EP1807338B1 - Wind resisting crane securing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a wind safety device for at least two outdoor cranes (2a, 2b), able to move by traveling gears (6) on a jointly shared crane track (1), especially track-mounted full gantry cranes, with holding devices engaging at or in the region of the crane track (1) to prevent the cranes (2a, 2b) from lifting up and being pulled away when certain wind speeds are exceeded, and it being possible to join together at least two neighboring cranes (2a, 2b) in the region of the traveling gears (6). In order to achieve greater safety against the lifting up and pulling away of cranes (2a, 2b) taken out of operation due to high wind speeds prevailing, it is proposed that impact elements (10a, 10b) be arranged above the coupling on the at least two neighboring cranes (2a, 2b), lying against each other when the at least two neighboring cranes (2a, 2b) are coupled together.

Description

The invention relates to a storm protection for at least two cranes movable on bogies in the open on a common crane runway, in particular tracked gantry cranes, with holding devices acting on or in the area of the crane runway for preventing the jacking off and lifting of the cranes when certain wind speeds are exceeded, at least two adjacent cranes can be coupled together in the field of trolleys.

According to existing directives and standards (for example DIN 15 019, Part 1), cranes operating outdoors must be taken out of operation above a certain wind speed and secured against the drifting and lifting of the crane runway by the wind. The wind speed for decommissioning depends on the design of the crane. Various holding devices for cranes are known; mainly rail clamps are used (see, for example DD 285 747 ). Brake shoes, mechanical interlocks and rail brakes are also used. When using rail brakes, the braking power to be installed is determined taking into account the rolling resistance of the rail running gear, the effective windage area of the impacted crane, its shape coefficients and the back pressure. The shape coefficients and the dynamic pressure are determined using a reference wind speed depending on the location of the crane. Also, the braking power to be installed can be minimized by an additional existing engine brake. The mathematical proof of the safety of the crane against tipping also takes place taking into account the aforementioned data and values.

In addition, from the German patent application DE 199 13 980 A1 already known a crane connection for at least two high cranes in port facilities. This crane connection comprises at least one coupling piece on each crane, via which the cranes can be connected to one another in order to achieve high stability against tipping over in the wind. This type of crane connection should have the advantage of saving central ballasts and guy ropes on the cranes. Here, the cranes are designed as gantry cranes, which are movable on bills on bills. The Coupling pieces are designed as bolt connections with corresponding lugs arranged on the cranes. Preferably, the coupling pieces are automatically connected to each other. The installation locations for the coupling pieces are indicated below in the area of the landing gear on the portal and / or on the top of the crane.

The object of the present invention is to improve a storm protection for cranes, especially for rail-mounted and braked gantry cranes, so that for a set because of high wind speeds out of service crane higher security against abortion and take-off by the wind is achieved.

This object is achieved by a storm protection for at least two cranes that can be moved outdoors on a common crane track, in particular rail-mounted gantry cranes, with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

According to the invention, in a storm protection for at least two cranes movable in the open on a common crane track on bogies, especially rail-mounted gantry cranes with holding devices acting on or in the area of the crane track to prevent the jacking off and lifting of the cranes when certain wind speeds are exceeded, at least two adjacent cranes In the field of trolleys are coupled with each other, an improved storm protection achieved in that above the coupling to the at least two adjacent cranks abutting elements are arranged, which abut each other in the coupled state of at least two adjacent cranes.

By coupling two adjacent cranes is available for securing against driving off the crane by wind in the off mode, the installed braking power of these two or possibly other coupled cranes available. The same applies to the lifting of the cranes by wind power, which is opposite the double weight of the coupled cranes.

In addition to the mechanical coupling of the adjacent cranes in the area of the trolleys, it is provided according to the invention that the cranes coupled to one another abut each other above the coupling via abutment elements. By this combination of the upper abutment elements, which are provided exclusively for the transmission of compressive forces, and the lower mechanical coupling optimal storm protection of the cranes is achieved, since the wind forces acting on the cranes are passed over the abutment elements in both cranes, especially in their portals , and thus be collected and supported by the chassis of both cranes. It is then important that a simultaneous drifting of the cranes in the area of the chassis is counteracted by the simultaneous mechanical locking in the chassis. In addition, with respect to the abutment elements, it is not necessary to provide locking or unlocking, which facilitates handling.

An optimization of the storm protection, in particular the management of wind forces in the trolleys, is achieved in that the abutment elements in the upper region of each crane, with gantry cranes preferably in the region of the upper bridge girders, are arranged.

It is structurally particularly advantageous that the abutment elements are formed in a buffer-like manner with end faces which rest against one another in the mutually coupled state of the at least two adjacent cranes for receiving and passing on compressive forces.

Particularly favorable conditions arise when, according to a feature of the invention in the secured parking position of the directly flowed by the wind crane or the other coupled with him cranes at least partially covers. Thus, if the arrangement of the cranes on the common crane lane to each other in the parking position is selected so that at least one crane or large areas of one or more other cranes is in the lee of the crane first streamed by the wind or stand, which reduces in the calculation of installed braking power incoming effective wind attack surface, so that improve the effective performance of the rail brakes of the involved cranes.

According to the invention are as brakes rail brakes or other known aids such as drag shoes, mechanical interlocks, rail tongs or the like, with which individual cranes were previously secured on the crane track or on the rail.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is proposed that a coupling member is provided for coupling the at least two immediately adjacent to each other, preferably on impact, driven, with which the adjacent cranes are positively connected. In the case of an impending storm or wind speeds that no longer allow the crane operation, at least two of the adjacent, movable on the common crane track cranes are driven so close to each other or on impact against each other that both cranes can be positively connected to a coupling member. This coupling member, as soon as the danger of storms is over, can be easily removed again, but connects the two or, if appropriate, with further coupling members, several adjacent cranes as storm protection with one another. The cranes then also have contact in the area of the impact elements.

In a favorable embodiment of the invention it is provided that each coupling link connects two coupling pieces with each other, which are fastened to accommodate acting tensile and compressive forces between the adjacent cranes each in the area of the chassis on each crane. The coupling through the tension and compression connection is thus provided in a favorable manner near the ground, where in the chassis area a particularly effective coupling of the cranes is achieved. In addition, the coupling pieces are identical, so that a production is simplified and the coupling of the cranes is facilitated because the coupling pieces always match each other.

Preferably, each coupling piece is substantially horizontally and parallel to the crane track so cantilever mounted on the chassis of each crane that can be positively releasably connect to each other opposite free ends of the two coupling pieces.

These coupling pieces can even form the outer ends of the cranes, which makes sense if it is provided according to another feature of the invention that the coupling member formed on the coupling pieces, embraces correspondingly shaped abutment surfaces and thereby the front side abutting each other coupling pieces fixed.

In a very simple embodiment, the coupling member is designed double-T-shaped, wherein the web is recessed in recesses in the opposite end faces of the coupling pieces so that the inner sides of the flanges of the coupling member engage corresponding abutment surfaces on the wall-like coupling pieces behind. Such trained coupling links are very easy to handle, are easy to insert and just as easy to remove again.

• Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht zweier erfindungsgemäß miteinander gekoppelter Portalkrane,
• Figur 2 eine vergrößerte Detailansicht von Figur 1 aus dem Bereich der miteinander gekoppelten Fahrwerke der Portalkrane und
• Figur 3 eine vergrößerte Detailansicht von Figur 1 aus dem Bereich der aneinander anstoßenden Portalstützen der Portalkrane.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described below. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a perspective view of two according to the invention coupled gantry cranes,
• FIG. 2 an enlarged detail view of FIG. 1 from the field of interconnected trolleys of gantry cranes and
• FIG. 3 an enlarged detail view of FIG. 1 from the area of the adjoining portal supports of the gantry cranes.

The FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of two according to the invention for storm protection in a parking position coupled together and designed as a gantry crane cranes 2a and 2b, which are movable on a common crane track 1. Each of the two cranes 2a, 2b is conventionally constructed and consists essentially of the four vertical gantry supports 3a, 3b, the upper ends of which are connected transversely to the direction of travel F of the cranes 2a and 2b bridge girders 9a, 9b to form the portal. On each of the bridge girders 9a, 9b, a trolley 12a, 12b with the lifting devices arranged thereon can be moved along the bridge girders 9a, 9b. The lower ends of the gantry supports 3a, 3b are each supported on a chassis 6, which roll on rails 1a, 1b of a crane track 1. The rails 1a, 1b in this case run parallel and at a distance from each other.

In addition, the trolleys 6 each have a plurality of movable on the rails 1a, 1b wheels 13, the per chassis 6 seen in the direction of travel F consecutively are arranged. The lower end of the respective vertical gantry supports 3a, 3b is supported approximately centrally on the chassis 6, so that the chassis 6 seen in the direction of travel F projects forward or rearward over the gantry support 3a, 3b and thus a front end 14v and a rear end 14h with respect to the respective crane 2a, 2b form.

Also shows the FIG. 1 the parking position of the two cranes 2a, 2b, which have taken these when due to high wind speeds the operation of the cranes 2a, 2b had to be set for safety reasons. In the parking position, the cranes 2a and 2b seen in the direction of travel F drove so close behind each other that the two cranes 2a and 2b in the area of their trolleys 6 with their respective front and rear ends 14v, 14h abut each other. The je rail 1a, 1b so abutting trolleys 6 and thus the cranes 2a and 2b are additionally in the region of their front and rear ends 14v, 14h by means of a coupling member 4, which later in connection with the FIG. 2 will be described in more detail, mechanically interconnected.

In addition, in the parking position, the opposing portal supports 3a, 3b adjoin one another in the region of their upper ends adjacent to the bridge supports 9a, 9b. Since, as described above, the undercarriages 6 protrude forwards and rearwards as viewed in the direction of travel F, forming the front and rear ends 14v, 14h with respect to the gantry supports 3a, 3b, buffer-like abutment elements 10a, 10b are provided on the gantry supports 3a, 3b. In the park position, the free ends of the respective abutment elements 10a, 10b touch, but they are not locked together. The abutment elements 10a, 10b are simply formed as pipe sections, which extend laterally, horizontally and in the direction of travel F of the portal supports 3a, 3b and the free end in each case to form an end face 11 (see FIG. 3 ) is closed.

In addition to the mechanical connection of the trolleys 6 via the coupling member 4 in the parking position, the holding devices of both cranes are brought into operation at the same time, for example by activating the rail brakes of each crane 2a, 2b, not shown.

In the FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view of the detail X of FIG. 1 shown, which shows the area of the coupled chassis 6 of the cranes 2a, 2b in their parking position. For this purpose, a coupling piece 5a or a coupling piece 5b is fixedly arranged on each chassis 6, which form either the front or the rear end 14v, 14h of the respective crane 2a, 2b. The coupling pieces 5a, 5b are each formed as U-shaped steel profiles which protrude parallel to the crane track 1 in the direction of the adjacent crane 2a and 2b via the wheels 13 of the chassis 6. To form a contact surface, the mutually facing ends 14v, 14h of the U-shaped coupling pieces 5a, 5b are respectively closed with an end wall 7a, 7b. In the illustrated parking position of the cranes 2a, 2b, the cantilevered ends 14v, 14h of the coupling pieces 5a, 5b abut each other substantially with their end walls 7a, 7b, so that between the cranks 2a and 2b acting compressive forces on the coupling pieces 5a, 5b between can be transmitted to the cranes 2a and 2b.

In order to be able to transmit tensile forces between the cranes 2a and 2b at the same time, a coupling element 4 is provided in addition to the adjoining coupling pieces 5a and 5b, which clamps the coupling pieces 5a and 5b together and holds them in abutment. The coupling member 4 is - as in FIG. 2 recognizable - formed double-T-shaped from a steel sheet and is inserted with its web 4a in a corresponding recess in the two coupling pieces 5a and 5b. This upwardly open recess is provided in a respective end of the coupling piece 5a, 5b end wall 7a, 7b, which forms on the side facing away from the contact surface simultaneously each a contact surface 8a, 8b for the inner sides of the flanges of the double-T-shaped coupling member 4, when these flanges grip the end walls 7a and 7b of the coupling pieces 4 behind. In this way, the two cranes 2a and 2b are positively connected with each other and thus offer a much higher security against wind and storm than conventional storm fences individually secured cranes.

Particularly favorable conditions occur when the second crane 2b is substantially in the slipstream of the first crane 2a, which is the case when the wind blows from a direction W parallel to the direction of travel F. Then act on the second crane 2b lower wind forces, so that this can take over the coupling with the first crane 2a part of the required for the directly flowed crane 2a braking power.

The FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail view of the detail Y of FIG. 1 concerning the area of the abutting elements 10a, 10b of the cranes 2a, 2b abutting each other in the parking position. These are provided to secure the cranes 2a, 2b at high wind speeds against tipping over. The free ends of the abutment elements 10a, 10b abut each other with their facing end faces 11, as soon as the coupling pieces 5a and 5b of the trolleys 6 are frontally adjacent to each other. As a result, the cranes 2 a, 2 b are also supported against one another in the upper area, thereby significantly increasing the standing moment of the cranes 2 a, 2 b in wind and storm. The free ends of the abutment elements 10a, 10b are not locked together.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

crane track

1a

rail

1b

rail

2a

first crane

2 B

second crane

3a

portal support

3b

portal support

4

coupling member

4a

web

5a

coupling piece

5b

coupling piece

6

landing gear

7a

bulkhead

7b

bulkhead

8a

contact surface

8b

contact surface

9a

bridge support

9b

bridge support

10a

impact elements

10b

impact elements

11

front

12a

trolley

12b

trolley

13

bikes

14v

front end

14h

rear end

F

direction of travel

W

wind direction

X

enlarged

Y

enlarged

Claims (10)

1. Securing system for storm winds for at least two cranes (2a, 2b), and in particular rail-mounted gantry cranes, able to travel in the open air by means of bogies (6) on a common crane track (1), having holding means engaging with or in the region of the crane track (1) to prevent the cranes (2a, 2b) from being shifted and lifted off when certain wind speeds are exceeded, at least two adjoining cranes (2a, 2b) being able to be coupled together in the region of their bogies (6) by a coupling member (4), characterised in that there are arranged on the at least two adjoining cranes (2a, 2b), above the coupling, abutment members (10a, 10b) which rest against one another when the at least two adjoining cranes (2a, 2b) are in the coupled-together state.
2. Securing system for storm winds according to claim 1, characterised in that the abutment members (10a, 10b) are arranged in the upper region of each crane (2a, 2b), and in the case of gantry cranes preferably in the region of the gantry girders (9a, 9b) at the top.
3. Securing system for storm winds according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the abutment members (10a, 10b) are designed to be buffer-like and to have end-faces which rest against one another to absorb compressive forces when the at least two adjoining cranes (2a, 2b) are in the coupled-together state.
4. Securing system for storm winds according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, in the parked position, that crane (2a) which is directly subject to the incident wind at least partly covers the crane (2b) or further cranes which are coupled to it.
5. Securing system for storm winds according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the holding means are rail brakes or even other aids such as chocks, mechanical locking systems, rail-engaging clamps.
6. Securing system for storm winds according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, to couple the at least two cranes (2a, 2b) which travel immediately next to one another and preferably in abutment, a coupling member (4) is provided with which the adjoining cranes (2a, 2b) can be connected by positive interengagement.
7. Securing system for storm winds according to claim 6, characterised in that each coupling member (4) connects together two coupling pieces (5a, 5b) which, to allow tensile and compressive forces which are acting between the adjoining cranes (2a, 2b) to be absorbed, are fastened to the respective cranes (2a, 2b) in the region of the bogie (6).
8. Securing system for storm winds according to claim 7, characterised in that a coupling piece (5a, 5b) is fastened to the bogie (6) of each crane (2a and 2b) as a horizontal cantilevered member parallel to the crane track (1), and the free ends which are situated opposite one another of the two coupling pieces (5a, 5b) are detachably connected together by the coupling member (4) by positive interengagement.
9. Securing system for storm winds according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the coupling member (4) grasps faces for contact (8a, 8b) which are formed on the coupling pieces (5a, 5b) and thereby fixes together the coupling pieces (5a, 5b) whose end-faces but against one another.
10. Securing system for storm winds according to claim 9, characterised in that the coupling member is of an 1-girder-shaped form, with the web (4a) being able to be inserted in recesses in the opposing end-walls (7a, 7b) of the coupling pieces (5a, 5b) in such a way that the inner faces of the flanges of the coupling member (4) fit behind faces for contact (8a, 8b) on the coupling pieces (5a, 5b).

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