EP1806710A1 - Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor. - Google Patents

Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1806710A1
EP1806710A1 EP05425933A EP05425933A EP1806710A1 EP 1806710 A1 EP1806710 A1 EP 1806710A1 EP 05425933 A EP05425933 A EP 05425933A EP 05425933 A EP05425933 A EP 05425933A EP 1806710 A1 EP1806710 A1 EP 1806710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
layer
shaft
head
base structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05425933A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1806710B1 (de
Inventor
Aldo Tonelli
Giorgio Tonelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tonelli Aldo
Tonelli Giorgio
Original Assignee
Tonelli Aldo
Tonelli Giorgio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES05425933T priority Critical patent/ES2339866T3/es
Application filed by Tonelli Aldo, Tonelli Giorgio filed Critical Tonelli Aldo
Priority to EP05425933A priority patent/EP1806710B1/de
Priority to DE602005019446T priority patent/DE602005019446D1/de
Priority to SI200530980T priority patent/SI1806710T1/sl
Priority to AT05425933T priority patent/ATE458238T1/de
Priority to IL178646A priority patent/IL178646A/en
Priority to AU2006235797A priority patent/AU2006235797B2/en
Priority to US11/646,641 priority patent/US7694579B2/en
Publication of EP1806710A1 publication Critical patent/EP1806710A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1806710B1 publication Critical patent/EP1806710B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to the technical sector of security systems and, in particular, relates to a sensor, as defined in the preamble of the first claim, intended to be embedded in a layer of cement material.
  • the present invention further relates to a security system including said sensor.
  • underground systems use various types of sensors intended to be placed in the ground or embedded in the pavement along the perimeter of the place to be protected or along potential accesses to said place.
  • the underground system sensors are generally sensitive to the footsteps on the ground or on the pavement of a person approaching the perimeter or protected area.
  • a particular security system of the type described above is known from the teachings of the European patent EP 1005003 B1 , which in particular discloses a security system including a plurality of pressure sensors fitted with piezoelectric transducers and intended to be embedded in the pavement. Said sensors are such as to perceive any microstress occurring in the cement layer forming the pavement caused as a result of a person walking on said pavement.
  • the applicant has developed security systems equipped with one or more temperature detectors and has also developed for said security systems a control software which can automatically adapt the sensitivity of the security system to the detected ambient temperature.
  • the reliability of the security systems has been considerably increased.
  • the sensitivity of the system can be adjusted by automatically controlling the gain of the electronic boards which receive and process the signals provided by the sensors.
  • One object of the present invention is to make available a sensor that makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the above-described security systems and, in particular, makes it possible to produce security systems whose sensitivity is only minimally conditioned by variations in ambient temperature.
  • a further object of the present invention is to make available a security system as defined in the attached claims 13 and 14.
  • Figure 1 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of a sensor, generally indicated with 1, according to the invention and intended to be embedded in a layer of cement material of a pavement, such as to detect pressure thrusts acting on said pavement.
  • the pressure thrusts are caused by the passage of a person or vehicle on the pavement where the sensor 1 is embedded and that is near the sensor.
  • the sensor 1 can form part of a security system or apparatus which includes several sections each including a plurality of sensors.
  • An apparatus of this type is, for example, disclosed in the above-mentioned European patent EP 1005003 and, for this reason, a systematic description of said apparatus will not be investigated further herein.
  • the sensor 1 includes a base structure 2, for example made of hard plastic, comprising a first container 3 which houses a transducer, not illustrated in figure 1, such as to output electrical signals in reply to mechanical stress to which it is subjected.
  • a base structure 2 for example made of hard plastic, comprising a first container 3 which houses a transducer, not illustrated in figure 1, such as to output electrical signals in reply to mechanical stress to which it is subjected.
  • a receiving organ 6, also preferably made of hard plastic, is such as to detect, through any microstress in the cement layer where the sensor 1 is to be embedded, any pressure exerted on the pavement and is such as to mechanically stress the transducer housed inside the container 3 so as transmit to said transducer the pressure thrusts detected.
  • a second container 4 is provided in the base structure 2, in order to enable connection of the transducer to electrical input/output cables indicated with 5.
  • the second container 4 can contain further electronic components associated to the sensor 1, if provided for.
  • the second container 4 is placed beside the container 3 housing the transducer, so as to minimize the overall thickness of the sensor 1.
  • the base structure 2 includes one or more external walls 7 distanced and spaced from the lateral walls of the first container 3 so as to form one or more cavities 8 which cross the entire base structure 2.
  • the cavities 8 are better illustrated in figure 2, where a view from above of the sensor 1 is represented.
  • one or more connecting tongues are provided to connect the lateral walls of the first container 3 to the respective external walls 7.
  • Said tongues 10 are placed substantially parallel to the base of the sensor 1.
  • the tongues 10 make it possible to fix the base structure 2 of the sensor 1 to the surface where it is intended to be placed once installed.
  • Said fixing is preferably obtained by using a thick layer of cement-based adhesive placed between the sensor 1 and the support surface. During installation, the sensor 1 is pressed against the layer of adhesive which, penetrating into the cavities 8, completely incorporates the tongues 10 which, therefore, are immersed in said adhesive.
  • the adhesive since it has hardened, almost completely envelops the tongues 10, the latter form a particular type of holding means in the base structure 2 which are intended to be immersed in the layer of cement-like adhesive in order to keep the base structure 2 fixed to the support surface, during the cyclic variations in temperature occurring in the pavement as a result of variations in the ambient temperature.
  • the tongues 10 can also be provided in the absence of the above-described external walls 7, since the tongues 10 can carry out their holding function inside the adhesive layer even in the absence of said external walls 7.
  • the skilled in the art on the basis of his knowledge, can easily provide other holding means, alternative and equivalent to the tongues 10, inside the base structure 2.
  • FIG 3 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a pavement in which the sensor 1 can be installed.
  • the sensor 1 is placed on a surface 21 of a first layer 20 in concrete or reinforced cement, usually called slab.
  • a membrane 22 is preferably placed, so as to form a flexible area surrounding the sensor 1 in accordance with the teachings of the above-mentioned European patent EP 1005003 .
  • said membrane 22 is a ring-shaped elastomeric membrane closed around the sensor 1.
  • the sensor 1 is fixed to the support surface 21 preferably by means of a cement-based adhesive.
  • the sensor 1 and the membrane 22 are incorporated into a second layer of cement material 23, for example made of mortar, which in the sector is normally called substrate.
  • a covering layer 24, for example made of tiles, is placed on the second layer of cement material 23.
  • the arrows 25 in figure 3 schematically represent the pressure which is exerted on the layer of cement material 23 and which reaches the sensor 1 and the elastomeric membrane 22.
  • the first container 3 includes a chamber 30 with one open side.
  • the second container 4 has a chamber 31 with one open side where a lid 32 is provided.
  • the chamber 30 of the first container 3 is defined by a base 33 and a lateral wall 34.
  • the side opposite the base 33 is an open side.
  • the chamber 30 substantially has the shape of a parallelepiped with a pentagonal base.
  • the chamber 30 can have other shapes, such as for example cylindrical or parallelepiped with a hexagonal base.
  • the chamber 30 and the further chamber 35 will be referred to as the upper chamber 30 and the lower chamber 35 respectively.
  • the lower chamber 35 is defined by a circular base and by a cylindrical shell and is much smaller in depth than the upper chamber 30.
  • the lower chamber 35 has a depth of approximately 1 mm or 2 mm while the upper chamber 30 has a depth in the range of 1.5 cm - 3.5 cm approximately.
  • the upper chamber 30 and the lower chamber 35 are connected by a wall with a step-shaped contour, defined by an annular edge which acts as a supporting edge for a plate-like transducer 37 which, therefore, acts as dividing wall between the two chambers 30 and 35.
  • the plate-like transducer 37 is preferably a piezoelectric transducer, in this embodiment disk-shaped, and in practice comprises a plate in conductive material, for example brass or copper, covered with a thin layer of piezoelectric ceramic.
  • the chamber 35 acts as a deflection chamber for the piezoelectric transducer 37. Its limited depth advantageously makes it possible to avoid breakage of the transducer 37 when the latter is subjected to excessive mechanical stress, since in this case the base of the lower chamber 35, abutting against the transducer 37, limits the possibility of inflection of said transducer.
  • Conductor wires leave the transducer 37 and, in this particular embodiment, end inside the chamber 31 of the second container 4 to be connected to the input/output electrical cables 5 (shown in figure 1).
  • the transducer 37 can output electrical signals from the sensor 1 in reply to mechanical stress such as to cause deformation of the transducer 37.
  • One side of the plate-like transducer 37 is facing the lower chamber 35 and the opposite side is facing the upper chamber 30.
  • the layer of protective material 38 is a layer of resin which fills a considerable part of the upper chamber 30. More preferably, the layer of resin 38 almost totally fills the upper chamber 30.
  • the resin used is preferably a bi-component epoxy resin or a bi-component polyurethane resin.
  • the layer of resin 38 acts as a sealant, preventing the formation of oxide on the side of the transducer 37 facing the chamber 30, due to any possible infiltration of humidity from the outside, or condensation inside caused by temperature variations.
  • the layer of resin 38 is such that it can also transmit to the transducer 37 pressure thrusts detected by the receiving organ 6, so that the transducer 37 is subjected to corresponding mechanical stress.
  • the layer of resin 38 is sufficiently rigid to guarantee that said pressure thrusts are essentially transmitted to the transducer 37 and not absorbed by the layer of resin 38.
  • the other container 4 is also filled with a layer of resin.
  • the receiving organ 6 includes a shaft 40 and a head 41 which protrudes over the lateral walls of the shaft 40.
  • the shaft 40 includes one end portion facing the head 41 and one end portion immersed in the layer of protective material 38.
  • the shaft 40 is such as to distance the head 41 from the free surface 39 of the protective layer 38 so as to define, between the head 41 and the free surface 39, at least one region 42 which can be filled at least in part by the cement material when the sensor is embedded in the layer of cement material.
  • said region 42 is an annular region which extends around the shaft 40.
  • the receiving organ 6 (and in particular its head 41) is covered by the layer of cement material in which the sensor is to be embedded.
  • This makes it possible to prevent any loss of contact between the receiving organ 6 and the layer of cement material, due to the different thermal expansion constants of the material with which the sensor is made, generally plastic, and the cement material.
  • the variation in sensitivity of the sensors known in the prior art based on variations in the ambient temperature is essentially due to said loss of contact.
  • the loss of contact between the receiving organ 6 and the layer of cement material causes a considerable reduction in the sensitivity of the sensor 1.
  • the head 41 of the receiving organ 6 is essentially flat-shaped and extends substantially parallel to the free surface 39 of the protective layer 38.
  • the shaft 40 of the receiver 6 is arranged substantially in the centre of the head 41 and acts as a spacing element between the head 41 and the free surface 39 of the layer of protective material 38 or, similarly, between the head 41 and the walls of the container 4 which define the upper chamber 30.
  • the portion of the shaft which is not immersed in the layer of protective material 38 is of a height comparable to the height of the end portion immersed in the layer of protective material 38.
  • the external perimeter of the head 41 is substantially pentagon-shaped (as can be better seen in figures 1 and 2).
  • the head 41 could, for example, be substantially disk-shaped.
  • one or more through holes 43 communicating with the region 42 are made in the thickness of the head 41, in order to facilitate, during installation of the sensor 1, penetration of the cement material into the region 42 and to create greater continuity between the layer of cement material in which the sensor 1 is embedded and the cement material penetrated into the region 42. More preferably, a plurality of through holes 43 (better seen in figures 1 and 2) are made in the thickness of the head, substantially gore-shaped and arranged radially around the shaft 40.
  • the head 41 of the receiving organ 6 has a peripheral portion 44, preferably annular, which extends outside the upper chamber 30 and the sensor 1 is provided with supporting means 45 so that said peripheral portion 44 can rest on the base structure 2 of the sensor.
  • said supporting means include feet 45 which project towards the underside of the head 41 and towards the base structure 2.
  • the supporting means include pins which rise towards the top of the base structure 2 towards the head 41 of the receiving organ 6.
  • said supporting means 45 make the structure of the sensor 1 more resistant and, furthermore, permit redistribution of the pressure waves detected by the head 41 of the receiving organ towards the central part, i.e. the shaft 40, of the receiving organ 6.
  • the shaft 40 of the receiving organ is a hollow tubular element.
  • said tubular element 40 has a circular cross-section and an opening 46 at the bottom which is such as to enable penetration of the resin of the protective layer 38 inside said tubular element, during assembly of the sensor 1, i.e. before the resin 38 reaches a solid state.
  • the opening 46 on the bottom has a smaller cross-section than the internal cross-section of the tubular element, so that, once the resin in the protective layer 38 has hardened, the receiving organ 6 is firmly attached to the layer 38 of protective material.
  • having a smaller opening 46 on the bottom represents a particularly preferred embodiment of the attaching means provided on the shaft and immersed in the layer of protective material 38 in order to attach the receiving organ 6 to the layer of protective material 38.
  • said attaching means could include a projecting edge compared to the remaining part of the lateral surface of the shaft 40 immersed in the layer of protective material 38.
  • said edge is an annular edge which projects beyond the cylindrical shell of the shaft 40 and which, for example, is placed substantially near the base of the shaft 40.
  • one or more pockets or blind cavities 47 are provided on the bottom of the base structure 2.
  • This particular structure with empty pockets on the bottom of the base structure 2 advantageously makes it possible to place the sensor 1, during installation in the pavement, in such a way that it remains substantially horizontal, despite the fact that its supporting surface, as often happens in practice, is not perfectly flat but is an irregular surface.
  • a sensor according to the present invention and especially its receiving organ, despite the variations in ambient temperature to which it is subjected, is capable of maintaining continuous contact with the layer of cement material in which the sensor is embedded when installed, withstanding any forces which might tend to separate the surface of the sensor from said material.
  • Experimental tests have demonstrated that, advantageously, a sensor according to the present invention maintains practically constant sensitivity in the range of temperature from -30°C and 30°C.
  • control software is also advantageously provided such as to adapt the sensitivity on the basis of an ambient temperature value detected by at least one temperature sensor provided in the system, especially for fine and automatic sensitivity adjustment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
EP05425933A 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor Active EP1806710B1 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05425933A EP1806710B1 (de) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor
DE602005019446T DE602005019446D1 (de) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor
SI200530980T SI1806710T1 (sl) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Senzor integriran v sloju cementnega materiala tlaka in varnostni sistem ki vključuje tak senzor
AT05425933T ATE458238T1 (de) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor eingebettet in einer schicht von cement eines belags und ein sicherheitssystem mit diesem sensor
ES05425933T ES2339866T3 (es) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor integrado en una capa de material de cemento de un pavimento y sistema de seguridad que incluye dicho sensor.
IL178646A IL178646A (en) 2005-12-29 2006-10-16 Sensor intended to be embedded in a layer of cement material of a pavement and security system including said sensor
AU2006235797A AU2006235797B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2006-11-01 Sensor intended to be embedded in a layer of cement material of a pavement and security system including said sensor
US11/646,641 US7694579B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2006-12-27 Sensor intended to be embedded in a layer of cement material of a pavement and security system including said sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05425933A EP1806710B1 (de) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1806710A1 true EP1806710A1 (de) 2007-07-11
EP1806710B1 EP1806710B1 (de) 2010-02-17

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ID=36399799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05425933A Active EP1806710B1 (de) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Sensor eingebettet in einer Schicht von Cement eines Belags und ein Sicherheitssystem mit diesem Sensor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7694579B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1806710B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE458238T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2006235797B2 (de)
DE (1) DE602005019446D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2339866T3 (de)
IL (1) IL178646A (de)
SI (1) SI1806710T1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7926357B2 (en) * 2006-08-09 2011-04-19 UNIVERSITé LAVAL Retrofitable pavement strain gauge
US7705724B2 (en) * 2007-07-25 2010-04-27 Honeywell International Inc. Augmented security system
US8990032B2 (en) * 2010-12-30 2015-03-24 Sensys Networks, Inc. In-pavement wireless vibration sensor nodes, networks and systems
FR3008789B1 (fr) * 2013-07-22 2023-05-12 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de caracterisation de parametres mecaniques d'une chaussee
US10407838B1 (en) 2017-02-06 2019-09-10 Integrated Roadways, Llc Modular pavement slab
IT201800007649A1 (it) * 2018-07-31 2020-01-31 Tenova Spa Apparato per la misura e il controllo dell’alimentazione di materiale di carica ad un forno
CN112002135A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-27 温州大学 一种基于智能交通灯控制系统的路面压电自供电信息传递模块

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US5206642A (en) * 1990-05-11 1993-04-27 U.S. Philips Corporation Device for detecting data relating to the passage of vehicles on a road
US5461924A (en) * 1993-11-23 1995-10-31 K.K. Holding Ag Sensor arrangement for installation in carriageways and runways

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US3732725A (en) * 1971-02-18 1973-05-15 F Allen Method and apparatus for testing compressive strength of concrete and the like
US4614110A (en) * 1984-06-08 1986-09-30 Osterberg Jorj O Device for testing the load-bearing capacity of concrete-filled earthen shafts
CH683714A5 (de) 1990-12-19 1994-04-29 Kk Holding Ag Kraftsensoranordnung, insbesondere zur dynamischen Achslast-, Geschwindigkeits-, Achsabstands- und Gesamtgewichtsbestimmung von Fahrzeugen.
US5265481A (en) 1990-12-19 1993-11-30 Kistler Instrumente Ag Force sensor systems especially for determining dynamically the axle load, speed, wheelbase and gross weight of vehicles
US5526236A (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-06-11 General Signal Corporation Lighting device used in an exit sign
JPH08128380A (ja) * 1994-11-01 1996-05-21 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ガソリン機関の二次電圧検出器及びその製造方法
US6072280A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-06-06 Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. Led light string employing series-parallel block coupling
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US6394626B1 (en) * 2000-04-11 2002-05-28 Lumileds Lighting, U.S., Llc Flexible light track for signage
US6932495B2 (en) * 2001-10-01 2005-08-23 Sloanled, Inc. Channel letter lighting using light emitting diodes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5206642A (en) * 1990-05-11 1993-04-27 U.S. Philips Corporation Device for detecting data relating to the passage of vehicles on a road
US5461924A (en) * 1993-11-23 1995-10-31 K.K. Holding Ag Sensor arrangement for installation in carriageways and runways

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602005019446D1 (de) 2010-04-01
EP1806710B1 (de) 2010-02-17
ATE458238T1 (de) 2010-03-15
US7694579B2 (en) 2010-04-13
IL178646A (en) 2011-03-31
ES2339866T3 (es) 2010-05-26
SI1806710T1 (sl) 2010-06-30
AU2006235797B2 (en) 2011-10-06
IL178646A0 (en) 2007-03-08
AU2006235797A1 (en) 2007-07-19
US20070152846A1 (en) 2007-07-05

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