EP2307178B1 - Equipment for producing granules from plants - Google Patents

Equipment for producing granules from plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2307178B1
EP2307178B1 EP09772665A EP09772665A EP2307178B1 EP 2307178 B1 EP2307178 B1 EP 2307178B1 EP 09772665 A EP09772665 A EP 09772665A EP 09772665 A EP09772665 A EP 09772665A EP 2307178 B1 EP2307178 B1 EP 2307178B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot air
unit
production
dryer
gac
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EP09772665A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2307178A2 (en
Inventor
Alain Lejosne
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F26B1/005—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids by means of disintegrating, e.g. crushing, shredding, milling the materials to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F26B11/0436—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis comprising multiple stages, e.g. multiple rotating drums subsequently receiving the material to be dried; Provisions for heat recuperation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B19/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups F26B9/00 - F26B17/00
    • F26B19/005—Self-contained mobile devices, e.g. for agricultural produce
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/028—Heating arrangements using combustion heating using solid fuel; burning the dried product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/24—Wood particles, e.g. shavings, cuttings, saw dust

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing granules from plants in particular in the form of remnants, trunks, or branches, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an apparatus for treating a woody material is known from document JP2006231712A .
  • the patent FR-A-2491491 describes a facility for converting woody waste into combustible granules, which comprises: a boiler fed with crushed bark from a silo with crushed bark; a drier fed by the combustion gases of the boiler and / or by the cooling air of the boiler exchanger, and in moist sawdust, from a damp sawdust silo; a cyclone separating sawdust and fumes; a dry sawdust silo connected via a metering box, a mill, and a mixer to a pelletizer, the outlet of which discharges into a sieve cooler device discharging the granules into an elevator, and granular storage silos.
  • a disadvantage of such an installation is that it has a large footprint.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for transforming plants into granules, the compactness of which is improved.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for producing granules from plants which is improved and / or which remedies, in part at least, the shortcomings or disadvantages of known devices for producing plant pellets.
  • an apparatus for treating a wood material comprising a unit for producing agglomerated wood material particles and a production unit. hot air from the ligneous material, the hot air used for drying the particles of the ligneous material, the two production units being mounted on one (or more) structure (s) carrier (s) elongated (s) mobile (s) ( s).
  • a plant treatment apparatus comprising at least one dryer arranged to deliver dry sawdust and a compactor arranged to deliver dry sawdust granules, in which the input of the compactor is connected, directly, ie without intermediate silo, at the outlet of the dryer to receive dry sawdust, and wherein the dryer and the compactor are mounted on at least one movable frame (movable) arranged to rest - or resting - on the ground;
  • the plant treatment apparatus further comprises a hot air generator having a heat source, such as a furnace, and an air transport structure, such as a bundle of tubes, which is arranged to be heated by the source of heat while isolating from this source the air it carries, to prevent the entrainment of flammable particles or compounds by the air transported by this structure.
  • an apparatus for producing granules from plants comprising at least one dryer capable of delivering dry sawdust and a compactor capable of delivering dry sawdust granules, wherein the dryer is arranged to deliver substantially continuously dry sawdust to the compactor, and wherein the dryer and the compactor are mounted on at least one frame adapted to rest - or resting - on the ground via feet or wheels.
  • an apparatus for producing granules from slags, trunks, or branches comprising a first dryer capable of drying chips, a crusher capable of grinding dried chips to deliver sawdust, a second dryer capable of drying sawdust and delivering dry sawdust, and a compactor capable of compacting dry sawdust and delivering dry sawdust granules, in which the first dryer makes it possible to ensure a substantially continuous transfer mill-dried chips in which the mill provides a substantially continuous transfer of milled chips (sawdust) to the second dryer, wherein the second dryer provides substantially continuous transfer of dry sawdust to compactor, and wherein the first and second dryers, the crusher, and the compactor are mounted on at least one frame adapted to rest - or resting - on the ground via retractable stabilizers or wheels.
  • the invention makes it possible to easily and efficiently treat various types of plants, in particular plants with a humidity of the order of 60 to 75%.
  • An apparatus preferably incorporates all the organs / components for the production of granules, from the reception of the slash, trunks and branches, to granules packaged bag, big bag, or bulk.
  • the invention makes it possible to ensure the mobility of this apparatus for producing granules, the compactness and the reduced size of the apparatus making it possible to integrate its components on a mobile frame and / or on a road trailer.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce transport costs by making it possible to install the apparatus according to the invention in the vicinity of a plant collection zone, for example in a clearing.
  • An apparatus according to the invention may for example have a production capacity of 1 ton of granules per hour.
  • the unidirectional arrows with solid lines represent the flow of wood particles transferred from one organ to another, using a transfer member such as a conveyor, or directly - without a transfer member - to from a first shredder D1 to an EMB packing station of the granules.
  • One-and-one double-headed unidirectional arrow represents the water leaving a COND condenser.
  • the dotted line unidirectional arrows represent the flow of wood particles transferred from one organ to another, using a transfer member such as a conveyor, or directly - without a transfer member - to from a second shredder D2 to a CEN ash recovery station resulting from the combustion of these particles in the GAC hot air generator.
  • the unidirectional arrows with mixed line represent the flow of air transported from one organ to another, under the impulse of a motor member such as a fan V1, V2, the air flowing in particular in ducts or chambers transport.
  • the bidirectional arrows with solid lines represent the signal flows and / or measurement, control and / or control data exchanged by a control unit UC and sensors or actuators integrated into the components of the apparatus.
  • the unidirectional unidirectional arrows which are respectively parallel to the longitudinal axes of the dryers S1, S2.
  • cooler REF, and conveyor C2 indicate the direction of movement of the wood particles in / on these bodies.
  • the apparatus comprises two shredders operating "in parallel": a first shredder D1 shreds slash and produces chips for the production of granules; a second shredder D2 shreds low-value remnants and produces shredded wood used as fuel to produce hot air for drying wood particles from the first shredder.
  • Each shredder D1, D2 respectively feeds a container T1, T2 buffer storage.
  • intermediate storage units T1, T2 make it possible to stabilize the continuous production of granules, in cooperation with two motorized and regulated conveyors C1, C2, placed at the outlet of these containers, and controlled by the control unit UC.
  • the shredded wood used for the production of granules must be freed from "impurities” (dust, sand, stones, etc.), to guarantee its quality and to avoid damaging the mechanism of the device.
  • impurities dust, sand, stones, etc.
  • the wood can be filtered, for example by vibrating and sieving, and / or can be separated from the impurities by floating and stirring in a settling tank (reference 4, figure 5 ).
  • Drying of the wood particles is carried out in two tunnels S1, S2 of drying equipped with "worm” and conjugating four simultaneous actions: conveying, mixing, drying, and confinement of the particles of wood.
  • the apparatus Before being packaged, the granules produced must be cooled;
  • the apparatus includes a REF tunnel ( Fig. 1 and 5 ) of cooling conveying the compaction / granulation granules to the conditioning station.
  • the air to be heated by the GAC furnace ( Fig. 1 , 2 and 4 ) is "sucked" through the REF tunnel where it is preheated by recovering the calories released by the pellets.
  • the suction also produces a depression favoring the cooling of the granules.
  • the components of a mobile device according to the invention in particular the dryers, the cooler and the generator GAC are arranged on a frame 38, 39 common so as to cause, for hot air and wood particles, a path in "zigzag” following a pattern of "back and forth". This implantation makes it possible to bring the inputs and outputs closer to the members carrying out the successive operations of the treatment method.
  • the heated air circulates from one tunnel to another thanks to transfer chambers / ducts that channel the air with little leakage. This configuration makes it possible to use a single stream of hot air.
  • the hot air needed for drying can be produced by a traditional generator running on gas, fuel oil, or electrical energy
  • the hot air is advantageously produced by a furnace (GAC) in which burnt slags are burned. low value.
  • the hot air generator comprises an air transport structure consisting of a bundle of tubes, which is heated by the heat source and isolates the air it carries from this source, in order to avoid the training flammable particles or compounds.
  • This furnace has an elongated shape and dimensions that are close to those of three conveyor tunnels S1, S2, REF, which facilitates the side-by-side integration of these components on a common mobile frame.
  • the flue gas outlet of the GAC generator may be equipped with a LAV separator combining, for example, a cyclonic suction with a film of centrifuged water.
  • the residual moisture content of the wood particles varies, from one drying tunnel to another, depending in particular on the conveying speed of the wood particles in the tunnels.
  • the transit time of the wood particles in each tunnel can be of the order of one hour.
  • the speed of conveying the particles through the tunnels can be adjusted by the unit UC controlling the tunnel drive motors, to ensure a residual moisture of the granules in a range from about 10% to about 15%, and thereby promote the cohesion of the granules.
  • the chip transport speed in the first dryer S1 is adjusted to ensure a relative humidity of the dried chips of the order of 20%, which then makes it possible to finely grind the dried chips without causing jamming, and the speed of transport of the sawdust in the second dryer S2 is adjusted to ensure a relative humidity of the dried sawdust of the order of 8 to 12%, which facilitates its subsequent compaction.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is preferably equipped with an electric generator supplying the organs (grinders, compactor, tunnels) of the apparatus.
  • the electrical energy is produced by a generator using the heat generated by the furnace, for example in the form of water vapor.
  • the frame of the unit is equipped with gangways facilitating maintenance and troubleshooting operations at "man's height". These walkways equipped with guardrails can be retractable to limit the width of the device to the road gauge.
  • the granule packaging members are adapted to the size of the desired packaging, or blown to a bulk storage container installed on a truck or a second trailer.
  • the carrying structure 38, 39 of the apparatus comprises a retractable platform hatch type, placed at one end of the frame, to facilitate the handling and packaging operations.
  • An apparatus may comprise a fire extinguishing system consisting essentially of a water reserve, a pump and a spraying circuit.
  • the pump can be driven by a heat engine and connected on the one hand to a semi-rigid pipe reel, on the other hand to sprinklers.
  • the water supply can be used to feed the settling tank, the scrubber, and the extinguishing system.
  • All the equipment of the apparatus according to the invention can be fixed on a false frame 39 ( Fig. 7 ) that can be attached to a trailer 38 ( Fig. 8 ) or a truck.
  • the subframe may be equipped with stabilizer pads 40 ( Fig. 7 ) whose bearing surface is sufficiently wide to avoid sinking into the ground.
  • the subframe can be detached from its rolling support, thanks to fast unlocking fasteners and stabilizing jacks for lifting and releasing its rolling medium, a trailer for example. This separation makes it possible to use the mobile support for other purposes.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can be operated on its mobile support.
  • the tires can be protected from heat by heat shields.
  • a part of the apparatus forms a unit - or line - LPGcont of continuous production of sawdust pellets; this unit comprises a shredder D1 which reduces the remnants and trunks of a section less than 25 cm for example, shredded or medium chips, for example 10 to 15 mm thick.
  • An ejection ramp of the shredder D1 leads to a buffer storage tank T1 whose volume can be of the order of 1 m3, or about 30 minutes of consumption of the LPGcont line.
  • the shredded woods are extracted in the lower part of this tray by a conveyor 3 ( figure 5 ) whose feed rate is adjusted to the desired production capacity by the CPU unit.
  • the conveyor 3 feeds a water decanter 4 equipped with a stirrer (not shown) which precipitates the dense particles (stones, sand, metals, etc.) to separate them from the chips.
  • This decanter has a worm (not shown) scraping the bottom to remove dense particles.
  • a perforated conveyor C1 serving as a drainer transfers the chips to the first drying tunnel S1.
  • the drying tunnel / conveyor S1 which is substantially identical to the tunnels S2 and REF, incorporates a conveyor worm ensuring the advancement and mixing of the wood particles.
  • the dryers S1, S2, and the cooler REF each comprise an elongate hollow cylindrical body rotatably mounted along their respective horizontal longitudinal axis 50, 51, 52.
  • Each hollow body delimits a tubular transfer chamber adapted to contain the chips. or sawdust - to dry, respectively the granules to be cooled.
  • the inner face of the wall of the hollow body is provided with protruding portions 53 ( figure 3 ) extending along a helical path whose axis is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, these projecting parts making it possible to cause, by the rotation of the hollow body along its axis, the transfer along this axis of the particles - chips, sawdust, or granules - contained in the tubular enclosure.
  • the driers and the cooler extend parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 of the frame, one above and one next to the other.
  • the length of the cylindrical hollow body (or drum) of the driers and its adjustable rotational speed make it possible to regulate the transit time and therefore the drying time.
  • the first tunnel S1 leads to a refining mill BR ( Fig. 3 and 5 ) reducing the dried shredded wood chips to particles of which the thickness can be of the order of 1 to 2 mm, which are considered as sawdust.
  • a refining mill BR Fig. 3 and 5
  • the output of this mill is equipped with a cyclone with ejection nozzle introducing the sawdust into the second tunnel S2.
  • the S2 tunnel brews and dries the sawdust at a temperature adjustable from 200 to 700 ° C, and conveys it to the COM granulator / compactor.
  • the COM granulator is equipped with compression rollers and can aggregate the sawdust into granules 8 to 10 mm in diameter and 15 to 20 mm long, for example.
  • An ejection ramp of the granulator introduces the granules into the cooling tunnel REF.
  • the REF tunnel brews the granules and cools them by evacuating the calories by contact with the air sucked by the fan V1.
  • the sucked air circulating against the current of the granules causes effective cooling and separates and carries with it the dust coming off the granules.
  • the REF tunnel opens on a distributor to select the packaging by means of a pivoting deflector (not shown) manually operated for example, which allows to direct the granules, either in a bagger 12 or in a bag (“Big-Bag”) .
  • the bagger 12 ( figure 3 ) may have a "measuring silo" calibrating the volume of the bag and may automatically perform the operations of calibration, filling, and closing.
  • the handling platform 13 is part of the EMB packaging station allowing an operator to perform / control several complementary operations: shaping and closing bags, filling a first bag controlled by a scale to calibrate the filling, the scale being integrated into a support frame of the EMB station; preparing and supporting a second bag receiving the granules after filling the first bag.
  • a handling arm equipped with a suction grip member may be provided to assist the operator to stack the bags on a pallet.
  • a turntable 15 ( figure 7 receiving a pallet makes it possible, once the pallet loaded with bags of granules, to turn it on itself to film it.
  • a plastic film unwinding column combines the rotary motion of the tray 15 with a bottom-up motion of a roll of plastic film.
  • a second part of the apparatus forms a unit - or line - for the production of hot air.
  • This unit comprises the second shredder D2 of a capacity less than that of the shredder D1, which reduces shreds remnants or chips.
  • An ejection ramp of this shredder opens on the buffer storage container T2 for stabilizing the heat energy produced by the furnace.
  • the shredded woods are extracted, in the lower part of this tank T2, by a conveyor C2, to feed the furnace.
  • the forward speed of the conveyor C2 is adjusted by the unit UC to maintain the temperature of the drying air leaving the furnace at a value, for example, close to 350 ° C., in particular to a value slightly less than 350 ° C. C when the plants to be dried contain easily flammable compounds.
  • the furnace / generator GAC is connected to the dryers to circulate hot air and dry chips - respectively sawdust -.
  • the hot air generator comprises a hollow cylindrical body elongated along a longitudinal axis 55 ( Fig. 4 horizontal parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 of the frame, below the dryers and along the cooler REF.
  • the hot air generator comprises a bundle 23 of tubes parallel to its longitudinal axis, a first end of each tube communicating with the ambient air, and a second end of each tube communicating with the second dryer to enter the air heated in the generator.
  • the hot air generator has an elongate shaped hearth along its longitudinal axis, the hearth receiving a transport conveyor Ctrans which extends parallel to this axis, which passes through the generator GAC and receives the shredded wood unloaded by the conveyor C2.
  • the C2 and Ctrans conveyors isolate the T2 buffer stock from the furnace to avoid transmitting the fire.
  • the conveyor Ctrans distributes the fuel over the entire length of the fireplace, its upper face, “on the go”, and scrapes the CEN ash to evacuate, by its underside, "return".
  • the C2 and Ctrans conveyors are controlled by the UC control unit with the same forward speed.
  • the GAC furnace has a combustion chamber at the bottom of it all along its length. This chamber has holes spaced at equal distances to fan the fire, through the conveyor that moves the fuel.
  • An activating fan V2 pulses fresh air into the combustion chamber at a rate that optimizes the combustion of the slash and reduces the ash volume.
  • the drying air fan V1 feeds the "organ” or beam 23 of longitudinal tubes with a large heat exchange surface, which is placed in the upper part of the furnace.
  • the fumes produced by the furnace are channeled into a chimney evacuating in the upper part of the device.
  • Smoked escarbils are removed and precipitated by an LAV separator (washer).
  • the scrubber and the fan V2 can be coupled to a common drive shaft.
  • the smoke extraction is carried out in a room placed above the organ, along the entire length of the furnace.
  • the fan V1 placed at the exit of the tunnel REF sucks the air preheated in the tunnel, producing a depression favoring the cooling of the granules.
  • a transfer chamber 26 integrates the fan V1 injecting air into the organ of the furnace.
  • a transfer chamber 27 channels the hot air leaving the organ of the furnace GAC to the tunnel S2.
  • a transfer chamber 28 channels the hot air leaving tunnel S2 to tunnel S1. In its lower part, this room has a hatch for removing sawdust to feed the COM compactor.
  • a chamber 29 evacuates the hot and humid air from the tunnel S1 to the outside, via a condenser COND. In its lower part, this room has a hatch for evacuation of shredded woods to feed the refining mill BR.
  • an electric power generation unit which comprises a generator unit supplying the equipment of the apparatus, and a fuel tank.
  • a control panel (not shown) connected to the electronic control and control unit UC makes it possible to display: a block diagram of the apparatus identifying the location of the electrical components and their control; safety signs (temperature, water level, fuel, defects); the results of electronic measurements (weight of the treated materials in input and output in particular).
  • the production control automation UC controls the forward speeds of conveyors and tunnels to maintain the hourly production capacity at the desired value.
  • the forward speed can be slaved to the continuous weighing of the shredded wood, measured on the conveyor C1 at the outlet of the decanter.
  • the forward speed can be slaved to the drying air temperature, especially in the transient start and stop phases of the unit.
  • a regulation of the drying air temperature makes it possible to maintain a regular temperature in the drying tunnels S1 and S2.
  • the moisture content required for good cohesion of the granules is measured in the sawdust before compacting, by measuring the electrical conductivity of the sawdust between metal electrodes in contact with the sawdust contained in the tunnel S2.
  • Maintaining this moisture content in a desired range of values may for example be obtained by controlling a motorized valve for controlling the evacuation of the water vapor contained in the tunnel S2, and / or by variation automatic temperature set point in the tunnel (s), and therefore the temperature of the drying air produced by the furnace.
  • a fire safety unit comprising a tank 35, a pump 34 and a spraying device 36.
  • the pump 34 can deliver a flow rate of water of the order of 250 l / min under a pressure of the order of 6 bar to simultaneously supply one or more sprayer booms, where appropriate with injection of an additive.
  • a water tank 35 of a volume of the order of 3 m3 can be partitioned to avoid unbalance during the movement of the device.
  • Ramps equipped with spray nozzles 36 may be powered by manual valves or by solenoid valves controlled by thermal detectors.
  • the apparatus comprises a chassis 38 of a road trailer which supports the pellet production unit, the hot air production unit, as well as the energy production and fire safety units, by the intermediate of a false frame 39 which receives all the equipment and intermediate support structures (frames, etc.).
  • a locking system of the subframe on the trailer allows to deposit the false frame supporting the device and release the trailer for other uses.
  • This false frame is provided with hydraulic cylinders 40 to make it rest stably on the ground.
  • the stabilizers 40 can be coupled to each other by a central unit to equalize the load and correct the attitude of the device.
  • the subframe is lined with collapsible bridges 41 which allow maintenance operations. These bridges have guardrails and access stairs. The whole folds vertically so as not to exceed the road gauge.
  • a tailgate 42 is a packing platform provided with railings and a folding access staircase.
  • This hatchback incorporates a turntable 15 receiving a loading pallet bags of granules.
  • the rotation of the plate facilitates the installation of a plastic film on the pallet.
  • the structure has side louvers 43 deployable horizontally by jacks to house operators and weather equipment.
  • These canopies can serve as impluviums when, as illustrated figure 7 , their surface is inclined toward the center of the apparatus, the central portion may include a rainwater collection channel refueling the fire safety tank.
  • Awnings can incorporate a condensation circuit of water vapor produced by the drying of wood particles.
  • the walls of awnings may consist of a sandwich of 2 sheets, one of which has a succession of folds biased, promoting - in addition to strengthening the awning - the condensation of steam, its flow and collection end front and back awnings.
  • the supply of awnings in water vapor can be carried out by the middle of the awnings, thus defining 4 zones of condensation.
  • Condensed water vapor in canopies can be used to fill the water tank and / or feed the scrubber and the settling tank.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de production de granulés à partir de végétaux se présentant en particulier sous la forme de rémanents, troncs, ou branchages, selon le préambule de la revendication 1. un tel appareil de traitement d'un matériau ligneux est connu du document JP2006231712A . Le brevet FR-A-2491491 décrit une installation de transformation de déchets ligneux en granulés combustibles qui comporte : une chaudière alimentée en écorces broyées à partir d'un silo à écorces broyées; un sécheur alimenté par les gaz de combustion de la chaudière et/ou par l'air de refroidissement de l'échangeur de la chaudière, et en sciures humides, à partir d'un silo à sciures humides ; un cyclone de séparation des sciures et des fumées ; un silo à sciures sèches relié par l'intermédiaire d'un caisson de dosage, d'un broyeur, et d'un mélangeur à une presse à granuler, dont la sortie débouche dans un dispositif refroidisseur tamiseur déversant les granulés dans un élévateur, et des silos de stockage des granulés.The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing granules from plants in particular in the form of remnants, trunks, or branches, according to the preamble of claim 1. such an apparatus for treating a woody material is known from document JP2006231712A . The patent FR-A-2491491 describes a facility for converting woody waste into combustible granules, which comprises: a boiler fed with crushed bark from a silo with crushed bark; a drier fed by the combustion gases of the boiler and / or by the cooling air of the boiler exchanger, and in moist sawdust, from a damp sawdust silo; a cyclone separating sawdust and fumes; a dry sawdust silo connected via a metering box, a mill, and a mixer to a pelletizer, the outlet of which discharges into a sieve cooler device discharging the granules into an elevator, and granular storage silos.

Un inconvénient d'une telle installation est qu'elle présente un encombrement important.A disadvantage of such an installation is that it has a large footprint.

Un appareil mobile de production de granulés à partir de branches et de feuilles a été décrit dans le brevet JP-A-2006231712 , qui comporte un broyeur, un sécheur, et un appareil de production de granulés. A la connaissance de l'inventeur, cet appareil ne permet cependant ni de traiter des végétaux présentant une humidité élevée, ni de traiter des végétaux comportant des composés inflammables tels que des « essences térébenthines ».A mobile device for producing pellets from branches and leaves has been described in the patent JP-A-2006231712 which comprises a grinder, a dryer, and a pelletizer. To the inventor's knowledge, however, this apparatus neither makes it possible to treat plants with high humidity, nor to treat plants containing flammable compounds such as "turpentine spirits".

Un objectif de l'invention est de proposer un appareil de transformation de végétaux en granulés, dont la compacité soit améliorée.An object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for transforming plants into granules, the compactness of which is improved.

Un objectif de l'invention est de proposer un appareil de production de granulés à partir de végétaux qui soit amélioré et/ou qui remédie, en partie au moins, aux lacunes ou inconvénients des dispositifs connus de production de granulés végétaux.An object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for producing granules from plants which is improved and / or which remedies, in part at least, the shortcomings or disadvantages of known devices for producing plant pellets.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un appareil de traitement d'un matériau ligneux comportant une unité de production de particules du matériau ligneux agglomérées ainsi qu'une unité de production d'air chaud à partir du matériau ligneux, l'air chaud servant au séchage des particules du matériau ligneux, les deux unités de production étant montées sur une (ou plusieurs) structure(s) porteuse(s) allongée(s) mobile(s).According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating a wood material comprising a unit for producing agglomerated wood material particles and a production unit. hot air from the ligneous material, the hot air used for drying the particles of the ligneous material, the two production units being mounted on one (or more) structure (s) carrier (s) elongated (s) mobile (s) ( s).

Selon l'invention, il est proposé un appareil de traitement de végétaux comportant au moins un sécheur agencé pour délivrer de la sciure sèche et un compacteur agencé pour délivrer des granulés de sciure sèche, dans lequel l'entrée du compacteur est reliée, directement, i.e. sans silo intermédiaire, à la sortie du sécheur pour en recevoir la sciure sèche, et dans lequel le sécheur et le compacteur sont montés sur au moins un châssis déplaçable (mobile) agencé pour reposer - ou reposant - sur le sol ; l'appareil de traitement de végétaux comporte en outre un générateur d'air chaud comportant une source de chaleur, telle qu'une fournaise, et une structure de transport d'air, telle qu'un faisceau de tubes, qui est arrangée pour être chauffée par la source de chaleur tout en isolant de cette source l'air qu'elle transporte, afin d'éviter l'entraînement de particules ou composés inflammables par l'air transporté par cette structure.According to the invention, there is provided a plant treatment apparatus comprising at least one dryer arranged to deliver dry sawdust and a compactor arranged to deliver dry sawdust granules, in which the input of the compactor is connected, directly, ie without intermediate silo, at the outlet of the dryer to receive dry sawdust, and wherein the dryer and the compactor are mounted on at least one movable frame (movable) arranged to rest - or resting - on the ground; the plant treatment apparatus further comprises a hot air generator having a heat source, such as a furnace, and an air transport structure, such as a bundle of tubes, which is arranged to be heated by the source of heat while isolating from this source the air it carries, to prevent the entrainment of flammable particles or compounds by the air transported by this structure.

Toujours l'invention, il est proposé un appareil de production de granulés à partir de végétaux, l'appareil comportant au moins un sécheur apte à délivrer de la sciure sèche et un compacteur apte à délivrer des granulés de sciure sèche, dans lequel le sécheur est agencé pour délivrer sensiblement continûment la sciure sèche au compacteur, et dans lequel le sécheur et le compacteur sont montés sur au moins un châssis apte à reposer - ou reposant - sur le sol par l'intermédiaire de pieds ou de roues.Still the invention, there is provided an apparatus for producing granules from plants, the apparatus comprising at least one dryer capable of delivering dry sawdust and a compactor capable of delivering dry sawdust granules, wherein the dryer is arranged to deliver substantially continuously dry sawdust to the compactor, and wherein the dryer and the compactor are mounted on at least one frame adapted to rest - or resting - on the ground via feet or wheels.

En particulier et selon l'invention, il est proposé un appareil de production de granulés à partir de rémanents, troncs, ou branchages, l'appareil comportant un premier sécheur apte à sécher des copeaux, un broyeur apte à broyer des copeaux séchés pour délivrer de la sciure, un second sécheur apte à sécher de la sciure et délivrer de la sciure sèche, et un compacteur apte à compacter la sciure sèche et délivrer des granulés de sciure sèche, dans lequel le premier sécheur permet d'assurer un transfert sensiblement continu de copeaux séchés au broyeur, dans lequel le broyeur permet d'assurer un transfert sensiblement continu de copeaux broyés (sciure) au second sécheur, dans lequel le second sécheur permet d'assurer un transfert sensiblement continu de sciure sèche au compacteur, et dans lequel les premier et second sécheurs, le broyeur, et le compacteur sont montés sur au moins un châssis apte à reposer - ou reposant - sur le sol par l'intermédiaire de stabilisateurs rétractables ou de roues.In particular and according to the invention, there is provided an apparatus for producing granules from slags, trunks, or branches, the apparatus comprising a first dryer capable of drying chips, a crusher capable of grinding dried chips to deliver sawdust, a second dryer capable of drying sawdust and delivering dry sawdust, and a compactor capable of compacting dry sawdust and delivering dry sawdust granules, in which the first dryer makes it possible to ensure a substantially continuous transfer mill-dried chips in which the mill provides a substantially continuous transfer of milled chips (sawdust) to the second dryer, wherein the second dryer provides substantially continuous transfer of dry sawdust to compactor, and wherein the first and second dryers, the crusher, and the compactor are mounted on at least one frame adapted to rest - or resting - on the ground via retractable stabilizers or wheels.

Selon l'invention, il est proposé un appareil conforme à la revendication 1.According to the invention, there is provided an apparatus according to claim 1.

Selon des modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention :

  • l'appareil peut comporter en outre un déchiqueteur apte à déchiqueter des rémanents, troncs, ou branchages, et à produire des copeaux ; le déchiqueteur est de préférence monté sur le(les) châssis ;
  • l'appareil peut comporter en outre un refroidisseur de granulés qui est alimenté par le compacteur et permet de délivrer des granulés refroidis à - un poste d'emballage ou d'évacuation ; le refroidisseur est de préférence monté sur le(les) châssis ;
  • le(s) sécheur(s), et le cas échéant le refroidisseur, peu(ven)t comporter un corps cylindrique creux allongé monté rotatif (par rapport au(x) châssis) selon son axe longitudinal qui est sensiblement horizontal, i.e. peu incliné par rapport à un plan horizontal ; le corps creux délimite une enceinte tubulaire de transfert apte à contenir les copeaux - ou la sciure - à sécher (respectivement les granulés à refroidir); la face interne de la paroi du corps creux délimitant l'enceinte tubulaire est de préférence dotée de portions saillantes s'étendant le long d'un tracé en hélice dont l'axe est sensiblement confondu avec l'axe longitudinal du corps creux ; ces parties saillantes permettent de provoquer, par la rotation du corps creux selon son axe, le transfert le long de cet axe des particules - copeaux, sciure, ou granulés - contenues dans l'enceinte tubulaire ; ainsi, le(s) sécheur(s), et le cas échéant le refroidisseur, forme(nt) un (des) convoyeur(s) de transfert des produits (particules) qu'il contien(nen)t ;
  • les premier et second sécheurs), et le cas échéant le refroidisseur, peu(ven)t s'étendre sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du châssis, l'un au dessus - ou l'un à coté - de l'autre ;
  • l'appareil peut comporter en outre un générateur d'air chaud raccordé au(x) sécheur(s) pour y faire circuler de l'air chaud et sécher les copeaux - respectivement la sciure - ; le générateur d'air chaud est de préférence monté sur le(les) châssis ; le générateur d'air chaud peut comporter un corps cylindrique creux allongé selon un axe longitudinal sensiblement horizontal ; le générateur d'air chaud peut s'étendre sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du châssis, au dessous - ou à coté - du (des) sécheur(s); le générateur d'air chaud comporte selon l'invention faisceau de tubes parallèles à son axe longitudinal, une première extrémité de chaque tube communiquant avec l'air ambiant, et une seconde extrémité de chaque tube communiquant avec le (second) sécheur pour y faire circuler l'air chauffé dans le générateur ;
  • le générateur d'air chaud peut comporter un foyer de forme allongée le long de son axe longitudinal ; le foyer peut recevoir un convoyeur de transport d'un combustible solide ; le combustible solide peut être constitué de copeaux de bois délivrés par le (ou un second) déchiqueteur ;
  • l'unité de production d'air chaud peut comporter un conduit de transport d'air du refroidisseur au générateur, qui est équipé d'un ventilateur, un conduit de transport d'air chaud du générateur au second sécheur, et un conduit de transport d'air chaud du second sécheur au premier sécheur;
  • l'unité de production d'air chaud peut comporter un second déchiqueteur ;
  • le(s) déchiqueteur(s), le broyeur, et le compacteur peuvent être disposés sur un châssis commun aux sécheurs, au refroidisseur, et au générateur, de part et d'autre de ces derniers ;
  • l'unité de production d'air chaud peut comporter un séparateur pour retenir les escarbilles et les séparer des fumées et gaz de combustion ;
  • l'appareil peut comporter une unité de production d'énergie électrique à partir d'un combustible, cette unité étant disposée sur la (les) structure(s) porteuse(s) ;
  • la structure porteuse peut comporter un faux châssis qui peut être désolidarisé d'un support roulant tel qu'une remorque routière, grâce à des fixations à déverrouillage rapide et à des vérins stabilisateurs permettant de soulever le faux châssis et de le dégager du support roulant;
  • l'appareil peut comporter une unité (UC) de commande reliée à un capteur de pesée en continu de particules de bois déchiquetés, à un capteur sensible à l'humidité des particules de bois, et à un capteur sensible à la température du (des) sécheur(s), l'unité de commande étant agencée, en particulier programmée, pour faire varier un paramètre de fonctionnement de l'unité (LPGcont) de production de granulés tel que la vitesse d'avance d'un convoyeur (C1, S1, S2, REF) de transport de particules de bois, et/ou un paramètre de fonctionnement de l'unité (GAC) de production d'air chaud tel que la vitesse ou la température de l'air chaud, en fonction de signaux - ou donnée(s) - délivrés par le capteur de pesée, par le capteur d'humidité, et par le capteur de température;
  • l'appareil peut comporter une unité de détection d'incendie et de commande d'aspersion, cette unité étant disposée sur la (les) structure(s) porteuse(s).
According to preferred embodiments of the invention:
  • the apparatus may further comprise a shredder capable of shredding remnants, trunks, or branches, and to produce chips; the shredder is preferably mounted on the frame (s);
  • the apparatus may further comprise a pellet cooler which is fed by the compactor and is capable of delivering cooled granules to a packing or evacuation station; the cooler is preferably mounted on the frame (s);
  • the dryer (s), and optionally the cooler, may comprise an elongated hollow cylindrical body rotatably mounted (relative to the frame (s)) along its longitudinal axis which is substantially horizontal, ie little inclined in relation to a horizontal plane; the hollow body defines a tubular transfer chamber adapted to contain the chips - or sawdust - to dry (respectively the granules to be cooled); the inner face of the wall of the hollow body delimiting the tubular enclosure is preferably provided with projecting portions extending along a helical path whose axis is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the hollow body; these projecting parts allow to cause, by the rotation of the hollow body along its axis, the transfer along this axis of the particles - chips, sawdust, or granules - contained in the tubular enclosure; thus, the dryer (s) and, where applicable, the cooler, form (s) a conveyor (s) for transferring the products (particles) that it contains;
  • the first and second driers), and if necessary the cooler, may extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the frame, one above - or one beside - the other;
  • the apparatus may further comprise a hot air generator connected to the dryer (s) to circulate hot air and dry the chips - respectively sawdust -; the hot air generator is preferably mounted on the frame (s); the furnace can have a hollow cylindrical body elongated along a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis; the hot air generator may extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the frame, below - or next to - the dryer (s); the hot air generator comprises according to the invention bundle of tubes parallel to its longitudinal axis, a first end of each tube communicating with the ambient air, and a second end of each tube communicating with the (second) dryer to make it circulate the heated air in the generator;
  • the hot air generator may include an elongated focus along its longitudinal axis; the hearth can receive a conveyor for transporting solid fuel; the solid fuel may consist of wood chips delivered by the (or a second) shredder;
  • the hot air production unit may comprise an air transport duct from the cooler to the generator, which is equipped with a fan, a duct for conveying hot air from the generator to the second dryer, and a transport duct hot air from the second dryer to the first dryer;
  • the hot air production unit may comprise a second shredder;
  • the shredder (s), the crusher, and the compactor may be arranged on a frame common to the dryers, the cooler, and the generator, on either side of them;
  • the hot air production unit may comprise a separator for retaining the escarbils and separating them from the flue gases and gases;
  • the apparatus may comprise a unit for producing electrical energy from a fuel, this unit being arranged on the carrier structure (s);
  • the load-bearing structure may comprise a false frame which can be detached from a rolling support such as a road trailer, thanks to quick-release fasteners and stabilizing jacks for lifting the subframe and disengaging it from the rolling medium;
  • the apparatus may comprise a control unit (UC) connected to a continuous weight sensor for shredded wood particles, a moisture-sensitive sensor of the wood particles, and a temperature-sensitive sensor of the drier (s), the control unit being arranged, in particular programmed, to vary an operating parameter of the unit (LPGcont) for producing granules such as the feed speed of a conveyor (C1, S1, S2, REF) for transporting wood particles, and / or an operating parameter of the unit (GAC ) for the production of hot air, such as the speed or temperature of the hot air, as a function of signals - or data - delivered by the weighing sensor, the humidity sensor, and the sensor. temperature;
  • the apparatus may comprise a fire detection and spray control unit, this unit being arranged on the carrier structure (s).

L'invention permet de traiter facilement et efficacement divers types de végétaux, en particulier des végétaux présentant une humidité de l'ordre de 60 à 75%.The invention makes it possible to easily and efficiently treat various types of plants, in particular plants with a humidity of the order of 60 to 75%.

D'autres aspects, caractéristiques, et avantages de l'invention apparaissent dans la description suivante qui se réfère aux figures annexées et illustre, sans aucun caractère limitatif, des modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est un schéma d'un dispositif selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 illustre schématiquement, en perspective, les principaux composants d'un appareil selon l'invention et leur agencement sur une remorque routière.
  • La figure 3 illustre schématiquement les principaux composants de l'appareil illustré figure 2 qui font partie de l'unité de production des granulés de sciure de bois séchée, et leur agencement sur la remorque routière.
  • La figure 4 illustre schématiquement les principaux composants de l'appareil illustré figure 2 qui font partie de l'unité de production et de transport d'air chaud utilisé pour le séchage de la sciure et des copeaux de bois, et leur agencement sur la remorque routière.
  • La figure 5 illustre schématiquement, sous un autre angle de vue, les principaux composants de l'appareil illustré figure 2, qui servent à produire les granulés de sciure de bois séchée, et leur agencement sur la remorque routière.
  • La figure 6 illustre schématiquement, sous un autre angle de vue, les principaux composants de l'appareil illustré figure 2, qui servent à produire de l'énergie électrique et à asperger l'appareil en cas d'incendie, et leur agencement sur la remorque routière.
  • La figure 7 illustre schématiquement, sous un autre angle de vue, la structure porteuse et d'enveloppe de l'appareil illustré figure 2, qui sert à supporter et envelopper les composants de l'appareil, et se présente sous la forme d'une remorque, ou d'un faux châssis susceptible de reposer sur une remorque.
  • La figure 8 illustre schématiquement la structure de l'appareil illustrée figure 7, dont les panneaux d'enveloppe sont dans une configuration de fermeture, et dont les jambes stabilisatrices sont dans une configuration rétractée permettant le tractage de l'appareil par une véhicule tracteur.
Other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention appear in the following description which refers to the appended figures and illustrates, without any limiting character, preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • The figure 1 is a diagram of a device according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 schematically illustrates, in perspective, the main components of an apparatus according to the invention and their arrangement on a road trailer.
  • The figure 3 schematically illustrates the main components of the illustrated apparatus figure 2 which are part of the production unit of dried sawdust pellets, and their arrangement on the road trailer.
  • The figure 4 schematically illustrates the main components of the illustrated apparatus figure 2 which are part of the hot air production and transport unit used for the drying of sawdust and wood chips, and their arrangement on the road trailer.
  • The figure 5 schematically illustrates, from another angle of view, the main components of the illustrated apparatus figure 2 , which are used to produce the dried sawdust pellets, and their arrangement on the road trailer.
  • The figure 6 schematically illustrates, from another angle of view, the main components of the illustrated apparatus figure 2 , which are used to produce electrical power and to spray the device in case of fire, and their arrangement on the road trailer.
  • The figure 7 illustrates schematically, from another angle of view, the carrier structure and envelope of the illustrated apparatus figure 2 , which serves to support and wrap the components of the device, and is in the form of a trailer, or a false frame may rest on a trailer.
  • The figure 8 schematically illustrates the structure of the illustrated apparatus figure 7 , whose envelope panels are in a closed configuration, and whose stabilizing legs are in a retracted configuration for towing the apparatus by a towing vehicle.

Un appareil selon l'invention intègre de préférence tous les organes/composants permettant la production de granulés, depuis la réception des rémanents, troncs et branchages, jusqu'aux granulés conditionnés en sac, big-bag, ou en vrac.An apparatus according to the invention preferably incorporates all the organs / components for the production of granules, from the reception of the slash, trunks and branches, to granules packaged bag, big bag, or bulk.

L'invention permet d'assurer la mobilité de cet appareil de production de granulés, la compacité et l'encombrement réduit de l'appareil permettant d'intégrer ses composants sur un châssis mobile et/ou sur une remorque routière.The invention makes it possible to ensure the mobility of this apparatus for producing granules, the compactness and the reduced size of the apparatus making it possible to integrate its components on a mobile frame and / or on a road trailer.

L'invention permet de réduire les coûts de transport en permettant d'installer l'appareil selon l'invention aux abords d'une zone de collecte de végétaux, par exemple dans une clairière.The invention makes it possible to reduce transport costs by making it possible to install the apparatus according to the invention in the vicinity of a plant collection zone, for example in a clearing.

Un appareil selon l'invention peut présenter par exemple une capacité de production de 1 tonne de granulés par heure.An apparatus according to the invention may for example have a production capacity of 1 ton of granules per hour.

Sur le schéma illustré figure 1, les flèches unidirectionnelles à trait continu représentent les flux de particules de bois transférées d'un organe à un autre, à l'aide d'un organe de transfert tel qu'un convoyeur, ou bien directement - sans organe de transfert -, à partir d'un premier déchiqueteur D1 jusqu'à un poste EMB d'emballage des granulés.In the illustrated diagram figure 1 , the unidirectional arrows with solid lines represent the flow of wood particles transferred from one organ to another, using a transfer member such as a conveyor, or directly - without a transfer member - to from a first shredder D1 to an EMB packing station of the granules.

Une -et une seule- double flèche unidirectionnelle à trait continu représente l'eau sortant d'un condenseur COND.One-and-one double-headed unidirectional arrow represents the water leaving a COND condenser.

Sur le schéma illustré figure 1, les flèches unidirectionnelles à trait pointillé représentent les flux de particules de bois transférées d'un organe à un autre, à l'aide d'un organe de transfert tel qu'un convoyeur, ou bien directement - sans organe de transfert -, à partir d'un second déchiqueteur D2 jusqu'à un poste de récupération des cendres CEN résultant de la combustion de ces particules dans le générateur d'air chaud GAC.In the illustrated diagram figure 1 , the dotted line unidirectional arrows represent the flow of wood particles transferred from one organ to another, using a transfer member such as a conveyor, or directly - without a transfer member - to from a second shredder D2 to a CEN ash recovery station resulting from the combustion of these particles in the GAC hot air generator.

Sur le schéma illustré figure 1, les flèches unidirectionnelles à trait mixte représentent les flux d'air transporté d'un organe à un autre, sous l'impulsion d'un organe moteur tel qu'un ventilateur V1, V2, l'air circulant notamment dans des conduits ou chambres de transport.In the illustrated diagram figure 1 , the unidirectional arrows with mixed line represent the flow of air transported from one organ to another, under the impulse of a motor member such as a fan V1, V2, the air flowing in particular in ducts or chambers transport.

Sur le schéma illustré figure 1, les flèches bidirectionnelles à trait continu représentent les flux de signaux et/ou données de mesure, contrôle, et/ou commande échangés par une unité de commande UC et des capteurs ou actionneurs intégrés aux composants de l'appareil.In the illustrated diagram figure 1 the bidirectional arrows with solid lines represent the signal flows and / or measurement, control and / or control data exchanged by a control unit UC and sensors or actuators integrated into the components of the apparatus.

Sur les figures 2 et 4, l'enveloppe tubulaire horizontale du générateur d'air chaud n'a pas été représentée afin d'illustrer les organes qu'elle contient.On the figures 2 and 4 , the horizontal tubular casing of the hot air generator has not been shown to illustrate the organs it contains.

Dans le même but, sur les figures 2 à 5, les enveloppes tubulaires horizontales des sécheurs et du refroidisseur ont été représentées translucides afin d'illustrer la structure hélicoïdale saillante sur la face interne de ces enveloppes.For the same purpose, on Figures 2 to 5 the horizontal tubular shells of the dryers and cooler have been shown translucent to illustrate the helical protruding structure on the inner face of these shells.

Sur les figures 4 et 5, les flèches unidirectionnelles non repérées, qui sont respectivement parallèles aux axes longitudinaux des sécheurs S1, S2. du refroidisseur REF, et du convoyeur C2, indiquent le sens de déplacement des particules de bois dans/sur ces organes.On the figures 4 and 5 , the unidirectional unidirectional arrows, which are respectively parallel to the longitudinal axes of the dryers S1, S2. cooler REF, and conveyor C2, indicate the direction of movement of the wood particles in / on these bodies.

Par référence aux figures 1 et 2 notamment, l'appareil selon l'invention comporte deux déchiqueteurs fonctionnant « en parallèle » : un premier déchiqueteur D1 déchiquette des rémanents et produit des copeaux destinés à la production de granulés; un second déchiqueteur D2 déchiquette des rémanents de faible valeur et produit du bois déchiqueté utilisé comme combustible pour produire de l'air chaud servant à sécher les particules de bois issues du premier déchiqueteur.By reference to figures 1 and 2 in particular, the apparatus according to the invention comprises two shredders operating "in parallel": a first shredder D1 shreds slash and produces chips for the production of granules; a second shredder D2 shreds low-value remnants and produces shredded wood used as fuel to produce hot air for drying wood particles from the first shredder.

Chaque déchiqueteur D1, D2 alimente respectivement un conteneur T1, T2 de stockage tampon.Each shredder D1, D2 respectively feeds a container T1, T2 buffer storage.

Ces organes T1, T2 de stockage intermédiaire permettent de stabiliser la production continue de granulés, en coopération avec deux convoyeurs C1, C2 motorisés et régulés, placés à la sortie de ces conteneurs, et commandés par l'unité de commande UC.These intermediate storage units T1, T2 make it possible to stabilize the continuous production of granules, in cooperation with two motorized and regulated conveyors C1, C2, placed at the outlet of these containers, and controlled by the control unit UC.

Le bois déchiqueté utilisé pour la production de granulés doit être débarrassé des « impuretés » (poussières, sable, pierres, etc.), pour garantir sa qualité et éviter de détériorer les mécanismes de l'appareil.The shredded wood used for the production of granules must be freed from "impurities" (dust, sand, stones, etc.), to guarantee its quality and to avoid damaging the mechanism of the device.

A cet effet, le bois peut être filtré, par exemple par vibrage et tamisage, et/ou peut être séparé des impuretés par flottaison et brassage dans un bac de décantation (repère 4, figure 5).For this purpose, the wood can be filtered, for example by vibrating and sieving, and / or can be separated from the impurities by floating and stirring in a settling tank (reference 4, figure 5 ).

Les opérations de broyage des copeaux et d'agglomération/granulage de la sciure sont favorisées par le séchage des particules de bois réalisé entre chaque étape, évitant le « bourrage » des outils de coupe/compactage.The operations of grinding chips and sintering / granulating sawdust are favored by the drying of the wood particles made between each step, avoiding the "stuffing" of cutting / compaction tools.

Le séchage des particules de bois est effectué dans deux tunnels S1, S2 de séchage équipés de «vis sans fin» et conjuguant quatre actions simultanées : convoyage, brassage, séchage, et confinement des particules de bois.Drying of the wood particles is carried out in two tunnels S1, S2 of drying equipped with "worm" and conjugating four simultaneous actions: conveying, mixing, drying, and confinement of the particles of wood.

Avant d'être conditionnés, les granulés produits doivent être refroidis ; l'appareil comporte à cet effet un tunnel REF (fig. 1 et 5) de refroidissement convoyant les granulés du compactage/granulage vers le poste de conditionnement.Before being packaged, the granules produced must be cooled; For this purpose, the apparatus includes a REF tunnel ( Fig. 1 and 5 ) of cooling conveying the compaction / granulation granules to the conditioning station.

L'air destiné à être chauffé par la fournaise GAC (fig. 1, 2 et 4) est « aspiré » par l'intermédiaire du tunnel RÉF où il est préchauffé en récupérant les calories dégagées par les granulés. L'aspiration produit en outre une dépression favorisant le refroidissement des granulés.The air to be heated by the GAC furnace ( Fig. 1 , 2 and 4 ) is "sucked" through the REF tunnel where it is preheated by recovering the calories released by the pellets. The suction also produces a depression favoring the cooling of the granules.

Les composants d'un appareil mobile selon l'invention, en particulier les sécheurs, le refroidisseur et le générateur GAC sont disposés sur un châssis 38, 39 commun de façon à provoquer, pour l'air chaud et les particules de bois, un parcours en « zigzag » suivant un schéma d' « aller et retour ». Cette implantation permet de rapprocher les entrées et sorties des organes réalisant les opérations successives du procédé de traitement.The components of a mobile device according to the invention, in particular the dryers, the cooler and the generator GAC are arranged on a frame 38, 39 common so as to cause, for hot air and wood particles, a path in "zigzag" following a pattern of "back and forth". This implantation makes it possible to bring the inputs and outputs closer to the members carrying out the successive operations of the treatment method.

L'air échauffé circule d'un tunnel à l'autre grâce à des chambres/conduits de transfert qui canalisent l'air avec peu de déperdition. Cette configuration permet d'utiliser un seul courant d'air chaud.The heated air circulates from one tunnel to another thanks to transfer chambers / ducts that channel the air with little leakage. This configuration makes it possible to use a single stream of hot air.

Bien que l'air chaud nécessaire au séchage puisse être produit par un générateur traditionnel fonctionnant au gaz, au fuel, ou à l'énergie électrique, l'air chaud est avantageusement produit par une fournaise (GAC) dans laquelle sont brûlés des rémanents de faible valeur.Although the hot air needed for drying can be produced by a traditional generator running on gas, fuel oil, or electrical energy, the hot air is advantageously produced by a furnace (GAC) in which burnt slags are burned. low value.

Le générateur d'air chaud comporte une structure de transport d'air constituée par un faisceau de tubes, qui est chauffée par la source de chaleur et qui isole l'air qu'elle transporte de cette source, afin d'éviter l'entraînement de particules ou composés inflammables.The hot air generator comprises an air transport structure consisting of a bundle of tubes, which is heated by the heat source and isolates the air it carries from this source, in order to avoid the training flammable particles or compounds.

Cette fournaise présente une forme allongée et des dimensions qui sont proches de celles des trois tunnels convoyeurs S1, S2, REF, ce qui facilite l'intégration côte à côte de ces composants sur un châssis mobile commun.This furnace has an elongated shape and dimensions that are close to those of three conveyor tunnels S1, S2, REF, which facilitates the side-by-side integration of these components on a common mobile frame.

Afin d'éviter que des escarbilles produites par la fournaise GAC soient susceptibles de provoquer des départs de feu, le conduit d'évacuation des fumées du générateur GAC peut être équipé d'un séparateur LAV conjuguant par exemple une aspiration cyclonique à un film d'eau centrifugée.In order to avoid that escarbils produced by the furnace GAC are likely to cause fire starts, the flue gas outlet of the GAC generator may be equipped with a LAV separator combining, for example, a cyclonic suction with a film of centrifuged water.

L'humidité résiduelle des particules de bois varie, d'un tunnel de séchage à l'autre, en fonction notamment de la vitesse de convoyage des particules de bois dans les tunnels.The residual moisture content of the wood particles varies, from one drying tunnel to another, depending in particular on the conveying speed of the wood particles in the tunnels.

Par exemple, pour une température d'air de l'ordre de 350°C et une vitesse de circulation d'air dans les tunnels de l'ordre de 0,5 m/s, le temps de transit des particules de bois dans chaque tunnel peut être de l'ordre d'une heure environ.For example, for an air temperature of the order of 350 ° C. and an air circulation velocity in the tunnels of the order of 0.5 m / s, the transit time of the wood particles in each tunnel can be of the order of one hour.

La vitesse de convoyage des particules par les tunnels peut être ajustée par l'unité UC commandant les moteurs d'entraînement des tunnels, pour assurer une humidité résiduelle des granulés située dans une plage allant de 10% environ à 15 % environ, et favoriser ainsi la cohésion des granulés.The speed of conveying the particles through the tunnels can be adjusted by the unit UC controlling the tunnel drive motors, to ensure a residual moisture of the granules in a range from about 10% to about 15%, and thereby promote the cohesion of the granules.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la vitesse de transport des copeaux dans le premier sécheur S1 est ajustée pour assurer une humidité relative des copeaux séchés de l'ordre de 20%, ce qui permet ensuite de broyer finement les copeaux séchés sans provoquer de bourrage, et la vitesse de transport de la sciure dans le second sécheur S2 est ajustée pour assurer une humidité relative de la sciure séchée de l'ordre de 8 à 12%, ce qui facilite son compactage ultérieur.According to one embodiment, the chip transport speed in the first dryer S1 is adjusted to ensure a relative humidity of the dried chips of the order of 20%, which then makes it possible to finely grind the dried chips without causing jamming, and the speed of transport of the sawdust in the second dryer S2 is adjusted to ensure a relative humidity of the dried sawdust of the order of 8 to 12%, which facilitates its subsequent compaction.

L'appareil selon l'invention est de préférence équipé d'un générateur électrique alimentant les organes (broyeurs, compacteur, tunnels) de l'appareil.The apparatus according to the invention is preferably equipped with an electric generator supplying the organs (grinders, compactor, tunnels) of the apparatus.

L'énergie électrique est produite par un générateur utilisant la chaleur générée par la fournaise, par exemple sous forme de vapeur d'eau.The electrical energy is produced by a generator using the heat generated by the furnace, for example in the form of water vapor.

Le châssis de l'appareil est équipé de passerelles facilitant les opérations d'entretien et de dépannage à « hauteur d'homme ». Ces passerelles équipées de garde-corps peuvent être escamotables pour limiter la largeur de l'appareil au gabarit routier.The frame of the unit is equipped with gangways facilitating maintenance and troubleshooting operations at "man's height". These walkways equipped with guardrails can be retractable to limit the width of the device to the road gauge.

Les organes de conditionnement des granulés sont adaptés au format des emballages souhaités, ou encore au transfert par soufflage vers un conteneur de stockage en vrac installé sur un camion ou une seconde remorque.The granule packaging members are adapted to the size of the desired packaging, or blown to a bulk storage container installed on a truck or a second trailer.

La structure porteuse 38, 39 de l'appareil comporte une plate-forme escamotable de type hayon, placée à une extrémité du châssis, pour faciliter les opérations de manutention et d'emballage.The carrying structure 38, 39 of the apparatus comprises a retractable platform hatch type, placed at one end of the frame, to facilitate the handling and packaging operations.

Un appareil selon l'invention peut comporter un système d'extinction de feu essentiellement constitué d'une réserve d'eau, d'une pompe et d'un circuit d'aspersion. La pompe peut être entraînée par un moteur thermique et raccordée d'une part à un dévidoir de tuyau semi-rigide, d'autre part à des asperseurs.An apparatus according to the invention may comprise a fire extinguishing system consisting essentially of a water reserve, a pump and a spraying circuit. The pump can be driven by a heat engine and connected on the one hand to a semi-rigid pipe reel, on the other hand to sprinklers.

La réserve d'eau peut servir à alimenter le bac de décantation, le laveur de fumée, et le système d'extinction.The water supply can be used to feed the settling tank, the scrubber, and the extinguishing system.

L'ensemble des équipements de l'appareil selon l'invention peut être fixé sur un faux châssis 39 (fig. 7) pouvant être fixé sur une remorque 38 (fig. 8) ou un camion.All the equipment of the apparatus according to the invention can be fixed on a false frame 39 ( Fig. 7 ) that can be attached to a trailer 38 ( Fig. 8 ) or a truck.

Le faux châssis peut être équipé de patins stabilisateurs 40 (fig. 7) dont la surface d'appui est suffisamment large pour éviter de s'enfoncer dans le sol.The subframe may be equipped with stabilizer pads 40 ( Fig. 7 ) whose bearing surface is sufficiently wide to avoid sinking into the ground.

Le faux châssis peut être désolidarisé de son support roulant, grâce à des fixations à déverrouillage rapide et à des vérins stabilisateurs permettant de le soulever et de dégager son support roulant, une remorque par exemple. Cette désolidarisation permet d'utiliser le support mobile à d'autres fins.The subframe can be detached from its rolling support, thanks to fast unlocking fasteners and stabilizing jacks for lifting and releasing its rolling medium, a trailer for example. This separation makes it possible to use the mobile support for other purposes.

A contrario, pour des opérations de courte durée, l'appareil selon l'invention peut être exploité sur son support mobile. Dans ce cas, les pneumatiques peuvent être protégés de la chaleur par des boucliers thermiques.In contrast, for short-term operations, the apparatus according to the invention can be operated on its mobile support. In this case, the tires can be protected from heat by heat shields.

Par référence aux figures 1 à 3 et 5 notamment, une partie de l'appareil forme une unité - ou ligne - LPGcont de production continue de granulés de sciure ; cette unité comporte un déchiqueteur D1 qui réduit les rémanents et les troncs d'une section inférieure à 25 cm par exemple, en déchiquetés ou copeaux moyens, par exemple de 10 à 15 mm d'épaisseur.By reference to Figures 1 to 3 and 5 in particular, a part of the apparatus forms a unit - or line - LPGcont of continuous production of sawdust pellets; this unit comprises a shredder D1 which reduces the remnants and trunks of a section less than 25 cm for example, shredded or medium chips, for example 10 to 15 mm thick.

Une rampe d'éjection du déchiqueteur D1 débouche sur un bac T1 de stockage tampon dont le volume peut être de l'ordre de 1 m3, soit environ 30 minutes de consommation de la ligne LPGcont.An ejection ramp of the shredder D1 leads to a buffer storage tank T1 whose volume can be of the order of 1 m3, or about 30 minutes of consumption of the LPGcont line.

Les bois déchiquetés sont extraits en partie basse de ce bac par un convoyeur 3 (figure 5) dont la vitesse d'avancement est ajustée à la capacité désirée de production par l'unité UC.The shredded woods are extracted in the lower part of this tray by a conveyor 3 ( figure 5 ) whose feed rate is adjusted to the desired production capacity by the CPU unit.

Le convoyeur 3 alimente un décanteur à eau 4 équipé d'un brasseur (non représenté) qui précipite les particules denses (pierres, sable, métaux, etc.) pour les séparer des copeaux.The conveyor 3 feeds a water decanter 4 equipped with a stirrer (not shown) which precipitates the dense particles (stones, sand, metals, etc.) to separate them from the chips.

Ce décanteur dispose d'une vis sans fin (non représentée) raclant le fond pour évacuer les particules denses.This decanter has a worm (not shown) scraping the bottom to remove dense particles.

Un convoyeur ajouré C1 servant d'égouttoir transfère les copeaux vers le premier tunnel S1 de séchage.A perforated conveyor C1 serving as a drainer transfers the chips to the first drying tunnel S1.

Le tunnel sécheur/convoyeur S1, qui est sensiblement identique aux tunnels S2 et REF, intègre une vis sans fin de convoyage assurant l'avancement et le brassage des particules de bois.The drying tunnel / conveyor S1, which is substantially identical to the tunnels S2 and REF, incorporates a conveyor worm ensuring the advancement and mixing of the wood particles.

A cet effet, les sécheurs S1, S2, et le refroidisseur REF comportent chacun un corps cylindrique creux allongé monté rotatif selon leur axe longitudinal horizontal respectif 50, 51, 52. Chaque corps creux délimite une enceinte tubulaire de transfert apte à contenir les copeaux - ou la sciure - à sécher, respectivement les granulés à refroidir.For this purpose, the dryers S1, S2, and the cooler REF each comprise an elongate hollow cylindrical body rotatably mounted along their respective horizontal longitudinal axis 50, 51, 52. Each hollow body delimits a tubular transfer chamber adapted to contain the chips. or sawdust - to dry, respectively the granules to be cooled.

La face interne de la paroi du corps creux est dotée de portions saillantes 53 (figure 3) s'étendant le long d'un tracé en hélice dont l'axe est sensiblement confondu avec l'axe longitudinal du corps creux, ces parties saillantes permettant de provoquer, par la rotation du corps creux selon son axe, le transfert le long de cet axe des particules - copeaux, sciure, ou granulés - contenues dans l'enceinte tubulaire.The inner face of the wall of the hollow body is provided with protruding portions 53 ( figure 3 ) extending along a helical path whose axis is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, these projecting parts making it possible to cause, by the rotation of the hollow body along its axis, the transfer along this axis of the particles - chips, sawdust, or granules - contained in the tubular enclosure.

Les sécheurs et le refroidisseur s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal 54 du châssis, l'un au dessus - et l'un à coté - de l'autre.The driers and the cooler extend parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 of the frame, one above and one next to the other.

La longueur du corps creux cylindrique (ou tambour) des sécheurs et sa vitesse de rotation ajustable permettent de régler le temps de transit et donc la durée de séchage.The length of the cylindrical hollow body (or drum) of the driers and its adjustable rotational speed make it possible to regulate the transit time and therefore the drying time.

Le premier tunnel S1 débouche sur un broyeur d'affinage BR (fig. 3 et 5) réduisant les copeaux de bois déchiqueté séchés en particules dont l'épaisseur peut être de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mm, qui sont considérées comme de la sciure.The first tunnel S1 leads to a refining mill BR ( Fig. 3 and 5 ) reducing the dried shredded wood chips to particles of which the thickness can be of the order of 1 to 2 mm, which are considered as sawdust.

La sortie de ce broyeur est équipée d'un cyclone avec tuyère d'éjection introduisant la sciure dans le second tunnel S2.The output of this mill is equipped with a cyclone with ejection nozzle introducing the sawdust into the second tunnel S2.

Le tunnel S2 brasse et sèche la sciure à une température réglable de 200 à 700°C, et la convoie jusqu'au granuleur / compacteur COM.The S2 tunnel brews and dries the sawdust at a temperature adjustable from 200 to 700 ° C, and conveys it to the COM granulator / compactor.

Le granuleur COM est équipé de galets de compression et peut agglomérer la sciure en granulés de 8 à 10 mm de diamètre et 15 à 20 mm de long, par exemple.The COM granulator is equipped with compression rollers and can aggregate the sawdust into granules 8 to 10 mm in diameter and 15 to 20 mm long, for example.

Une rampe d'éjection du granuleur introduit les granulés dans le tunnel REF de refroidissement.An ejection ramp of the granulator introduces the granules into the cooling tunnel REF.

Le tunnel REF brasse les granulés et les refroidit en évacuant les calories par contact avec l'air aspiré par le ventilateur V1. L'air aspiré circulant à contre courant des granulés provoque un refroidissement efficace et sépare -et entraîne avec lui- les poussières se détachant des granulés.The REF tunnel brews the granules and cools them by evacuating the calories by contact with the air sucked by the fan V1. The sucked air circulating against the current of the granules causes effective cooling and separates and carries with it the dust coming off the granules.

Le tunnel REF débouche sur un distributeur permettant de sélectionner le conditionnement grâce à un déflecteur pivotant (non représenté) actionné manuellement par exemple, qui permet de diriger les granulés, soit dans une ensacheuse 12, soit dans un sac (« Big-Bag »).The REF tunnel opens on a distributor to select the packaging by means of a pivoting deflector (not shown) manually operated for example, which allows to direct the granules, either in a bagger 12 or in a bag ("Big-Bag") .

L'ensacheuse 12 (figure 3) peut comporter un « silo doseur » calibrant le volume du sac et peut réaliser automatiquement les opérations de calibrage, remplissage, et fermeture.The bagger 12 ( figure 3 ) may have a "measuring silo" calibrating the volume of the bag and may automatically perform the operations of calibration, filling, and closing.

La plate-forme de manutention 13 fait partie du poste EMB de conditionnement permettant à un opérateur de réaliser/contrôler plusieurs opérations complémentaires : mise en forme et fermeture des sacs, remplissage d'un premier sac contrôlé par une balance afin de calibrer le remplissage, la balance étant intégrée à une armature de soutien du poste EMB ; préparation et soutien d'un second sac recevant les granulés après le remplissage du premier sac.The handling platform 13 is part of the EMB packaging station allowing an operator to perform / control several complementary operations: shaping and closing bags, filling a first bag controlled by a scale to calibrate the filling, the scale being integrated into a support frame of the EMB station; preparing and supporting a second bag receiving the granules after filling the first bag.

Un bras de manutention équipé d'un organe de préhension à ventouse peut être prévu pour aider l'opérateur à gerber les sacs sur une palette.A handling arm equipped with a suction grip member may be provided to assist the operator to stack the bags on a pallet.

Un plateau rotatif 15 (figure 7) recevant une palette permet, une fois la palette chargée de sacs de granulés, de la faire tourner sur elle-même pour la filmer. A cet effet, une colonne dérouleuse de film plastique, conjugue le mouvement rotatif du plateau 15 avec un mouvement de bas en haut d'un rouleau de film plastique.A turntable 15 ( figure 7 receiving a pallet makes it possible, once the pallet loaded with bags of granules, to turn it on itself to film it. For this purpose, a plastic film unwinding column, combines the rotary motion of the tray 15 with a bottom-up motion of a roll of plastic film.

Par référence aux figures 1, 2, 4, et 5 notamment, une seconde partie de l'appareil forme une unité -ou ligne- de production d'air chaud.By reference to figures 1 , 2 , 4 , and 5 in particular, a second part of the apparatus forms a unit - or line - for the production of hot air.

Cette unité comprend le second déchiqueteur D2 d'une capacité inférieure à celle du déchiqueteur D1, qui réduit des rémanents en déchiquetés ou copeaux.This unit comprises the second shredder D2 of a capacity less than that of the shredder D1, which reduces shreds remnants or chips.

Une rampe d'éjection de ce déchiqueteur débouche sur le conteneur de stockage tampon T2 permettant de stabiliser l'énergie calorifique produite par la fournaise.An ejection ramp of this shredder opens on the buffer storage container T2 for stabilizing the heat energy produced by the furnace.

Les bois déchiquetés sont extraits, en partie basse de ce bac T2, par un convoyeur C2, pour alimenter la fournaise.The shredded woods are extracted, in the lower part of this tank T2, by a conveyor C2, to feed the furnace.

La vitesse d'avancement du convoyeur C2 est ajustée par l'unité UC pour maintenir la température de l'air de séchage sortant de la fournaise à une valeur par exemple voisine de 350°C, en particulier à une valeur légèrement inférieure à 350°C lorsque les végétaux à sécher contiennent des composés facilement inflammables.The forward speed of the conveyor C2 is adjusted by the unit UC to maintain the temperature of the drying air leaving the furnace at a value, for example, close to 350 ° C., in particular to a value slightly less than 350 ° C. C when the plants to be dried contain easily flammable compounds.

Par référence aux figures 2 et 4 notamment, la fournaise/générateur GAC est raccordé(e) aux sécheurs pour y faire circuler de l'air chaud et sécher les copeaux - respectivement la sciure -.By reference to figures 2 and 4 in particular, the furnace / generator GAC is connected to the dryers to circulate hot air and dry chips - respectively sawdust -.

Le générateur d'air chaud comporte un corps cylindrique creux allongé selon un axe longitudinal 55 (fig. 4) horizontal parallèle à l'axe longitudinal 54 du châssis, au dessous des sécheurs et le long du refroidisseur REF.The hot air generator comprises a hollow cylindrical body elongated along a longitudinal axis 55 ( Fig. 4 horizontal parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 of the frame, below the dryers and along the cooler REF.

Le générateur d'air chaud comporte un faisceau 23 de tubes parallèles à son axe longitudinal, une première extrémité de chaque tube communiquant avec l'air ambiant, et une seconde extrémité de chaque tube communiquant avec le second sécheur pour y faire pénétrer l'air chauffé dans le générateur.The hot air generator comprises a bundle 23 of tubes parallel to its longitudinal axis, a first end of each tube communicating with the ambient air, and a second end of each tube communicating with the second dryer to enter the air heated in the generator.

Le générateur d'air chaud comporte un foyer de forme allongée le long de son axe longitudinal, le foyer recevant un convoyeur Ctrans de transport qui s'étend parallèlement à cet axe, qui traverse le générateur GAC et reçoit les bois déchiquetés déchargés par le convoyeur C2.The hot air generator has an elongate shaped hearth along its longitudinal axis, the hearth receiving a transport conveyor Ctrans which extends parallel to this axis, which passes through the generator GAC and receives the shredded wood unloaded by the conveyor C2.

Les convoyeurs C2 et Ctrans permettent d'isoler le stock tampon T2 de la fournaise pour éviter de transmettre le brasier.The C2 and Ctrans conveyors isolate the T2 buffer stock from the furnace to avoid transmitting the fire.

Le convoyeur Ctrans répartit le combustible sur toute la longueur du foyer, par sa face supérieure, « à l'aller », et racle les cendres CEN pour les évacuer, par sa face inférieure, « au retour ».The conveyor Ctrans distributes the fuel over the entire length of the fireplace, its upper face, "on the go", and scrapes the CEN ash to evacuate, by its underside, "return".

Les convoyeurs C2 et Ctrans sont pilotés par l'unité de commande UC avec la même vitesse d'avancement.The C2 and Ctrans conveyors are controlled by the UC control unit with the same forward speed.

La fournaise GAC présente en partie basse, sur toute sa longueur, une chambre de combustion. Cette chambre dispose de trous espacés à égale distance pour attiser le brasier, au travers du convoyeur qui déplace le combustible.The GAC furnace has a combustion chamber at the bottom of it all along its length. This chamber has holes spaced at equal distances to fan the fire, through the conveyor that moves the fuel.

Un ventilateur V2 d'activation pulse de l'air frais dans la chambre de combustion à une vitesse optimisant la combustion des rémanents et réduisant le volume des cendres.An activating fan V2 pulses fresh air into the combustion chamber at a rate that optimizes the combustion of the slash and reduces the ash volume.

Le ventilateur V1 d'air de séchage alimente l'« orgue » ou faisceau 23 de tubes longitudinaux offrant une grande surface d'échange thermique, qui est placé dans la partie supérieure de la fournaise.The drying air fan V1 feeds the "organ" or beam 23 of longitudinal tubes with a large heat exchange surface, which is placed in the upper part of the furnace.

Les fumées produites par la fournaise sont canalisées dans une cheminée les évacuant en partie haute de l'appareil.The fumes produced by the furnace are channeled into a chimney evacuating in the upper part of the device.

Les escarbilles entraînées par les fumées sont éliminées et précipitées par un séparateur (laveur) LAV. Le laveur et le ventilateur V2 peuvent être couplés à un arbre d'entraînement commun.Smoked escarbils are removed and precipitated by an LAV separator (washer). The scrubber and the fan V2 can be coupled to a common drive shaft.

L'extraction des fumées est effectuée dans une chambre placée au dessus de l'orgue, sur toute la longueur de la fournaise.The smoke extraction is carried out in a room placed above the organ, along the entire length of the furnace.

Le ventilateur V1 placé en sortie du tunnel REF, aspire l'air préchauffé dans le tunnel, produisant une dépression favorisant le refroidissement des granulés.The fan V1 placed at the exit of the tunnel REF, sucks the air preheated in the tunnel, producing a depression favoring the cooling of the granules.

Une chambre de transfert 26 intègre le ventilateur V1 injectant l'air dans l'orgue de la fournaise.A transfer chamber 26 integrates the fan V1 injecting air into the organ of the furnace.

Une chambre de transfert 27 canalise l'air chaud sortant de l'orgue de la fournaise GAC jusqu'au tunnel S2.A transfer chamber 27 channels the hot air leaving the organ of the furnace GAC to the tunnel S2.

Une chambre de transfert 28 canalise l'air chaud sortant du tunnel S2 jusqu'au tunnel S1. Dans sa partie basse, cette chambre dispose d'une trappe d'évacuation des sciures pour alimenter le compacteur COM.A transfer chamber 28 channels the hot air leaving tunnel S2 to tunnel S1. In its lower part, this room has a hatch for removing sawdust to feed the COM compactor.

Une chambre 29 évacue l'air chaud et humide du tunnel S1 vers l'extérieur, par l'intermédiaire d'un condenseur COND. Dans sa partie basse, cette chambre dispose d'une trappe d'évacuation des bois déchiquetés pour alimenter le broyeur d'affinage BR.A chamber 29 evacuates the hot and humid air from the tunnel S1 to the outside, via a condenser COND. In its lower part, this room has a hatch for evacuation of shredded woods to feed the refining mill BR.

Par référence aux figures 2 et 6 notamment, une autre partie de l'appareil forme une unité de production d'énergie électrique, qui comporte un groupe électrogène 30 alimentant les équipements de l'appareil, et un réservoir de carburant.By reference to figures 2 and 6 in particular, another part of the apparatus forms an electric power generation unit, which comprises a generator unit supplying the equipment of the apparatus, and a fuel tank.

Un tableau de contrôle (non représenté) relié à l'unité UC électronique de contrôle et de commande permet d'afficher: un schéma synoptique de l'appareil identifiant l'emplacement des organes électriques et leur commande ; les signalisations de sécurité (température, niveau d'eau, de carburant, défauts) ; les résultats de mesures électroniques (poids des matériaux traités en entrée et en sortie notamment).A control panel (not shown) connected to the electronic control and control unit UC makes it possible to display: a block diagram of the apparatus identifying the location of the electrical components and their control; safety signs (temperature, water level, fuel, defects); the results of electronic measurements (weight of the treated materials in input and output in particular).

L'automatisme UC de régulation de production commande les vitesses d'avancement des convoyeurs et des tunnels afin de maintenir la capacité de production horaire à la valeur souhaitée.The production control automation UC controls the forward speeds of conveyors and tunnels to maintain the hourly production capacity at the desired value.

Pour la ligne LPGcont de production de granulés, la vitesse d'avancement peut être asservie à la pesée en continu des bois déchiquetés, mesurée sur le convoyeur C1 en sortie du décanteur.For the LPGcont pellet production line, the forward speed can be slaved to the continuous weighing of the shredded wood, measured on the conveyor C1 at the outlet of the decanter.

Pour la ligne de production d'air chaud, la vitesse d'avancement peut être asservie à la température de l'air de séchage, particulièrement dans les phases transitoires de démarrage et d'arrêt de l'appareil.For the hot air production line, the forward speed can be slaved to the drying air temperature, especially in the transient start and stop phases of the unit.

Une régulation de la température de l'air de séchage permet de maintenir une température régulière dans les tunnels de séchage S1 et S2.A regulation of the drying air temperature makes it possible to maintain a regular temperature in the drying tunnels S1 and S2.

Parallèlement, le taux d'humidité nécessaire à une bonne cohésion des granulés, est mesuré dans la sciure avant compactage, par mesure de la conductivité électrique de la sciure entre des électrodes métalliques en contact avec la sciure contenue dans le tunnel S2.At the same time, the moisture content required for good cohesion of the granules is measured in the sawdust before compacting, by measuring the electrical conductivity of the sawdust between metal electrodes in contact with the sawdust contained in the tunnel S2.

Le maintien de ce taux d'humidité dans une plage de valeurs souhaitée peut par exemple être obtenue par le pilotage d'une vanne motorisée de réglage de l'évacuation de la vapeur d'eau contenue dans le tunnel S2, et/ou par variation automatique de la consigne de température dans le(s) tunnel(s), et donc de la température de l'air de séchage produit par la fournaise.Maintaining this moisture content in a desired range of values may for example be obtained by controlling a motorized valve for controlling the evacuation of the water vapor contained in the tunnel S2, and / or by variation automatic temperature set point in the tunnel (s), and therefore the temperature of the drying air produced by the furnace.

Par référence aux figures 2 et 6 notamment, une autre partie de l'appareil forme une unité de sécurité incendie comportant un réservoir 35, une pompe 34 et un dispositif d'aspersion 36.By reference to figures 2 and 6 in particular, another part of the apparatus forms a fire safety unit comprising a tank 35, a pump 34 and a spraying device 36.

La pompe 34 peut délivrer un débit d'eau de l'ordre de 250 l/mn sous une pression de l'ordre de 6 bars pour alimenter simultanément une ou plusieurs rampes d'asperseurs, le cas échéant avec injection d'un additif.The pump 34 can deliver a flow rate of water of the order of 250 l / min under a pressure of the order of 6 bar to simultaneously supply one or more sprayer booms, where appropriate with injection of an additive.

Un réservoir d'eau 35 d'un volume de l'ordre de 3 m3 peut être cloisonné pour éviter les balourds pendant le déplacement de l'appareil.A water tank 35 of a volume of the order of 3 m3 can be partitioned to avoid unbalance during the movement of the device.

Des rampes équipées de buses d'aspersion 36 peuvent être alimentées par des vannes manuelles ou par des électrovannes commandées par des détecteurs thermiques.Ramps equipped with spray nozzles 36 may be powered by manual valves or by solenoid valves controlled by thermal detectors.

Par référence aux figures 7 et 8 en particulier, l'appareil comporte un châssis 38 de remorque routière qui supporte l'unité de production de granulés, l'unité de production d'air chaud, ainsi que les unités de production d'énergie et de sécurité incendie, par l'intermédiaire d'un faux châssis 39 qui reçoit l'ensemble des équipements et des structures porteuses intermédiaires (armatures, etc.). Un système de verrouillage du faux châssis sur la remorque permet de déposer le faux châssis supportant l'appareil et de libérer la remorque pour d'autres utilisations.By reference to figures 7 and 8 in particular, the apparatus comprises a chassis 38 of a road trailer which supports the pellet production unit, the hot air production unit, as well as the energy production and fire safety units, by the intermediate of a false frame 39 which receives all the equipment and intermediate support structures (frames, etc.). A locking system of the subframe on the trailer allows to deposit the false frame supporting the device and release the trailer for other uses.

Ce faux châssis est muni de vérins hydrauliques 40 permettant de le faire reposer de façon stable sur le sol. Les stabilisateurs 40 peuvent être couplés les uns aux autres par une centrale pour uniformiser la charge et corriger l'assiette de l'appareil.This false frame is provided with hydraulic cylinders 40 to make it rest stably on the ground. The stabilizers 40 can be coupled to each other by a central unit to equalize the load and correct the attitude of the device.

Le faux châssis est bordé de passerelles repliables 41 qui permettent les opérations d'entretien. Ces passerelles sont pourvues de rambardes et d'escalier d'accès. L'ensemble se replie verticalement pour ne pas dépasser le gabarit routier.The subframe is lined with collapsible bridges 41 which allow maintenance operations. These bridges have guardrails and access stairs. The whole folds vertically so as not to exceed the road gauge.

Un hayon 42 constitue une plate-forme de conditionnement munie de rambardes et d'un escalier d'accès repliable.A tailgate 42 is a packing platform provided with railings and a folding access staircase.

Ce hayon intègre un plateau tournant 15 réceptionnant une palette de chargement de sacs de granulés. La rotation du plateau facilite la pose d'un film plastique sur la palette.This hatchback incorporates a turntable 15 receiving a loading pallet bags of granules. The rotation of the plate facilitates the installation of a plastic film on the pallet.

La structure comporte des auvents latéraux 43 déployables horizontalement par des vérins pour abriter les opérateurs et l'équipement des intempéries.The structure has side louvers 43 deployable horizontally by jacks to house operators and weather equipment.

Ces auvents peuvent servir d'impluviums lorsque, comme illustré figure 7, leur surface est inclinée vers le centre de l'appareil dont la partie centrale peut comporter une goulotte de récupération d'eau de pluie ravitaillant le réservoir de sécurité incendie.These canopies can serve as impluviums when, as illustrated figure 7 , their surface is inclined toward the center of the apparatus, the central portion may include a rainwater collection channel refueling the fire safety tank.

Les auvents peuvent intégrer un circuit de condensation de la vapeur d'eau produite par le séchage des particules de bois. Par exemple, les parois des auvents peuvent être constitués d'un sandwich de 2 tôles dont l'une présente une succession de plis en biais, favorisant - outre le renforcement du auvent - la condensation de la vapeur, son écoulement et sa collecte en extrémité des avant et arrière des auvents. L'alimentation des auvents en vapeurs d'eau pouvant s'effectuer par le milieu des auvents, définissant ainsi 4 zones de condensation.Awnings can incorporate a condensation circuit of water vapor produced by the drying of wood particles. For example, the walls of awnings may consist of a sandwich of 2 sheets, one of which has a succession of folds biased, promoting - in addition to strengthening the awning - the condensation of steam, its flow and collection end front and back awnings. The supply of awnings in water vapor can be carried out by the middle of the awnings, thus defining 4 zones of condensation.

La vapeur d'eau condensée dans les auvents, en particulier lorsque les auvents sont aussi dans la position illustrée figure 7, peut servir à remplir le réservoir d'eau et/ou alimenter le laveur et le bac de décantation.Condensed water vapor in canopies, especially when canopies are also in the illustrated position figure 7 , can be used to fill the water tank and / or feed the scrubber and the settling tank.

On peut observer figure 1 notamment que le sécheur S1, le broyeur BR, le sécheur S2, le compacteur COM, et le refroidisseur REF sont disposés et raccordés deux à deux dans cet ordre, en « série », pour le traitement continu des copeaux délivrés par le déchiqueteur D1. On observe également figure 1 que le refroidisseur REF, le générateur GAC, le sécheur S2, et le sécheur S1 sont disposés et raccordés deux à deux dans cet ordre, en « série », pour le séchage des particules de bois et le transport d'air, à « contre courant » du flux des particules de bois.We can see figure 1 in particular, that the dryer S1, the mill BR, the dryer S2, the compactor COM, and the cooler REF are arranged and connected in pairs in this order, in "series", for the continuous treatment of the chips delivered by the shredder D1. We also observe figure 1 that the cooler REF, the generator GAC, the dryer S2, and the dryer S1 are arranged and connected two by two in this order, in "series", for the drying of the wood particles and the transport of air, to "against flow of wood particles.

Claims (14)

  1. Equipment for processing a ligneous material comprising a unit (LPGcont) for the production of agglomerated particles of the ligneous material, a unit (GAC) for the production of hot air being used for drying particles of the ligneous material, and also at least one mobile load-bearing structure (38, 39) to which the two production units are attached, such that the unit (LPGcont) for the production of agglomerated particles comprises a first dryer (S1) able to dry chips, and a compactor (COM) arranged to compact the sawdust dried by a second dryer (S2) and provide granules of dry sawdust
    characterized in that the unit for the production of agglomerated particles also comprises a grinder (BR) arranged to grind chips dried by the first dryer (S1) and to provide sawdust, the second dryer (S2) arranged to dry the sawdust produced by the grinder and provide dry sawdust, and in that the unit (GAC) for the production of hot air produces the hot air from the ligneous material and comprises a hot air generator (GAC) connected to the dryers to make hot air circulate therein and dry the chips and sawdust, and in that the unit (GAC) for the production of hot air comprises a bundle (23) of tubes communicating with the dryers to make them circulate the hot air in the unit (GAC).
  2. Equipment according to claim 1, wherein the load-bearing structure(s) comprise a chassis (38, 39) arranged to rest on the ground, through stabilizing feet (40) or wheels.
  3. Equipment according to any of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first dryer (S1) is arranged to perform a substantially continuous transfer of dried chips to the grinder, wherein the grinder (BR) is arranged to perform a substantially continuous transfer of sawdust to the second dryer, and wherein the second dryer (S2) is arranged to perform a substantially continuous transfer of dry sawdust to the compactor (COM).
  4. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the unit (LPGcont) for the continuous production of agglomerated particles further comprises a shredder (D1) able to shred slash, trunks, or branches to produce chips, the shredder being arranged to provide chips to the first dryer (S1).
  5. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the unit (LPGcont) for the continuous production of agglomerated particles comprises a granule cooler (REF) which is fed by the compactor and is arranged to provide cooled granules to a packing or evacuation station (EMB), the packing station being mounted on the load-bearing structure(s) (38, 39).
  6. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dryers, and in that event the cooler, spread substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (54) of the load-bearing structure(s) (38, 39), and wherein the hot air generator comprises a hollow cylinder body elongated according to a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis (55), and spreads substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the load-bearing structure(s) (38, 39), along the dryers and in that event the cooler.
  7. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hot air generator (GAC) comprises a bundle (23) of tubes parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, a first end of each tube communicating with ambient air, and a second end of each tube communicating with the dryers to make the air heated in the generator (GAC) circulate therein.
  8. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hot air production unit comprises:
    - a duct (26) for carrying air from the cooler (REF) to the generator (GAC), which is equipped with a fan (V1),
    - a duct (27) for carrying hot air from the generator (GAC) to the second dryer (S2), and
    - a duct (28) for carrying hot air from the second dryer (S2) to the first dryer (S1).
  9. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hot air production unit comprises a second shredder (D2) arranged to provide chips to the generator (GAC).
  10. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hot air production unit comprises a separator (LAV) for retaining cinders and separate them from smoke and combustion gas produced by the generator (GAC).
  11. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 10, which further comprises a unit (30) for the production of electrical energy from the heat produced by the generator (GAC), this unit being arranged on the load-bearing structure(s).
  12. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the load-bearing structure(s) comprise a false chassis which can be removed from a rolling support such as a road trailer, by means of fast unlock fasteners and stabilizing cylinders allowing the false chassis to be lifted and moved away from the rolling support.
  13. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 12, which comprises a control unit (UC) linked to a weight sensor for continuously weighing shredded wood particles, to a sensor sensitive to the humidity of the wood particles, and to a sensor sensitive to the temperature of the dryer(s), the control unit being arranged, in particular programmed, to modify an operating parameter of the unit (LPGcont) for the production of granules, such as the rate of advance of a conveyor (C1, S1, S2, REF) for carrying wood particles, and/or an operating parameter of the unit (GAC) for the production of hot air such as hot air speed or temperature, as a function of signals - or data - provided by the weight sensor, the humidity sensor, and the temperature sensor.
  14. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 13, which further comprises a fire detection and sprinkling control unit, this unit being arranged on the load-bearing structure(s).
EP09772665A 2008-07-02 2009-07-02 Equipment for producing granules from plants Active EP2307178B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0803747A FR2933326A1 (en) 2008-07-02 2008-07-02 APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PELLETS FROM PLANTS
PCT/FR2009/000820 WO2010000982A2 (en) 2008-07-02 2009-07-02 Equipment for producing granules from plants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2307178A2 EP2307178A2 (en) 2011-04-13
EP2307178B1 true EP2307178B1 (en) 2012-10-31

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EP09772665A Active EP2307178B1 (en) 2008-07-02 2009-07-02 Equipment for producing granules from plants

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US (1) US8657217B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2307178B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2730045A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2307178T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2403200T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2933326A1 (en)
PT (1) PT2307178E (en)
WO (1) WO2010000982A2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EE00887U1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2010-01-15 OÜ Novus Inventum Autonomous power mobile pellet production complex
ITBS20110005A1 (en) * 2011-01-21 2012-07-22 Metalliche Vaglio S R L Costruzioni DRYER DEVICE
FR3001910B1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2015-05-01 Ico Polymers France METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF DRY GRANULAR ADDITIVE POLYMER MATERIAL
GB2514772A (en) * 2013-06-03 2014-12-10 Prakashkumar Narasimhamurthy Containerised drier
CN104406366B (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-08-24 中盈长江国际新能源投资有限公司 Biomass fuel mobile vehicle-mounted platform drying means and equipment thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS158618B2 (en) 1967-05-08 1974-11-25
FI58020C (en) 1976-02-09 1980-11-10 Ahlstroem Oy REFERENCE TO A CELLULAR FABRIC FOR ETCH CELLULOSHALTIGE FIBER MATERIAL
FR2491491A1 (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-04-09 Alsa Meca Sarl Wood scrap conversion plant for mfg. small fuel granules - esp. where sawdust is dried by gas obtd. from burning tree bark, and is then pressed into granules
US4528037A (en) * 1981-02-12 1985-07-09 Guidat Gilbert R Method of manufacturing heat insulating aggregates or pellets and product thus obtained
DE3247303A1 (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-07-05 Ukrainskij naučno-issledovatel'skij institut myasnoi i molochnoi promyshlennosti, Kiev Device for comminuting and simultaneously drying heat-sensitive material
JP2006231712A (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-07 Marumi:Kk Pelletizer
ATE482804T1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2010-10-15 Werner Steininger DEVICE FOR SHREDDING WOODEN LOGS

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ES2403200T3 (en) 2013-05-16
DK2307178T3 (en) 2013-02-18
US8657217B2 (en) 2014-02-25
US20110168816A1 (en) 2011-07-14
FR2933326A1 (en) 2010-01-08
EP2307178A2 (en) 2011-04-13
WO2010000982A2 (en) 2010-01-07
WO2010000982A3 (en) 2010-04-08
PT2307178E (en) 2013-02-07
CA2730045A1 (en) 2010-01-07

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