EP1812166A1 - Procede et systeme de filtre destine a extraire des particules de suies - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de filtre destine a extraire des particules de suies

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Publication number
EP1812166A1
EP1812166A1 EP05799131A EP05799131A EP1812166A1 EP 1812166 A1 EP1812166 A1 EP 1812166A1 EP 05799131 A EP05799131 A EP 05799131A EP 05799131 A EP05799131 A EP 05799131A EP 1812166 A1 EP1812166 A1 EP 1812166A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic body
channels
voltage
soot particles
pulses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05799131A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carl Maria Prof. Dr. Fleck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1812166A1 publication Critical patent/EP1812166A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the operation of a filter arrangement for separating soot particles from an exhaust gas flow, in which the exhaust gas flow is passed through ceramic bodies extending in the longitudinal direction of a ceramic body, on both sides open channels of the ceramic body, and at parallel to the Channels extending electrodes a voltage to the ceramic body for generating an electric field in the channels of the ceramic body, which is oriented transversely to the axis of the channels, is applied, wherein prior to introducing the exhaust gas into the channels of the ceramic body, a charge of the soot particles by means of another Electrode arrangement takes place, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a filter arrangement for separating soot particles from an exhaust gas flow with a ceramic body with exhaust gas flowing through and extending in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic body, both sides open channels, which are each separated by webs, wherein the ceramic body electrodes for generating an electric field in the channels of the ceramic body, which is respectively oriented transversely to the axis of the channels, are arranged, and seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas in front of the ceramic body, a further electrode arrangement for charging the soot particles is provided, according to the preamble of claim. 8
  • EP 0 880 642 describes, for example, a method in which the soot is deposited by a DC electric field after charging in the channels open on both sides of a honeycomb body made of a dense ceramic and continuously oxidized electrochemically by a gas plasma to carbon dioxide, wherein the gas plasma is excited by the deposition field.
  • the DC field has on the one hand the task of ensuring the deposition of the soot particles, but on the other hand also causing the combustion of the separated particles.
  • a stationary, ie operating with DC electric field makes a strong limitation of the field strength on the honeycomb body necessary, since both at the inlet part and at the outlet part of the honeycomb body, which is usually a monolith, so-called “streamer” (Vorfunken ), which lead to the triggering of sparks and thus not only affect the desired function of the honeycomb body, but in consequence can also lead to its destruction.
  • streamer Vorfunken
  • charge carriers form a slowly growing ion channel (“streamer"), which "short-circuits" the electrodes in its final stage.
  • the electrode voltage is discharged via a very high-energy plasma, which can damage the thin webs between the channels of the honeycomb body and prevents the formation of the electric field for the deposition of soot particles.
  • the external contact of the honeycomb body, together with its supply and circuit capacities has been found because the spark before discharging all of these capacities can not be deleted and the amount of energy until then to damage the honeycomb body is sufficiently large.
  • Claim 1 relates to a method for operating a filter assembly for separating soot particles from an exhaust gas stream, wherein the exhaust gas stream is passed through extending in the longitudinal direction of a ceramic body, open on both sides channels of the ceramic body, and at parallel to the channels extending electrodes to a voltage the ceramic body for generating an electric field in the channels of the ceramic body, which is respectively oriented transversely to the axis of the channels, is applied, wherein before introducing the exhaust gas flow into the channels of the ceramic body, the soot particles are charged by means of a further electrode arrangement.
  • the voltage applied to the electrodes associated with the ceramic body is unipolar voltage pulses having a pulse duration of less than 20 ⁇ s each.
  • the pulses applied to the electrodes associated with the ceramic body have a pulse duration of less than 20 ⁇ s each, wherein the time interval between two pulses according to claim 2 is at least 50 ⁇ s each.
  • the pulse duration in particular between 6 ⁇ s and 15 ⁇ s and the time interval between two pulses each between ⁇ O ⁇ s and 140 ⁇ s. It is particularly advantageous for the method according to the invention if, in accordance with claim 4, the voltage applied to the electrodes for charging the soot particles is also unipolar voltage pulses. In the course of charging soot particles, a similar problem may arise as when depositing the soot particles.
  • Aerosols such as soot particles in an exhaust gas stream, can only be unipolar charged with a corresponding DC discharge, in which the discharge electrodes are designed differently, so that only at one of the electrodes (called discharge electrode below) builds up a high field that can initiate collision ionization ,
  • the second electrode (referred to below as the counter electrode) is generally at ground potential and is formed by larger parts of the discharge space.
  • the desired ionic polarity is obtained by gas multiplication at the discharge electrode of the desired polarity, and therefore the ions of the desired polarity must be repelled therefrom and traverse the discharge space to the opposite pole electrode, passing through the aerosol therethrough Charge attachment.
  • the aerosols are soot particles from diesel engines which are to be charged in a unipolar manner and deposited by means of a DC electric field, difficulties will be encountered in realizing this arrangement. Supported by condensing water during cold starts, the soot particles in the entire discharge space will deposit on the walls in the course of operation and, in particular, pollute the insulators of the voltage supply until they form a conductive coating which triggers spark discharges that paralyze the discharge path.
  • the applied voltage pulses may be shaped differently than in the electrodes of the ceramic body.
  • claim 4 provides a pulse duration of less than 20 ⁇ s, while the time interval between two pulses is at least 30 ⁇ s.
  • the pulse duration in particular between 2 ⁇ s and lO ⁇ s and the time interval between two pulses each between 40 ⁇ s and 140 ⁇ s.
  • control of the voltage pulses based on a signal which has a substantially the concentration of soot particles in the exhaust gas flow proportional size, and is derived from the control of the electrode assembly for charging the soot particles.
  • Claim 8 refers to a filter assembly for separating soot particles from an exhaust gas stream with a ceramic body with flowed through by the exhaust and extending in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic body, open on both sides channels, which are each separated by webs, wherein the ceramic body electrodes for generating an electric field in the channels of the ceramic body, which is respectively oriented transversely to the axis of the channels, are arranged, and in Flow direction of the exhaust gas seen before the ceramic body, a further electrode arrangement is provided for charging the soot particles.
  • Erfindungsgeraäß is provided that one of the ceramic body associated electrodes is connected to a voltage source for generating unipolar voltage pulses, and the capacitance C of the channels of the ceramic body, in this capacitance by the unipolar pulse peak U 0 induced DC voltage U, thereby triggered plasma currents i and the time interval ⁇ of the unipolar pulses satisfy the following relation
  • the ohmic resistance R of the webs of the ceramic body is selected such that the capacitance C of the channels of the ceramic body and the plasma current i triggered by the DC voltage U in the channels satisfy the following relation
  • the charge carriers in the semifinished ion channels can be distributed again uniformly by diffusion and turbulence, and furthermore be washed away by the exhaust gas flow from the corresponding inlet surface.
  • the total effective resistance of the ceramic body with respect to its associated electrodes is between 100 kOhm and 10 MOhm.
  • Claim 10 relates to the electrode assembly for charging the soot particles and provides that it comprises a discharge electrode and a counter electrode, wherein the discharge electrode is connected to a voltage source for generating unipolar voltage pulses, and the counter electrode of an insulator, preferably a ceramic, with a Volume resistance of 100 k ⁇ cm 2 to 500 k ⁇ cm 2 consists.
  • the side of the counterelectrode facing away from the discharge electrode is electrically contacted and connected to ground, and the side facing the discharge electrode has a surface resistance of 10 4 ⁇ cm to 10 8 ⁇ cm, preferably between 10 5 ⁇ cm to 10 7 ⁇ cm, having.
  • Claim 12 proposes that the counter electrode is provided on its side facing the discharge electrode with a coating of A 1 2O3, TiO, ZrO, CrO or mixtures thereof.
  • two independent circuits for different loading of the ceramic body associated electrodes and the electrodes for charging the soot particles are provided with voltage pulses. This makes it possible, in turn, to realize different duty cycles of the voltage pulses.
  • claim 14 proposes that a ceramic insulation is provided as a carrier for the discharge electrode, and the capacitance C of the discharge gap between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode, the direct current U induced by the unipolar pulse peak Uo in this capacitance, the discharge currents i and i thereby triggered the time interval ⁇ of the unipolar pulses satisfy the following relation
  • the ohmic resistance R of the ceramic insulation is selected so that the capacitance C of the discharge path and the discharge current i triggered by the DC voltage U at the discharge electrode satisfy the following relation
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a possible embodiment of a ceramic body with upstream device for charging soot particles in an exhaust gas stream
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for applying the electrodes associated with the ceramic body with unipolar voltage pulses
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram for applying the discharge electrode with unipolar voltage pulses for charging the soot particles
  • 4a shows an illustration of the voltage conditions in the capacitors behaving like channels of the ceramic body when exposed to the ceramic body zugerodneten electrodes with voltage pulses
  • 4b is an illustration of the voltage relationships between the discharge electrode and the counterelectrode of the electrode arrangement for charging the soot particles when the discharge electrode is subjected to voltage pulses.
  • FIG. 1 for better illustration of the invention.
  • a ceramic body 1 of circular cross-section through press mats, wire mesh 3 or the like. Attached.
  • the hollow inner part 22 of the ceramic body 1 is closed on the inlet side with a nonconductive, preferably ceramic, plug 4.
  • an electrically conductive layer is arranged, which serves as a lying at high voltage inner electrode 5 and lying as outer electrode 6.
  • the hollow interior 22 of the ceramic body 1 is closed at the outlet side by a non-conductive, preferably ceramic, plug 4 '.
  • the plug 4 has a thin hole passing through the ⁇ a thin in diameter as possible metallic pipe 7 which performs the contacting of the internal electrode 5 by means of a contact spring 9 '.
  • the high voltage is the tube. 7 rule by a kerami ⁇ in a
  • the rear end of the tube 7 is tapered to a pin 12 which is electrically connected to the conductor 11 and engages in a recess 13 of the holder 10.
  • the discharge electrode 29 is arranged electrically and mechanically separated from the ceramic body 1 in the pipe 2 of the exhaust line.
  • the discharge electrode 29 has a ceramic insulation 25 as a support for electron-emitting spray teeth 24 and on both sides thin, preferably 2 to 4 mm thick, pins 18, 18 ', through which the discharge electrode 29 in recesses 19, 19' of ceramic mounts 15, 16 is supported.
  • the high voltage is the discharge electrode 29 through a guided in the holder 16 conductor 17 via the Pen 18 supplied.
  • the discharge electrode 29 surrounding the counter electrode 30 is formed by a attached to the tube 2 ceramic coating having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and has a related to the cm 2, elek ⁇ trical resistivity of 1 M ⁇ cm 2 to 1 G ⁇ cm 2 , preferably 10 M ⁇ cm 2 .
  • a PTC thermistor 27 is arranged, which increases its resistance as the temperature increases.
  • the PTC resistor 27 compensated by the increase in its resistance to the decreasing at higher temperatures resistance of the ceramic body.
  • the exhaust gas entering at A is built up during its Que tion 'of the discharge gap 26 between discharge electrode 29 and counter electrode 30 ionizes flows subsequently through the channels 20 of the ceramic body 1 and leaves the soot filter at B. Because of between the internal electrode 5 and external electrode 6 From the walls of the channels 20 occur due to the temperature caused by electrons, which are accelerated by the prevailing electric field in the direction of the soot deposits there, and upon impact initiate oxidation of the soot deposits.
  • honeycomb bodies 1 which has open channels 20, can be electrically contacted for this purpose on two diametrically opposite sides and parallel to the channels 20, specifically in the case of a honeycomb body 1, preferably in the form of a circular ring cylinder on the inner and outer circumferential surface.
  • the effective total resistance of the honeycomb body 1 with respect to its electrical contacting is preferably between 100 k ⁇ and 10 M ⁇ , so that the channels 20 of the honeycomb body 1 and optionally their soot coating with respect to the electrical contacting of the honeycomb body 1 are connected in series by the pulse charging capacity.
  • the unipolar RF pulses can be coupled with a pulse duration of less than 20 .mu.s, preferably between 6 .mu.s and 15 .mu.s, via this contacting in the ceramic 1, this pulse at the earliest after 50 .mu.s, preferably after 60 .mu.s to 140 .mu.s repeated becomes.
  • the unipolar RF pulses can be controlled in their height by a signal which has a size substantially proportional to the concentration of particulate matter and is preferably obtained from the control of the discharge path, which ensures the charging of soot particles.
  • FIG. 4a shows an illustration of the voltage relationships in the channels 20 of the ceramic body 1 following from a pulse charging of this type. Typical values are about 8 kV to 15 kV for the charging voltage peaks and 6 kV to 14 kV for the voltage minima. The voltage minima are low enough, to prevent sparking, but also takes place during the voltage minima Rußabbrand.
  • the individual channels 20 of the honeycomb body 1 with respect to the outer contact 5, 6 of the ceramic body 1 behave like a series circuit of capacitances (more precisely like a network of parallel and serially connected capacitances) charged by the unipolar impulse and release their charge only slowly by collecting the charged soot particles, the Richardson electrons and the high-impedance conduction through the ceramic structure of the honeycomb body 1.
  • the non-similar resistance R of the webs of the ceramic body 1 is selected such that the capacitance C of the channels 20 of the ceramic body 1 and the plasma current i triggered by the DC voltage U in the channels 20 satisfy the following relation
  • the parameter i 0 stands for the plasma currents generated by a voltage Uo.
  • Another advantage of the impulse charging is the greatly reduced susceptibility to leakage flows inside and outside the monolith, since the formation of current paths through the soot or discontinuities of the ceramic feedthroughs also require similar times for their formation, such as the "streamer" itself.
  • the unipolar RF pulses are controlled in their height by a signal which has a size substantially proportional to the concentration of soot particles, and which is preferably obtained from the control of the discharge path 26, the ensures the charging of soot particles.
  • the connection results from the shielding of the electric fields by a high concentration of electrical charges, which are due to soot particles bound to have a low mobility and generate a quasi-static space charge.
  • the voltage applied to the electrodes 29, 30 for charging the soot particles is also a pulsed, unipolar voltage.
  • a DC voltage applied to the electrodes 29, 30 can first cause a low insulation current in the soot lining, which leads to a heating of the conductive region in the soot, thereby reducing the electrical resistance and increasing the current until the temperature reached reaches powerful sparks triggers.
  • sparks from DC discharges by their associated capacitances cause these sparks to release relatively high energies until they are extinguished, leading to heating of the starting points of these sparks ( Spark base). If the DC voltage is switched on again after deletion, the residual heat present at the spark base will suffice for the immediate release of new sparks and the discharge gap must be switched off immediately.
  • there is a further disadvantage If these soot particles are to be deposited to reduce the emissions of diesel vehicles, the sparks prevent the application of this method in the automotive industry due to their strong release of nitrogen oxides.
  • the electrode arrangement for charging the soot particles can be carried out in an advantageous manner so that it comprises a discharge electrode 29 and a counter electrode 30, wherein the discharge electrode 29 is connected to a voltage source for generating unipolar voltage pulses, and the counter electrode 30 of an insulator, preferably one Ceramic, with a volume resistivity of 100 k ⁇ cm 2 to 500 k ⁇ cra 2 consists.
  • the side of the counterelectrode 30 facing away from the discharge electrode 29 is electrically contacted and connected to ground, and the side facing the discharge electrode 29 has a surface resistance of approximately 10 4 ⁇ cm to 10 8 ⁇ cm, preferably between 10 5 ⁇ cm and 10 7 ⁇ cm.
  • the counter electrode 30 may be provided on its side facing the discharge electrode 29 with a coating, for example of A 12 O 3 , TiO, ZrO, CrO or mixtures thereof.
  • the pulse voltage depending on the temperature of the exhaust gas can be measured with about 8 kV to 18 kV pulse peak per cm electrode spacing.
  • the distance between tip 24 and counter electrode 30 may be between 5 mm and 10 mm, so that a preferred pulse voltage between 4 kV and 18 kV results.
  • the discharge electrode 29 may have at least 200, preferably at least 300, electrode tips 24 whose minimum distance from each other is greater than the electrode spacing and about the length of the tips 24 corresponds. In this case, the arrangement of adjacent electrode tips 24 may be offset from each other in the flow direction, and preferably correspond approximately to an equilateral triangle.
  • the arrangement of the discharge electrode 29 with the tips 24, as well as its opposite, smooth counter-electrode 30 is preferably cylindrical and concentric, the smooth counter-electrode 30 as a concentric tube ur ⁇ understand the discharge electrode 29 and is electrically contacted on its outside.
  • the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention works optimally when the electronic parameters are chosen such that the discharge electrode 29 is replaced by very short unipolar pulses whose duration is less than 20 ⁇ s, preferably between 2 ⁇ s and 10 ⁇ s, and whose pulse interval to the next unipolar pulse is at least 30 ⁇ s, preferably between 40 ⁇ s and 140 ⁇ s.
  • These are negative voltage pulses, the choice of which depends on the temperature and the exhaust gas composition.
  • the duration and the distance of the voltage pulses can be controlled for example by a microprocessor whose operating program corrects both an overload of the electronics and flashovers.
  • FIG. 4b shows an illustration of the voltage relationships between the discharge electrode 29 and the counter electrode 30 of the electrode arrangement for charging the soot particles when the discharge electrode 29 is charged.
  • Voltage pulses Voltage minima in the range from 2 kV to 5 kV as well as voltage maxima in the range from 4 kV to 6 kV have proved to be advantageous.
  • the charging current can be limited to a predetermined value by the height (the voltage of the unipolar _ pulse reset. Further, the predetermined for the charging current, maximum value may be stepwise increased by the height of the associated voltage of the unipolar pulse is also gradually returned becomes.
  • the parameter i 0 again stands for the plasma currents generated by a voltage U 0 . This can be avoided very effectively the above-mentioned difficulties. In particular, the short charge peak and the subsequent, slow drop in the voltage between discharge electrode 29 and counter electrode 30, the formation of the heating current paths in the soot and thereby triggered isolation currents to avoid. Also, the energy density of the gas discharge at the discharge electrode 29 can be set significantly higher, without causing a malfunction of the discharge electrode 29. f
  • This charging of the carbon black not only has a very advantageous effect on regeneration by an electrical plasma, but according to the invention also significantly lowers the temperature then necessary for the initiation of the oxidation in the case of a thermally induced regeneration with the aid of a catalyst.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment according to the invention of the electronic circuit, with which unipolar high-voltage pulses are generated and the electrode 5 associated with the ceramic body 1 can be supplied.
  • Fig. 3 shows a corresponding embodiment of an inventive embodiment of the electronic circuit, generated with the unipolar high voltage pulses and the discharge electrode 29 can be fed.
  • the control electronics generates in each case from the supply voltage of the motor vehicle and with the aid of the control signal for pulse voltage, which is removed via the resistor Rl, and the control signal for pulse current, which is removed via the resistor R2, a regulated supply voltage for the primary side 31 of the ferrite core.
  • the Transformer which supplies via a controlled by a processor 32 electronic switch 33, preferably a field effect transistor, the primary side 31 of the ferrite core transformer with correspondingly steep voltage pulses.
  • the outputs of the secondary side 34 of the ferrite core transformer are supplied on the one hand via the high voltage diode 35 of the discharge electrode 29, and on the other hand via the resistor R2 to earth.
  • the negative portion of the high voltage pulse may reach the discharge electrode 29 while the positive portion is being dissipated to ground or delivered to a corresponding control signal for the pulse current.
  • the high electrical resistance of the counter-electrode 30 is represented in the circuit by the resistor R3.
  • This method has been implemented by circuitry, that the unipolar RF pulses are achieved by a series circuit of a ferrite core transformer and a high voltage diode 35 and the plugged in the transformer energy of the second pulse component is fed back into a capacitor, and thus obtained for the primary control of the ferrite core transformer remains.
  • the ferrite core transformer with integrated high-voltage diode 3.5 can be placed approximately directly on the pulse feedthrough of the filter housing.
  • the charging of the ceramic body associated with electrodes 5, 6 and the electrodes 29, 30 for charging the soot particles with voltage pulses by means of independent control circuits, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be seen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'utilisation d'un système de filtre destiné à extraire des particules de suies d'un flux de gaz d'échappement. Le flux de gaz d'échappement est guidé au travers de canaux (20) d'un corps céramique (1), ouverts bilatéralement, s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal du corps céramique (1), et une tension est produite sur des électrodes (5, 6) s'étendant parallèlement aux canaux (20), et appliquée au corps céramique (1) afin de créer un champ électrique dans les canaux (20) du corps céramique (1), orienté perpendiculairement par rapport à l'axe des canaux (20). Avant introduction du flux de gaz d'échappement dans les canaux (20) du corps céramique (1), les particules de suies sont chargées par l'intermédiaire d'un autre système d'électrodes (29, 30). Selon l'invention, la tension produite sur les électrodes (5, 6) affectées au corps céramique (1) est constituée par des impulsions de tension unipolaires présentant une durée d'impulsion inférieure à 20 ?s.
EP05799131A 2004-11-09 2005-11-04 Procede et systeme de filtre destine a extraire des particules de suies Withdrawn EP1812166A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0186604A AT500959B1 (de) 2004-11-09 2004-11-09 Verfahren und filteranordnung zum abscheiden von russpartikeln
PCT/AT2005/000432 WO2006050546A1 (fr) 2004-11-09 2005-11-04 Procede et systeme de filtre destine a extraire des particules de suies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1812166A1 true EP1812166A1 (fr) 2007-08-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05799131A Withdrawn EP1812166A1 (fr) 2004-11-09 2005-11-04 Procede et systeme de filtre destine a extraire des particules de suies

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080017030A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1812166A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT500959B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006050546A1 (fr)

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AT500959A1 (de) 2006-05-15
US20080017030A1 (en) 2008-01-24
WO2006050546A1 (fr) 2006-05-18
AT500959B1 (de) 2007-05-15

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