EP1792283B1 - Element de securite comprenant une caracteristique d'authenticite lisible par machine - Google Patents

Element de securite comprenant une caracteristique d'authenticite lisible par machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1792283B1
EP1792283B1 EP05776344.3A EP05776344A EP1792283B1 EP 1792283 B1 EP1792283 B1 EP 1792283B1 EP 05776344 A EP05776344 A EP 05776344A EP 1792283 B1 EP1792283 B1 EP 1792283B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security
periodic
security element
periodic conductive
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP05776344.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1792283A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Finkenzeller
Thorsten Pillo
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication of EP1792283A1 publication Critical patent/EP1792283A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element for security papers, value documents, chip cards and the like with a machine-readable authenticity feature.
  • the invention further relates to a suitably equipped value document, such as a banknote, an identity card and the like, a suitably equipped chip card, and to a method and a device for checking the authenticity of such security elements, value documents or chip cards.
  • Security documents such as banknotes, stocks, bonds, certificates, vouchers, checks, high-quality tickets, and other forgery-prone security documents, such as passports, visas or other identification documents, and many types of smart cards are often backed up with security features that verify authenticity of the document or card.
  • a security feature for example, an embedded security thread, an applied security strip or a self-supporting transfer element, such as a patch or a label is used, which is applied after its manufacture on the document or the card.
  • the security features are often designed to be machine-readable in order to enable an automatic authenticity check and, if appropriate, a more extensive sensory acquisition and processing of the documents and cards.
  • electronic circuits such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) transponders to the paper substrates.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • document WO 02/080117 A2 relates to a method and a device for checking value documents, in particular banknotes, labels, securities, stamps or identification cards.
  • the publication DE 102 48 954 A1 discloses a security element, in particular for banknotes, with one or more electrically conductive components and a corresponding device for testing security elements.
  • one or more of the components is coded by the spatial structure, in particular by the spatial extent and / or position and / or shape.
  • the device is of simple construction and permits a reliable testing of such safety elements in that a first magnetic field generated by first means induces an induction current in the components, which causes a second magnetic field which is detected by second means.
  • the determination of the coding of the circuit takes place in an evaluation device on the basis of the detected second magnetic field.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic security element with a robust and easy-to-manufacture machine-read authenticity feature.
  • the authenticity feature should also allow a simple and reliable authentication.
  • the authenticity feature contains at least one region with a periodic conductive surface element which exhibits resonance effects in a predetermined frequency range of incident electromagnetic radiation.
  • a periodic conductive surface element which exhibits resonance effects in a predetermined frequency range of incident electromagnetic radiation.
  • low-pass, high-pass, band-pass or band-stop characteristics with respect to the incident electromagnetic waves can be realized with such periodic conductive surface elements.
  • Frequency-selective surfaces as such have long been known and have found application, for example, in building structures such as radome, which should be uninterrupted for the radar frequency range, in window covers for microwave ovens, which should achieve a particularly high attenuation in the microwave frequency range, or in wallpapers that lock specific frequency ranges (eg Bluetooth), but allow adjacent frequency ranges to pass through unhindered (eg mobile phone).
  • building structures such as radome, which should be uninterrupted for the radar frequency range
  • window covers for microwave ovens which should achieve a particularly high attenuation in the microwave frequency range, or in wallpapers that lock specific frequency ranges (eg Bluetooth), but allow adjacent frequency ranges to pass through unhindered (eg mobile phone).
  • Frequency-selective layers are used in the micro and millimeter wave range for the effective use of reflector antennas, as filters and artificial dielectrics, as a mirror to increase the pumping efficiency of lasers and as polarizers, beam splitters or filters and in the optical field to increase the efficiency of solar panels.
  • the proposed authenticity feature advantageously exploits the special properties of periodic conductive surface elements for checking the authenticity of security elements, value documents or chip cards.
  • the resonating surface elements may be attached to any location of the security element, value document or smart card, coupling to other structures may be advantageous, but is not required.
  • the proposed surface elements can be produced by known, large-volume production processes such as demetallization by wash paints, etching solutions or laser action.
  • the periodic conductive surface element is designed so that it shows for incident electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 3 GHz and 3 THz, preferably between 30 GHz and 1000 GHz resonance effects. These frequencies cause small-scale structures of the surface elements and are therefore particularly well suited for applications in the security sector.
  • the authenticating feature may also include multiple regions of periodic conductive surface elements having resonant effects in various predetermined frequency ranges. As a result, complicated and thus difficult to deceive authenticity checks can be realized or it can be coded predetermined characteristics of the documents or cards in the position of the resonant frequencies.
  • the periodic conductive surface element covers substantially the entire surface of the security element. Performing the authenticity check is particularly simple, since neither a search nor a knowledge of the location of the authenticity feature is required.
  • the periodic conductive surface element is preferably formed by a periodic lattice structure having a repeating elemental structure, wherein the lattice structure in particular has a 2, 3, 4 or 6-fold symmetry.
  • the elemental structures may be both conductively connected to each other, as well as electrically isolated from each other on a common carrier.
  • the periodic conductive surface element is formed by conductive regions on a non-conductive support surface and forms a so-called patch geometry.
  • the periodic conductive surface element may be formed by a conductive surface with non-conductive recesses (aperture geometry).
  • the periodic conductive surface element may be formed, for example, by a metal layer vapor-deposited and patterned on a substrate, or by a printed layer of a conductive ink or paste.
  • the periodic conductive surface element incident electromagnetic radiation only a predetermined Frequency ⁇ resonantly transmitted or reflected.
  • the periodic conductive surface element may also incident electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of predetermined frequencies ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 ... transmit ⁇ N resonant or reflect , The position of one or more of these resonance frequencies can be used, for example, for the type-specific individualization of the documents or cards equipped with the authenticity features.
  • the periodic conductive surface element is advantageously combined with a further conductive, in particular metallized security feature which, inter alia, serves to camouflage the periodic conductive surface element.
  • the surface element is expediently separated from the further conductive safety feature by a dielectric layer.
  • Non-conductive, opaque layers can also be used to camouflage the surface element.
  • the periodic conductive surface element according to the invention can be combined with any other security features that do not affect the verifiability of the periodic conductive surface element.
  • the further security features may be, for example, visually verifiable security features, such as, in particular, liquid-crystalline, diffractive-optical or other optically variable security features.
  • Machine-testable security features such as magnetic or conductive security features, can also be provided.
  • the periodic conductive surface element may be combined with an optically easily findable design feature of the security element, such as a negative lettering.
  • a so-called negative typeface is distinguished by a layer that appears opaque when viewed in transmitted light and has recesses that strongly contrast in the transmitted light to the surroundings.
  • negative writing in particular in a security element is on the EP 0 330 733 B1 directed.
  • the security element is in particular a security thread, a security band, a security strip, a patch or a transfer element for application to a security paper, value document or the like.
  • the invention also includes a value document, such as a banknote, an identification card or the like, which in a first alternative of the invention is equipped with a security element of the type described above.
  • a value document such as a banknote, an identification card or the like, which in a first alternative of the invention is equipped with a security element of the type described above.
  • the substrate of the value document is provided directly in at least one region with a periodic conductive surface element of the type described above.
  • the periodic conductive surface element can be applied to a surface of the value document substrate, in particular printed. It can only one Occupy part of the substrate or cover substantially the entire surface of the document of value.
  • the periodic conductive surface element is introduced into the volume of the value document substrate. This can be done for example in papermaking on the round screen by adding small surface element structures to the pulp.
  • the periodic conductive surface element may be arranged for camouflage below a further conductive, in particular metallized, layer of the applied security element or the value document itself.
  • An opaque cover layer of the applied security element or the value document can also serve to camouflage the surface element.
  • the position of one or more resonance points of the periodic conductive surface element advantageously represents a parameter of the value document, such as the denomination of a banknote.
  • the encoded parameter can be read out via a position determination of the resonant frequency (s).
  • the invention further includes a smart card, which is equipped in a variant of the invention with a security element of the type described above.
  • a core film or another partial film of the chip card can also be provided directly in at least one region with a periodic conductive surface element of the type described above.
  • the surface element can be applied to a surface of the core film or of the other sub-film, in particular printed on, and cover, for example, substantially the entire surface of the chip card.
  • the periodic conductive surface element may also be incorporated in the volume of the film.
  • the periodic conductive surface element may be arranged for camouflage below a further conductive, in particular metallized layer.
  • the camouflage may serve an opaque cover layer of the applied security element or the smart card, which visually hides the periodic conductive surface element.
  • the evaluation of the authenticity is preferably carried out by comparing the determined intensity difference with an expected difference in intensity.
  • a characteristic variable of the test object is additionally determined from the determined intensities at the at least two frequencies, for example the denomination of a banknote.
  • the position of one or more resonant frequencies is preferably determined from the intensities and the characteristic of the test object is determined from this position.
  • the transmitting and receiving antennas are advantageously arranged on opposite sides of the test object.
  • the transmitting and receiving antennas are advantageously arranged on the same side of the test object.
  • the transmitting and receiving antennas are formed by the same antenna structure, and the transmitted and received radio-frequency signals are separated by a direction-dependent separating device, such as a directional coupler or a circulator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 with two security elements 12 and 16, which are each formed according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the first security element constitutes a security thread 12 which protrudes at certain window areas 14 on the surface of the banknote 10 while it is embedded in the intervening areas inside the banknote 10.
  • the second security element is formed by a glued transfer element 16 of any shape.
  • the security elements 12 and 16 contain as authenticity feature in each case a periodic conductive surface element whose dimensions are dimensioned for resonance effects at frequencies of a few hundred GHz.
  • the unit cell 20 of a first embodiment of a periodic conductive sheet is shown in FIG Fig. 2 (b) shown.
  • the complete areal element is formed by a periodic repetition of the unit cell 20 in two dimensions.
  • Fig. 2 (a) only schematically shown intensity curve 22, which shows a resonant transmission at a frequency ⁇ 1 and a maximum attenuation at a higher frequency ⁇ 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a surface element with a more complex unit cell 30, in which the curve 32 of the transmitted signal intensity shows two maxima at different frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 , and corresponding points of maximum attenuation at the frequencies ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 .
  • Such unit cells can be used in addition to the authenticity check for coding predetermined characteristics of the security elements or the value documents provided therewith.
  • the unit cells 30 may be configured to have a uniform first resonant frequency ⁇ 1 but different second resonant frequencies ⁇ 3 .
  • the resonance at the uniform first frequency ⁇ 1 can then be used for checking the authenticity of the bank notes, while the position of the second resonance frequency ⁇ 3 indicates the denomination of the bank note to be checked.
  • the frequencies at which the described resonances occur are given by the size of the unit cells and, to a lesser extent, the shape of the elemental structures of the periodic conductive surface elements.
  • the dimension of an elementary cell of the surface element corresponds to half the wavelength ⁇ / 2 of the electromagnetic wave, at the frequency at which the filter properties of the element are effective.
  • security elements such as security strips, security threads, hologram films and the like
  • elementary structures in the millimeter or submillimeter range are of particular interest, resulting in high frequencies in the range of several hundred GHz or even above one THz (see Table 1).
  • the shape of the elementary structures must be considered in addition to the dimensions.
  • Table 1 gives the relationship between the relevant frequency in GHz and a characteristic feature size in mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows in (a) to (d) further concrete embodiments of inventive, periodic conductive surface elements 42, 44, 46 and 48.
  • a plurality of contiguous or non-contiguous elementary structures 43, 45, 47 and 49 for the construction of periodic conductive surface elements for example, with 3-fold (about Fig. 4 (a) ), 4-fold (approx Fig. 4 (b) and (c) ) or 6-fold symmetry (approx Fig. 4 (d) ) be used.
  • the periodic conductive surface element 48 of FIG Fig. 4 (d) is constructed with 6-fold symmetry in the form of a regular honeycomb structure of hexagonal elemental structures 49.
  • FIG. 5 shows the structure of a security thread 50 according to the invention in cross section.
  • a periodic conductive surface element 54 is applied, wherein the sequence of conductive and non-conductive portions of the surface element in the figure for reasons of clarity is not shown.
  • the metallic sheet 54 may be printed on the support film 52, for example, with supersilver or a conductive paste containing metallic pigments. Also transparent colors, such as Pedot or similar, mostly organic conductive materials come into question.
  • the surface element 54 can be produced by vapor deposition of a metal layer and subsequent partial demetallization, for example by means of a washing or an etching process, or by laser ablation.
  • an opaque cover layer 56 is arranged on the periodic conductive surface element 54 so that the surface element 54 is visually no longer recognizable when the security thread 50 is inserted in the correct direction into a banknote.
  • the opaque cover layer 56 may itself contain a security feature, in particular a visually verifiable security element such as an optically variable effect such as a hologram, a liquid crystalline layer arrangement or a color shift effect, or a negative writing in a metallized layer.
  • a liquid-crystalline layer can be combined in particular with a black background printing.
  • the opaque cover layer 56 may be a machine testable, e.g. magnetic or electrically / thermally conductive, security feature included. If the cover layer 56 comprises a metal layer, then this is expediently separated from the periodic conductive surface element by a dielectric layer.
  • the periodic conductive surface element can be applied both to the base film and to the laminating film. In both cases, the application by printing or by metallization and subsequent demetallization into consideration.
  • a UV embossing lacquer 64 is printed and embossed. In a subsequent operation can also be a wash on the now cured embossing lacquer 64 are printed. If the periodic conductive surface element 66 is printed, the surface element 66 can first be printed on the base film 62 in a variant, and then the embossing lacquer 64 can be printed on the surface element 66. Alternatively, the surface element 66, as in the Fig. 6 shown only after the embossing lacquer 64 printed on the film 62.
  • the foil is provided with a structured metal layer 68.
  • a washing method can be used in which the embossing lacquer 64 is printed with a printing ink having a high pigment content with the desired pattern. Due to the high pigment content after drying, the printing ink forms a porous, raised application of paint, which only partially covers the subsequently applied metallization. The application of paint and the immediately above metal layer can then be removed by washing with a suitable solvent, whereby recesses 70 in the form of the originally printed areas are produced in the metal layer.
  • the achievable sharp contours can be introduced into the metal layer 68 by imprinting a lettering, for example, a readable negative writing.
  • the hologram security thread 60 will typically have further layers, such as a protective covering layer, however, not essential to the present invention and therefore not shown in the figure.
  • an etching process for demetallization can also be used, or the areas to be demetallized are removed by means of a laser.
  • the periodic conductive surface element can be produced according to the invention by appropriate pressure or by laser on the metallization.
  • a partially demetallized portion 74 of the patterned metal layer 72 forms the periodic conductive surface element.
  • This portion 74 may be very small, and for example have dimensions in the range of a few tens or hundreds of microns.
  • the demetallization methods given above show line accuracies down to 40 ⁇ m and, in the case of laser demetallization, even lower deviations.
  • the periodic conductive surface element by means of conductive colors transparent or opaque under the UV embossing lacquer directly onto the base foil.
  • FIG. 8 shows a security element 80 according to the invention in the form of a transfer element for application to a security paper or document of value.
  • the security element 80 comprises a carrier foil 82 onto which is applied an opaque layer 84, in particular a metal layer, which itself may have a security feature. Onto this opaque layer 84 is applied the periodic conductive sheet 86 according to one of the methods described above. If the opaque layer 84 is formed by a metal layer, the surface element 86 is expediently insulated from it by a dielectric layer.
  • the transfer element 80 also has an adhesive layer 88 which, upon transfer to the security paper or document of value, is activated by means of pressure or heat in the areas to be transferred to the surface element 86, the opaque layer 84 and the carrier film 82 on the security paper or document of value fasten. Subsequently, the carrier film 82 can be removed. Also in this embodiment, the periodic conductive surface element 86 is removed by the opaque layer 84 of the direct perception of a viewer.
  • the transfer member 80 may be provided with a diffraction structure as well as the above-described embodiments.
  • a UV embossing lacquer layer is printed on the carrier film and embossed.
  • the carrier film is peeled off, so that the UV coating layer is on the side facing away from the paper.
  • the periodic conductive surface elements in transmission are useful only to realize where transparent areas in the metallization are present, so for example in areas with negative writing.
  • periodic conductive surface elements in reflection can be placed arbitrarily, although the influence of the surrounding metallic regions may also have to be considered.
  • the periodic conductive surface elements can be applied by printing only between carrier film and UV lacquer if the interlayer adhesion between the UV lacquer and the periodic conductive surface elements is sufficiently large for the release of the film. Otherwise, the same structures are possible, as described above in connection with security threads.
  • the periodic conductive surface elements may be applied in the form of a patch before or after the printing of the paper substrate in the transfer process.
  • the manufacturing processes are identical to those mentioned above.
  • the test device 100 designed for transmission measurements Fig. 9 consists of a transceiver part 110 and an antenna part 130.
  • the transceiver part 110 includes a frequency generator 112, which can generate at least two frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , and a switch, not shown in the figure, with each one of the at least two frequencies can be selected and forwarded to the subsequent circuit elements , Further, the transceiver 110 includes an output amplifier 114 for amplifying the selected and relayed high frequency signal of the frequency generator 112, a receiving circuit 116, a control circuit 118, and a display 120.
  • the antenna part 130 comprises a transmitting antenna 132 controlled by the output amplifier 114, a receiving antenna 134, and antenna feed lines 136 and 138, which may be formed from a waveguide, but also from a (semi-rigid) coaxial cable.
  • a transmitting antenna 132 controlled by the output amplifier 114
  • a receiving antenna 134 and antenna feed lines 136 and 138, which may be formed from a waveguide, but also from a (semi-rigid) coaxial cable.
  • antenna feed lines 136 and 138 which may be formed from a waveguide, but also from a (semi-rigid) coaxial cable.
  • the antenna 132, 134 for example, a horn antenna is used.
  • test object for example a banknote 10
  • it is inserted between the transmitting and receiving antenna such that the periodic conductive surface element of the authenticity feature is acted on by the radiation 140 emitted by the transmitting antenna.
  • the test apparatus 100 generates by means of the frequency generator 112 successively at least two frequencies in a frequency range at which the filter properties of the surface element applied to the test object are effective, in the exemplary embodiment the frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 .
  • the respective oscillator signal is amplified by the amplifier 114, fed via the feed line 136 to the transmitting antenna 132 and radiated.
  • the radiation portion 142 transmitted by the banknote 10 is picked up by the receiving antenna 134 and supplied via the lead 138 to the receiving circuit 116, which essentially serves to measure the intensity of the received signal 142 at the selected frequency.
  • the periodic conductive surface elements occurs at at least one predetermined frequency, for example, the frequency ⁇ 1 of Fig. 2 (a) a particularly high attenuation and at least one other predetermined frequency, for example, the frequency ⁇ 2 of Fig. 2 (a) , a particularly low attenuation.
  • the frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the frequency generator 112 correspond to the frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the banknote to be tested, the two different frequencies result in a clearly measurable, different attenuation, which can easily be identified on the basis of the intensity of the received signals.
  • the banknote 10 If the measured attenuation difference of the banknote 10 lies within the framework of the expected measured values, then the banknote is evaluated as genuine and a corresponding indication is output to the user via the display device 120.
  • the authenticity test is performed by measuring the high-frequency electrical reflection properties of an authenticity feature according to the invention.
  • the test apparatus 200 of Fig. 10 It also consists of a transceiver part 210 and an antenna part 230.
  • the antenna part 230 contains a common transmitting / receiving antenna 232, which both emits the output signal 240 generated by the frequency generator 112 and also receives the radiation 242 reflected by the test object 10.
  • the transceiver part 210 in this embodiment in addition to those already at Fig. 9 elements additionally a directional coupler 212, with which the output signal of the amplifier 114 of the antenna 232 is supplied, and the reflected, returning from the antenna 232 signal of the receiving circuit 116 is supplied.
  • a directional coupler instead of the directional coupler, another device for direction-dependent separation of RF signals can be used, such as a circulator.
  • At least two frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 in the relevant frequency range are successively generated, the test object 10 is exposed to electromagnetic radiation of these frequencies, the intensity of the reflected radiation is measured, and the authenticity of the test object is determined on the basis of the measured attenuation difference the two frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 evaluated.
  • the embodiments of the FIGS. 9 and 10 combined in a test device, so that it can be switched between reflection and transmission measurement depending on the characteristics of the present test object.
  • the denomination of the notes can also be determined with the test devices described with appropriate design of the banknotes 10.
  • the periodic conductive surface elements of the banknotes may have two or more points of resonance, such as in FIG Fig. 3 shown.
  • the first resonant frequency ⁇ 1 can be selected uniformly for the entire banknote series, so that this resonant frequency can be used for the authenticity check of the banknotes.
  • the location of the second resonant frequencies ⁇ 3 is chosen differently depending on the denomination of the banknote. By measuring the attenuation at a plurality of appropriately selected frequencies, possibly also continuously over a certain frequency range, the position of the second resonant frequencies ⁇ 3 can be determined and from this position the denomination of the banknote to be tested can be determined. It is understood that more than two resonance frequencies can be used to integrate other or further codings in the banknote. For example, for a banknote series, three resonance frequencies ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , and ⁇ 3 may be set, and the presence or absence of resonance at the respective resonance frequency is interpreted as "1" and "0", respectively, in a 3-bit binary code.
  • the periodic conductive surface elements according to the invention can also directly into the volume from value document substrates.
  • Banknote 300 shown in periodic conductive surface elements are introduced as small wire mesh 302 in the paper pulp in papermaking. This happens, for example, for security papers that are provided with a watermark, by redundant introduction of the wire mesh on the round screen. The redundancy ensures that at least one such structure 302 is present in each banknote 300.
  • a carrier material is necessary in particular if the elementary structures of the surface elements are not connected. It is particularly preferred to introduce different surface elements for different denominations so that the banknotes can later be identified as authentic by the test devices and methods described.
  • FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a banknote 310, in which the periodic conductive surface element 312 is printed by means of conductive ink directly on the banknote paper.
  • the periodic conductive surface element 312 is printed by means of conductive ink directly on the banknote paper.
  • the conductive inks are usually not transparent, they are preferably printed in the background in offset printing or screen printing.
  • the printed surface element can then be laminated in steel printing by opaque printing inks.
  • FIG. 13 shows a cross section through a chip card 320 with a core foil 322, which is embedded between two cover sheets 324.
  • the core sheet 322 is provided with a periodic conductive sheet 326 of one of the types described above.
  • the periodic conductive surface element 326 in particular all known for the production of antennas contactless smart cards manufacturing processes, such as screen printing or etching process into consideration.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Claims (39)

  1. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) pour papiers de sécurité, documents de valeur, cartes à puces et analogues, comportant une caractéristique d'authenticité lisible par une machine, et qui présente des effets de résonance dans une gamme de fréquences prédéterminée d'un rayonnement électromagnétique incident, caractérisé en ce que la caractéristique d'authenticité contient au moins une zone comportant un élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48), qui est formé par une structure en réseau périodique présentant une structure élémentaire répétitive (43 ; 45 ; 47 ; 49), la structure en réseau de l'élément de surface périodiquement conducteur (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) présentant une symétrie d'ordre 2, 3, 4 ou 6.
  2. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est choisi de façon à présenter des effets de résonance pour un rayonnement électromagnétique incident ayant une fréquence comprise entre 3 GHz et 3 THz, de préférence entre 30 GHz et 1000 GHz.
  3. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la caractéristique d'authenticité contient plusieurs zones comportant des éléments de surface conducteurs périodiques (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48), qui présentent des effets de résonance dans différentes gammes de fréquences prédéterminées.
  4. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) recouvre pour l'essentiel la totalité de la surface de l'élément de sécurité (12, 16).
  5. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les structures élémentaires (43 ; 45 ; 47 ; 49) de la structure en réseau sont reliées les unes aux autres par une liaison conductrice.
  6. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les structures élémentaires (43 ; 45 ; 47 ; 49) de la structure en réseau se présentent électriquement isolées les unes des autres sur un support commun.
  7. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est formé par des régions conductrices sur une surface support non conductrice.
  8. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est formé par une surface conductrice comportant des évidements non conducteurs.
  9. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est formé par une couche métallique structurée métallisée sous vide, ou par une couche surimprimée d'une encre d'imprimerie ou d'une pâte conductrice.
  10. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) transmet ou réfléchit par résonance le rayonnement électromagnétique incident ayant une fréquence prédéterminée ω.
  11. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) transmet ou réfléchit par résonance le rayonnement électromagnétique incident pour un grand nombre de fréquences prédéterminées ω1, ω2 ... ωN.
  12. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est combiné à une caractéristique de sécurité conductrice, en particulier métallisée, supplémentaire.
  13. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est, pour camouflage, combiné à une couche de couverture opaque.
  14. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est combiné à une caractéristique de configuration, pouvant être optiquement facilement détectée, de l'élément de sécurité (12, 16).
  15. Elément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (12, 16) est un fil de sécurité, une bande de sécurité, une bandelette de sécurité, une pastille ou un élément de transfert pour application sur un papier de sécurité, un document de valeur ou analogues.
  16. Document de valeur, tel qu'un billet de banque, une carte d'identité ou analogues, qui est muni d'un élément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 15.
  17. Document de valeur, tel qu'un billet de banque, une carte d'identité ou analogues, comportant un substrat pour document de valeur, qui au moins dans une zone est pourvu d'un élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) tel que décrit dans au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13.
  18. Document de valeur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est appliqué, en particulier surimprimé, sur une surface du substrat pour document de valeur.
  19. Document de valeur selon la revendication 17 ou 18, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) recouvre pour l'essentiel la totalité de la surface du document de valeur.
  20. Document de valeur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est incorporé dans le volume du substrat pour document de valeur.
  21. Document de valeur selon au moins l'une des revendications 16 à 20, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est disposé en-dessous d'une couche conductrice, en particulier métallisée, supplémentaire de l'élément de sécurité appliqué (12, 16) ou du document de valeur proprement dit.
  22. Document de valeur selon au moins l'une des revendications 16 à 21, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est, pour camouflage, disposé en-dessous d'une couche de couverture opaque de l'élément de sécurité appliqué (12, 16) ou du document de valeur proprement dit.
  23. Document de valeur selon au moins l'une des revendications 16 à 22, caractérisé en ce que la position d'une ou plusieurs zones de résonance de l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) représentent un paramètre du document de valeur, tel que la valeur nominale d'un billet de banque.
  24. Carte à puce comportant un élément de sécurité (12, 16) selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 15.
  25. Carte à puce comportant une feuille centrale, qui dans au moins une zone est pourvue d'un élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) tel que décrit dans au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13.
  26. Carte à puce selon la revendication 25, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est appliqué, en particulier surimprimé, sur une surface de la feuille centrale.
  27. Carte à puce selon la revendication 25 ou 26, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) recouvre pour l'essentiel la totalité de la surface de la carte à puce.
  28. Carte à puce selon la revendication 25, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est incorporé dans le volume de la feuille centrale.
  29. Carte à puce selon au moins l'une des revendications 24 à 28, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est disposé en-dessous d'une couche conductrice, en particulier métallisée, supplémentaire de l'élément de sécurité appliqué (12, 16) ou de la carte à puce proprement dite.
  30. Carte à puce selon au moins l'une des revendications 24 à 29, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de surface conducteur périodique (42 ; 44 ; 46 ; 48) est, pour camouflage, disposé en-dessous d'une couche de couverture opaque de l'élément de sécurité appliqué (12, 16) ou de la carte à puce proprement dite.
  31. Procédé pour contrôler l'authenticité d'un objet à vérifier selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 30, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    - exposition de la caractéristique d'authenticité lisible par une machine à un rayonnement électromagnétique pour au moins deux fréquences appartenant à la gamme de fréquences prédéterminée,
    - détermination de l'intensité du rayonnement électromagnétique transmis ou réfléchi aux fréquences d'exposition, et
    - évaluation de l'authenticité de l'objet à vérifier à l'aide de la différence d'atténuation des intensités déterminées aux fréquences d'exposition.
  32. Procédé selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que l'évaluation de l'authenticité est mise en oeuvre par une comparaison à une différence d'intensité prévue.
  33. Procédé selon la revendication 31 ou 32, caractérisé en ce qu'on détermine, à partir des intensités déterminées pour les au moins deux fréquences, un paramètre de l'objet à vérifier, en particulier la valeur nominale d'un billet de banque.
  34. Procédé selon la revendication 33, caractérisé en ce que, à partir des intensités, on détermine la position d'une ou plusieurs fréquences de résonance et, à partir de cette position, on détermine le paramètre de l'objet à vérifier.
  35. Dispositif (100) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications 31 à 34, comportant
    - un générateur de fréquence (112), pour la production, au choix, d'au moins deux fréquences appartenant à la gamme de fréquences prédéterminée,
    - une antenne émettrice (132), commandée par le générateur de fréquence, pour l'émission d'un rayonnement électromagnétique ayant la fréquence choisie dans chaque cas,
    - une antenne réceptrice (134), pour recevoir le rayonnement électromagnétique transmis ou réfléchi par l'objet à vérifier (10), et
    - une unité d'évaluation (118) pour évaluer la différence d'atténuation des intensités de rayonnement absorbées aux différentes fréquences, pour évaluer l'authenticité de l'objet à vérifier.
  36. Dispositif (100) selon la revendication 35, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne d'émission et l'antenne de réception (132, 134) sont, pour détecter le rayonnement électromagnétique transmis par l'objet à vérifier (10), disposées sur les côtés opposés de l'objet à vérifier (10).
  37. Dispositif (100) selon la revendication 35, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne d'émission et l'antenne de réception sont, pour détecter le rayonnement électromagnétique réfléchi par l'objet à vérifier (10), disposées sur le même côté de l'objet à vérifier (10).
  38. Dispositif (100) selon la revendication 36, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne d'émission et l'antenne de réception sont formées par la même structure d'antenne (232), et les signaux haute fréquence émis et reçus sont séparés par un dispositif séparateur dépendant de l'orientation, tel qu'un coupleur directif (212) ou un circulateur.
  39. Dispositif (100) selon au moins l'une des revendications 34 à 38, caractérisé en ce que sont prévues des premières antennes d'émission et de réception activables au choix, pour détecter le rayonnement électromagnétique transmis par l'objet à vérifier, et des deuxièmes antennes d'émission et de réception, pour détecter le rayonnement électromagnétique réfléchi par l'objet à vérifier.
EP05776344.3A 2004-09-06 2005-08-25 Element de securite comprenant une caracteristique d'authenticite lisible par machine Not-in-force EP1792283B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004043064A DE102004043064A1 (de) 2004-09-06 2004-09-06 Sicherheitselement mit maschinenlesbarem Echtheitsmerkmal
PCT/EP2005/009182 WO2006027112A1 (fr) 2004-09-06 2005-08-25 Element de securite comprenant une caracteristique d'authenticite lisible par machine

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EP1792283A1 EP1792283A1 (fr) 2007-06-06
EP1792283B1 true EP1792283B1 (fr) 2013-07-31

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EP (1) EP1792283B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004043064A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006027112A1 (fr)

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DE102015009584A1 (de) 2015-07-23 2017-02-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP4091830A1 (fr) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-23 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH Document de valeur et procédé de production d'un document de valeur

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DE102007017133A1 (de) * 2007-04-11 2008-10-16 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines kartenförmigen Datenträgers und kartenförmiger Datenträger
DE102008002583A1 (de) * 2008-06-23 2010-01-14 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitsmerkmal
IT1406553B1 (it) * 2010-11-04 2014-02-28 Nicanti Oy Metodo per applicare un codice elettronico su un substrato
DE102013203758B4 (de) * 2013-03-05 2019-05-16 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Sicherheitsdokument mit mittels Mikrowellen verifizierbarem Sicherheitselement
KR20210128023A (ko) * 2013-06-26 2021-10-25 파브리카 나씨오날 데 모네다 이 띰브레-레알 까사 데 라 모네다 보안 특징물을 구비한 보안 문서를 제공하는 방법 및 보안 문서
EP3686026B1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2021-12-29 Glory Ltd. Structure de prévention de contrefaçon, support de prévention de contrefaçon et procédé d'inspection de structure de prévention de contrefaçon
DE102022001749A1 (de) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Wertdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wertdokuments

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EP4091830A1 (fr) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-23 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH Document de valeur et procédé de production d'un document de valeur
DE102021002600A1 (de) 2021-05-18 2022-11-24 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Wertdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wertdokuments

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EP1792283A1 (fr) 2007-06-06
DE102004043064A1 (de) 2006-03-09

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