemble des granulés, une vitesse de progression très proche voire identique, au sein de la colonne de séchage.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheaths are staggered within the drying column. This particular arrangement of the sheaths makes it possible to improve the flow of the granules within the vertical drying column. In fact, thanks to this arrangement of the sheaths, granules which enter simultaneously into the dryer, also emerge simultaneously, so that we observe for all the granules, a very similar or even identical rate of progression, within the drying column.

Ainsi, les caractéristiques particulières des gaines contribuent à assurer un écoulement des granulés sensiblement constant sur toute la hauteur de la colonne de séchage, en évitant tout risque de colmatage de la colonne par une agglomération des granulés.Thus, the particular characteristics of the sheaths contribute to ensuring a substantially constant flow of the granules over the entire height of the drying column, avoiding any risk of clogging of the column by agglomeration of the granules.

Pour améliorer encore l'écoulement des granulés dans la colonne de séchage, l'axe principal longitudinal (XX) des gaines est de préférence perpendiculaire à la direction de l'écoulement des granulés dans le séchoir.To further improve the flow of the granules in the drying column, the main longitudinal axis (XX) of the sheaths is preferably perpendicular to the direction of flow of the granules in the dryer.

Le séchoir objet de l'invention peut comprendre en outre, des demi-gaines disposées dans la colonne de séchage entre les moyens d'amenée d'air et d'évacuation d'air, des ouvertures étant aménagées dans les parois associées de la colonne aux extrémités de ces gaines pour les faire communiquer avec les moyens d'amenée d'air et d'évacuation d'air, lesdites gaines étant adossées sur toute leur longueur à une paroi de la colonne de séchage et formant un demi losange tronqué en sa partie inférieure dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal longitudinal (XX) des demi-gaines.The dryer of the invention may further comprise half-sheaths arranged in the drying column between means for supplying air and exhausting air, openings being arranged in the associated walls of the column at the ends of these ducts to make them communicate with the means for supplying air and exhausting air, said sheaths being leaned over their entire length to a wall of the drying column and forming a half lozenge truncated at its lower part in a plane perpendicular to the main longitudinal axis (XX) of the half-sheaths.

De préférence, les extrémités des gaines, en contact avec les parois de la colonne sont équipées, dans leur partie supérieure, de déflecteurs permettant de guider l'écoulement des granulés vers le centre de la colonne.Preferably, the ends of the sheaths, in contact with the walls of the column are equipped in their upper part with deflectors for guiding the flow of granules to the center of the column.

De manière préférée, chaque gaine possède une section de forme et de taille identiques.Preferably, each sheath has a section of identical shape and size.

A l'intérieur des moyens d'amenée d'air et de sortie d'air, au moins un plancher étanche aux gaz peut être disposé, permettant de diviser chacun des moyens d'amenée d'air et de sortie d'air en au moins deux compartiments, séparés de façon étanche, de sorte à pouvoir contrôler, dans chaque compartiment, la température et la vitesse d'amenée d'air dans la colonne d'une part et la température et la vitesse d'évacuation d'air usé de la colonne d'autre part.Inside the air supply and air outlet means, at least one gas-tight floor can be arranged, making it possible to divide each of the air supply and air outlet means into minus two compartments, separated in a sealed manner, so as to be able to control, in each compartment, the temperature and the air supply speed in the column on the one hand and the temperature and the evacuation rate of the exhaust air from the column on the other hand.

Ce mode de réalisation permet de disposer de plusieurs étages dans la colonne, dans lesquels la température et la vitesse de l'air sont différentes.This embodiment makes it possible to have several stages in the column, in which the temperature and the speed of the air are different.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de séchage de granulés obtenus à partir de matière première en poudre et d'un liant, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes successives suivantes :

  1. (a) un traitement thermique des granulés par de l'air dont la température est comprise entre 80°C et 100°C, pendant 10 à 30 minutes,
  2. (b) un traitement thermique des granulés par de l'air dont la température est comprise entre 130°C et 220°C, pendant 30 à 120 minutes, et
  3. (c) un traitement thermique des granulés par de l'air dont la température est comprise entre 80°C et 175°C pendant 30 à 60 minutes,
de sorte que, à l'issue du traitement, les granulés présentent une humidité relative inférieure ou égale à 5%.The invention also relates to a method for drying granules obtained from powdered raw material and a binder, said process comprising the following successive steps:
  1. (a) a thermal treatment of the granules with air, the temperature of which is between 80 ° C. and 100 ° C., for 10 to 30 minutes,
  2. (b) heat treatment of the granules with air having a temperature of 130 ° C to 220 ° C for 30 to 120 minutes, and
  3. (c) a thermal treatment of the granules with air whose temperature is between 80 ° C and 175 ° C for 30 to 60 minutes,
so that, at the end of the treatment, the granules have a relative humidity of less than or equal to 5%.

En effet, une humidité résiduelle inférieure à 5% et même inférieure à 1% peut être nécessaire pour assurer le maintien et l'intégrité des grains formés.Indeed, a residual moisture of less than 5% and even less than 1% may be necessary to ensure the maintenance and integrity of the grains formed.

Le traitement thermique des granulés à l'étape (a), à une température d'environ 100°C conditionne la surface des granulés pour empêcher la prise en masse pour la manipulation suivante.Heat treatment of the granules in step (a) at a temperature of about 100 ° C conditions the surface of the granules to prevent caking for subsequent handling.

Le procédé décrit ci-dessus peut avantageusement être mis en oeuvre dans un séchoir tel que défini plus haut.The method described above can advantageously be implemented in a dryer as defined above.

Comme cela est illustré dans l'exemple ci-dessous, le procédé objet de l'invention permet d'obtenir des granulés dont l'humidité, en fin de traitement, est de 1 % ou moins pour certains produits, de sorte à assurer le maintien et l'intégrité des grains formés.As illustrated in the example below, the method that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to obtain granules whose moisture, at the end of treatment, is 1% or less for certain products, so as to ensure maintenance and integrity of formed grains.

De préférence, à l'issue du traitement, les granulés présentent une humidité relative égale à 1%, 0,5% ou moins.Preferably, at the end of the treatment, the granules have a relative humidity of 1%, 0.5% or less.

Pour parvenir à un degré d'humidité plus faible à l'issue du traitement, l'homme du métier peut réaliser des ajustements du procédé objet de l'invention, par exemple en faisant varier la durée de chaque étape de traitement au sein des gammes définies ci-dessus, jusqu'à obtenir des granulés présentant le taux d'humidité recherché.In order to achieve a lower degree of humidity at the end of the treatment, those skilled in the art can make adjustments to the process that is the subject of the invention, for example by varying the duration of each treatment step within the ranges. defined above, until granules having the desired moisture content are obtained.

De préférence, ledit procédé comprend une étape (d) de refroidissement à l'issue de l'étape (c), consistant à traiter les granulés par de l'air à température ambiante, jusqu'à ce que les granulés atteignent une température de 30°C à 60 °C.Preferably, said method comprises a step (d) of cooling after step (c), of treating the granules with air at ambient temperature, until the granules reach a temperature of 30 ° C to 60 ° C.

Le procédé de séchage objet de l'invention, peut être inclus dans un procédé de fabrication de granulés, tel que décrit, par exemple, dans la demande de brevet français FR9805697 déposée le 30 avril 1998.The drying process which is the subject of the invention can be included in a process for the production of granules, as described, for example, in the patent application. French FR9805697 filed on 30 April 1998.

Ainsi, le procédé de séchage objet de l'invention peut être inclus dans un procédé de fabrication de granulés à partir de matière(s) première(s) en poudre, en particulier pour la fabrication de compléments minéraux pour le sol ou l'alimentation animale, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste :

  • à mélanger la ou les matières premières en poudre avec un liant sous forme liquide,
  • à soumettre ledit mélange liant/poudre à l'action d'un dispositif de mise en forme pour le conformer en cordon cylindrique de diamètre défini,
  • à fabriquer des granulés en sectionnant le cordon cylindrique selon des tronçons de longueur voisine de leur diamètre,
  • à faire rouler les granulés obtenus sur eux-même pour leur conférer une forme générale arrondie ou sensiblement arrondie, puis
  • à sécher les granulés en mettant en oeuvre le procédé de séchage tel que défini ci-dessus.
Thus, the drying process that is the subject of the invention can be included in a process for producing granules from powdered raw material (s), in particular for the manufacture of mineral supplements for the soil or foodstuff. animal, characterized in that it consists of:
  • mixing the powdered raw material (s) with a binder in liquid form,
  • subjecting said binder / powder mixture to the action of a shaping device to form it into a cylindrical bead of defined diameter,
  • to manufacture granules by cutting the cylindrical bead in sections of length close to their diameter,
  • to roll the granules obtained on themselves to give them a generally rounded or substantially rounded shape, then
  • drying the granules by carrying out the drying process as defined above.

L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un séchoir tel que défini ci-dessus, pour sécher des granulés comprenant au moins 90% en poids, par rapport au poids total du liant, d'un produit en poudre, et le complément en poids étant constitué d'un liant liquide.The invention also relates to the use of a dryer as defined above, for drying granules comprising at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the binder, of a powder product, and the complement in weight being made of a liquid binder.

De préférence, le séchoir tel que défini ci-dessus est utilisé pour sécher des granulés jusqu'à obtenir des granulés dont l'humidité, en fin de traitement, est de 5%, et même 1% ou moins pour certains produits, de sorte à assurer le maintien et l'intégrité des grains formés.Preferably, the dryer as defined above is used to dry granules to obtain granules whose moisture, at the end of treatment, is 5%, and even 1% or less for certain products, so to ensure the maintenance and integrity of the grains formed.

A titre d'exemple, les granulés peuvent être obtenus à partir d'un mélange de carbonate de calcium, de chlorure de sodium, d'argile, de dolomie, d'oxyde de magnésium, de sulfate ou de chlorure de potasse, de matière organique, de matière azotée minérale, etc., et d'oligo-éléments associés à un liant du genre mélasse ou lignosulfonate, sous forme liquide.By way of example, the granules can be obtained from a mixture of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, clay, dolomite, magnesium oxide, sulphate or potassium chloride, organic, mineral nitrogen material, etc., and trace elements associated with a binder of the kind molasses or lignosulfonate, in liquid form.

L'invention sera en outre illustrée sans être aucunement limitée par la description ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe, illustrant un séchoir conforme à l'invention
  • La figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal longitudinal des gaines, illustrant la répartition des gaines et des demi-gaines au sein de la colonne de séchage. Les parties supérieures et inférieures de la figure 2, en pointillés indiquent les emplacement respectifs de la partie haute et de la partie basse de la colonne de séchage, non représentées sur cette figure.
  • La figure 3 est une vue partielle en perspective représentant les gaines destinées à être placées dans une colonne de séchage.
The invention will be further illustrated without being limited in any way by the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating a dryer according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal main axis of the ducts, illustrating the distribution of ducts and half-ducts within the drying column. The upper and lower parts of FIG. 2, in dotted lines, indicate the respective locations of the upper part and the lower part of the drying column, not shown in this figure.
  • Figure 3 is a partial perspective view showing the sheaths to be placed in a drying column.

Le séchoir illustré sur la figure 1 comprend une colonne de séchage verticale 1 au sommet de laquelle est disposée un caisson de réserve 11 des granulés humides. A la base de la colonne, un caisson de récupération 12 des granulés est prévu. Les granulés s'écoulent dans la colonne de séchage 1 par gravité depuis la cellule de stockage 11 jusqu'à la cellule de récupération 12, en rencontrant sur leur trajet les gaines 4 et demi-gaines 6 disposées dans la colonne de séchage 1.The dryer illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a vertical drying column 1 at the top of which is disposed a reserve box 11 of wet granules. At the base of the column, a recovery box 12 of the granules is provided. The granules flow in the drying column 1 by gravity from the storage cell 11 to the recovery cell 12, meeting in their path the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 arranged in the drying column 1.

Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 2, les gaines 4 et demi-gaines 6 sont disposées en quinconce au sein de la colonne de séchage 1, de sorte que les granulés s'écoulent de manière optimale. En effet, grâce à cette disposition des gaines 4 et demi-gaines 6, des granulés qui entrent simultanément dans le séchoir, en ressortent également simultanément, de sorte que l'on observe pour l'ensemble des granulés, une vitesse de progression très proche voire identique, au sein de la colonne de séchage 1.As shown in Figure 2, the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 are staggered within the drying column 1, so that the granules flow optimally. Indeed, thanks to this arrangement of sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6, granules that enter simultaneously into the dryer, also emerge simultaneously, so that we observe for all the granules, a speed of progression very close even identical, within the drying column 1.

Le long d'une des parois de la colonne de séchage 1, un caisson d'air chaud 2 est disposé. Ce caisson d'air chaud 2 comprend une ouverture 21 permettant l'entrée d'air atmosphérique, et un cyclone 22 permettant une entrée d'air chaud dans le caisson d'air chaud 2.Along one of the walls of the drying column 1, a box of hot air 2 is disposed. This hot air box 2 comprises an opening 21 allowing the entry of atmospheric air, and a cyclone 22 allowing a hot air inlet into the hot air box 2.

Le long de la paroi de la colonne de séchage 1, opposée à la paroi associée au caisson d'air chaud 2, est disposé un caisson d'air usé 3, comprenant une ouverture 31 équipée d'un ventilateur 32 permettant de chasser l'air usé dans l'atmosphère.Along the wall of the drying column 1, opposite to the wall associated with the hot air box 2, is disposed a box of used air 3, comprising an opening 31 equipped with a fan 32 to drive the worn air in the atmosphere.

Au dessous du caisson d'air usé 3 est disposé un caisson d'air chaud 9, séparé du caisson d'air usé 3, et muni d'une entrée d'air atmosphérique 91.Below the box of spent air 3 is disposed a hot air box 9, separated from the box of spent air 3, and provided with an atmospheric air inlet 91.

Des gaines 4 et demi gaines 6 de refroidissement sont disposées transversalement à la base de la colonne de séchage 1, et comprennent une ouverture 51 communiquant avec le caisson d'air chaud 9, et une ouverture 52 communiquant avec un compartiment 23 du caisson d'air chaud 2.Sleeves 4 and half cooling sheaths 6 are arranged transversely to the base of the drying column 1, and include an opening 51 communicating with the hot air box 9, and an opening 52 communicating with a compartment 23 of the chamber hot air 2.

Ainsi, l'air atmosphérique introduit par l'ouverture 91 du caisson d'air chaud 9 traverse les gaines 4 et demi gaines 6 de refroidissement, refroidit ainsi les granulés séchés qui se présentent à leur contact, puis est évacué dans un compartiment 23 du caisson d'air chaud 2.Thus, the atmospheric air introduced through the opening 91 of the hot air chamber 9 passes through the cooling sheaths 4 and half-shells 6, thereby cooling the dried granules which come into contact with them, and is then discharged into a compartment 23 of the box of hot air 2.

L'air ainsi réchauffé par les granulés est ensuite dépoussiéré par le cyclone 22 avant d'être recyclé dans le caisson d'air chaud 2, et pénètre dans les gaines 4 et demi gaines 6 de séchage respectivement par les ouvertures 41 et 61 prévues à cet effet. L'air chaud traversant les gaines 4 et demi gaines 6 de séchage va permettre le séchage des granulés qui se présentent à leur contact, puis sera évacué, par des ouvertures 42 et 62 en direction du caisson d'air usé 3, pour ensuite s'échapper dans l'atmosphère par l'ouverture 31 du caisson d'air usé équipé d'un cyclone 32.The air thus heated by the granules is then dusted by the cyclone 22 before being recycled into the hot air chamber 2, and enters the ducts 4 and half-sheaths 6 of drying respectively by the openings 41 and 61 provided for in FIG. this effect. The hot air passing through the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 of drying will allow the granules which are in contact with them to dry, then will be evacuated through openings 42 and 62 towards the chamber of spent air 3, and then escape into the atmosphere through the opening 31 of the spent air chamber equipped with a cyclone 32.

La colonne de séchage 1 est séparée en différents étages 13 permettant une régulation individuelle de la température et de la vitesse de l'air traversant les gaines 4 et demi-gaines 6.The drying column 1 is separated into different stages 13 allowing individual regulation of the temperature and the speed of the air passing through the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6.

Comme cela a été rappelé ci-dessus, les granulés humides sont malléables et déformables et ont un comportement de liquide lors de leur entrée dans la colonne de séchage 1.As mentioned above, the wet granules are malleable and deformable and have a liquid behavior when they enter the drying column 1.

Pour permettre un écoulement optimal des granulés et éviter un colmatage du séchoir par les granulés humides qui ont tendance à s'agglomérer, les gaines 4 et demi gaines 6 ont une forme et une disposition précises au sein de la colonne de séchage.To allow optimum flow of the granules and avoid clogging of the dryer by the wet granules which tend to agglomerate, the sheaths 4 and half sheaths 6 have a precise shape and layout within the drying column.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, l'axe principal longitudinal (XX) des gaines 4 et demi-gaines 6 est perpendiculaire à la direction de l'écoulement des granulés dans le séchoir, les gaines 4 et demi gaines 6 sont disposées en quinconce au sein de la colonne de séchage et forment respectivement un losange 5 et un demi losange 7, tronqués dans leur partie inférieure. Les gaines 4 d'une part, et les demi-gaines 6 d'autre part possèdent, de plus une taille et une forme similaires entre elles.In the example shown in FIG. 2, the main longitudinal axis (XX) of the sheaths 4 and half-sheaths 6 is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the granules in the dryer, the sheaths 4 and half sheaths 6 are arranged staggered within the drying column and form respectively a rhombus 5 and a half rhombus 7, truncated in their lower part. The sheaths 4 on the one hand, and the half sheaths 6 on the other hand, have, moreover, a similar size and shape to each other.

Ainsi, l'espace ménagé entre les colonnes, au travers duquel les granulés progressent est approximativement constant, quelque soit le niveau considéré. Ainsi, dans leur progression les grains ne rencontrent aucun rétrécissement qui serait susceptible de les comprimer les uns contre les autres, tendant à les déformer ou à les agglomérer.Thus, the space between the columns, through which the granules progress is approximately constant, regardless of the level considered. Thus, in their progression, the grains do not encounter any narrowing that would be likely to compress them against each other, tending to deform or agglomerate.

Sur la figure 3 les flèches F représentent la direction d'écoulement des granulés à sécher.In FIG. 3, the arrows F represent the direction of flow of the granules to be dried.

L'air chaud et sec est introduit dans la direction G par les ouvertures 41 et 61 et l'air chargé d'humidité est évacué par les ouvertures 42 et 62.The hot dry air is introduced in the direction G through the openings 41 and 61 and the moisture-laden air is discharged through the openings 42 and 62.

Les flèches H représentent la circulation de l'air au sein des granulés.The arrows H represent the circulation of air within the granules.

Les gaines 4 représentées en coupe sur la figure 2, selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal longitudinal des gaines, forment un losange 5 tronqué en partie inférieure, possédant les dimensions suivantes :

  • L'espace A entre les sommets « supérieurs » de deux losanges est égal à 375 mm,
  • L'espace B entre les sommets « latéraux » de deux losanges est égal à 200mm
  • L'espace C entre les sommets « latéraux » d'une gaine et d'une demi-gaine est égal à 175mm
  • L'angle α du sommet supérieur de chaque losange est égal à 51°51'
  • La largeur maximale D d'un losange est égale à 134mm,
  • La troncature de chaque losange a une dimension E de 95mm.
  • Les demi gaines 7 ont des caractéristiques identiques à une gaine formée par coupure selon un axe vertical passant par son sommet.
The sheaths 4, shown in section in FIG. 2, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal main axis of the sheaths, form a truncated lozenge at the bottom, having the following dimensions:
  • The space A between the "superior" vertices of two lozenges is equal to 375 mm,
  • The space B between the "lateral" peaks of two lozenges is equal to 200mm
  • The space C between the "lateral" peaks of a sheath and a half-sheath is equal to 175 mm
  • The angle α of the top vertex of each diamond is equal to 51 ° 51 '
  • The maximum width D of a diamond is equal to 134 mm,
  • The truncation of each diamond has a dimension E of 95mm.
  • The half sheaths 7 have characteristics identical to a sheath formed by cutting along a vertical axis passing through its top.

Ces caractéristiques particulières, permettent un écoulement des granulés sensiblement constant sur toute la hauteur de la colonne de séchage 1.These particular characteristics allow a substantially constant flow of the granules over the entire height of the drying column 1.

La suite de la description concerne un essai de séchage de granulés mettant en oeuvre un procédé et un dispositif conformes à l'invention.The following description relates to a granule drying test using a method and a device according to the invention.

A) Caractéristiques du séchoir utilisé pour l'essaiA) Characteristics of the dryer used for the test 1.1 Colonne de séchage1.1 Drying column

Le séchoir comporte :

  • un caisson, dit de réserve, d'une hauteur de 1m,
  • six caissons de séchage de section 500mm x 555mm et de hauteur 500mm.
  • un caisson inférieur avec gaines de décompression,
  • un extracteur à 5 vis d'archimède.
The dryer comprises:
  • a box, called reserve, with a height of 1m,
  • six drying boxes of 500mm x 555mm section and 500mm height.
  • a lower box with decompression ducts,
  • an Archimedes screw extractor.

Les vis sont entraînées par un moto-réducteur commandé séquentiellement par un programmateur permettant de sélectionner un pourcentage de fonctionnement et donc de régler le débit d'extraction de produit.
Chaque caisson de séchage comporte deux rangées de gaines :

  • une rangée supérieure de 4 gaines et de 2 demi gaines,
  • une rangée inférieure de 5 gaines.
The screws are driven by a geared motor sequentially controlled by a programmer to select a percentage of operation and thus adjust the product extraction rate.
Each drying box has two rows of sheaths:
  • an upper row of 4 sheaths and 2 half sheaths,
  • a lower row of 5 sheaths.

L'entraxe des gaines est de 110 mm et l'épaisseur de couche est de 250 mm.The spacing of the ducts is 110 mm and the layer thickness is 250 mm.

Les caractéristiques du séchoir sont les suivantes :

  • volume d'une gaine :   0,0022m3,
  • section d'entrée :   1963 mm2,
  • section d'attaque du produit :   0,0275m2,
  • angle au sommet :   55°.
The characteristics of the dryer are as follows:
  • volume of a sheath: 0.0022m 3 ,
  • entrance section: 1963 mm 2 ,
  • leading section of the product: 0.0275m 2 ,
  • angle at the top: 55 °.

Les contenances des différents caissons sont les suivantes :

  • réserve :   0,278m3,
  • caissons de séchage   0,833m3,
  • caisson tampon inférieur   0,139m3,
  • volume total :   1,249m3.
  • volume des gaines par caisson :   0,022m3,
  • volume total utile de séchage :   0,701m3,
  • volume total utile :   1,106m3
  • volume total utile de séchage :   0,701m3
  • volume total utile :   1,106m3
  • coefficient de remplissage :   0,89.
The capacities of the various caissons are as follows:
  • Reserve: 0.278m 3 ,
  • drying chambers 0.833m 3 ,
  • lower buffer chamber 0,139m 3 ,
  • total volume: 1,249m 3 .
  • duct volume per box: 0.022m 3 ,
  • total useful volume of drying: 0.701m 3 ,
  • total useful volume: 1,106m 3
  • total useful volume of drying: 0.701m 3
  • total useful volume: 1,106m 3
  • filling coefficient: 0.89.

1.2 Ventilation - Production d'air chaud :1.2 Ventilation - Hot air production:

Chaque caisson de séchage est équipé d'un ventilateur centrifuge d'une puissance installée de 1,5kW et d'une batterie électrique d'une puissance de 7kW placée au refoulement. Une sonde de température est placée dans chaque caisson, et permet de mesurer la température d'air chaud. Des thermocouples sont installés dans chaque sortie pour permettre le contrôle de la température d'air usé. Un collecteur rassemble les sorties d'air usé. Il sert à mesurer le débit d'air global à l'aide d'une sonde anémométrique.Each drying chamber is equipped with a centrifugal fan with an installed power of 1.5kW and a 7kW electric battery placed at the discharge. A temperature sensor is placed in each box, and can measure the temperature of hot air. Thermocouples are installed in each outlet to allow control of the waste air temperature. A collector collects the exhaust air outlets. It is used to measure the overall air flow using an airspeed sensor.

Le séchoir comprend également un générateur d'air chaud complémentaire au fuel, alimentant l'aspiration des ventilateurs aux alentours de 100°C, de sorte qu'une température de 100°C soit obtenue à l'attaque du produit. Un extracteur pneumatique et des minuteries sont également installés.The dryer also includes a hot air generator complementary to the fuel, supplying the fans with suction at around 100 ° C, so that a temperature of 100 ° C is obtained when the product is attacked. A pneumatic extractor and timers are also installed.

1.3 Manutention1.3 Handling

Un élévateur équipé d'une trémie de chargement permet d'alimenter la colonne sécheuse.
Une bande transporteuse est disposée sous la sortie de l'extraction produit permet d'évacuer le produit sec vers un caisson que l'on peut peser pour mesurer le débit de produit.An elevator equipped with a loading hopper makes it possible to feed the column dryer.
A conveyor belt is disposed under the outlet of the extraction product allows to evacuate the dry product to a box that can be weighed to measure the product flow.

B. Contrôle des paramètresB. Control of parameters

Les mesures sont effectuées par un anémomètre sur le collecteur de sortie.

  • Diamètre du tuyau :   150mm
  • Section :   0,0177 m2
  • Vitesse moyenne mesurée :   21 m/s
  • Température mesurée :   5°C
  • Masse volumique à température :   1,27kg/m3
  • Débit volumique :   0,37m3/s
  • Débit massique :   1700kg/h
  • Débit spécifique :   2428kg/h.m3 de produit.
Measurements are made by an anemometer on the output manifold.
  • Pipe diameter: 150mm
  • Section: 0.0177 m 2
  • Average measured speed: 21 m / s
  • Measured temperature: 5 ° C
  • Density at temperature: 1,27kg / m 3
  • Flow rate: 0.37m 3 / s
  • Mass flow: 1700kg / h
  • Specific flow: 2428kg / hm 3 of product.

C. RésultatsC. Results

Les résultats obtenus sont regroupés dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous. Le séchage des granulés a été effectué avec une température de l'air ambiant de 7,5°C, et un débit d'air global de 1621 kg/heure.
La consommation d'énergie est répartie de la manière suivante :

  • Elévateur : 3 kW
  • Ventilateurs : 9 kW
  • Puissance totale 78 kW
  • Rendement thermique : 1,28 kWh/kg eau
  • Rendement global : 1,51 kWh/kg eau.
The results obtained are summarized in Table 1 below. The granules were dried at an ambient air temperature of 7.5 ° C, and an overall air flow rate of 1621 kg / hr.
The energy consumption is distributed as follows:
  • Elevator: 3 kW
  • Fans: 9 kW
  • Total power 78 kW
  • Thermal yield: 1.28 kWh / kg water
  • Overall yield: 1.51 kWh / kg water.

Comme on peut le constater sur le tableau 1, les granulés traités dans le séchoir et selon le procédé objet de l'invention, présentent une humidité de 6% avant séchage, et de 0,56% à la fin du séchage à la sortie du séchoir.As can be seen from Table 1, the granules treated in the dryer and according to the method that is the subject of the invention have a moisture content of 6% before drying, and 0.56% at the end of drying at the outlet of the dryer. dryer.

Dans la deuxième colonne du tableau, chaque case comprend deux valeurs de températures. La valeur notée en gras est la température de l'air entrant dans la colonne de séchage, par les gaines et la valeur notée en italique est la température de l'air sortant de la colonne de séchage. TABLEAU 1 Caisson Temp air chaud (°C) Temp Air extrait (°C) Humidité % Débit produit Kg/h Débit évap Kg eau/h Débit d'air Kg/h Delta x g eau/kg Taux saturation KW thermique KWh/kg eau Entrée 6,08 924 A 100,00 5,94 923 1,4 270 5,1 75% 7,0 5,1 37,50 B 175,17 5,08 915 8,4 270 31,0 95% 12,6 1,5 43,27 C 186,57 3,89 903 11,3 270 41,9 45% 13,5 1,2 56,97 D 178,83 2,78 893 10,3 270 38,2 12% 12,9 1,3 86,83 E 176,00 1,75 884 9,4 270 34,6 9% 12,7 1,4 91,70 F 100,00 0,79 875 8,5 270 31,6 11% 7,0 0,8 68,90 Sortie 0,56 873 2,0 TOTAL 51,3 1621 65,7 In the second column of the table, each box contains two temperature values. The value in bold is the temperature of the air entering the drying column, ducts and the value in italic is the temperature of the air leaving the drying column. <b> TABLE 1 </ b> box Warm air temp (° C) Extracted air temp (° C) Humidity % Product flow Kg / h Evap flow Kg water / h Air flow Kg / h Delta xg water / kg Saturation rate KW thermal KWh / kg water Entrance 6.08 924 AT 100.00 5.94 923 1.4 270 5.1 75% 7.0 5.1 37.50 B 175.17 5.08 915 8.4 270 31.0 95% 12.6 1.5 43.27 VS 186.57 3.89 903 11.3 270 41.9 45% 13.5 1.2 56.97 D 178.83 2.78 893 10.3 270 38.2 12% 12.9 1.3 86,83 E 176.00 1.75 884 9.4 270 34.6 9% 12.7 1.4 91.70 F 100.00 0.79 875 8.5 270 31.6 11% 7.0 0.8 68.90 Exit 0.56 873 2.0 TOTAL 51.3 1621 65.7

Claims (10)

Séchoir en continu pour granulés malléables avant séchage, obtenus à partir d'une poudre et d'un liant, ledit séchoir comprenant : - une colonne verticale de séchage (1), dans laquelle les granulés s'écoulent par gravité depuis le sommet de la colonne, jusqu'à la base de la colonne, - un moyen d'amenée d'air (2) dans la colonne de séchage (1), disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi de ladite colonne de séchage (1), - un moyen d'évacuation d'air usé (3) provenant de la colonne, disposé latéralement par rapport à une paroi de ladite colonne, opposée à la paroi associée au moyen d'amenée d'air (2), et - des gaines (4), disposées dans la colonne de séchage (1) entre les moyens d'amenée d'air (2) et d'évacuation d'air (3), des ouvertures (41, 42) étant aménagées dans les parois de la colonne de séchage (1), aux extrémités de ces gaines (4) pour les faire communiquer avec les moyens d'amenée d'air (2) et d'évacuation d'air usé (3), les gaines (4) formant un cylindre dont la droite génératrice dessine, dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal longitudinal (XX) dudit cylindre, un losange (5) tronqué dans sa partie inférieure, et caractérisé en ce que lesdites gaines sont disposées en quinconce au sein de la colonne de séchage (1) de sorte que l'espace au travers duquel les granulés s'écoulent est approximativement constant le long de la colonne, et en ce que ledit moyen d'amenée d'air est muni de moyens de contrôle de la température et de la vitesse,Continuous dryer for malleable granules prior to drying, obtained from a powder and a binder, said dryer comprising: a vertical drying column (1) in which the granules flow by gravity from the top of the column to the base of the column, a means for supplying air (2) to the drying column (1), arranged laterally with respect to a wall of said drying column (1), a means for discharging spent air (3) coming from the column, disposed laterally with respect to a wall of said column, opposite to the wall associated with the air supply means (2), and sheaths (4) disposed in the drying column (1) between the air supply means (2) and the air evacuation means (3), openings (41, 42) being arranged in the walls of the drying column (1), at the ends of these ducts (4) to communicate with the means for supplying air (2) and exhaust air (3), the ducts (4). ) forming a cylinder whose generating line draws, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal main axis (XX) of said cylinder, a diamond (5) truncated in its lower part, and characterized in that said sleeves are staggered within the drying column (1) so that the space through which the granules flow is approximately constant along the column, and in that said means the air intake is provided with means for controlling the temperature and the speed, Séchoir selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'axe principal longitudinal (XX) des gaines (4) est perpendiculaire à la direction de l'écoulement des granulés dans le séchoir.Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal main axis (XX) of the sheaths (4) is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the granules in the dryer. Séchoir selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités des gaines (4), en contact avec les parois de la colonne de séchage (1) sont équipées, dans leur partie supérieure, de déflecteurs permettant de guider l'écoulement des granulés vers le centre de la colonne de séchage (1).Dryer according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the ends of the sheaths (4), in contact with the walls of the drying column (1), are equipped at their upper part with baffles for guiding the flow of the granules towards the center of the drying column (1). Séchoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque gaine (4) possède une section de forme et de taille identiques.Drier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each sheath (4) has a section of identical shape and size. Séchoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur des moyens d'amenée d'air (2) et de sortie d'air (3) est disposé au moins un plancher étanche aux gaz, permettant de diviser chacun des moyens d'amenée d'air (2) et de sortie d'air (3) en au moins deux compartiments, séparés de façon étanche, de sorte à pouvoir contrôler, dans chaque compartiment, la température et la vitesse d'amenée d'air dans la colonne de séchage (1) et d'évacuation d'air usé de la colonne de séchage (1).Dryer according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the air supply means (2) and the air outlet means (3) are provided with at least one gas-tight floor , making it possible to divide each of the air supply means (2) and the air outlet means (3) in at least two compartments, separated in a sealed manner, so as to be able to control, in each compartment, the temperature and the air supply rate in the drying column (1) and exhaust air outlet of the drying column (1). Installation de fabrication de granulés à partir de matière première en poudre, en particulier pour la fabrication de compléments minéraux pour le sol ou l'alimentation animale, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - des moyens de mélange d'au moins une matière première en poudre avec un liant sous forme liquide ; - des moyens de mise en forme dudit mélange de poudre et de liant pour conformer ce mélange en un cordon cylindrique de diamètre défini ; - des moyens de cisaillement aptes à fabriquer des granulés en sectionnant ledit cordon cylindrique selon des tronçons de longueur voisine de leur diamètre ; - des moyens aptes à faire rouler les granulés obtenus sur eux-mêmes pour leur conférer une forme générale arrondie ou sensiblement arrondie ; et, - un séchoir selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 apte à sécher lesdits granulés arrondies. Plant for the production of granules from powdered raw material, in particular for the manufacture of mineral supplements for soil or animal feed, characterized in that it comprises: means for mixing at least one powdered raw material with a binder in liquid form; - Shaping means of said mixture of powder and binder to form the mixture into a cylindrical bead of defined diameter; shearing means capable of producing granules by cutting said cylindrical bead into sections of length close to their diameter; - Means adapted to roll the granules obtained on themselves to give them a generally rounded or substantially rounded shape; and, - A dryer according to one of claims 1 to 5 adapted to dry said rounded granules. Procédé de séchage de granulés obtenus à partir de matière première en poudre et d'un liant sous forme liquide, caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé comprend les étapes successives suivantes : (a) un traitement thermique des granulés par de l'air dont la température est comprise entre 80 et 100°C, pendant 10 à 30 minutes, (b) un traitement thermique des granulés par de l'air dont la température est comprise entre 130 et 220°C, pendant 30 à 120 minutes, et (c) un traitement thermique des granulés par de l'air dont la température est comprise entre 80°C et 175°C pendant 30 à 60 minutes, de sorte que, à l'issue du traitement, les granulés présentent une humidité relative inférieure ou égale à 5% .A process for drying granules obtained from powdered raw material and a binder in liquid form, characterized in that said process comprises the following successive steps: (a) a thermal treatment of the granules with air, the temperature of which is between 80 and 100 ° C., for 10 to 30 minutes, (b) a thermal treatment of the granules with air, the temperature of which is between 130 and 220 ° C, for 30 to 120 minutes, and (c) a thermal treatment of the granules with air whose temperature is between 80 ° C and 175 ° C for 30 to 60 minutes, so that, at the end of the treatment, the granules have a relative humidity of less than or equal to 5%. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé comprend une étape (d) de refroidissement à l'issue de l'étape (c), consistant à traiter les granulés par de l'air à température ambiante, jusqu'à ce que les granulés atteignent une température de 30 à 60 °C.Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the said process comprises a step (d) of cooling after step (c), consisting in treating the granules with air at ambient temperature, until that the granules reach a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C. Procédé de fabrication de granulés à partir de matière première en poudre, en particulier pour la fabrication de compléments minéraux pour le sol ou l'alimentation animale, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : - à mélanger au moins une matière première en poudre avec un liant sous forme liquide ; - à soumettre ledit mélange de poudre et de liant à l'action d'un dispositif de mise en forme pour le conformer en cordon cylindrique de diamètre défini ; - à fabriquer des granulés en sectionnant ledit cordon cylindrique selon des tronçons de longueur voisine de leur diamètre ; - à faire rouler les granulés obtenus sur eux-mêmes pour leur conférer une forme générale arrondie ou sensiblement arrondie ; et, - à sécher les granulés en mettant en oeuvre un procédé de séchage selon la revendication 7 ou la revendication 8. Process for producing granules from powdered raw material, in particular for the manufacture of mineral supplements for soil or animal feed, characterized in that it consists of: - mixing at least one powdered raw material with a binder in liquid form; subjecting said mixture of powder and binder to the action of a shaping device to form it into a cylindrical bead of defined diameter; - To manufacture granules by cutting said cylindrical bead in sections of length close to their diameter; - To roll the granules obtained on themselves to give them a generally rounded or substantially rounded shape; and, drying the granules by carrying out a drying process according to claim 7 or claim 8. Utilisation d'un séchoir tel que défini selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, pour sécher des granulés comprenant au moins 90% en poids, par rapport au poids total du liant, d'un produit en poudre, et le complément en poids étant constitué d'un liant liquide.Use of a dryer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, for drying granules comprising at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the binder, of a powder product, and the complement in weight being made of a liquid binder.
EP07300785.8A 2006-02-09 2007-02-09 Device and method for drying granules based on powder and binder Active EP1818636B1 (en)

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FR0650472A FR2897148B1 (en) 2006-02-09 2006-02-09 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DRYING POWDER AND BINDER GRANULES

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3023452B1 (en) 2014-07-11 2016-07-08 Prp Holding USE OF AN ORGANO-MINERAL COMPOSITION TO INCREASE THE ASSIMILATION OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS OF SOIL BY THE PLANT

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US3172823A (en) * 1965-03-09 Process for hardening carbonaceous briquettes
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FR821091A (en) * 1937-01-30 1937-11-26 Thomas Robinson & Son Ltd Improvements to drying and packaging machines for cereals
FR991916A (en) * 1949-06-24 1951-10-11 Ingbureauen Machf Sluis Drying device for wheat and similar products
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GB1172523A (en) * 1966-01-28 1969-12-03 Ransomes Sims & Jeffries Ltd Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Drying of Grain or other Granular Material
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FR2897148A1 (en) 2007-08-10
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