EP1811230A2 - Method for controlling the air-fuel ratio of a fuel operated burner - Google Patents

Method for controlling the air-fuel ratio of a fuel operated burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1811230A2
EP1811230A2 EP07000643A EP07000643A EP1811230A2 EP 1811230 A2 EP1811230 A2 EP 1811230A2 EP 07000643 A EP07000643 A EP 07000643A EP 07000643 A EP07000643 A EP 07000643A EP 1811230 A2 EP1811230 A2 EP 1811230A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
flame
resistance
air ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07000643A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1811230B1 (en
EP1811230A3 (en
Inventor
Stefan Lehminger
Dietmar Manz
Heinz-Jörg Tomczak
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Priority claimed from AT5902006A external-priority patent/AT503581B1/en
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Publication of EP1811230A2 publication Critical patent/EP1811230A2/en
Publication of EP1811230A3 publication Critical patent/EP1811230A3/en
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Publication of EP1811230B1 publication Critical patent/EP1811230B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/725—Protection against flame failure by using flame detection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/143—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2208/00—Control devices associated with burners
    • F23D2208/10—Sensing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio and flame monitoring of a fuel-fired burner.
  • the flame of a fuel-operated burner is usually detected by measuring an ionisationsstroms in the flame.
  • an electrical conductor In the presence of a flame, a current flow can thus be measured between two electrodes.
  • the electrodes To detect a flame, the electrodes must be within the effective range of the flame.
  • Modern heating systems have large modulation bandwidths. Accordingly, the flames sit at low power directly on the burner; a detection by means of ionization electrode is problematic. At high powers, the flames lift off the burner surface; a different position of the ionization electrode than at low powers is desirable.
  • Infrared sensors are particularly suitable for flame detection in yellow burners (oil firing), but do not provide a sufficiently reproducible signal for a regulation of the fuel-air ratio.
  • the temperature will increase causing an increase in nitrogen oxide concentration. Furthermore, then a complete burnout is not guaranteed. If the mixture is too lean, it may cause ignition problems during ignition. There is also the possibility that after ignition ignites the flame and no stable combustion takes place at the burner.
  • the DE 100 45 270 A1 discloses a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-fired burner, wherein the fuel-air ratio is controlled as a function of the temperature of a sensing element located in the flame. In such a sensor arrangement there is a risk of sensor corrosion, which is why the DE 100 45 270 A1 Sensor consists of ceramic material.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method in which safe and little aging affected the temperature of the burner can be determined to hereby regulate the fuel-air mixture. At the same time, the process should monitor the presence of a flame.
  • this is achieved according to a method for flame monitoring and for controlling the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-operated burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical resistance of the burner or a measuring element on the side facing away from the flame of the burner surface is measured and this signal for monitoring and regulation is used.
  • the presence of a flame and its extinction can be determined according to claim 2.
  • Exceeding a predetermined temperature or a predetermined positive temperature gradient is in this case a sign for the detection of a lighted flame.
  • falling below a certain temperature or exceeding a certain negative temperature gradient is an indication of the extinction of a flame.
  • the electrical resistance can also serve as a signal directly without conversion into an associated temperature.
  • the fuel gas-air ratio is adjusted depending on the determined resistance.
  • the resistance is measured by the measurement of a voltage drop.
  • the burner is connected to a constant current source, so that a voltage drop can be measured at the measuring path.
  • the test section is connected in series with a reference resistor and then measured at the test section, a voltage drop.
  • the fuel-air ratio is first enriched. This increases the temperature as well as the resistance of the measuring section. With stoichiometric combustion, the temperature or the resistance reaches its maximum. Further enrichment of the fuel-air mixture leads to a drop in the measured temperature or the measured resistance. If the maximum is reached, this is a sign of a stoichiometric combustion. Then, the fuel-air mixture can be emptied in a predetermined manner, whereby the burner is operated with an ideal fuel-air mixture.
  • the thermal performance of the burner is determined.
  • each thermal output of the burner can be assigned a specific nominal temperature or a nominal resistance of the measuring element. Accordingly, knowing the resistance and thermal performance, the fuel-air ratio can be readjusted. Details on this are covered by claim 9. If the measured resistance is greater than the target resistance, this is an indication that the flame is too hot. The fuel-air mixture must then be emaciated. In the opposite case, it is known that a small resistance results in too low a temperature, which means that the mixture has to be greased.
  • the change of the fuel-air mixture can in principle be done by, on the one hand, the amount of fuel gas or on the other hand, the amount of air is changed. Since, as a rule, the thermal performance of the burner should remain unchanged, the aim should be that the amount of air is changed. However, it is also possible to change the amount of fuel gas at constant air flow.
  • Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of the resistance of a metal. It becomes clear that the resistance increases with increasing temperature. The resistance of other metals behaves in the same way.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cylindrical burner 12 with a burner surface 9, behind which a perforated plate cylinder 8 is located.
  • the burner 12 is connected via a blower 13 with an air supply 14.
  • In the air supply 14 projects a fuel gas nozzle 18, which is connected via a gas valve 15 with actuator 16 to a fuel gas line 17.
  • the actuator 16 is connected via a control line 20 to a controller 3.
  • the controller 3 is connected via a control line 19 to the motor 21 of the blower 13.
  • the control unit 3 is connected via two measuring lines 4 and connection points 11 to the burner surface 9 in such a way that a measuring path is created between the connection points 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail thereof.
  • a fuel-air mixture 7 first flows through the perforated plate 8 and through this the burner surface 9.
  • a flame 10 is formed on the outside of the burner 12.
  • the flame 10 heats the burner surface 9, so that a measuring path is formed between the connection points 11 on the burner surface 9.
  • the resistance between the two connection points 11 can be passed on to the control 3 via the measuring lines 4.
  • FIG 4 shows the arrangement of the measuring element 6 on the side facing away from the flame 10 of the burner surface 9. Although the measuring element is not heated to flame temperature, but the temperature of the measuring element is linearly dependent on the flame temperature.
  • Figure 5 shows the measuring circuit with constant voltage source 1 and the reference resistor R ref , which is connected in series with the burner resistor R B.
  • a voltage measuring device 2 detects the voltage drop across the measuring path R B. The signal is forwarded to the controller 3, which influences the motor 21 of the blower 13 and the actuator 16 of the gas valve 15 via the control lines 19, 20.
  • Figure 8 shows the relationship between measured temperature T mess and the thermal performance of the burner P for three different fuel gas-air ratios ⁇ .
  • the flame moves away from the burner surface 9, so that the burner surface 9 becomes cooler with increasing thermal load. Accordingly, the measured temperature decreases with increasing load. If the excess air ⁇ is increased, the flame is thereby cooled, and it continues to lift away from the burner, as a result of which the measured temperature decreases. Conversely, the measured temperature increases with a Gemischanfettung, on the one hand, the flame is hotter and also burns earlier, ie closer to the burner.
  • the monitoring and control method according to the invention can first be started with any desired fuel gas / air ratio.
  • To ignite the fan 13 is first activated and shortly thereafter supplied an ignition electrode downstream of the burner with ignition pulses. Then, the actuator 16 releases a part of the flow cross-section of the gas valve 15. If a flame is ignited, the resistance of the measuring section between the connection points 11 changes. If the control 3 realizes a corresponding change in resistance, which indicates a hot flame, then the gas valve 15 remains open. If no resistance or resistance gradient characteristic of the presence of a flame is measured within a predetermined period of time, the gas valve is locked in order to prevent unburnt fuel gas from flowing out.
  • this is first enriched, in which the delivery rate of the blower 13 is reduced at a constant opening of the fuel gas valve 15.
  • the fuel gas volume flow can be changed at a constant air flow.
  • the flame temperature rises, moreover, the flame adheres closer to the burner surface 9.
  • the burner surface 9 heats up and the burner resistance R B increases. If it is determined that the measured temperature or the resistance drops again when the proportion of fuel gas is increased, this is a clear signal that the flame is now burning substoichiometrically.
  • the fuel gas-air ratio is reduced within defined limits, so that the flame can burn with optimum excess air.
  • the amount of air z. B. by increasing the fan speed to increase by 30%, on the other hand, it is also possible to accumulate by a target reading the fuel gas to air ratio accordingly.
  • the maximum burner resistance R B can be measured and the fuel gas-air mixture are so long emaciated until a calculated resistance.
  • the thermal performance of the burner may be detected in addition to the resistance of the burner 12. This can be done, for example, by detecting the opening degree of the gas valve 15 or detecting a measured value derived from the heating power requirement. Since, according to FIG. 8, a predetermined burner temperature is known for each predetermined thermal output of the burner 12, the fuel gas / air mixture can be adjusted accordingly. If it is determined that the resistance or the temperature is too high, the mixture is emaciated, greased in the other case.
  • the gas valve 15 is closed in order to prevent the unburnt fuel gas from escaping avoid.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied to liquid fuels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves detecting electrical resistance of a fuel-operated burner (12) or a measuring unit on a side of the burner surface (9) for monitoring the flame and controlling fuel air ratio of the burner. The burner or the unit is associated to a constant current source, and thermal output of the burner is determined to change a resistance reference value of the fuel-air-ratio. The ratio is decreased when the measured resistance is larger than the reference value, and is increased when the measured resistance is less than the reference value.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses und Flammenüberwachung eines brennstoffbetriebenen Brenners.The invention relates to a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio and flame monitoring of a fuel-fired burner.

Die Flamme eines brennstoffbetriebenen Brenners wird zumeist mittels Messung eines lonisationsstroms in der Flamme erfasst. Hierbei wird die Tatsache ausgenutzt, dass die Ionen in einer Flamme einen elektrischen Leiter darstellen. Beim Vorhandensein einer Flamme kann somit zwischen zwei Elektroden ein Stromfluss gemessen werden. Zum Erkennen einer Flamme müssen sich die Elektroden im Wirkbereich der Flamme befinden.The flame of a fuel-operated burner is usually detected by measuring an ionisationsstroms in the flame. Here, the fact is exploited that represent the ions in a flame, an electrical conductor. In the presence of a flame, a current flow can thus be measured between two electrodes. To detect a flame, the electrodes must be within the effective range of the flame.

Moderne Heizungsanlagen verfügen über große Modulationsbandbreiten. Dementsprechend sitzen die Flammen bei kleinen Leistungen direkt auf dem Brenner auf; eine Erfassung mittels Ionisationselektrode ist problematisch. Bei großen Leistungen heben die Flammen von der Brenneroberfläche ab; eine andere Position der Ionisationselektrode als bei kleinen Leistungen ist wünschenswert.Modern heating systems have large modulation bandwidths. Accordingly, the flames sit at low power directly on the burner; a detection by means of ionization electrode is problematic. At high powers, the flames lift off the burner surface; a different position of the ionization electrode than at low powers is desirable.

Bei der Verwendung moderner Porenbrenner brennt die Flamme nicht oberhalb der Brenneroberfläche, sondern im porösen Brennermaterial selbst. Eine Flammendetektierung und -überwachung über eine herkömmliche Ionisationselektrode ist daher nicht möglich.When modern pore burners are used, the flame does not burn above the burner surface but in the porous burner material itself. Flame detection and monitoring via a conventional ionization electrode is therefore not possible.

Infrarot-Sensoren eignen sich insbesondere zur Flammenerkennung bei Gelbbrennern (Ölfeuerung), bieten jedoch für eine Regelung des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses kein ausreichend reproduzierbares Signal.Infrared sensors are particularly suitable for flame detection in yellow burners (oil firing), but do not provide a sufficiently reproducible signal for a regulation of the fuel-air ratio.

Um eine vollständige und schadstoffarme Verbrennung zu garantieren, ist ein bestimmtes Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis notwendig. Heizungsanlagen werden häufig mit einem Luftüberschuss zwischen 25% und 30% betrieben. Kommt es zu einer Schwankung der Brennstoffqualität, so ist dennoch in der Regel ein vollständiger Ausbrand garantiert.To guarantee complete and low-emission combustion, a certain fuel-air ratio is necessary. Heating systems are often operated with an excess of air between 25% and 30%. If there is a fluctuation in the fuel quality, however, a complete burnout is usually guaranteed.

Ist das Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis zu fett, so steigt die Temperatur, wodurch es zu einer erhöhten Stickoxydkonzentration kommt. Ferner ist dann ein vollständiger Ausbrand nicht gewährleistet. Ist das Gemisch zu mager, so kann es bei der Zündung zu Zündproblemen kommen. Ferner besteht die Möglichkeit, dass nach einem Zünden die Flamme abhebt und keine stabile Verbrennung am Brenner erfolgt.If the fuel-to-air ratio is too rich, the temperature will increase causing an increase in nitrogen oxide concentration. Furthermore, then a complete burnout is not guaranteed. If the mixture is too lean, it may cause ignition problems during ignition. There is also the possibility that after ignition ignites the flame and no stable combustion takes place at the burner.

Aus der DE 20 2004 017 850 U1 ist ein Verfahren zur Einstellung des Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnisses bei einem Gasbrenner bekannt, bei dem die Flammentemperatur erfasst wird. Hierzu ist es notwendig, mittels eines Thermoelementes die Flammentemperatur zu erfassen. Derartige Messelemente unterliegen bei der hohen Temperatur einer hohen Alterung, und somit unterliegt die Messung einem starken Drift.From the DE 20 2004 017 850 U1 is a method for adjusting the fuel gas-air ratio in a gas burner is known in which the flame temperature is detected. For this it is necessary to detect the flame temperature by means of a thermocouple. Such measuring elements are subject to high aging at the high temperature, and thus the measurement is subject to a strong drift.

Die DE 100 45 270 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses eines brennstoffbetriebenen Brenners, bei dem das Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur eines in der Flamme befindlichen Messelementes geregelt wird. Bei einer derartigen Sensoranordnung besteht die Gefahr der Sensorkorrosion, weshalb der aus DE 100 45 270 A1 Sensor aus Keramikmaterial besteht.The DE 100 45 270 A1 discloses a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-fired burner, wherein the fuel-air ratio is controlled as a function of the temperature of a sensing element located in the flame. In such a sensor arrangement there is a risk of sensor corrosion, which is why the DE 100 45 270 A1 Sensor consists of ceramic material.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, bei welchem sicher und wenig alterungsbehaftet die Temperatur des Brenners ermittelt werden kann, um hiermit das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch zu regeln. Gleichzeitig soll das Verfahren das Vorhandensein einer Flamme überwachen.The invention has for its object to provide a method in which safe and little aging affected the temperature of the burner can be determined to hereby regulate the fuel-air mixture. At the same time, the process should monitor the presence of a flame.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies gemäß eines Verfahrens zur Flammenüberwachung und zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses eines brennstoffbetriebenen Brenners gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch erreicht, dass der elektrische Widerstand des Brenners oder eines Messelements auf der der Flamme abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche gemessen wird und dieses Signal zur Überwachung und Regelung verwendet wird.According to the invention this is achieved according to a method for flame monitoring and for controlling the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-operated burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical resistance of the burner or a measuring element on the side facing away from the flame of the burner surface is measured and this signal for monitoring and regulation is used.

Anhand des so ermittelten Widerstandes beziehungsweise der daraus abgeleiteten Temperatur kann gemäß Anspruch 2 das Vorhandensein einer Flamme und deren Erlöschen festgestellt werden. Das Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Temperatur oder eines vorbestimmten positiven Temperaturgradienten ist hierbei ein Zeichen für das Erkennen einer gezündeten Flamme. Umgekehrt ist das Unterschreiten einer bestimmten Temperatur oder das Überschreiten eines bestimmten negativen Temperaturgradienten ein Zeichen für das Erlöschen einer Flamme. Der elektrische Widerstand kann auch unmittelbar ohne Umrechung in eine dazugehörige Temperatur als Signal dienen.Based on the thus determined resistance or the temperature derived therefrom, the presence of a flame and its extinction can be determined according to claim 2. Exceeding a predetermined temperature or a predetermined positive temperature gradient is in this case a sign for the detection of a lighted flame. Conversely, falling below a certain temperature or exceeding a certain negative temperature gradient is an indication of the extinction of a flame. The electrical resistance can also serve as a signal directly without conversion into an associated temperature.

Gemäß den Merkmalen des abhängigen Anspruchs 3 wird das Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnis in Abhängigkeit des ermittelten Widerstandes eingestellt.According to the features of the dependent claim 3, the fuel gas-air ratio is adjusted depending on the determined resistance.

Gemäß den Merkmalen des abhängigen Anspruchs 4 wird der Widerstand durch die Messung eines Spannungsabfalls gemessen.According to the features of dependent claim 4, the resistance is measured by the measurement of a voltage drop.

Gemäß den Merkmalen des abhängigen Anspruchs 5 wird der Brenner an einer Konstantstromquelle angeschlossen, so dass an der Messstrecke ein Spannungsabfall gemessen werden kann. Alternativ hierzu wird die Messstrecke in Reihe mit einem Referenzwiderstand geschaltet und sodann an der Messstrecke ein Spannungsabfall gemessen.According to the features of dependent claim 5, the burner is connected to a constant current source, so that a voltage drop can be measured at the measuring path. Alternatively, the test section is connected in series with a reference resistor and then measured at the test section, a voltage drop.

Gemäß den Merkmalen des abhängigen Verfahrensanspruchs 7 wird das Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis zunächst angefettet. Hierdurch steigt die Temperatur als auch der Widerstand der Messstrecke. Bei stöchiometrischer Verbrennung erreicht die Temperatur bzw. der Widerstand sein Maximum. Eine weitere Anfettung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches führt zu einem Abfall der gemessenen Temperatur bzw. des gemessenen Widerstandes. Wird das Maximum erreicht, so ist dies ein Zeichen für eine stöchiometrische Verbrennung. Alsdann kann das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch in vorgegebener Weise abgemagert werden, wodurch der Brenner mit idealem Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch betrieben wird.According to the features of the dependent method claim 7, the fuel-air ratio is first enriched. This increases the temperature as well as the resistance of the measuring section. With stoichiometric combustion, the temperature or the resistance reaches its maximum. Further enrichment of the fuel-air mixture leads to a drop in the measured temperature or the measured resistance. If the maximum is reached, this is a sign of a stoichiometric combustion. Then, the fuel-air mixture can be emptied in a predetermined manner, whereby the burner is operated with an ideal fuel-air mixture.

Alternativ hierzu wird neben dem Widerstand des Brenners oder des in der Flamme des Brenners befindlichen Messelementes die thermische Leistung des Brenners bestimmt. In vorangegangenen Versuchen kann jeder thermischen Leistung des Brenners eine bestimmte Soll-Temperatur bzw. ein Soll-Widerstand des Messelementes zugewiesen werden. Dementsprechend kann in Kenntnis des Widerstandes und der thermischen Leistung das Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis nachgeregelt werden. Details hierzu schützt Anspruch 9. Ist der gemessene Widerstand größer als der Soll-Widerstand, so ist dies ein Zeichen dafür, dass die Flamme zu heiß ist. Das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch muss dann abgemagert werden. Im umgekehrten Fall ist bekannt, dass aus einem kleinen Widerstand eine zu geringe Temperatur resultiert, was bedeutet, dass das Gemisch angefettet werden muss. Die Veränderung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches kann prinzipiell dadurch geschehen, dass einerseits die Brenngasmenge oder andererseits die Luftmenge verändert wird. Da in der Regel die thermische Leistung des Brenners unverändert bleiben soll, ist anzustreben, dass die Luftmenge verändert wird. Es ist jedoch auch eine Veränderung der Brenngasmenge bei konstantem Luftstrom möglich.Alternatively, in addition to the resistance of the burner or located in the flame of the burner measuring element, the thermal performance of the burner is determined. In previous tests, each thermal output of the burner can be assigned a specific nominal temperature or a nominal resistance of the measuring element. Accordingly, knowing the resistance and thermal performance, the fuel-air ratio can be readjusted. Details on this are covered by claim 9. If the measured resistance is greater than the target resistance, this is an indication that the flame is too hot. The fuel-air mixture must then be emaciated. In the opposite case, it is known that a small resistance results in too low a temperature, which means that the mixture has to be greased. The change of the fuel-air mixture can in principle be done by, on the one hand, the amount of fuel gas or on the other hand, the amount of air is changed. Since, as a rule, the thermal performance of the burner should remain unchanged, the aim should be that the amount of air is changed. However, it is also possible to change the amount of fuel gas at constant air flow.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren detailliert erläutert. Hierbei zeigt

  • Figur 1 den Zusammenhang zwischen Widerstand R und Temperatur T bei einem metallischen Element,
  • Figur 2 einen Brenner mit Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
  • Figur 3 einen Ausschnitt aus dem Brenner mit Auswertevorrichtung,
  • Figur 4 ein Detail hieraus,
  • Figur 5 eine Auswerteschaltung,
  • Figur 6 eine weitere Auswerteschaltung,
  • Figur 7 den Zusammenhang zwischen Luftüberschuss und Temperatur sowie
  • Figur 8 den Zusammenhang zwischen thermischer Leistung und Messtemperatur für mehrere Luftzahlen.
The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. This shows
  • FIG. 1 shows the relationship between resistance R and temperature T for a metallic element,
  • FIG. 2 shows a burner with devices for carrying out the method according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of the burner with evaluation device,
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail of this
  • FIG. 5 shows an evaluation circuit,
  • FIG. 6 shows a further evaluation circuit,
  • Figure 7 shows the relationship between excess air and temperature and
  • FIG. 8 shows the relationship between thermal power and measuring temperature for a plurality of air numbers.

Figur 1 zeigt die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Widerstandes eines Metalls. Es wird deutlich, dass mit zunehmender Temperatur der Widerstand ansteigt. Der Widerstand anderer Metalle verhält sich in gleicher Weise.Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of the resistance of a metal. It becomes clear that the resistance increases with increasing temperature. The resistance of other metals behaves in the same way.

Figur 2 zeigt einen zylindrischen Brenner 12 mit einer Brenneroberfläche 9, hinter der sich ein Lochblechzylinder 8 befindet. Der Brenner 12 ist über ein Gebläse 13 mit einer Luftzuführung 14 verbunden. In die Luftzuführung 14 ragt eine Brenngasdüse 18, welche über ein Gasventil 15 mit Stellantrieb 16 mit einer Brenngasleitung 17 verbunden ist. Der Stellantrieb 16 ist über eine Steuerleitung 20 mit einer Regelung 3 verbunden. Die Regelung 3 ist über eine Steuerleitung 19 mit dem Motor 21 des Gebläses 13 verbunden. Letztendlich ist die Regelung 3 über zwei Messleitungen 4 und Anschlusspunkten 11 mit der Brenneroberfläche 9 derartig verbunden, dass zwischen den Anschlusspunkten 11 eine Messstrecke entsteht.Figure 2 shows a cylindrical burner 12 with a burner surface 9, behind which a perforated plate cylinder 8 is located. The burner 12 is connected via a blower 13 with an air supply 14. In the air supply 14 projects a fuel gas nozzle 18, which is connected via a gas valve 15 with actuator 16 to a fuel gas line 17. The actuator 16 is connected via a control line 20 to a controller 3. The controller 3 is connected via a control line 19 to the motor 21 of the blower 13. Finally, the control unit 3 is connected via two measuring lines 4 and connection points 11 to the burner surface 9 in such a way that a measuring path is created between the connection points 11.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Detail hieraus. Im Brenner 12 strömt ein Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch 7 zunächst das Lochblech 8 und durch dieses die Brennerfläche 9 an. Auf der Außenseite des Brenners 12 bildet sich eine Flamme 10. Die Flamme 10 erwärmt die Brenneroberfläche 9, sodass zwischen den Anschlusspunkten 11 auf der Brenneroberfläche 9 eine Messstrecke entsteht. Der Widerstand zwischen den beiden Anschlusspunkten 11 kann über die Messleitungen 4 an die Regelung 3 weitergegeben werden.FIG. 3 shows a detail thereof. In the burner 12, a fuel-air mixture 7 first flows through the perforated plate 8 and through this the burner surface 9. On the outside of the burner 12, a flame 10 is formed. The flame 10 heats the burner surface 9, so that a measuring path is formed between the connection points 11 on the burner surface 9. The resistance between the two connection points 11 can be passed on to the control 3 via the measuring lines 4.

Figur 4 zeigt die Anordnung des Messelements 6 auf der der Flamme 10 abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche 9. Das Messelement wird zwar nicht auf Flammentemperatur erhitzt, doch ist die Temperatur des Messelements linear von der Flammentemperatur abhängig.4 shows the arrangement of the measuring element 6 on the side facing away from the flame 10 of the burner surface 9. Although the measuring element is not heated to flame temperature, but the temperature of the measuring element is linearly dependent on the flame temperature.

Figur 5 zeigt die Messschaltung mit Konstantspannungsquelle 1 und dem Referenzwiderstand Rref, welcher in Serie mit dem Brennerwiderstand RB geschaltet ist. Ein Spannungsmessgerät 2 erfasst den Spannungsabfall an der Messstrecke RB. Das Signal wird an die Regelung 3 weitergeleitet, welche über die Steuerleitungen 19, 20 den Motor 21 des Gebläses 13 sowie den Stellantrieb 16 des Gasventils 15 beeinflusst.Figure 5 shows the measuring circuit with constant voltage source 1 and the reference resistor R ref , which is connected in series with the burner resistor R B. A voltage measuring device 2 detects the voltage drop across the measuring path R B. The signal is forwarded to the controller 3, which influences the motor 21 of the blower 13 and the actuator 16 of the gas valve 15 via the control lines 19, 20.

Alternativ hierzu ist bei der Messschaltung gemäß Figur 6 der Brennerwiderstand RB an eine Konstantstromquelle 5 angeschlossen. Figur 7 zeigt den Zusammenhang zwischen Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnis λ und Flammentemperatur T. Bei stöchiometrischer Verbrennung (λ=1) ist die Verbrennungstemperatur maximal.Alternatively, in the measuring circuit according to FIG. 6, the burner resistor R B is connected to a constant current source 5. FIG. 7 shows the relationship between fuel gas / air ratio λ and flame temperature T. In the case of stoichiometric combustion (λ = 1), the combustion temperature is maximum.

Figur 8 zeigt den Zusammenhang zwischen gemessener Temperatur Tmess und der thermischen Leistung des Brenners P für drei verschiedenen Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnisse λ. Mit zunehmender thermischer Belastung entfernt sich die Flamme von der Brenneroberfläche 9, so dass die Brenneroberfläche 9 mit zunehmender thermischer Belastung kühler wird. Dementsprechend fällt mit zunehmender Belastung die gemessene Temperatur. Wird der Luftüberschuss λ erhöht, so wird hierdurch die Flamme gekühlt, ferner hebt sie weiter vom Brenner ab, wodurch die gemessene Temperatur abnimmt. Umgekehrt erhöht sich die gemessene Temperatur mit einer Gemischanfettung, da einerseits die Flamme heißer wird und zudem auch früher, d. h. näher am Brenner verbrennt.Figure 8 shows the relationship between measured temperature T mess and the thermal performance of the burner P for three different fuel gas-air ratios λ. With increasing thermal stress, the flame moves away from the burner surface 9, so that the burner surface 9 becomes cooler with increasing thermal load. Accordingly, the measured temperature decreases with increasing load. If the excess air λ is increased, the flame is thereby cooled, and it continues to lift away from the burner, as a result of which the measured temperature decreases. Conversely, the measured temperature increases with a Gemischanfettung, on the one hand, the flame is hotter and also burns earlier, ie closer to the burner.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungs- und Regelungsverfahren kann einerseits zunächst mit einem beliebigen Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnis begonnen werden. Zum Zünden wird zunächst das Gebläse 13 aktiviert und kurz danach eine Zündelektrode stromab des Brenners mit Zündimpulsen versorgt. Dann gibt der Stellantrieb 16 einen Teil des Strömungsquerschnitts des Gasventils 15 frei. Wird eine Flamme gezündet, so verändert sich der Widerstand der Messstrecke zwischen den Anschlusspunkten 11. Realisiert die Regelung 3 eine entsprechende Widerstandsänderung, welche auf eine heiße Flamme schließen lässt, so bleibt das Gasventil 15 geöffnet. Wird binnen einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne kein für das Vorhandensein einer Flamme typischer Widerstand beziehungsweise Widerstandsgradient gemessen, so wird das Gasventil verriegelt, um das Ausströmen unverbrannten Brenngases zu vermeiden.The monitoring and control method according to the invention, on the one hand, can first be started with any desired fuel gas / air ratio. To ignite the fan 13 is first activated and shortly thereafter supplied an ignition electrode downstream of the burner with ignition pulses. Then, the actuator 16 releases a part of the flow cross-section of the gas valve 15. If a flame is ignited, the resistance of the measuring section between the connection points 11 changes. If the control 3 realizes a corresponding change in resistance, which indicates a hot flame, then the gas valve 15 remains open. If no resistance or resistance gradient characteristic of the presence of a flame is measured within a predetermined period of time, the gas valve is locked in order to prevent unburnt fuel gas from flowing out.

Zum Einstellen eines für eine schadstoffarme optimalen Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnisses wird dieses zunächst angefettet, in dem die Förderleistung des Gebläses 13 bei konstanter Öffnung des Brenngasventils 15 reduziert wird. Alternativ kann der Brenngasvolumenstrom bei konstantem Luftstrom verändert werden. Die Flammentemperatur steigt, zudem haftet die Flamme näher an der Brenneroberfläche 9. Hierdurch erhitzt sich die Brenneroberfläche 9 und der Brennerwiderstand RB steigt. Wird nun bei Erhöhung des Brenngasanteils festgestellt, dass die gemessene Temperatur bzw. der Widerstand wieder abfällt, so ist dies ein eindeutiges Signal dafür, dass die Flamme nun unterstöchiometrisch brennt. Ausgehend vom Temperatur- bzw. Widerstandsmaximum wird das Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnis in definierten Grenzen abgemagert, so dass die Flamme mit optimalem Luftüberschuss brennen kann. Hierzu ist es einerseits möglich, die Luftmenge z. B. durch eine Erhöhung der Gebläsedrehzahl um 30% zu erhöhen, andererseits ist es auch möglich, durch einen Zielmesswert das Brenngas-Luft-Verhältnis entsprechend abzumagern. So kann der maximale Brennerwiderstand RB gemessen werden und das Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch derart lange abgemagert werden, bis sich ein errechneter Widerstand einstellt.To set one for a low-emission optimum fuel gas-air ratio, this is first enriched, in which the delivery rate of the blower 13 is reduced at a constant opening of the fuel gas valve 15. Alternatively, the fuel gas volume flow can be changed at a constant air flow. The flame temperature rises, moreover, the flame adheres closer to the burner surface 9. As a result, the burner surface 9 heats up and the burner resistance R B increases. If it is determined that the measured temperature or the resistance drops again when the proportion of fuel gas is increased, this is a clear signal that the flame is now burning substoichiometrically. Starting from the temperature or resistance maximum, the fuel gas-air ratio is reduced within defined limits, so that the flame can burn with optimum excess air. For this purpose, it is possible on the one hand, the amount of air z. B. by increasing the fan speed to increase by 30%, on the other hand, it is also possible to accumulate by a target reading the fuel gas to air ratio accordingly. Thus, the maximum burner resistance R B can be measured and the fuel gas-air mixture are so long emaciated until a calculated resistance.

Alternativ hierzu kann die thermische Leistung des Brenners zusätzlich zum Widerstand des Brenners 12 erfasst werden. Dies kann beispielsweise hierdurch geschehen, dass der Öffnungsgrad des Gasventils 15 erfasst wird oder ein aus der Heizleistungsanforderung abgeleiteter Messwert erfasst werden. Da gemäß Figur 8 zu jeder vorgegebenen thermischen Leistung des Brenners 12 eine Soll-Brennertemperatur bekannt ist, kann entsprechend das Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch angepasst werden. Wird festgestellt, dass der Widerstand bzw. die Temperatur zu hoch ist, so wird das Gemisch abgemagert, im anderen Fall angefettet.Alternatively, the thermal performance of the burner may be detected in addition to the resistance of the burner 12. This can be done, for example, by detecting the opening degree of the gas valve 15 or detecting a measured value derived from the heating power requirement. Since, according to FIG. 8, a predetermined burner temperature is known for each predetermined thermal output of the burner 12, the fuel gas / air mixture can be adjusted accordingly. If it is determined that the resistance or the temperature is too high, the mixture is emaciated, greased in the other case.

Wird während des mutmaßlichen Brennerbetriebs von der Regelung 3 eine entsprechende Widerstandsänderung, welche auf das Erlöschen der Flamme schließen lässt, realisiert, so wird das Gasventil 15 geschlossen, um das Ausströmen unverbrannten Brenngases zu vermeiden. In der Regel schließt sich ein neuer Zündversuch an. Bleiben mehrere Zündversuche erfolglos, so verriegelt die Regelung 3 den Brenner derartig, dass ein Neustart nur durch einen Fachhandwerker initiiert werden kann.If, during the presumed burner operation, a corresponding change in resistance, which is indicative of the extinguishment of the flame, is realized by the controller 3, the gas valve 15 is closed in order to prevent the unburnt fuel gas from escaping avoid. In general, joins a new ignition attempt. If several ignition attempts are unsuccessful, regulation 3 locks the burner in such a way that a restart can only be initiated by a specialist tradesman.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lässt sich auch auf flüssige Brennstoffe anwenden.The method according to the invention can also be applied to liquid fuels.

Claims (9)

Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses eines brennstoffbetriebenen Brenners (12) mit einer Brenneroberfläche (9), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrischen Widerstandes des Brenners (12) oder eines Messelements (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) erfasst wird und zur Überwachung und Regelung dient.Method for flame monitoring and / or for regulating the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-operated burner (12) with a burner surface (9), characterized in that the electrical resistance of the burner (12) or a measuring element (6) on the flame ( 10) facing away from the burner surface (9) is detected and used for monitoring and control. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Freigabe des Brenngases und Einsetzen der Zündung das Über- oder Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen ersten Grenzwiderstandes oder eines vorgegebenen ersten Widerstandsgradienten beziehungsweise, wenn aus dem elektrischen Widerstandes des Brenners (12) oder eines Messelements (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) eine Temperatur bestimmt wird, bei Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen ersten Grenztemperatur oder eines vorgegebenen positiven Temperaturgradienten ΔT / Δt als Indiz für das Vorhandensein einer Flamme gewertet wird und das spätere Über- oder Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen zweiten Grenzwiderstandes oder eines vorgegebenen zweiten Widerstandsgradienten beziehungsweise das Unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen zweiten Grenztemperatur oder eines vorgegebenen negativen Temperaturgradienten ΔT / Δt als Indiz für das Erlöschen einer Flamme gewertet wird.A method for flame monitoring and / or for controlling the fuel-air ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that after the release of the fuel gas and the onset of ignition, the exceeding or falling below a predetermined first limit resistance or a predetermined first resistance gradient or, if from the electrical resistance of the burner (12) or a measuring element (6) on the flame (10) facing away from the burner surface (9) a temperature is determined, when exceeding a predetermined first limit temperature or a predetermined positive temperature gradient .DELTA.T / At as an indication of the Presence of a flame is evaluated and the later exceeding or falling below a predetermined second limit resistance or a predetermined second resistance gradient or falling below a predetermined second limit temperature or a predetermined negative temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t is evaluated as an indication of the extinction of a flame. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis in Abhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes des Brenners (12) oder eines Messelements (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) geregelt wird.Method for flame monitoring and / or for controlling the fuel-air ratio according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fuel-air ratio in dependence of the electrical resistance of the burner (12) or a measuring element (6) on the flame (10) facing away from the burner surface (9) is controlled. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstand des Brenners (12) oder des Messelements (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) durch die Messung des Spannungsabfalls gemessen wird.Method for flame monitoring and / or for controlling the fuel-air ratio according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the resistance of the burner (12) or the measuring element (6) on the flame (10) facing away from the burner surface (9) is measured by measuring the voltage drop. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brenner (12) oder das Messelement (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) an eine Konstantstromquelle (5) angeschlossen wird.Method for flame monitoring and / or for regulating the fuel-air ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that the burner (12) or the measuring element (6) on the flame (10) facing away from the burner surface (9) to a constant current source (5) is connected. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brenner (12) oder das Messelement (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) in Reihe mit einem Referenzwiderstand Rref an eine Konstantspannungsquelle (5) angeschlossen wird.A method for flame monitoring and / or for controlling the fuel-air ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that the burner (12) or the measuring element (6) on the flame (10) facing away from the burner surface (9) in series with a reference resistor R ref is connected to a constant voltage source (5). Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff- Luft-Verhältnisses nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch solange angefettet wird, bis die gemessene Temperatur oder der gemessene Widerstand nach anfänglichem Anstieg wieder fällt und das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch dann in vorgegebenem Verhältnis oder bis zu einem bestimmten Messwert, der vom maximalen Messwert abhängig ist, abgemagert wird.A method for flame monitoring and / or for controlling the fuel-air ratio according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fuel-air mixture is enriched until the measured temperature or the measured resistance falls after initial increase again and the fuel-air mixture is then emaciated in a predetermined ratio or up to a certain measured value, which depends on the maximum measured value. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben dem Widerstand des Brenners (12) oder des Messelements (6) auf der der Flamme (10) abgewandten Seite der Brenneroberfläche (9) die thermische Leistung des Brenners (12) bestimmt wird und in Abhängigkeit zur thermischen Leistung des Brenners (12) vorgegebenen Widerstandssollwerten das Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnis verändert wird.Method for flame monitoring and / or for regulating the fuel-air ratio according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in addition to the resistance of the burner (12) or the measuring element (6) on the flame (10) facing away from the Burner surface (9), the thermal performance of the burner (12) is determined and in dependence on the thermal performance of the burner (12) predetermined resistance setpoints, the fuel-air ratio is changed. Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung und / oder zum Regeln des Brennstoff- Luft-Verhältnisses nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenn der gemessene Widerstand größer als der Widerstandssollwert ist das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch abgemagert und wenn der gemessene Widerstand kleiner als der Widerstandssollwert ist das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch angefettet wird, wobei vorzugsweise die Brennstoffmenge konstant gehalten wird und die Luftmenge verändert wird.A method for flame monitoring and / or for controlling the fuel-air ratio according to claim 8, characterized in that when the measured resistance is greater than the resistance setpoint, the fuel-air mixture is emaciated and if the measured resistance is less than the resistance setpoint, the fuel Air mixture is enriched, preferably wherein the amount of fuel is kept constant and the amount of air is changed.
EP07000643.2A 2006-01-19 2007-01-13 Method for controlling the air-fuel ratio of a fuel operated burner Active EP1811230B1 (en)

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DE102006002857 2006-01-19
AT5902006A AT503581B1 (en) 2006-04-06 2006-04-06 Flame monitoring method for fuel operated burner, involves detecting electrical resistance of burner or measuring unit on side of burner surface for monitoring flame and controlling fuel air ratio of burner
DE102006037475 2006-08-10

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EP2549187A2 (en) 2011-07-18 2013-01-23 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG Method for controlling the air ratio of a burner
ITBO20120568A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-18 Gas Point S R L ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR COMBUSTION IN A FUEL GAS BURNER
CN111396869A (en) * 2020-03-16 2020-07-10 济南红烛科技有限公司 Low-calorific-value gas burner and combustion technology

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EP1253376A2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-10-30 David Deng Gas pilot system and method having improved oxygen level detection capability and gas fueled device including the same

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GB2270748A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-03-23 Caradon Heating Ltd Burner control systems
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EP0770824A2 (en) * 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Method and circuit for controlling a gas burner
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EP2549187A2 (en) 2011-07-18 2013-01-23 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG Method for controlling the air ratio of a burner
DE102011079325A1 (en) * 2011-07-18 2013-01-24 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Method for controlling the air number of a burner
EP2549187A3 (en) * 2011-07-18 2015-04-29 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG Method for controlling the air ratio of a burner
DE102011079325B4 (en) * 2011-07-18 2017-01-26 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Method for controlling the air number of a burner
ITBO20120568A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-18 Gas Point S R L ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR COMBUSTION IN A FUEL GAS BURNER
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US9951951B2 (en) 2012-10-17 2018-04-24 Gas Point S.R.L. Apparatus for controlling and adjusting the combustion in a fuel gas burner
CN111396869A (en) * 2020-03-16 2020-07-10 济南红烛科技有限公司 Low-calorific-value gas burner and combustion technology

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