EP1815113B1 - Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1815113B1
EP1815113B1 EP05809778A EP05809778A EP1815113B1 EP 1815113 B1 EP1815113 B1 EP 1815113B1 EP 05809778 A EP05809778 A EP 05809778A EP 05809778 A EP05809778 A EP 05809778A EP 1815113 B1 EP1815113 B1 EP 1815113B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
exhaust
catalytic converter
oxidation catalyst
oxidation
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP05809778A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1815113A1 (de
Inventor
Rolf Miebach
Heiner BÜLTE
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Deutz AG
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Deutz AG
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Publication of EP1815113B1 publication Critical patent/EP1815113B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an exhaust gas purification system having a particulate filter which is switched on in an exhaust gas line for separating soot from the exhaust gas of a self-igniting internal combustion engine and with an oxidation catalytic converter arranged upstream of the particulate filter for removing soot collected in the particulate filter.
  • the oxidation catalyst is used for the conversion of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide to water and carbon dioxide, while for the separation of the carbon black from the exhaust gas stream, a particle filter downstream of the oxidation catalyst is used. With the reaction taking place in the oxidation catalyst, a temperature increase of the exhaust gas is achieved. This temperature is further increased by a post-injection of fuel. Specifically, a method for controlling the post-injection depending on the oxidation catalyst and the loading state of the particulate filter is specified.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating an emission control system, with which the total emissions of an internal combustion engine can be reduced.
  • a further oxidation catalyst is used, which has a different vote, so that it avoids the unwanted side reactions, namely from NO to NO 2 and SO 2 to SO 4 outside the regeneration phases of the particulate filter or at least reduced and the desired reactions, namely the oxidation of CO and HC to H 2 O and CO 2 performs.
  • the function of the oxidation catalyst is thus to increase the exhaust gas temperature by the oxidation of hydrocarbons (exothermic catalytic converter). This provides a contribution to the required exhaust gas temperature for the periodic regeneration of the particulate filter with O 2 contained in the exhaust gas. Since the elevated temperature should prevail only during the phase of regeneration in the exhaust system, the oxidation catalyst is suppressed from the exhaust line and displayed again.
  • the oxidation rate can thus be varied between low oxidation and maximum oxidation by the oxidation catalyst can be bypassed controlled via a bypass line, in which a further oxidation catalyst is used with a different vote.
  • the variable activity of the oxidation catalyst is used to dampen the activity of the oxidation catalyst outside of the regeneration phases of the particulate filter. As a result, unwanted side reactions, such as those of NO to NO 2 and of SO 3 to SO 4 avoided or reduced.
  • the exhaust gas temperature by a controlled operation of the oxidation catalyst upstream pilot burner variable, in particular raisable.
  • the pilot burner in particular in operating states in which the previously described measures of temperature increase (for example, at low partial load) are insufficient, the exhaust gas temperature can be additionally increased.
  • the pilot burner is always used only at maximum effective oxidation catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by an internal combustion engine 1 is supplied to an oxidation catalytic converter 3 via an exhaust gas line 2a, flows through it and is supplied to a particle filter 4 via further exhaust gas lines 2b, 2c.
  • This particle filter 4 is designed as a discontinuously regenerating particle filter 4, that is, the filtered out of the exhaust gas (soot) particles are burned off discontinuously. This burning off takes place in the particle filter 4 by increasing the exhaust gas temperature to about 600 ° C.
  • This increase in the exhaust gas temperature is achieved by oxidizing oxidation of CO and HC to H 2 O and CO 2 in the oxidation catalyst.
  • the oxidation rate of the oxidation catalyst 3 can be varied and / or the oxidation catalyst 3 can be suppressed from the exhaust gas line.
  • the blanking takes place in the form that to the oxidation catalyst 3, a bypass line 2e exists over which the oxidation catalyst is controlled bypassed.
  • a further oxidation catalyst 3a is used in the bypass line 2e, which has a different tuning and emissions in the exhaust gas, for example, reduced HC, CO, HC particles.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is, if necessary, additionally variable by a controlled operation of a pilot burner upstream of the oxidation catalyst, in particular can be increased.
  • a pilot burner upstream of the oxidation catalyst, in particular can be increased.
  • the control of the oxidation rate and / or the suppression and superimposition takes place, for example, by sensor-appropriate detection of suitable parameters (engine speed, injection quantity values, load values, exhaust gas temperature, nitrogen dioxide concentration) and / or the use of electronic controls using stored maps.
  • suitable parameters engine speed, injection quantity values, load values, exhaust gas temperature, nitrogen dioxide concentration
  • the carbon monoxide emission of the internal combustion engine can be controlled, since this in turn directly influences the conversion of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide.

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage mit einem in einem Abgasstrang eingeschalteten Partikelfilter zur Abtrennung von Ruß aus dem Abgas einer selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschine und mit einem dem Partikelfilter vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator zur Entfernung des in dem Partikelfilter gesammelten Rußes.
  • Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der DE 199 52 830 A1 bekannt. Gemäß diesem Dokument wird der Oxidationskatalysator zur Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoff und Kohlenmonoxid zu Wasser und Kohlendioxid verwendet, während für die Abtrennung des Rußes aus dem Abgasstrom ein dem Oxidationskatalysator nachgeschalteter Partikelfilter zum Einsatz kommt. Mit der in dem Oxidationskatalysator stattfindenden Umsetzung wird eine Temperaturerhöhung des Abgases erreicht. Diese Temperatur wird durch eine Nacheinspritzung von Kraftstoff weiter erhöht. Speziell wird ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der Nacheinspritzung in Abhängigkeit des Oxidationskatalysators und dem Beladungszustand des Partikelfilters angegeben.
  • Weitere Verfahren zum Betreiben von Abgasreinigungsanlagen sind aus der DE 103 54 276 A1 und der WO 2004/025092 A1 bekannt. Gemeinsames Merkmal der in diesen Dokumenten beschriebenen Betreibungsverfahren ist die gezielte Umgehung eines Oxidationskatalysators zum Zwecke einer Temperatursteuerung des Abgases für eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine
  • Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage anzugeben, mit denen die Gesamtemissionen einer Brennkraftmaschine vermindert werden.
  • Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass in die Umgehungsleitung ein weiterer Oxidationskatalysator eingesetzt ist, der eine andere Abstimmung aufweist, so dass er außerhalb der Regenerationsphasen des Partikelfilters die unerwünschten Nebenreaktionen, nämlich die von NO zu NO2 und von SO2 zu SO4 vermeidet oder zumindest reduziert und die erwünschten Reaktionen, nämlich die Oxidation von CO und HC zu H2O und CO2 ausführt. Die Funktion des Oxidationskatalysators ist es also, durch die Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen die Abgastemperatur zu erhöhen (Exothermiekat). Damit wird ein Beitrag zur benötigten Abgastemperatur für die periodische Regeneration des Partikelfilters mit im Abgas enthaltenen O2 geliefert. Da die erhöhte Temperatur nur während der Phase der Regeneration in Abgasstrang herrschen soll, wird der Oxidationskatalysator aus dem Abgasstrang ausgeblendet und wieder eingeblendet. Dies erfolgt kontinuierlich regelbar. Die Oxidationsrate ist also zwischen geringer Oxidation und maximaler Oxidation variierbar, indem der Oxidationskatalysator über eine Bypassleitung, in die ein weiterer Oxidationskatalysator mit einer anderen Abstimmung eingesetzt ist, gesteuert umgehbar ist. Die variable Aktivität des Oxidationskatalysators wird eingesetzt, um außerhalb der Regenerationsphasen des Partikelfilters die Aktivität des Oxidationskatalysators zu dämpfen. Dadurch werden unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen, wie beispielsweise die von NO zu NO2 und von SO3 zu SO4 vermieden beziehungsweise reduziert.
  • In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Abgastemperatur durch ein gesteuertes Betreiben eines dem Oxidationskatalysator vorgeschalteten Zündbrenners variierbar, insbesondere erhöhbar. Mit dem Einsatz des Zündbrenners kann insbesondere in Betriebszuständen, in denen die zuvor geschilderten Maßnahmen der Temperaturerhöhung (beispielsweise bei unterer Teillast) nicht ausreichen, die Abgastemperatur zusätzlich erhöht werden. Der Zündbrenner wird aber immer nur bei maximal wirksamen Oxidationskatalysator eingesetzt.
  • Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der Zeichnungsbeschreibung zu entnehmen, in der ein in der einzigen Figur dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel näher beschrieben ist.
  • Das von einer Brennkraftmaschine 1 emittierte Abgas wird über eine Abgasleitung 2a einem Oxidationskatalysator 3 zugeführt, durchströmt diesen und wird über weiterführende Abgasleitungen 2b, 2c einem Partikelfilter 4 zugeführt. Dieser Partikelfilter 4 ist als diskontinuierlich regenerierender Partikelfilter 4 ausgebildet, das heißt, die aus dem Abgas ausgefilterten (Ruß-) Partikel werden diskontinuierlich abgebrannt. Dieser Abbrennvorgang erfolgt im Partikelfilter 4 durch eine Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur auf ca. 600°C.
  • Diese Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur wird dadurch erreicht, dass in dem Oxidationskatalysator eine Oxidation von Oxidation von CO und HC zu H2O und CO2 erfolgt. Die Oxidationsrate des Oxidationskatalysators 3 ist variierbar und/oder der Oxidationskatalysator 3 aus dem Abgasstrang ausblendbar.
  • Die Ausblendung erfolgt in der Form, dass zu dem Oxidationskatalysator 3 eine Umgehungsleitung 2e existiert, über die der Oxidationskatalysator gesteuert umgehbar ist. Dabei ist in die Umgehungsleitung 2e ein weiterer Oxidationskatalysator 3a eingesetzt, der eine andere Abstimmung aufweist und Emissionen im Abgas, beispielsweise HC, CO, HC-Partikel verringert.
  • Die Abgastemperatur ist bedarfsweise zusätzlich durch ein gesteuertes Betreiben eines dem Oxidationskatalysator vorgeschalteten Zündbrenners variierbar, insbesondere erhöhbar. Durch den Einsatz dieses Zündbrenners kann insbesondere in Betriebszuständen, in denen die zuvor geschilderten Maßnahmen zur Temperaturerhöhung (beispielsweise bei unterer Teillast) nicht ausreichen, die Abgastemperatur zusätzlich erhöht werden.
  • Die Steuerung der Oxidationsrate und/oder der Ausblendung und Einblendung erfolgt beispielsweise durch sensormäßige Erfassung geeigneter Parameter (Brennkraftmaschinendrehzahl, Einspritzmengenwerte, Lastwerte, Abgastemperatur, Stickstoffdioxidkonzentration) und/oder den Einsatz von elektronischen Steuerungen unter Verwendung von abgespeicherten Kennfeldern. Alternativ zu der Umgehungsleitung 2e kann durch eine Abstimmung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung die Kohlenstoffmonoxidemission der Brennkraftmaschine gesteuert werden, da diese wiederum direkt die Umwandlung von Stickstoffmonoxid zu Stickstoffdioxid beeinflusst.
    • Bezugszeichenliste:
    • 1
    Brennkraftmaschine
    2a, 2b, 2c, 2d
    weiterführende Abgasleitung
    2e
    Umgehungsleitung
    3, 3a
    Oxidationskatalysator
    4
    Partikelfilter

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage mit einem in einem Abgasstrang eingeschalteten Partikelfilter (4) zur Abtrennung von Ruß aus dem Abgas einer selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschine (1) und mit einem dem Partikelfilter (4) vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator (3,3a) zur Oxidation von CO und HC zu H2O und CO2 zum Zweck der Abgastemperaturerhöhung, wobei durch die Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur der in dem Partikelfilter (4) gesammelte Ruß abgebrannt wird, wobei die Oxidationsrate des Oxidationskatalysators (3) varlierbar ist und wobei der Oxidationskatalysator (3) über eine Umgehungsleitung (2e) gesteuert umgehbar ist, um ausserhalb der Regenerationsphasen des Partikelfilter die Aktivität des Oxidationskatalysators zu dämpfen und dadurch unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen, wie beispielsweise die von NO zu NO2 zu vermeiden beziehungsweise zu reduzieren
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Umgehungsleitung (2e) ein weiterer Oxidationskatalysator (3a) eingesetzt ist, der eine andere Abstimmung aufweist und andere Emissionen im Abgas, beispielsweise HC, CO, HC-Partikel verringert.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgastemperatur zusätzlich durch ein gesteuertes Betreiben eines dem Oxidationskatalysator (3) vorgeschalteten Zündbrenners variierbar, insbesondere erhöhbar ist.
EP05809778A 2004-11-27 2005-11-24 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage Not-in-force EP1815113B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004057434A DE102004057434A1 (de) 2004-11-27 2004-11-27 Oxidationskatalysator und Partikelfilter
PCT/EP2005/012557 WO2006056432A1 (de) 2004-11-27 2005-11-24 Oxidationskatalysator und partikelfilter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1815113A1 EP1815113A1 (de) 2007-08-08
EP1815113B1 true EP1815113B1 (de) 2010-02-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05809778A Not-in-force EP1815113B1 (de) 2004-11-27 2005-11-24 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1815113B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE457415T1 (de)
DE (2) DE102004057434A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006056432A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61112716A (ja) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-30 Mitsubishi Motors Corp デイ−ゼルパテイキユレ−ト捕集装置
JP2712783B2 (ja) * 1990-08-10 1998-02-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP3089989B2 (ja) * 1995-05-18 2000-09-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ディーゼル機関の排気浄化装置
JP3250645B2 (ja) * 1995-05-24 2002-01-28 日野自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化装置
DE19533355A1 (de) * 1995-09-08 1997-03-13 Wilfried Faerber Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abgasen
DE10043613A1 (de) * 2000-08-02 2002-02-14 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Regenerierbare Filteranordnung zur Reinigung von Abgasen einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
JP3758617B2 (ja) * 2002-07-12 2006-03-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
DE10241065A1 (de) * 2002-09-05 2004-03-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Abgasnachbehandlungsanordnung und Verfahren hierzu
JP4045935B2 (ja) * 2002-11-25 2008-02-13 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置

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DE102004057434A1 (de) 2006-06-08
WO2006056432A1 (de) 2006-06-01
DE502005009005D1 (de) 2010-03-25
ATE457415T1 (de) 2010-02-15
EP1815113A1 (de) 2007-08-08

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