EP1787712A1 - Mixing device for liquids - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for mixing a first liquid- and at least a liquid, viscous or powdered further components (K1, K2, etc.), which can be supplied into the mixing chamber (100) of a mixing body (10) and after the execution of the mixing process and which are again dischargeable in the form of the mixing product from the mixing body, where the mixing body, preferably a circular closed-loop tubing system, whose interior space forms the mixing chamber, through which the mixing product is cyclically transportable by means of a conveyance element (7). Device for mixing a first liquid- and at least a further liquid, viscous or powdered components (K1, K2, etc.), which can be supplied into the mixing chamber (100) of a mixing body (10) and after the execution of the mixing process and which are again dischargeable in the form of the mixing product from the mixing body, where the mixing body, preferably a circular closed-loop tubing system, whose interior space forms the mixing chamber, through which the mixing product is cyclically transportable by means of a conveyance element (7), and in the mixing body, several lockable inlet openings (101, 102, etc.) for the supply of the components and at least a lockable outlet (109) for the discharge of the mixing product are intended. Independent claims are included for: (1) a method for mixing a first liquid component and at least a further liquid, viscous or powdered component using the device; and (2) a method for the manufacture of low-molecular reaction products using the device and a component K2, which is reactive with the component K1, or reacts with itself under the influence of the component K1.

Description

Technical area

The invention is based on a device for mixing a liquid first and at least one liquid or non-liquid further component according to the preamble of the first claim. In particular, the invention is based on a mixing device which is cleaned after use and reused with all its elements.

State of the art

Mixing devices, by means of which two or more components are mixed into a completely or partially mixed product, are used in various industrial sectors, for example in the adhesives industry.

Known static mixers in which the mixing is carried out by repeated division of the mixed product, and dynamic mixers in which the mixed product by means of a moving element is divided or swirled several times.

Static mixers, which have no driven elements (see eg [1], WO 02/32562 A1 ), are particularly suitable for mixing low viscosity materials.

From [2], US 4'191'480 is a static mixer known by means of which solids can be mixed with liquids. After passing through the components to be mixed by this static mixer results in a mixed product whose mixing can be improved only by using other mixing devices. In order to achieve a desired mixing ratio, the currents of the supplied components must also be precisely adjusted.

From [3], US 4,264,212 Another static mixer is known, which is particularly suitable for mixing building material components. In this static mixer, a liquid component, for example water, is passed through a tubular element, which first has a divergent part in the direction of flow and then a converging part. The diverging part of the tubular element is connected to supply lines, through which the other to be mixed, liquid or solid, for example powdered components can be fed. This mixing device is therefore particularly simple in structure, but does not allow a sufficiently homogeneous mixing of the components, as required for various applications.

From [4], US 5,240,327 and [5], US 6,024,481 For example, dynamic fluid mixers are known which have a mixing chamber in which mixing elements held by a drive axle are moved. From [6], US 2004/0190372 A1 is a dynamic mixer with a mixing bag contained in a container is known in which liquids are mixed by means of a magnetic stirring rod. In these large-volume mixing devices, a sufficiently good mixing is achieved only after a relatively long mixing time.

In order to avoid contamination of the mixing components, according to [6] it is necessary that the parts of the mixing device which come into contact with the mixed product are thoroughly cleaned before the mixing device is put into operation. This is hardly possible with the mixing devices described in [4] and [5], which have largely closed mixing chambers. In the mixing device shown in [6], the cleaning is easier. This is due to the use of a mixing bag, the entire mixing device designed significantly more complex.

When mixing several components, moreover, their precise metering is important, which is possible only with relatively complicated metering measures and / or metering devices in the devices described above.

Furthermore, the mixing devices described can hardly be used flexibly. So it is hardly possible to use these mixing devices in exposed areas, for example on a scaffolding.

For storage and transport of the mixing devices described also relatively much space is needed.

When working with reactive components, it is known to work to prevent oligomers in high dilution, such as by slow dropwise addition of a highly dilute component with vigorous stirring to a highly dilute second component. In this way, however, only small concentrations of desired substances can be produced, and therefore many times must be concentrated again, for example by distilling off solvent, which means an additional expense and therefore also entails an increase in the cost of production.

Presentation of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide an improved mixing device of the type mentioned.

In particular, the mixing device according to the invention is intended to allow the simple and precise metering of two or more components and the rapid and homogeneous mixing thereof to a degree that is determined by the user.

Furthermore, the inventive mixing device should be simple in design, inexpensive to produce, flexible to use and easy to use and can be cleaned and maintained with little effort. There are compact, easy to transport, especially portable, devices realized.

Furthermore, the inventive mixing device for storage and transport should take up little space.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the first claim. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention serves to mix a first liquid and at least one liquid, viscous or pulverulent further component which can be introduced into the mixing chamber of a mixing body and after carrying out the mixing process in the form of a mixed product from this again be removed.

The term "mixed product" (abbreviated as "MP") throughout this document refers to a product which consists of mixing the components K1, K2, and optionally other components K3, K4,. Understood. In particular, it also includes reaction products which result from mixing these components.

According to the invention, the mixing body is a self-contained, preferably annular, pipe system whose interior forms the mixing chamber through which the mixed product can be cyclically transported by means of a conveying element.

In the mixing body a plurality of inlet openings are provided, through which the components to be mixed are supplied. Furthermore, at least one outlet opening is provided, from which the mixed product can be removed. The inlet openings and the outlet opening, optionally also an additionally provided overflow opening, can be lockable by means of manually or automatically actuated mechanical or electromechanical valves. For example, a conventional tap or an electromechanical valve can be provided at the outlet opening, which is actuated by means of a control unit. The inlet valves may have outlet openings with resilient or elastically pressed sealing elements adjacent thereto, which are displaced under pressure of a supplied component, so that the component can flow through the outlet openings into the mixing chamber; a return flow is prevented. An inlet opening can also be associated with two valves, of which the first valve controls the supply of a component and the subsequent second valve only prevents the reflux of the mixed product.

The mixing device according to the invention offers various particularly simple possibilities for metering the mixing components, wherein it should be noted that a resulting filling with components is required, which allows to circulate the mixed product in the mixing chamber. The advantages of the invention are particularly evident particularly when only a few volume percent of one or more further components are supplied to a first component. The main options for dosing the components are as follows.

For example, the mixing chamber is only partially filled with the first component, after which the further components are supplied. The metering can take place before the supply of the components, for example by means of gravimetric or volumetric methods, or during the supply of the components, for example by means of measuring devices, by means of which the fill level of the mixing chamber is monitored. It is possible to use a metering chamber, in which the components are controlled, for example by means of measuring instruments or by metering, optionally by means of piston pumps, introduced and then transferred into the mixing chamber.

Preferably, however, the mixing chamber is completely filled with the first component, after which the volume of the mixing chamber is changed or a certain volume fraction of the first component is removed from the mixing chamber and the vacant volume fraction is filled by one of the further components. The mixing chamber is therefore used in this case as a metering unit, so that only a further device for metering the other components is needed. For example, dosing, metering or dosing, may be provided in the mixing chamber, which are shifted by the required amount of this to create the desired volume fraction. It is possible to use a vessel in which the corresponding volume fraction of the first component is introduced through the outlet valve or an overflow valve. It is also possible to use a measuring sensor which detects the level within the vessel and emits a corresponding electrical signal to a control unit which controls a valve by means of which the inlet opening of the expansion vessel can be locked.

Particularly advantageous is the use of a dosing with a dosing, which can be transferred after filling with a second or further component in the filled with the first component mixing chamber, in which the dosing chamber is detected by the first component and circulated through the mixing chamber.

As mentioned above, the mixing chamber itself can be used as a dosing unit since it has a known volume. It is now possible to assemble the mixing body from various elements, in particular tubular elements and connecting devices, which are chosen such that a desired volume of the mixing chamber results. It is also possible to use adjustable tube elements, by means of which, for example by telescoping, a desired volume is adjustable.

The mixing device according to the invention can therefore be constructed in one piece or in a modular manner with several pipe system parts which can be connected to one another and are preferably provided in different sizes, so that the mixed product can be produced with a desired volume. Preferably, angle elements and straight tube elements are provided. The straight tube elements can be provided particularly simply with the inlet, outlet and / or overflow openings, optionally the metering bodies, the static mixer and / or the conveying element. Particularly advantageous is the use of a single piece of pipe, which is provided with all the essential functional elements of the mixing device and which is connectable with a flexible hose-like or rigid or hard-elastic tubular extension piece such that a closed, annular mixing chamber is formed.

To connect the pipe system parts ring flanges are provided, for example, which are preferably screwed with the straight pipe elements. After use of the mixing device, this can be disassembled and cleaned in a simple manner and stored in small storage spaces and be transported. If several straight tube elements are provided, they are preferably provided with different diameters, so that they are slidable into one another. Also possible is the use of expandable tubular elements, such as bellows elements, by means of which the volume of the mixing chamber is adjustable.

The intended, the promotion and circulation of the mixed product serving conveyor element can be configured in various ways and be driven in various ways. It can be arranged in the mixing chamber or outside the mixing chamber.

In one embodiment, the conveying element acts in the form of a squeezing pump from the outside by means of crushing force on a region of the pipe system which is elastic at least in the region of the squeeze pump. The squeezing force is usually transmitted by rotating rollers on the pipe system, which is here typically designed in a tubular shape. This will squeeze the tube. By moving the rollers in the direction of the flow direction, the mixed product is moved in the direction of flow. After discharge of the tube by removing the squeezing force, the inner cross section of the tube expands again, so that the mixed product can flow into this area in the flow direction.

In a preferred embodiment, the conveying element, which has, for example, the shape of a screw or a propeller, rotatably supported by a shaft so that it can be rotated by rotation of the shaft or by direct magnetic action on the conveying element. For example, the shaft connected rigidly to the conveying element can be rotated manually or by means of an electric motor. Further, the conveying element can also be axially moved back and forth to promote the mixed product. For this purpose, the conveyor element, for example, articulated wing or scooping elements, which open or close depending on the direction of movement.

Further, the conveying element may be provided with permanent magnets, which are acted upon by an external magnetic field in order to rotate or to move the conveying element in the mixing chamber back and forth. As a result, no mechanical intervention in the mixing chamber, which is why corresponding device parts and sealing elements omitted.

The external magnetic field can be generated by means of coils of a drive unit or by means of permanent magnets, which are arranged on a magnet holder, which surrounds the mixing device preferably in an annular manner. By rotation, displacement or switching of the external magnetic field, for example by changing the currents in the coils of the drive unit or by moving or rotating the magnet holder, the conveying element can be moved accordingly.

The conveying element preferably serves not only the promotion, but also the mixing of the mixed product. The mixed product can be circulated until a desired mixing of the components is achieved. Since the appropriately designed conveying element can detect and swirl the entire stream of the mixed product, a particularly efficient mixing process can be realized.

The conveying element can serve as a dynamic mixer, which stirs and mixes the components supplied. Of course, it is also possible that a largely laminar delivery of the mixed product is achieved. This is desirable, for example, if this requires the properties of the components and / or if in addition at least one static mixer is provided in the mixing chamber, which is cyclically passed through by the mixing product during the mixing process. Preferably, however, the mixing device according to the invention works simultaneously as a dynamic and static mixer, whereby an optimal efficiency is achieved.

For rapid and complete emptying of the mixing chamber after completion of the mixing process and after opening the outlet opening can a gaseous medium, in particular air or an inert gas, such as nitrogen, are introduced through one of the inlet openings into the mixing chamber, through which the mixed product is ejected under pressure through the outlet opening. In the same step, the finished mixed product can also be applied.

The mixing body or its elements are preferably made of optionally coated material such as plastic or metal, which is inert with respect to the components to be mixed and the resulting mixed product.

The geometry of the mixing body can be chosen in various ways. For example, the mixing body can be round or rectangular. The geometry of the mixing body should advantageously be selected so that all areas of the mixing chamber and the parts projecting into the mixing chamber are well-lapped, and in particular no areas are formed which are not or only poorly circulated.

The operation of the device can be completely manual or even partially or completely automated.

The device can be very compact and can be realized in dimensions of less than 2 m, in particular less than 1 m, length, width and height. Such devices are also lightweight, that is easy to transport, especially portable, i. less than 30 kg, in particular less than 20 kg, preferably less than 10 kg.

It has been found that the device according to the invention can be used in particular for the mixing of reactive components. In particular, it is suitable for the components K2, which react with the component K1 or under the influence of the component K1 with itself. The apparatus for producing aqueous silanes in which the component K1 comprises or consists of water and the component K2 comprises a silane or has been shown to be particularly suitable it consists. It has been found, in particular, that the formation of undesired higher molecular weight oligomers or reaction products can be prevented or at least greatly reduced with this process.

Short description of the drawing

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The same elements are provided in the various figures with the same reference numerals. Only the elements essential for the immediate understanding of the invention are shown. The flow direction of the media and the directions of rotation are indicated by arrows.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemässe Mischvorrichtung 1 mit einem mit Eintrittsöffnungen 101, 102, 103 und einer Austrittsöffnung 109 versehenen Mischkörper 10, der eine Mischkammer 100 umfasst, in der die zu mischenden Komponenten mittels eines Förderelements 7 zirkuliert und durchmischt werden, das mittels eines Magnetantriebs 70 angetrieben wird;

Fig. 1a

eine Schnittdarstellung eines Ventils 53, das in die in Figur 1 gezeigte Eintrittsöffnung 103 eingesetzt ist;

Fig. 2

die Mischvorrichtung 1 von Figur 1 mit einer manuell betätigbaren mechanischen Antriebsvorrichtung 75, 750 für das Förderelement 7" sowie mit vorzugsweise ausgestalteten Ventilen 51, 52, 53 und einer Entlüftungsschraube 5000;

Fig. 2a

das Ventil 51 von Figur 2, dessen mit Austrittsöffnungen 501 versehener Ventilkörper 500 von einem elastischen Schlauch 5031 umschlossen ist, der die Austrittsöffnungen 501 unter Druck freigibt;

Fig. 2b

das Ventil 52 von Figur 2, dessen Ventilkörper 500 von einer elastischen Kappe 5032 umschlossen ist, die eine dehnbare Austrittsöffnung 50321 aufweist;;

Fig. 3

die Mischvorrichtung 1 von Figur 1 mit einem elektrischen Antrieb 70 für das Förderelement 7" sowie Dosiervorrichtungen wie Dosierkörper 81A, 81 B und Expansionsgefässe 8;

Fig. 4

die Mischvorrichtung 1 von Figur 3 mit zwei Dosierschrauben 81A und einem Überdruckventil 510;

Fig.5a-c

eine Dosierkammer 1000 mit Ventilen 52d, 53d und Dosiervorrichtungen 4, 81 B;

Fig. 6

eine mit drei Eingangsleitungen 92, 900, 901 versehene Dosiervorrichtung mit einer Dosiertrommel 3, in der eine Dosierkammer 31 vorgesehen ist, die in die Mischkammer 100 hinein drehbar ist;

Fig. 6a

die Dosiervorrichtung von Figur 5 mit drei Ausgangsleitungen;

Fig. 6b

die Dosiervorrichtung von Figur 5 mit einer Ausgangsleitung;

Fig. 7

die Mischvorrichtung 1 von Figur 1 mit einem ersten Rohrelement 111, das mit verschiedenen zweiten Rohrelementen 112 verbindbar ist;

Fig. 8

die Mischvorrichtung 1 von Figur 1 mit elektrisch gesteuerten Ventilen 51', 52', 53', die mit mechanischen Rückschlagventilen 51, 52, 53 gekoppelt sind;

Fig. 9

das mit Permanentmagneten versehene Förderelement 7 von Figur 1, dass mittels eines von Spulen induzierten Drehfeldes angetrieben wird;

Fig. 10

das mit Permanentmagneten versehene, drehbar gelagerte Förderelement 7 von Figur 1, dass mit einer drehbaren äusseren Magnethalterung 7000 gekoppelt ist;

Fig. 11

das mit Permanentmagneten versehene, axial verschiebbar gelagerte Förderelement 7 von Figur 1, dass mittels von Spulen 700A, 700B zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Position verschiebbar ist;

Fig. 12

das mit Permanentmagneten versehene, axial verschiebbar gelagerte Förderelement 7 von Figur 1, dass mit einem axial verschiebbaren äusseren Magnethalterung 7000' gekoppelt ist; und

Fig. 13

eine erfindungsgemässe Mischvorrichtung 1 mit einem ringförmigen Mischkörper 10, der ein gerades Rohrelement 111 mit allen Funktionselementen der Mischvorrichtung 1 und ein ergänzendes flexibles oder starres Ergänzungselement 112 bzw. 112' aufweist.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a mixing device 1 according to the invention with a mixing body 10 provided with inlet openings 101, 102, 103 and an outlet opening 109, which comprises a mixing chamber 100 in which the components to be mixed are circulated and mixed by means of a conveying element 7 which is driven by means of a magnetic drive 70;

Fig. 1a

a sectional view of a valve 53 which is inserted into the inlet opening 103 shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 2

the mixing device 1 of Figure 1 with a manually operable mechanical drive device 75, 750 for the conveyor element 7 "and with preferably designed valves 51, 52, 53 and a vent screw 5000;

Fig. 2a

the valve 51 of Figure 2, which provided with outlet openings 501 valve body 500 is enclosed by an elastic tube 5031, which releases the outlet openings 501 under pressure;

Fig. 2b

the valve 52 of Figure 2, the valve body 500 is surrounded by an elastic cap 5032 having a stretchable outlet opening 50321;

Fig. 3

the mixing device 1 of Figure 1 with an electric drive 70 for the conveying element 7 "and metering devices such as dosing 81A, 81 B and expansion vessels 8;

Fig. 4

the mixing device 1 of Figure 3 with two dosing 81A and a pressure relief valve 510;

5a-c

a metering chamber 1000 with valves 52d, 53d and metering devices 4, 81 B;

Fig. 6

a metering device provided with three input lines 92, 900, 901 with a metering drum 3, in which a metering chamber 31 is provided which is rotatable into the mixing chamber 100;

Fig. 6a

the metering device of Figure 5 with three output lines;

Fig. 6b

the metering device of Figure 5 with an output line;

Fig. 7

the mixing device 1 of Figure 1 with a first tube member 111 which is connectable to various second tube elements 112;

Fig. 8

the mixing device 1 of Figure 1 with electrically controlled valves 51 ', 52', 53 ', which are coupled to mechanical check valves 51, 52, 53;

Fig. 9

the conveying element 7 of FIG. 1 provided with permanent magnets, which is driven by means of a rotating field induced by coils;

Fig. 10

the rotatably supported conveying element 7 of FIG. 1 provided with permanent magnets and coupled to a rotatable outer magnet holder 7000;

Fig. 11

the conveying element 7 of FIG. 1 provided with permanent magnets and mounted so as to be axially displaceable, being displaceable by means of coils 700A, 700B between a first and a second position;

Fig. 12

the provided with permanent magnets, axially displaceably mounted conveyor element 7 of Figure 1 that is coupled to an axially movable outer magnet holder 7000 '; and

Fig. 13

a mixing device 1 according to the invention with an annular mixing body 10, which has a straight tube element 111 with all functional elements of the mixing device 1 and a supplementary flexible or rigid supplementary element 112 or 112 '.

Ways to carry out the invention

1 shows an inventive mixing device 1 with a simple designed annular mixing body 10, the interior of which forms the mixing chamber 100, through which a mixed product MP by means of a conveying element 7 is cyclically transportable. On the upper side of the mixing body 10 a plurality of lockable inlet openings 101, 102, 103, 104 are provided, through the components to be mixed K1, K2, K3 and K4, which are guided in lines 91, 92, 93 and 94, into the mixing chamber 100th are insertable. On the lower side, a closable outlet opening 109 is provided, from which the finished mixed product MP can exit into an outlet line 99.

The inlet openings 101, 102, 103 are provided with check valves 51, 52, 53 which prevent the mixed product MP from flowing back into the supply lines 91, 92, 93, 94 of the components K1, K2, K3, K4. Further, a vent screw 5000 is provided with a vent channel 5001 in an opening 1050 through which air can escape from the mixing chamber 100 when the components to be mixed K1, K2 are filled. The outlet opening 109 is closed with a manually operable valve or tap, which in the simplest embodiment consists of a shaft rotatable by means of a wheel 590 with a passage opening 591 which is rotatable into the outlet channel.

In this particularly simple embodiment of the mixing device 1, the components K1, K2, ... introduced under pressure into the mixing chamber 1, mixed after startup of the drive device and then discharged in the form of the mixed product MP through the output valve 59 and the output line 99. The annular mixing body 10 may, of course, have any other shapes and be designed, for example, circular, oval or elliptical.

1a shows the structure of the check valve 53, which has a valve body 500 with an axial bore and outlet openings 501, which can be locked by means of a ball 5034 which is supported by an elastic element or a metal spring 5033 which rests on an insert element 504, is pushed upwards.

Figure 2 shows the mixing device 1 of Figure 1 with a manually operable mechanical drive device 75, 750 for the conveyor element 7 ", which is held by a double-sided shaft 75 which is manually driven by a crank 750.

Fig. 2 also shows preferably designed valves 51, 52, through which the components K1, K2 are inserted into the mixing chamber 100. The various valves are of course only shown for example. Usually as uniform as possible valves are used.

FIG. 2a shows the valve 51, whose valve body 500 provided with outlet openings 501 is enclosed by an elastic tube 5031 which releases the outlet openings 501 under pressure of the supplied first component K1 and subsequently closes them again so that the mixed product MP does not enter the conduit 91 can.

Figure 2b shows the valve 52, the valve body 500 of which is enclosed by an elastic cap 5032, which has a stretchable outlet opening 50321; which is expanded under pressure of the supplied second component K2, this can happen and then closes again, so that the mixed product MP can not penetrate into the conduit 91.

3 shows the mixing device 1 of FIG. 1 with an electric drive 70 for the conveying element 7 ". The shaft 75 provided with the conveying element 7" is driven by means of an electric motor 70, which is switched on and off by means of a switch 79. Preferably, the shaft 75 is mounted within the mixing chamber 100 by means of bearing elements 76, so that it only exits the mixing body 10 on one side and has to be provided there with sealing elements.

FIG. 3 further shows metering devices, such as metering bodies 81A, 81B, by means of which the (free) volume of the mixing chamber 100 can be adjusted, and an expansion vessel 8 into which the component K1 can be metered out. Shown is also a level indicator 4, by means of which the level can be read accurately.

The mixture of two components, a liquid first component K1 and a liquid, viscous or powdery second component K2 runs on the basis of the mixing device 1 of Figure 2 as follows.

On the one hand, the components K1, K2 to be mixed can be metered into the mixing chamber 100 and mixed there. This can be done in the traditional way by gravimetric or volumetric dosing, which is possible with known effort. Alternatively, the level can be read on the level indicator 4 on the measuring scale 40 and the second component K2 are supplied until a correspondingly calculated level is reached.

On the basis of the mixing device 1 according to the invention, however, this effort can be largely avoided by completely filling the mixing chamber 100, which has a known volume, with the first component K1, for example water, in a first step. Subsequently, a clearance for the second component K2 is created in the mixing chamber 100. For example, a certain volume of the first component K1 is discharged through the manually operable valve 55 into the first expansion vessel 8 or discharged through the outlet opening 109. Alternatively, the metering screw 81A or the piston 81 B can be turned out of the mixing body 10 or moved out until the volume fraction provided for the second component K2 is released. If air can not flow into the vacated volume, the second component K2 is automatically sucked into the mixing chamber 100 by the resulting vacuum. For example, with each revolution of the metering screw 81A, exactly 5 ml of the second component K2 is introduced into the mixing chamber 100.

The dosing with the mixing device 1 shown in FIG. 4 is particularly simple and has three inlet valves 51, 52, 53, a metering screw 81A and a pressure relief valve 510. The supply lines to the inlet valves 51, 52, 53 or these themselves can be closed by means of closing devices 910, 920, 930. In a first Step is, after opening the first closing device 910, the mixing chamber 1 with the first component K1 (eg water) filled until it exits the pressure relief valve 510, that is, until the mixing chamber 100 is completely filled with the first component K1. In a second step, the first closing device 910 is closed again, the second closing device 920 is opened and the metering screw 81A is rotated by n revolutions from the mixing chamber 100, whereby a corresponding volume of the second component K2 is automatically sucked into the mixing chamber 100. In a third step, the second closing device 920 is closed again, the third closing device 920 is opened and the metering screw 81A is rotated by m revolutions from the mixing chamber 100, whereby a corresponding volume of the third component K3 is automatically sucked into the mixing chamber 100. The drive device is preferably put into operation already after filling the first component K1, so that the other components are added continuously.

The mixed product MP will now be circulated through the mixing chamber 100 until the desired degree of mixing occurs. The entire mixed product MP is included with each cycle in the mixing process, so that the desired degree of mixing is achieved with high efficiency and minimal time.

After completion of the mixing process, the outlet opening 109 and the outlet valve 59 is opened and the finished mixed product MP emptied from the mixing chamber 100. The emptying or the discharge of the mixed product MP is preferably carried out under pressure of a gaseous medium L, such as air, which is introduced, for example, through one of the inlet openings (see Figure 1, valve 54) in the mixing chamber 100. The mixed product MP exiting from the mixing chamber 100 under pressure of the gaseous medium L can be temporarily stored or applied directly.

FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c show metering devices which make it possible to provide a selectable volume of the second component K2 in a metering chamber 1000.

In Figure 5a, the component K2 is introduced into the metering chamber 1000 and the level measured by means of a dipstick 4, which is held by a float. After reaching the desired level, the metered volume of the component K2 is transferred via the connecting line 92 into the mixing chamber 100 by air is injected through the valve 53 d in the metering chamber 1000. In certain cases, a gravimetric transfer is possible.

In Figure 5b, the component K2 is sucked through the valve 52d in the metering chamber 1000 by a metering 81 B is removed by a certain amount of this. In FIG. 5 c, the metering piston 81 B is returned, whereby the valve 52 d closes and the metered volume of the component K 2 is transferred via the connecting line 92 into the mixing chamber 100.

FIG. 6 shows a metering device provided with three input lines 92, 900, 901 with a drum chamber 1030 in which a metering drum 3 is rotatably mounted by means of a shaft 32. The metering drum 3 has a plurality of metering chambers 31 which are rotatable, for example, by rotation of the shaft 32 into the mixing chamber 100 (shown in FIG. 6). The drum chamber 1030 is in this embodiment an integral part of the mixing body 10 and has on the boundary plates 1035, 1036 only inlet and outlet openings 102, through which at certain drum positions a medium in the metering chamber 31 into or out of the metering chamber 31 is also transferable. By the boundary plates 1035, 1036 and optionally provided sealing elements ensures that the supplied media can only get into the metering chamber 31 and the mixed product MP can not escape from the mixing chamber 100. It is possible to use one or more metering chambers 31.

The metering device of Figure 6 functions as follows. In a first position, one of the metering chambers 31 is connected to the first input line 900 and the output line 900 ', through which a rinsing agent, optionally air, is guided in order to empty and rinse the dosing chamber 31. In an optionally provided second position, the metering chamber 31 is connected to the second input line 901, through which a gaseous medium L, optionally air or nitrogen, is passed in order to dry the metering chamber 31. In a third position, the metering chamber 31 is connected to the input line 92, which leads to a component K2 to be mixed, which is introduced either only in the metering chamber 31 or through this to an outlet line 92 '. Further, the metering chamber 31 can be rotated into the mixing chamber 100 in which it is flushed by the first component K1. Subsequently, the now filled with the first component K1 metering chamber 31 is further rotated to the first position, where the first component K1 is ejected from the metering chamber 31. The filling and emptying of the dosing 31 now takes place until the filled dosage is reached. If a plurality of metering chambers 31 are provided, the process described during a rotation of the metering drum 3 is carried out sequentially for each metering chambers 31. Of course, fourth and further positions can be provided, where other components can be added. Of course, it is also possible that all components are supplied sequentially via the same line 92.

This device with the metering drum 3 can be advantageously automated by the shaft 32 of the metering drum 3 is driven for example by means of a controlled electric motor.

Thus, the metering drum 3 can be manually detected and rotated, the drum chamber 1030 may also be provided with an opening, which, however, is to be sealed at the edges.

FIG. 6a shows the metering device of FIG. 5 with three output lines 900 ', 901' and 92 '. For example, the lines 900, 900 '; 901, 901 'and 92, 92' each be part of a closed circuit.

FIG. 6b shows the metering device of FIG. 5 with only one outlet line 900 ', through which the liquid taken up from the mixing chamber 100 is led away. The air supplied from the second conduit 901, on the other hand, is discharged through an opening 10361 to the environment. In the third position, the metering chamber 31 is closed by the limiting plate 1036 on one side.

The annular mixing body 10 may consist of one or more parts. FIG. 7 shows the mixing device 1 of FIG. 1 with a first tube element 111, which can be connected to various second tube elements 112 by means of connecting elements 110. For example, a tubular, flexible second tubular element 112A can be connected to the first tubular element 111. Furthermore, tubular elements 112B, 112C of different sizes of metal or plastic can be used, which make it possible to set a certain volume of the mixing chamber 100. The tubular members 111, 112 may also be stretchable or otherwise adjustable, for example, provided with bellows members 1120C. Furthermore, tube elements to be connected to one another are used, whose inner and outer diameters are matched to one another, and whose ends are provided with mutually corresponding inner and outer threads, so that they can be screwed together in a simple manner. For individual applications, it may also be sufficient if the tube elements are pushed into each other, wherein the volume of the mixing chamber 100 can be set again selectable.

The use of elastic tube elements 111; 112 also allows a defined expansion of the mixing chamber 100 under pressure of the supplied components K1, K2, K3, .... Under pressure, for example, the elastic bellows elements 1120C expand to the required extent. The mixing body 10 can therefore be designed such that the volume of the mixing chamber 100 can be set to a fixed value before the start of the mixing process and / or that the volume during the mixing process under pressure of the supplied components K1, K2, K3 is set variably to a specific value. For example, a tubular elastic tube member 112A may be expanded to a certain volume under pressure of the supplied first component K1, after which a volume of the second component K2 is supplied under pressure, thereby resulting in further expansion of the elastic tube member 112A.

The mixing device 1 shown in Figure 7 is at the output of the first pipe element 111, then the inlet valves 51, 52 also optionally provided with a static mixer 2 through which the mixed product MP either swirled or divided into largely laminar flow streams that individually be transferred from first into different second cross-sectional segments of the mixing chamber 100. Advantageously, a turbulence. By using the static mixer 2, the mixing process can be further accelerated.

After use of the mixing device 1 shown in Figure 7, the parts 111, 112 of the mixing body 10 can be detached from each other and easily cleaned and then deposited in a space-saving.

FIG. 8 shows the mixing device 1 of FIG. 1 with electrically controlled valves 51 ', 52', 53 ', which are coupled with mechanical non-return valves 51, 52, 53. Only the supply of air L serving electrically controlled valve 54 'is not coupled to a check valve, so that for example when filling the first component K1, the air can escape through the valve 54'. Optionally, an electrically controlled overflow valve 55 'may be provided, through which liquid can be transferred into a vessel. The controllable valves 51 ', 52', ..., 54 'are connected by control lines 61, 62, ..., 64 to a control unit 6, by means of which also preferably the drive unit 70 and is controllable. The control of the device, in particular the dosage can on the basis of the control unit. 6 also be carried out fully automatically. For this purpose, preferably sensor 800 (see Figure 3) are provided, by means of which, for example, the level of an expansion vessel 8 measured and the associated valve 55 (see Figure 8) is actuated. Furthermore, the temperature of the mixed product MP can also be measured and optionally a heating element can be controlled.

Of course, the valves used for the mixing device 1 can also be controlled in other ways, for example pneumatically or hydraulically.

The mixing device 1 of Figure 8 further comprises two optionally provided static mixers 2a, 2b, which are arranged near the outlet openings of the valves 52, 53, through which the components K2 and K3 are introduced into the mixing chamber 100. This allows the components K2 and K3 to rapidly mix into the mixing product after entering the mixing chamber 100.

As has been described above, the conveying element 7, 7 'mounted rotatably on or with the shaft 75 or axially displaceably mounted along the shaft 75 is preferably driven by magnetic force.

FIG. 9 shows the conveying element 7 of FIG. 1 configured as a magnetic rotor, which has rigidly arranged wing elements 71, which are held between the shaft 75 and a magnet ring 72 provided with magnets. During the rotation of the magnet rotor 7, the mixed product MP is conveyed by the wing members 71 in the flow direction. The mounted on the magnet ring 72 magnets made, for example, AlNiCo, SmCo, NdFeB. Preferably, high energy magnets are used from the rare earths. These materials are characterized by their high energy product of more than 300 kJ per cubic meter. Of practical importance are materials of the lanthanide group, in particular samarium cobalt (SmCO) and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB).

By applying an external magnetic field, which, as shown in FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12, is produced by means of electrical coils 700 or 700 A, 700 B or by means of an external magnet holder or an external magnet ring 7000, 7000 ', the conveying element 7 7 'are set in motion.

In FIG. 9, a rotating magnetic field is generated by means of the coils 700, which detects and rotates the conveying element 7 designed as a magnet rotor, on which the permanent magnets are aligned in an alternating manner.

In Figure 10, outside of the mixing body 10 is provided with a permanent magnet outer magnet holder, or an external magnet ring 7000, which is coupled to the magnet rotor 7, that the fields of the associated permanent magnets of the inner magnet ring 72 and the outer magnet ring 7000 in are aligned in the same direction and reinforce each other. The inner magnetic ring 72 and the outer magnetic ring 7000 are therefore rigidly coupled together. If the outer magnetic ring 7000 is rotated manually or by a motor, therefore, the desired rotation of the magnetic ring 72, whereupon the wing elements 71 swirl the mixed product MP and promote through the mixing chamber 100.

FIG. 11 shows the axially displaceably mounted conveying element 77 'of FIG. 2 in a further embodiment with wing elements 710, which are rotatably mounted by means of shafts 711 between two positions. In the first position, the wing elements 710 are unfolded and convey the mixed product MP in the one displacement direction. In the other direction of displacement, the wing elements 710 are folded so that the mixed product MP can pass unhindered. Alternatively, the conveying element 7 'can also be provided with a screen element, which closes when being pushed through the mixed product MP and opens when pulled through the mixing product MP. If the conveyor element 7 'designed in this way is now moved back and forth along the shaft 75, the mixed product MP will always only be in one direction promoted. The inner magnetic ring 72 is preferably equipped in this embodiment with permanent magnets same radial polar alignment (NN -...).

Now, if currents are passed in different directions through the coils 700A, 700B shown in Figure 11, fields of different polarity are formed, one of which attracts the inner magnetic ring 72 in one direction and the other repels it in the same direction. By simply switching the streams, the conveying element 7 'thus axially moved back and forth and the mixed product MP are promoted.

In FIG. 12, an external magnetic ring 7000 'with permanent magnets is again provided, which are aligned radially in the same direction as the permanent magnets of the conveying element 7', whereby a coupling between the inner and the outer magnetic ring 7 ', 7000' results. In order to improve the coupling between the magnetic rings 7 ', 7000', additional return elements 7050 ', 7500 are provided by which the poles of the permanent magnets facing away from each other are tightly coupled. The outer magnet ring 7000 'therefore always floats at the level of the inner magnet ring 72, which, however, follows the movements of the outer magnet ring 7000' and can be driven thereby. The outer magnet ring 7000 'itself can be driven manually or by motor.

The conveying element 7 or 7 'can therefore be rotated or moved axially without mechanical intervention in the mixing chamber 100 by means of externally acting magnetic forces. The use of hard magnetic magnets outside the mixing chamber 100 to form the magnetic field allows a particularly advantageous contactless coupling of the conveyor element 7, 7 'with an outer drive unit 7, the energy only for the drive of the conveyor element 77 and 77' and not for the production of the Magnetic field must spend.

FIG. 13 shows a mixing device 1 according to the invention with an annular mixing body 10 which has a straight tube element 111 and a supplementary flexible, elastic or rigid supplementary element 112A or 112B. In or on the straight pipe element 111, all functional elements of the mixing device 1, namely the drive 7 with the conveying element 7, optionally provided static mixer 2, the inlet and outlet valves 51, 52, 53, 59 and a metering body 81A are provided. The inventive mixing device 1 can be constructed very compact in this way. If a hose is used as supplementary element 112A, the dimensions of the mixing device 1 for storage and transport reduce to the dimensions of the straight pipe element 111. Instead of a hose, a hard elastic plastic pipe or a light metal tube 112B can be used, for example by means of two Flange elements 110 is connected to the straight pipe element 111.

Due to the simple construction and the small dimensions, the mixing devices 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 13 can also be used flexibly. The mixing devices 1 can easily be carried to a place of use, where appropriate assembled and used there.

The mixing device 1 according to the invention has been described and illustrated in preferred embodiments. On the basis of the teaching according to the invention, however, further expert designs can be realized. In particular, various forms of the mixing body 10 are realized, which have a self-contained mixing chamber 100, which, however, may have any, for example ring or circular course. Furthermore, further drive and control mechanisms and of course also other valves can be used, which are connected in a manner known to those skilled in the mixing body 10, for example screwed or welded. Furthermore, of course, the materials of the device parts can be selected as needed.

The device is suitable for mixing a liquid component and at least one further liquid, viscous or powdery component (K1, K2, ...).

In particular, the device is suitable for mixing reactive compounds. In particular, the device is suitable for mixing a reactive component K2 into a liquid component K1, it being possible for the reactive component K2 either to react with the liquid component K1 or to react with itself under the influence of the liquid component K1. In these cases, it is often important to prevent an uncontrolled reaction. Such reactions are frequently encountered, for example, in polymerization or oligomerization reactions. In such reactions, it is often necessary to mix the component K2 in the smallest possible concentration in the component K1.

The amount of component K1 is preferably much higher than components K2, K3. Typically, the ratio of mass of K1 used to mass of the mixed product is ≥ 0.5, in particular ≥ 0.6, preferably ≥ 0.7.

Thus, for example, low molecular weight polymers or oligomers can be prepared by the component K1 is hydrogen peroxide or a dispersion of an organic peroxide and the component K2 is a (meth) acrylate.

Another illustrative example of the use of the device according to the invention is shown in the preparation of adducts of polyisocyanates and polyamines. Does the component K1 a polyamine, z. Example, a diamine of the formula H ₂ N-R'-NH ₂ , or a solution thereof in a solvent, to which the component K2 is added and which is a polyisocyanate, for. As a diisocyanate of the formula OCN-R "-NCO, and wherein R 'and R" are each a divalent organic radical, an adduct of formula (I) can be prepared very efficiently.

However, the component K1 represents a polyisocyanate, eg. Example, a diisocyanate of the formula OCN-R "-NCO, to which the component K2 is added and which is a polyamine, for example a diamine of the formula H ₂ N-R'-NH ₂ , or a solution thereof in a solvent, and wherein R 'and R "each represent a divalent organic radical, an adduct of formula (II) can be prepared very efficiently.

In both cases, the formation of higher molecular weight adducts can be greatly reduced.

A further illustrative example of the use of the device according to the invention is the preparation of molecules which are prepared via an intramolecular reaction, in particular under an intramolecular ring formation. An example of this is schematically the reaction of a diol HO-R'-OH as component K2 with a carboxylic acid dichloride CICO-R "-COCl as component K3 and a base in a solvent as component K1 to an intramolecular diester (III) .The polyester formation (IV) (m >> 1) can thus be reduced to a large extent become.

A preferred example of the use of the device according to the invention is shown for the preparation of aqueous silane solutions.

If the component K1 is water or an aqueous solution to which at least one silane and / or at least one titanate is added as component K2, a homogeneous aqueous solution can be obtained by means of the device according to the invention without causing precipitations or turbidity caused by higher oligomeric siloxanes or titanates are obtained form.

In this preferred embodiment, component K1 contains at least one acid in addition to water. The acid can be organic or inorganic. Organic acids are on the one hand carboxylic acids, in particular a carboxylic acid, which is selected from the group consisting of formic, acetic, propionic, trifluoroacetic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric and citric acid and amino acids, in particular aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Preference is given to acids which have a pK _a between 4.0 and 5. Due to their pK _a, such acids have an excellent buffering effect in the optimum pH range of 3.5 to 4.5 for the present invention, which results after mixing the components K1, K2,.... By "pK _a " the chemist is known to mean the negative decadic logarithm of the acid dissociation constant K _a : pK _a = -log ₁₀ K _a .

As the carboxylic acid, acetic acid is preferable. On the other hand, suitable organic acids are those which contain a sulfur atom or a phosphorus atom. Such organic acids are in particular organic sulfonic acids. Organic sulfonic acid is understood as meaning compounds which have an organic radical having carbon atoms and at least one -SO ₃ H functional group. The aromatic sulfonic acid may be mononuclear or polynuclear, and one or more sulfonic acid groups may be present. For example, these may be 1- or 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or alkylbenzenesulfonic acids.

The component K1 may comprise further constituents, which, however, may also be added separately as further components K3, K4,.... Examples of such additives are solvents, inorganic fillers, catalysts and stabilizers, dyes or pigments.

In the particularly preferred embodiment described, component K2 comprises at least one silane.

The term "organosilane" or "silane" for short in this document refers to compounds in which on the one hand at least one, usually two or three, hydrolyzable group is bonded directly to the silicon atom, and on the other at least one directly to the Silicon atom (via a Si-C bond) have bound organic radical and have no Si-O-Si bonds. The silanes, or their silane groups, have the property of hydrolyzing on contact with moisture. This organosilanols, ie silicon-organic compounds containing one or more silanol groups (Si-OH groups) and, by subsequent condensation reactions, organosiloxanes, that is silicon-organic compounds containing one or more siloxane groups (Si-O-Si groups ).

The term "titanate" in the present document refers to compounds in which at least one, usually two or three, typically four, hydrolyzable group are bonded directly to the titanium atom.

Terms such as "aminosilane", "epoxysilane", "alkylsilane", "(meth) acrylatosilane", "mercaptosilane" and "vinylsilanes" denote silanes which have the corresponding functional group, in this case an aminoalkylsilane, epoxyalkylsilane, alkylsilane, ( Meth) acryloxysilane, mercaptoalkylsilane and vinylsilane.

Particularly suitable silanes are aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, mercaptosilanes, (meth) acrylatosilane and alkylsilanes.

As aminosilanes, on the one hand, in particular aminosilanes of the formula (V) are suitable.

On the other hand, particularly suitable as aminosilanes are those reaction products prepared by the reaction of aminosilanes of the formula (V) and an amino reactive compound ( ARV ), the amino reactive compound containing at least one functional group capable of reacting with a primary or secondary amino group and the aminosilane of formula (V) has at least one secondary or primary amino group.

Here, R ^{1 is} an alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, preferably a methyl or an ethyl group. R ¹ is preferably a methyl group.

Furthermore, X is a hydrolyzable group, in particular the group OR ² , where R ^{2 is} an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group or an isopropyl group. R ² is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Furthermore, R ^{3 is} a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R ³ is preferably a propylene group.

Furthermore, R ^{4 is} H or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a substituent of the formula (VI)

Furthermore, R ^{5 is} H or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms with further hetero atoms or a substituent of the formula (VI)

Particularly advantageous radicals of a linear alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms with further heteroatoms R ⁵ are the radicals CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ and CH ₂ CH ₂ NHCH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ .

Finally, the subscript a stands for a value 0, 1 or 2, in particular for 0 or 1. Preferably a stands for 0.

Examples of such aminosilanes of the formula (V) are 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-amino-2-methylpropyltrimethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyldimethoxymethylsilane, 4-amino-3-methylbutyl trimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyl-trimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminoethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, aminomethyltrimethoxysilane, aminomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, aminomethylmethoxydimethylsilane, N-methyl- 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-butyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-methyl 3-amino-2-methylpropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-ethyl-3-amino-2-methylpropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-ethyl-3-aminopropyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-phenyl-4-aminobutyl-trimethoxysilane, N-phenyl- aminomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-cyclohexylaminomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-methyl-a minomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-ethyl-aminomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-propyl-aminomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-butyl-aminomethyl-dimethoxymethylsilane; N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine, tris (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine and their analogs with ethoxy or isopropoxy groups instead of the methoxy groups on the silicon.

Preferred aminosilanes of the formula (V) are aminosilanes which are selected from the group comprising aminosilanes of the formula (VII), (VIII) and (IX).

The most preferred aminosilanes of formula (V) are the aminosilanes 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- [2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino] -propyltrimethoxysilane, Bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine and tris (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine.

In one embodiment, the aminosilane is a reaction product of an aminosilane of formula (V) as described above and having at least one secondary or primary amino group, with a compound ( ARV ) having at least one functional group which is substituted with a primary or secondary amino group can react.

This functional group, which can react with a primary or secondary amino group, is preferably an epoxy group. But there are also other groups, such as isocyanate groups or activated double bonds, conceivable. Particularly suitable compounds with epoxy groups are epoxysilanes. Preferred compounds ( ARV ) which can react with the aminosilane of the formula (V) with at least one secondary or primary amino group are epoxysilanes of the formula (X)

R ^{1 'in} this case represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, preferably a methyl or an ethyl group. stands. R ^{2 '} is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Furthermore, R ^{3 'is} a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 C atoms and a' is 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0 or 1.

R ^{1 '} is in particular a methyl group. R ^{2 '} is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group or an isopropyl group. As particularly preferred, R ^{2 'is} a methyl group or an ethyl group. R ^{3 '} is preferably propylene. The index a 'preferably stands for 0.

Examples of epoxysilanes are 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

Preferred epoxysilanes are 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The most preferred epoxy silane is 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

The aminosilane of formula (V) which is used for the reaction product are in addition to N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane and N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, preferably N- (2 Aminopropyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, in particular aminosilanes of the formula (VII) or (VIII), in particular 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) amine. Preference is given to 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine.

Depending on the stoichiometry of the aminosilane of the formula (V) and the amine-reactive compound ( ARV ), the reaction product may or may not have primary or secondary amino groups.

Examples of such reaction products are compounds of the formula (XI), (XII), (XIII), (XIV), (XV) and (XVI).

The compounds of the formulas (XI), (XII) and (XIII) are obtained from the reaction of N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

The compounds of formulas (XIV) and (XV) are obtained from the reaction of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

The compound of the formula (XVI) is obtained from the reaction of bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

Of course, inter- and intramolecular other reaction products, such as those obtainable by ring formations and transesterification reactions, are also possible.

Examples of amine-reactive compounds ( ARV ) with activated double bonds are, for example, α, β-unsaturated compounds, in particular maleic diesters, fumaric diesters, citraconic diesters, acrylates, methacrylates, cinnamates, itaconic, vinylphosphonic for example those from malonic diesters and aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or benzaldehyde. Such amine-reactive compounds form Michael adducts in which the amine adds to the double bond. Examples of such reaction products are Michael adducts of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, aminomethyltrimethoxysilane or aminomethyl- dimethoxymethylsilane on dimethyl maleate, diethyl or dibutyl ester, acrylic acid tetrahydrofurfuryl, isobornyl, hexyl, lauryl, stearyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 3-hydroxypropyl ester, phosphonic acid dimethyl, diethyl or dibutyl ester, Acrylonitrile, 2-pentenenitrile, fumaronitrile or β-nitrostyrene, as well as the analogues of said aminosilanes with ethoxy instead of the methoxy groups on the silicon. In particular, the Michael adduct N- (3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl) -amino-succinic acid diethyl ester is mentioned.

Examples of amine-reactive compounds ( ARV ) with isocyanate groups are isocyanatosilanes or polyisocyanates. Particular examples of isocyanatosilane are 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. Examples of suitable polyisocyanates are 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and any desired mixtures of these isomers, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and any desired mixtures of these and others Isomers, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 2, 2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and - 1,4-diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato -3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (= isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), perhydro-2,4'- and -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2, 6-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDI), m- and p-xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), 1,3- and 1,4-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis- (isocyanatomethyl) -cyclohexane, oligomers of the aforementioned polyisocyanates, as well as any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. Preferred are MDI, TDI, HDI and IPDI, and their biurets or isocyanurates.

If the silane is an epoxysilane, the epoxysilanes as described above as amine reactive compounds ( ARV ) are preferable.

Examples of mercaptosilane as silane are 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.

Examples of (meth) acrylatosilane silanes are 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.

If the silane is an alkylsilane, particular mention should be made of silanes with C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl radicals, for example methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane and butyltrimethoxysilane.

Component K2 may contain other ingredients. However, these further components can also be added separately as components K3, K4, etc. Such further constituents are, in particular, surfactants, solvents, inorganic fillers, catalysts and stabilizers, dyes or pigments.

As surfactants, natural or synthetic substances can be used which reduce the surface tension of the water or other liquids in solutions. Surfactants, also called wetting agents, anionic, cationic, nonionic or ampholytic surfactants or mixtures thereof can be used. Preferably, a ratio of silane to surfactant is between 5: 1 and 1: 2. The optimum ratio of silane to surfactant is, in particular for aminosilanes as silanes, a value of 3: 1 to 2: 3. It is preferable that the component K2 has not less than 33% by weight, more preferably not less than 40% by weight of silane. It is advantageous if component K2 has not more than 1% by weight, in particular not more than 0.5% by weight, of water. Most preferably, component K2 consists essentially only of silane and surfactant. Under "essential" is understood here that the sum of the weight of silane and Tenside more than 90 wt .-%, in particular more than 95%, preferably more than 99 wt .-%, based on the weight of the component K2, is.

The invention also relates to a method for mixing at least a least one liquid component and at least one further liquid, viscous or powdery component (K1, K2,...) By means of a device as described above.

It has been found that in this way an intimate mixing is made possible, so that only small local concentrations of reactive compounds occur when the components K1 and K2 meet at least at the reaction time. Thereby, the formation of higher molecular weight species can be prevented or greatly reduced, so that largely low molecular weight compounds are formed.

Furthermore, these desired low molecular weight compounds can be obtained in a relatively high concentration, without having to separate off solvents in large quantities.

Therefore, particularly inventive devices are preferred, on the one hand have a strong circulation of the component K1, or the mixed product, in the loop and in which at or immediately after the introduction of the respective components, in particular the component K2, turbulent flows. Therefore, the use of static mixers 2 or of the conveying element 7, 7 ', 7 ", in particular in the direction of flow immediately after or in the vicinity of the inlet openings 101, 102, 103 or the metering chamber 31, is preferred It may be advantageous if a plurality of conveying elements 7,7 ', 7 "and / or static mixer 2 are used. The metered addition of the components is preferably carried out slowly. This can be done by continuous addition or pulse-like addition. The metering rate must be adjusted to the reactivity of the components, the flow rate, the concentration, the viscosity and turbulence in the mixing chamber, especially at or after the entry of the components into the mixing chamber.

Typically, the process is as follows. The mixing chamber 100 is filled with the component K1. The component K2 is then metered in with circulation by means of conveying elements 7, 7 ', 7 "of the component K1, so that there is a mixture of K1 and K2 or reaction products formed therefrom in the chamber, which are likewise circulated It is of advantage that the mixing chamber 100 is now filled, for example, any possible foaming in a completely filled mixing chamber 100 is absent or greatly suppressed. However, it can also be an advantage that the mixing chamber 100 is now not completely filled with liquid and, for example, there is still air or an inert gas such as nitrogen in the mixing chamber Such filling may be advantageous, for example, in terms of better mixing.

After the desired mixing product of the desired quality is obtained, it is removed through an outlet opening 109 of the device. Subsequently, the device can be used for further mixing operations. It may be advantageous that the device is carried out after the emptying of the mixed product from the device, a cleaning process of the device. Thus, the mixing chamber can be filled with a solvent or the component K1 and circulated and then emptied and possibly dried by air or gas. The performance of such cleaning operations can also be carried out automatically, for example after a certain number of mixing and emptying operations or after certain periods of time.

References

[1]

WO 02/32562 A1

[2]

US 4'191'480

[3]

US 4,264,212

[4]

US 5,240,327

[5]

US 6,024,481

[6]

US 2004/0190372 A1

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

mixing device

10

mixing body

100

mixing chamber

1000

metering

1030

drum chamber

1035, 1036

boundary plates

101, 102, 103

inlets

105

Overflow opening

1050

Overflow opening or vent

109

outlet

110

connecting element

111

first pipe element

112A, 112B, 112C

second pipe element

1120C

elastic element, bellows

2; 2a, 2b

static mixer

3

metering drum

31

Dosing chamber in the dosing drum 3

32

Shaft of the dosing drum 3

4

Dipstick, level indicator, measuring glass

40

scale

5000

Venting and / or overflow screw

5001

Air duct in the bleed screw 5000

500

Valve body with bore

501

lateral outlet opening

502

Bore in the valve body

5031

elastic element or hose

5032

elastic element or cap

50321

Passage opening in the cap 524

5033

elastic element or spring

5034

Bullet

504

termination element

51, ..., 59

mechanical valves

51 ', ..., 59'

electromechanical valves

52d, 53d

Valve in the dosing chamber 1000

510

Pressure relief valve

590

Wave with wheel

591

drilling

6

control unit

61, 62, ...

connected to the control unit 6 lines

7, 7 ', 7 "

impeller

70

drive unit

700

coil packs

7000, 7000 '

outer magnetic ring, magnet holder

71, 710

rigid or rotatably mounted wing elements

711

Shafts of the rotatably mounted wing elements 710

72

(inner) magnetic ring

75

wave

750

lever

76

Bearing element for the shaft 75

79

switch

8th

expansion tanks

800

probe

81A, 81B

Metering screw, dosing piston

900, 900 ', 901, 901'

Cable, air line, gas line, flushing line

91, 92, ...

Supply lines to the mixing chamber 100

91 ', 92'

Supply lines to the dosing 1000

99

outlet pipe

K1, K2, ...

blending components

L

Air, gas, nitrogen

MP

mixed product

Claims (19)

Device (1) for mixing a liquid first and at least one liquid, viscous or powdery further component (K1, K2, ...), which can be introduced into the mixing chamber (100) of a mixing body (10) and, after the mixing process has been carried out in the form of Mixed product (MP) are removable from this again, characterized in that the mixing body (10) is a self-contained, preferably annular, pipe system whose interior forms the mixing chamber (100) through which the mixed product (MP) by means of a conveying element ( 7, 7 ', 7 ") is cyclically transportable, wherein in the mixing body (10) a plurality of lockable inlet openings (101, 102, ...) for the supply of the components (K1, K2, ...) and at least one lockable outlet opening ( 109) are provided for the removal of the mixed product (MP). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveying element (7, 7 ") acts from outside on the pipe system by force or that the conveying element (7, 7") by means of a shaft (75) is rotatable or that the conveying element (7 ' ), which allows the mixed product (MP) to pass practically unimpeded in one direction only, is displaceable back and forth along the shaft (75), the conveying element (7, 7 ') or the shaft (75) being mechanically, electromechanically or magnetic drive (70, 75, 750) is drivable. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the mixing chamber (100) at least one static mixer (2, 2a, 2b), which is cyclically traversed during the mixing process of the mixed product (MP), preferably in the flow direction adjacent to the inlet openings (102, 103, ...) of the further components (K2, K3, ...) is arranged, wherein preferably each of the further components (K2, K3, ...) is associated with a static mixer (2a, 2b). Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a) in the mixing body (10) at least one overflow opening (105; 1050) is provided, from which the mixed product (MP) or the still unmixed first component (K1), preferably in an adjustable dose, can escape; and / or that b) in the mixing body (10) at least one metering body, such as a metering screw (81A) or a metering piston (81 B), is provided, which can be moved from the mixing chamber (100) preferably by a selectable volume; so that in the mixing chamber (100) results in a free volume fraction, which can be filled by means of another component (K2, K3, ...); and / or that c) a metering chamber (1000) connected to the mixing chamber (100) is provided, into which a specific volume of a component (K2, K3, ...) is determined by means of a measuring device (4) and / or by means of a moving piston (81 B). insertable and by means of supply of a gaseous medium (L) or retraction of the piston (81 B) in the mixing chamber (100) is transferable; and / or that d) is provided with a metering chamber (31) provided metering drum (3) which is rotatably mounted within a to the mixing body (10) adjacent and preferably closed drum chamber (1030) such that the dosing chamber (31) open on both sides in a first Position of the metering drum (3) tightly connected to the supply line (92) and or with the supply line (92) and the discharge line (92 ') of a component (K2, K3, ...) is connected and in a second position in the Mixing chamber 100 protrudes. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the metering drum (3) is rotatably mounted such that the metering chamber (31) in a third position of the metering drum (3) with a purge line (900) and / or in a fourth position with a gas line (901) is connected, by means of which the metering chamber (31) can be rinsed and blown out and optionally dried. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the volume of the mixing product (MP) or the first component (K1) leaving the overflow opening (105; 1050) is limited by means of an expansion vessel (8; 80) of preferably adjustable volume Preferably, a measuring sensor (800) is provided, by means of which the fill level is electrically detectable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one of the inlet openings (103) of the supply and / or the outlet of a gaseous medium (L), such as air or nitrogen, is used, which under pressure from a compressor or a compressed gas tank in the mixing chamber (100) is insertable or can be discharged from this. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the inlet, outlet and / or overflow openings (101, 102, ..., 109) by means of a, preferably manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically controlled, valve (51, ..., 59, 51 ', ..., 59') is completed and / or that the inlet openings (101, 102, ...) is followed by a mechanical valve (51, ..., 59) which projects into the mixing chamber (100). Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mixing body (10) in one piece or from one or more detachably connected together pipe system parts, such as a first, preferably straight, and a second, preferably curved tubular element (111, 112) constructed is preferably at least a straight first tube element (111) with the inlet, outlet and / or overflow openings (101, 102, ...; 109), the static mixer (2), the metering bodies (81) and / or the conveying element (7, 7 ', 7 ") and is connected to at least one flexible, hard-elastic or rigid, optionally expandable second tubular element (112). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the mixing body (10) or its elements made of material such as plastic or metal, which is inert with respect to the components to be mixed (K1, K2, ...) and the resulting mixed product (MP). Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a preferably provided with a control program control unit (6) is provided, by means of at least one of the valves (51, ..., 59), a drive unit (70) for the conveying element (7, 7 ', 7 "), and / or at least one in particular the supply of a component (K1, K2, ...) serving pump, preferably in response to the signals from the sensor (800) emitted, is controllable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the conveying element (7, 7 ') mounted rotatably or displaceably by means of a shaft and is provided with permanent magnets which rotatably or displaceably with permanent magnets outside the mixing body (10), preferably annular magnet holder (7000, 7000 ') coupled or with a by means of coils (700, 700A,' 700B ') can be generated magnetic field coupled. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the rotatably mounted conveying element (7, 7 ") comprises conveying elements (71) which are rigidly held or that the axially displaceably mounted conveying element (7 ') conveying elements (710), which are rotatably or slidably held between a first and a second position, which the conveying elements (710) in dependence of Take the direction of movement through the mixed product (MP) to promote this or let pass. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the valves (51, ...) have a valve body (500) with a through bore (502), which with a by means of an elastic member (5033) mounted ball (5034 ) or that the valves (51, ...) have a valve body (500) with a bore (502) and at least one outlet opening (501) against which a preferably tubular elastic element (5031) presses or that the valves (51) 51, ...) comprise a valve body (500) having a through bore (502) covered by a resilient member (5032) having a passage opening (50321) which opens under pressure. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the component K2 is a component reactive with the component K1 or that the component K1 triggers a reaction of the component K2 with itself. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the component K1 is or contains water and the component K2 is a silane, in particular an alkoxysilane. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the silane comprises an aminosilane, in particular of the formula (V) or a reaction product of the formula (V) which has at least one secondary or primary amino group, with a compound (ARV) which contains at least one functional group , which is, is or contains a primary or secondary amino group

in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, preferably a methyl or an ethyl group, preferably a methyl group; X is a hydrolyzable group, in particular the group OR ² , where R ^{2 is} an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group ; R ^{3 is} a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 C atoms, preferably a propylene group; R ^{4 is} H or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms or is a substituent of the formula (VI)

R ^{5 is} H or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 C atoms with further heteroatoms or is a substituent of the formula (VI)

and a is a value 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0 or 1, preferably 0. Method for mixing a liquid first and at least one liquid, viscous or pulverulent further component (K1, K2, ...) using a device according to one of claims 1-17. A process for preparing low molecular weight reaction products using a device according to any one of claims 1-17 and a component K2, which is reactive with the component K1, or reacts with itself by the influence of the component K1.

Images