EP1801914A1 - Antenne und ferngesteuerte Zentralverriegelung mit einer solchen Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne und ferngesteuerte Zentralverriegelung mit einer solchen Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1801914A1
EP1801914A1 EP05360056A EP05360056A EP1801914A1 EP 1801914 A1 EP1801914 A1 EP 1801914A1 EP 05360056 A EP05360056 A EP 05360056A EP 05360056 A EP05360056 A EP 05360056A EP 1801914 A1 EP1801914 A1 EP 1801914A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
vehicle
receiver
antenna according
metal structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05360056A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Matthieu Stricker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority to EP05360056A priority Critical patent/EP1801914A1/de
Priority to US11/635,326 priority patent/US20070146217A1/en
Publication of EP1801914A1 publication Critical patent/EP1801914A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H01Q1/3241—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems particular used in keyless entry systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of transmitting and / or receiving antennas used in particular in locking / unlocking systems of vehicle doors.
  • These locking / unlocking systems are already known and allow the user to lock and unlock the doors of a vehicle at a distance.
  • These operations are generally implemented by a receiver integrated in the vehicle and by an integrated transmitter for example in a vehicle key.
  • the present invention particularly relates to an antenna intended to be connected to a transmitter and / or receiver, thus constituting a fixed antenna of a locking / unlocking system.
  • Such an antenna captures an electromagnetic field and transforms it into an electrical signal transmitted to the receiver.
  • the latter is advantageously mounted on a printed circuit support.
  • the antenna is for example made of a conducting wire traversed by high frequency currents. It therefore constitutes a transition device between the guided propagation medium, namely a power line connected to a transmitter and / or a receiver, and a free propagation space, in this case air. This transition must be done with maximum efficiency. This assumes an impedance matching between the antenna and the free propagation space, and therefore the control of the impedance of the antenna.
  • the impedance of the antenna should be as high as possible for its real part, for example between a dozen ohms and a hundred or so ohms. The values of these impedances are indicative.
  • the real part of the impedance reflects the radiation resistance, representative of the gain of the antenna transforming the electromagnetic field into electrical power and vice versa.
  • the reactive part of this same impedance should be as low as possible, and preferably neither inductive (+ jX) nor capacitive (-jX).
  • the impedance of the antenna often has a capacitive portion, because of its reduced dimensions and / or because of its location in the vicinity of a ground plane. The latter is defined by the grouping of components and metal tracks reported on the printed circuit support. The performance of the assembly comprising the antenna and a receiver or an emitter may therefore not be optimal and the impedance matching may not be performed correctly.
  • the antenna according to the invention operates in stationary wave regime, meaning that the distribution of the electric current is not uniform over its length.
  • Stationary antennas are used in the frequency domain of the UHF band, centered around 434 MHz. The corresponding wavelength at such a frequency is about 70 cm.
  • a functional antenna is then related to the frequency, and therefore to the wavelength.
  • the antenna In such a standing wave regime, the antenna is in principle comparable to a quarter-wave line: this means that the optimal performances are obtained with an antenna length equal to or close to a quarter of the length of the antenna. wave, which corresponds in this case to approximately 17.5 cm. It is obviously impossible to integrate an antenna of such length in a known locking / unlocking system. The size of such an antenna is indeed too important, especially for implantation in a vehicle.
  • the known antennas preferably extend in the extension plane of the support of the printed circuit, in the vicinity and along the ground plane.
  • Current antennas are of the type comprising at least one conductive track attached to a printed circuit support, with a free end and a base intended to be connected to a receiver and / or transmitter.
  • the conductive antenna forming track is actually part of the printed circuit and can be performed by any known process, for example by screen printing. In known configurations, and so that the support of the printed circuit does not have too large dimensions, the antenna in its entirety is placed near the ground plane, hence the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the conductive track is doubled on the opposite faces of the printed circuit support.
  • the conductive tracks are then for example connected every 5 to 10 mm by metallized holes, and are located substantially at the same distance from the ground plane.
  • the locking / unlocking systems are activated and deactivated by means of a radio wave remote control which, for known systems, has a relatively limited range. Their range is generally not greater than a radius of about 6 meters around the vehicle. However, more and more vehicle manufacturers are demanding a maximum range of at least 20 meters around the vehicle, in order to achieve 100% system reliability within a 6-meter radius, regardless of the vehicle environment. The latter may for example be surrounded by other vehicles, trees, buildings or other obstacles that negatively influence the transmission of radio waves.
  • a possible improvement would be to use in the receiving circuit electronic components with increased performance.
  • the use of such components would have the effect of increasing the standby energy consumption of the locking / unlocking system, which is obviously not sought, as well as increasing the direct costs associated with the use of components. more efficient.
  • the radio signal emitted by the remote control propagates by reflection and diffraction through openings of the vehicle constituted by the windows, to arrive at a receiving antenna located for example behind the steering wheel.
  • a location of the receiving antenna inside the vehicle substantially decreases the maximum range of the remote control compared to a receiving antenna not confined in the vehicle.
  • the propagation through the panes is also attenuated by their structure: they are now often athermic and include for this purpose a metallization attenuating the radio signal passing through them.
  • One solution is to increase the power of the transmitter disposed in the key of the user. It is not advisable because such an increase in power means an increase in the size, which comes up against the reduced space available in such a key to house the transmitter and a suitable power supply battery.
  • the increase in power of such a transmitter also has the consequence of increasing the power consumption, and therefore the frequency of replacement of the batteries.
  • the range of a remote control device for locking and unlocking the doors also depends on the link budget between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the link budget relates to the complete chain from the transmitter to the receiver. This balance takes into account the power of the transmitter and the sensitivity of the receiver, and also the losses and gains of each element of the chain, including the antenna.
  • the power is limited by the low voltage technology (from 3 to 6 volts), the energy autonomy of the power supply and the current that can be delivered by it.
  • the reduced dimensions of the transmitter most often the size of a key, limit the efficiency of the transmitting antenna.
  • the link budget also depends on the position of the transmitter key, the terrain, the propagation environment and the structure of the vehicle. The size of the windows of the vehicle, the constituent material of said windows (for example in their athermic version) and the position of the receiver in the vehicle finally also influence this balance.
  • the sensitivity of the torque constituted by the antenna and the receiver depends on the efficiency of the antenna as well as the technology of the receiver (of integrated circuit type). This technology has limitations related to energy consumption constraints, which must be as low as possible.
  • the amplification stage may also interfere with certain frequencies.
  • the amplification stage must optimally present a transfer function F between its input signal and its output signal which is linear.
  • the amplification stage in fact degrades the linearity performance at the input of the receiver.
  • the linearity defects result in polynomials of the second and / or third degree expressing said transfer function F. These polynomials generate parasitic frequencies that may interfere with the receiver's nominal channel, ie the usual operating frequency, in transmit / receive, of the antenna. This interference effect is a determining parameter for the receiver because it degrades the overall performance of the receiver.
  • the object of the present invention is to increase the overall reliability and efficiency of a remote locking / unlocking system by radiocommunications, primarily increasing its maximum range.
  • the objective is to obtain for example a maximum range greater than 20 m, as well as a theoretically infallible operation within a radius of 6 m around said vehicle, while not generating the additional disadvantages, for example mentioned above.
  • This extension for example orthogonal to the support, makes it possible to increase the length of the antenna, which thus approaches more than a quarter of the wavelength. It also promotes excitation by other directional components of the electromagnetic field constituting radiocommunications. Finally, this solution distances at least a portion of the antenna from the printed circuit support and from the ground plane. The efficiency of the antenna is thus improved, because the density of the field lines between the ground plane and the metal structure is lower for this portion than that existing between the ground plane and the conductive tracks.
  • the antenna of the invention operates much better in both transmit mode and receive mode. In transmission mode, it becomes possible to transfer data from the vehicle to a remote control carried by the user.
  • the antenna can also easily switch from a transmission mode to a reception mode in a specific frequency.
  • the two conductive tracks have substantially the same length.
  • the metal structure is then arranged approximately in the center of the antenna, positioning that allows to take maximum advantage of its performance.
  • the metal structure is in fact positioned where the distribution of current in the antenna is the highest.
  • a stiffening element may further be attached to the metal structure to improve automation.
  • the conductive strip may for example have a width of between 1 and 10 mm and a thickness of between 0.2 and 1 mm.
  • the metal structure may have a U-shape, with two legs whose free ends are connected to the tracks.
  • the stiffening element can then for example consist of a cross member, for example of synthetic material, connecting the two legs of the U-shape and to which it is fixed by fixing studs.
  • An automated mounting arm or installation can thus easily grasp said cross and position the metal structure accurately on the support of the printed circuit, for fixing purposes.
  • the antenna may comprise a so-called peak capacity at its free end.
  • This peak capacity gives the antenna characteristics in principle obtained with an antenna of greater length. This virtually increases the length of the antenna without substantially increasing its size.
  • the antenna can also include a localized inductance at its base, and which also increases its performance.
  • the base inductor again makes it possible to increase virtually the length of the antenna without substantially increasing its bulk. More specifically, the use of a base inductor allows on the one hand to increase the current flowing at the base of the antenna and on the other hand to provide an inductive component (+ jx) to the impedance of the antenna.
  • This inductive component (+ jx) makes it possible to partially compensate the intrinsic capacitive component (-jx) of the antenna impedance, and thus to improve the impedance matching between the antenna and the impedance of the antenna. receiver and / or transmitter input.
  • the antenna can of course simultaneously comprise a base inductance and a peak capacitance.
  • the invention also relates to a receiver or a transceiver provided with such an antenna. Finally, it covers a remote locking / unlocking system of the doors of a vehicle, comprising a mobile transmitting device carried by the user of the vehicle and a fixed receiver associated with an antenna as described previously, said fixed receiver being arranged to inside the vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a remote locking / unlocking system of the doors of a vehicle comprising a mobile transceiver device carried by the user of the vehicle and a fixed transceiver associated with such an antenna, said transmitter-receiver fixed receiver being disposed inside the vehicle.
  • the user can, thanks to the invention, benefit from a more efficient search and location function for his vehicle in a crowded environment such as a parking lot.
  • Figure 1 shows an antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna comprises two conductive tracks 1 and 2 reported for example by screen printing on a printed circuit support.
  • the tracks 1, 2 have a copper thickness of between 15 and 80 microns and the dielectric constant of the printed circuit support is for example between 3 and 10.
  • the conductive tracks 1, 2 may optionally be each disposed on one side of a printed circuit support, and connected by metallized holes every 5 mm.
  • the antenna of the invention further comprises a metal structure 3 connecting the two conductive tracks 1 and 2, actually making a bridge between them.
  • the metal structure 3 is for example in the form of a U, having two lateral legs 4 and 5 and a central branch or bottom 6. These are rigid conductive strips, for example having a width slightly greater than that tracks 1, 2 to facilitate the possible gripping of the U by automatic installation arms.
  • the antenna shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 comprises, at its free end 7, a charging capacitor 8.
  • This latter consists of a substantially rectangular coppered surface approximately 1.5 cm long and 1 cm wide.
  • This load capacity 8 reported on the support 1a partially makes it possible to overcome the small dimensions of the antenna by improving its performance without increasing its length, by increasing the electric current at the base of the antenna on the one hand, and the real part of its impedance on the other hand. The shortage of antenna length relative to a quarter of the wavelength is thus partially caught up.
  • the other end 9 of the conductive track 1 is intended to be connected for example to a receiver 10. This end 9 thus constitutes the base of the antenna.
  • FIG. 2 shows a ground plane 11 separated from the peak capacitor 8, in particular by the material constituting the support 1 a.
  • the latter has dielectric characteristics such as to increase the density of the field lines between the antenna, and in particular the peak capacitance 8, and the ground plane 11, thus reducing the efficiency and the efficiency of the antenna.
  • holes 13 with a diameter of between 3 and 4 mm have been formed in the support 1a around the crown capacity 8, and more generally around the last third of the antenna length. This gives an improvement of about 10 to 15% of the scope of the latter.
  • the overall length L of the antenna can, in each embodiment illustrated, be less than a quarter of the wavelength resulting from the frequency used.
  • Another improvement of the antenna may consist in adding to its base 9 an inductor 14 at or near the point of connection to the receiver 10.
  • This inductor 14 also increases the performance of the antenna according to the invention, without increasing its length and / or its size.
  • the metal structure 3 makes it possible to increase the distance between part of the antenna and the ground plane 11 on the one hand and to increase the length of the antenna on the other hand. It extends in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support 1a, and practically doubles the range between the mobile transmitter and the fixed receiver placed in the vehicle.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 make it possible to emphasize and verify the actual contribution of the metal structure 3, which leads to a reduction in the value of the inductance 14 at the base of the antenna (this for example, from 39nH to 27nH). This decrease results from a modification of the distribution of the electric current in the antenna, and more precisely of an increase of the current at the base of the antenna.
  • a measurement of the impedance of the antenna shows that the real part of the impedance has practically doubled thanks to the use of the metal structure 3.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show alternative configurations of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 represents a printed circuit support 1 a on which various components have been reported, and in particular an antenna according to the invention.
  • the receiver is in this case surrounded by a metal protective cage 10a.
  • the metal structure 3 comprises in this figure a stiffening arm 15 of synthetic material.
  • the latter comprises at its ends fixing studs 15a for gripping the legs 4 and 5 of the metal structure 3.
  • the metal structure 3 is then rigid enough to be manipulated, moved and positioned on the support 1a via an automated arm.
  • the metal structure 3 can thus be attached to the support 1a in the same way as various other electronic components implanted on the printed circuit. These components can perform functions related or not to the locking / unlocking system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
EP05360056A 2005-12-23 2005-12-23 Antenne und ferngesteuerte Zentralverriegelung mit einer solchen Antenne Ceased EP1801914A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05360056A EP1801914A1 (de) 2005-12-23 2005-12-23 Antenne und ferngesteuerte Zentralverriegelung mit einer solchen Antenne
US11/635,326 US20070146217A1 (en) 2005-12-23 2006-12-07 Antenna and remote locking/unlocking system including such an antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05360056A EP1801914A1 (de) 2005-12-23 2005-12-23 Antenne und ferngesteuerte Zentralverriegelung mit einer solchen Antenne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1801914A1 true EP1801914A1 (de) 2007-06-27

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EP05360056A Ceased EP1801914A1 (de) 2005-12-23 2005-12-23 Antenne und ferngesteuerte Zentralverriegelung mit einer solchen Antenne

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US (1) US20070146217A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1801914A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009060403A (ja) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-19 Fujitsu Microelectronics Ltd 無線装置および無線装置が備えるアンテナ

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101700744B1 (ko) * 2010-01-29 2017-02-01 삼성전자주식회사 휴대용 단말기의 내장형 안테나 장치

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002151930A (ja) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-24 Murata Mfg Co Ltd アンテナ構造およびそれを備えた無線装置
US20020101382A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-01 Takayoshi Konishi Chip antenna and antenna unit including the same
EP1505689A1 (de) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-09 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Chipantenne und Kommunikationsgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002151930A (ja) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-24 Murata Mfg Co Ltd アンテナ構造およびそれを備えた無線装置
US20020101382A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-01 Takayoshi Konishi Chip antenna and antenna unit including the same
EP1505689A1 (de) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-09 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Chipantenne und Kommunikationsgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 09 4 September 2002 (2002-09-04) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009060403A (ja) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-19 Fujitsu Microelectronics Ltd 無線装置および無線装置が備えるアンテナ
US8026855B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-09-27 Fujitsu Semiconductor Limited Radio apparatus and antenna thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20070146217A1 (en) 2007-06-28

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