JP2006231712A - Pelletizer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently materialize the effective utilization of the branches and leaves of a tree etc., by enabling the production of a pellet material using the branches and leaves as raw materials in a work spot for cutting the branches and leaves. <P>SOLUTION: The cut branches and leaves are crushed into pieces by a crushing part 10 which is installed/fixed in the cargo chamber of a truck 100, and the pieces are delivered to a drying part 20 installed/fixed in the cargo chamber of the truck 100. The pieces delivered from the crushing part 10 are dried to a prescribed water content by the drying part 20, and the dried pieces are delivered to a pelletizing part 30 installed/fixed in the cargo chamber of the truck 100. The pieces of the prescribed water content delivered from the drying part 20 are pelletized by the pelletizing part 30. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a pelletizer. Specifically, it is effective as a resource for branches and leaves such as trees by enabling the production of pellets made from branches and leaves such as trees at work sites where branches and leaves are cut or pruned. The goal is to provide a pelletizer that can be used efficiently.

  For example, when branches and leaves of a tree overhang and become obstacles or when a dead branch occurs in the tree, only the branches or branches are cut and separated from the tree. In that case, the branches and leaves that have been cut and separated have been conventionally incinerated at high cost, buried in the ground and returned to the ground, or disposed of elsewhere and left to decay. .

  However, today, while the finite nature of fossil fuels, which are hydrocarbon-based natural fuels such as oil and natural gas, is pointed out, the realization of energy resources to replace fossil fuels is required. The use of branches and leaves such as trees as fuel resources has attracted attention.

  In that case, if it can be formed into a form that can be immediately used as a fuel resource in the work site for cutting and cutting branches and leaves such as trees, conventionally, without being effectively used, Branches and leaves that have been incinerated at high costs can be used not only as fuel resources, but also after collecting and transporting branches and leaves that have been cut and cut and scattered at the work site to other locations. This is more efficient than the case where the required processing for fuel resources is performed, and the processing cost can be reduced.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems. Therefore, in the present invention, the following means are used. That is, a crushing unit that crushes branches and leaves such as cut and cut trees into pieces, a drying unit that dries branches and leaves crushed into pieces by the crushing unit, and a piece dried by the drying unit The pelletized portion for forming the shaped branches and leaves into a pellet shape is mounted on the transportation means so as to be movable.

  According to the present invention, at the work site for cutting and cutting branches and leaves such as trees, the cut and cut branches and leaves can be formed into a form that can be immediately used as a fuel resource. It is possible to use the branches and leaves that have been incinerated without cost as a fuel resource. Not only is it more efficient than collecting the branches and leaves that are cut and cut and scattered at the work site, transporting them to other locations, and then processing them as necessary for fuel resources. Cost can be reduced. Therefore, the effect brought about by the present invention is extremely large in practical use.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 shows the configuration concept of the pelletizer according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 show the configuration of each part shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, the pelletizer according to the present invention is dried by a crushing unit 10 that crushes branches and leaves such as cut and cut trees, a drying unit 20 that dries branches and leaves crushed by the crushing unit 10, and a drying unit 20. It comprises a pelletizing section 30 for molding the strip-shaped branches and leaves into a pellet shape, and each section is mounted and fixed in an opening / closing wing type luggage compartment (not shown) of the truck 100. Therefore, the pelletizer according to the present invention can be moved from a tree or the like to a work site for cutting and cutting branches and leaves.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a crushing unit 10 that crushes branches and leaves. The crushing unit 10 divides branches and leaves such as trees that have been cut and cut as shown in FIG. 2 (a) (partial sectional view). A substantially quadrangular frustum-shaped inlet 11 to be opened opens upward. Two rotating shafts 12a and 12b arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval are arranged below the insertion port 11 as shown in FIG. 2B (a plan view with a part cut away). Screw feeders 13a and 13b for feeding branches and leaves introduced through the insertion port 11 to the inside are fixed to the outer peripheral surface thereof.

  In addition, the two rotary shafts 12a and 12b are provided with cutting blades 14a and 14b that first roughly crush the branches and leaves fed by the screw feeders 13a and 13b, and finer branches and leaves that are coarsely crushed. Cutting blades 15a and 15b to be crushed are mounted respectively. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), a rectangular body-like discharge port 16 through which the branches and leaves crushed into fine pieces are discharged is opened below the latter cutting blades 15a and 15b. Is provided.

  FIG. 3 (partial longitudinal sectional view) shows a configuration of a drying unit 20 that dries branches and leaves that have been crushed by the crushing unit 10 shown in FIG. The drying unit 20 here uses an air flow drying method using hot air. That is, the hot air supply path 28 that is open along the tangential direction of the circumference of the drying drum 21 with the tip open to the circumferential surface of the drying drum 21 near the bottom of the cylindrical drying drum 21 that is installed horizontally. Then, hot air is supplied from the hot air supply device 29 into the drying drum 21. Above the drying drum 21 is communicated with the lower end of a box-shaped upper drying chamber 22 having a cylindrical discharge port 23 for discharging dried strip-like branches and leaves at the upper end. The hot air supplied into 21 rises in the upper drying chamber 22.

  On the other hand, an object to be dried supply path 26 for supplying crushed branches and leaves, which are objects to be dried, into the drying drum 21 has a leading end between the upper drying chamber 22 and the hot air supply path 28. An opening is provided on the peripheral surface. The lower end opening of the dried product supply path 26 is partially formed by a hot air flow straightening plate 27 having a circular arc cross section for preventing the dried product from receiving hot air and blowing into the dried product supply path 26. Shielded.

  Further, a hopper 24 that accommodates the strip-shaped branches and leaves discharged from the crushing unit 10 is disposed above the drying object supply path 26, and a lower end opening thereof and an upper end opening of the drying object supply path 26 are disposed. By operating the rotary feeder 25 interposed therebetween, the strip-shaped branches and leaves are continuously supplied into the drying drum 21. The strip-shaped branches and leaves discharged from the crushing unit 10 are put into the hopper 24 by a pivoted bucket conveyor (not shown), which is a chain conveyor using a large number of buckets.

  FIG. 4 (partial longitudinal cross-sectional view) shows a configuration of a pelletizing unit 30 that molds strip-like branches and leaves dried by the drying unit 20 shown in FIG. 3 into a pellet shape. The pelletizing unit 30 has a rectangular frustum-shaped insertion port 31 into which the strip-shaped branches and leaves dried by the drying unit 20 are opened, and the inserted piece into the lower end opening. The two dried product supply paths 32a and 32b for supplying the cylindrical branches and leaves into the cylindrical chamber 33 communicate with each other in a bifurcated manner. The strip-like branches and leaves discharged from the drying unit 20 are input to the input port 31 of the pelletizing unit 30 by a pivoted bucket conveyor (not shown).

  In the chamber 33, a disk-shaped forming plate 36 having the same diameter as the inner diameter of the chamber 33 for forming the supplied strip-like branches and leaves into a pellet shape is disposed. A large number of circular holes 37 penetrating in the thickness direction are formed in the molded plate 36. In the chamber 33, two pressing rollers 35 a and 35 b that are supported by the rotating shaft 34 and are rotated are disposed so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 34. These pressing rollers 35a and 35b rotate freely themselves, and rotate around the rotation shaft 34 while being in sliding contact with the upper surface portion of the molding plate 36.

  Below the chamber 33 in which the forming plate 36 and the pressing rollers 35a and 35b are respectively disposed, a cylindrical discharge port 38 having a smaller diameter than the chamber 33 for discharging the branches and leaves formed in a pellet shape is provided. Yes.

  As described above, the crushing unit 10, the drying unit 20, and the pelletizing unit 30 described above are fixed in the open / close wing type cargo compartment of the truck 100 (FIG. 1). Here, the weight of the crushing part 10 is about 1400 kg, the weight of the drying part is about 360 kg, and the weight of the pelletizing part 30 is about 1200 kg. In consideration of the weight of an auxiliary device such as a pivoted bucket conveyor, each part is mounted and fixed in a cargo room of a truck 100 having a maximum load capacity of 4000 kg class.

  When the pelletizer according to the present invention configured as described above is used, the pelletizer is movable, and is moved to a work site for cutting and cutting branches such as trees. At the work site, first, the wing of the cargo compartment of the truck 100 is lifted to open the cargo compartment. Therefore, the branches and leaves cut and trimmed are immediately put into the crushing unit 10 at the work site and crushed into pieces of about 5 mm square. In the crushing unit 10, the screw feeders 13a and 13b feed the branches and leaves that have been input by the operator through the input port 11 (FIG. 2) toward the blade barrels 14a and 14b. The blade bodies 14 a and 14 b that have received this crushed the branches and leaves into pieces, and the crushed branches and leaves are discharged through the discharge port 16.

  The discharged strips and leaves are conveyed by a pivoted bucket conveyor and are accommodated in the hopper 24 (FIG. 3) of the drying unit 20. Therefore, the branches and leaves accommodated in the hopper 24 are continuously and quantitatively supplied into the drying drum 21 via the to-be-dried material supply path 26 by the operation of the rotary feeder 25. Branches and leaves supplied into the drying drum 21 receive hot air from the hot air supply device 29 supplied via the hot air supply path 28 and are dried so as to fly in the drying drum 21. After that, it rides on the rising hot air flow and flows into the upper drying chamber 22 to accelerate drying, and is discharged through the discharge port 23. The time required from the supply of branches and leaves to the drying drum 21 from the hopper 24 to the discharge through the discharge port 23 is several seconds.

  In this way, the branches and leaves are dried by the drying unit 20. At this time, the drying unit 20 dries the strips and leaves so that the moisture content is 15 to 20%. This is because if the moisture content of the branches and leaves is too low, the binding components necessary for pelletization contained in the branches and leaves will not work, and it will be impossible to form the strip-shaped branches and leaves into a pellet form. It is.

  The branches and leaves dried by the drying unit 20 are discharged through the discharge port 23 at the upper end of the upper drying chamber 22, and the discharged branches and leaves are pivoted toward the input port 31 (FIG. 3) of the pelletizing unit 30.・ It is conveyed by bucket conveyor. The strip-shaped branches and leaves that have been input to the input port 31 of the pelletizing unit 30 are dropped and supplied into the chamber 33 through the respective dry matter supply paths 32a and 32b.

  In the chamber 33, the supplied strip-like branches and leaves are pushed into the circular holes 37 formed in the molding plate 36 by the rotating pressing rollers 35 a and 35 b. The strip-shaped branches and leaves pressed into each circular hole 37 generate heat by being pressurized, and thereby the binding components contained in the branches and leaves act and the strip-shaped branches and leaves Branches and leaves are formed into a pellet having a diameter of about 5 mm and a length of about 10 mm. The pelletized branches and leaves are discharged from the pelletizing unit 30 through the discharge port 38. The discharged pellet-like branches and leaves are packed by hand or by a bagging device (not shown). The time required for the cut and pruned branches and leaves to start being put into the crushing unit 10 and discharged as pellets from the pelletizing unit 30 is about several minutes.

  The object to be pelletized by the pelletizer according to the present invention as described above is typically a tree branch and leaf, but is not limited thereto. In addition, for example, bamboo trunks and branches and leaves, grass, flowers, ivy, and the like can also be applied.

  In addition, the structure of the crushing part 10 used for the pelletizer by this invention and the pelletizing part 30 is not restricted to the structure shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, respectively. Any device can be used as long as it is a device capable of crushing branches and leaves of trees and the like into pieces and pelletizing the pieces of branches and leaves.

  However, the drying unit 20 for drying the branches and leaves crushed into pieces by the crushing unit 10 is limited to the configuration shown in FIG. That is, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is essential to achieve the object of the present invention. According to this configuration, continuous and high-speed processing is possible, and even with the smallest and smallest processing type, at least 100 kg of strip-like branches and leaves per hour can be dried. Therefore, it can correspond to each processing speed of the crushing part 10 and the pelletization part 30, and crushing, drying, and pelletization of branches and leaves can be collectively processed simultaneously.

  As a result, the drying unit 20 having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is interposed between the crushing unit 10 and the pelletizing unit 30, and the entire crushing unit 10, the drying unit 20 and the pelletizing unit 30 are used as one device. Even if it comprises, the whole apparatus can be operated smoothly. Therefore, if the entire crushing unit 10, the drying unit 20 and the pelletizing unit 30 are mounted in the cargo room of the truck 100 and moved to a work site where cuttings and cuttings of branches and leaves are immediately pelletized, This makes it possible to efficiently obtain a fuel resource using branches and leaves as a raw material at low cost.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows the structural concept of the pelletizer by this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the crushing part shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-section which shows the structure of the drying part shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-section which shows the structure of the pelletizing part shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Crushing part 11 Input port 12a, 12b Rotating shaft 13a, 13b Screw feeder 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b Cutting blade 16 Discharge port 20 Drying part 21 Drying drum 22 Upper drying chamber 23 Discharge port 24 Hopper 25 Rotary feeder 26 Covered Dry material supply path 27 Hot-air flow straightening plate 28 Hot-air supply path 29 Hot-air supply device 30 Pelletizing section 31 Input port 32a, 32b Raw material supply path 33 Chamber 34 Rotating shaft 35a, 35b Press roller 36 Mold plate 37 Circular hole 38 Discharge port 100 truck

Claims (2)

Crushing means (10) for crushing branches and leaves into strips;
Drying means (20) for drying the branches and leaves crushed into pieces by the crushing means to a predetermined moisture content;
Pelletizing means (30) for forming the crushed branches and leaves, which have been dried to the predetermined moisture content by the drying means, into pellets, is mounted on the transport means (100) and can be moved. A pelletizer. The drying means
A hot air supply device (29) for supplying hot air;
A horizontally disposed cylindrical drying drum (21);
Hot air from the hot air supply device, which is disposed along the tangential direction of the circumference of the drying drum with the front end opened to the peripheral surface of the drying drum near the bottom of the drying drum, is supplied into the drying drum. A hot air supply path (28) for
A box-shaped upper drying chamber (22) having a discharge port (23) at an upper end portion and disposed above the drying drum and having a lower end communicating with the drying drum;
A hopper (24) for accommodating branches and leaves crushed into strips discharged from the crushing means;
Between the hot air supply path and the upper drying chamber, a front end is provided protruding from the peripheral surface of the drying drum, and a lower end opening is partially formed by a hot air flow straightening plate (27) having an arcuate cross section. A to-be-dried object supply path (26) for supplying the shielded and shredded branches and leaves accommodated in the hopper into the drying drum;
A rotary feeder (25) interposed between the lower end opening of the hopper and the upper end opening of the to-be-dried product supply path for continuously supplying quantitatively the branches and leaves crushed into strips; The pelletizer according to claim 1, comprising:

Images