EP1787099A1 - Measuring device for detecting stresses of a bearing arrangement - Google Patents

Measuring device for detecting stresses of a bearing arrangement

Info

Publication number
EP1787099A1
EP1787099A1 EP05774373A EP05774373A EP1787099A1 EP 1787099 A1 EP1787099 A1 EP 1787099A1 EP 05774373 A EP05774373 A EP 05774373A EP 05774373 A EP05774373 A EP 05774373A EP 1787099 A1 EP1787099 A1 EP 1787099A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
measuring device
bearing
support ring
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05774373A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan GLÜCK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler KG filed Critical Schaeffler KG
Publication of EP1787099A1 publication Critical patent/EP1787099A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/522—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to load on the bearing, e.g. bearings with load sensors or means to protect the bearing against overload
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/042—Housings for rolling element bearings for rotary movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring device for detecting loads on a bearing, wherein the loads can be measured by means of elastic shape changes.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a simple and cost-effective measuring device which is relatively insensitive to influences from the environment.
  • the measuring device has at least one light source. All technical light sources, such as light emitting diodes, laser sources, infrared light sources, lamps, etc., are conceivable.
  • the type of light as a rule a bundle of rays, is alternatively selectable and dependent on the selected light source.
  • the measuring device has at least one or more sensibly arranged in the vicinity of the storage light passages.
  • the light passage is, for example, a gap, a slot or a bore or a differently shaped passage for light. Part of the light from the light source is held back at the edge of the light passage. The other part of the light passes through the passage and hits the light sensor or a reflector without hindrance.
  • the passage cross section of the light passage is variable by Verformun ⁇ conditions at the edges which limit the light transmission. It is also conceivable that the edges, without deforming, move relative to a starting position and thus change the light transmission. Loads on the bearing lead to elastic deformations the material of the support at least in the region in which the light passage is formed. As a result, the edges lying opposite each other and bordering the light passage approach or displace one another or move away from one another.
  • the light passage / gap thus acts as a diaphragm.
  • Aperture changes analogously to the size of the loads exerted on the bearing.
  • Loads are all actions and reaction forces acting on the bearing resulting from the bearing of a rotary or linearly movable one
  • the senor (s) are all suitable technical converters of light such as photosensitive resistors, photodiodes, phototransistors or the like.
  • the support is either located between a component to be supported by the bearing movably and the bearing or the support supports the bearing with the component against the environment.
  • the loads are passed from the component via the support to the Lü ⁇ tion.
  • the loads from the component are first forwarded to the bearing and then to the support.
  • Bei ⁇ play bearing flange or housing-fixed bearing support between a housing and a bearing in which the component is mounted by means of at least the rotary / linear bearing.
  • the device according to the invention is simple and robust and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the light passage (s) in an adapter or form support ring.
  • the support ring can be made of any plastic or other suitable materials and provided with the light apertures.
  • the sensor system comprising the light source and the sensor as well as all other necessary electrical and electronic components are either arranged separately from the support ring or are optionally integrated into it.
  • Bearings are to be understood as meaning all rotary or linear bearings or optionally combinations thereof, which support one or more components in a rotationally movable or linearly displaceable manner.
  • the measuring device is preferably used on rotary, sliding or roller bearings.
  • a separate production engineering preparation of the bearings for their use Ver ⁇ with a device according to the invention is not necessary.
  • the use of any radial or thrust bearing or combinations of die ⁇ sen is conceivable.
  • the essential components of the measuring device can be integrated in an adapter ring.
  • the adapter ring if it is designed, for example, made of plastic, can be arbitrarily adapted to already existing surrounding structures. Due to the spatial distance of the light passage to the loaded bearing, the loads of the bearing point can be measured without the influence of the elastic deformations on bearing rings on the measured values. With appropriate proximity to the bearing and sufficient flexibility of the support in the area of the light passages, however, such deformations can also be detected with the measuring device.
  • the measuring device allows the detection of bearing loads in areas of low to high loads and thus allows, for example, the detection of imbalances.
  • the measuring device is secured against destruction from overloads.
  • the elastic regions with the light passages are connected in series or in parallel with rigid portions of the support.
  • the rigid supports take overloads in the sense of overload protection on. It is also conceivable that such an overload protection is provided by the size of the light passage, ie by the height of the gap itself. When a certain load is exceeded, for example, the body edges lying opposite one another on the gap meet, so that the gap dimension of the light passage is at least in places equal to zero.
  • the senor / measuring device is preassembled optionally as a structural unit, for example on a circuit board, at least from the light sensors and the light sources, connecting elements and further electronic components.
  • the assembly is inserted in mounting the measuring device in the support ring.
  • the measuring device usually has a further comparison sensor to the light sensor and / or is additionally provided with a comparison light source to the light source, so that a comparison of the actual and setpoint values can be made permanently.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show, in simplified form, a measuring device for detecting loads on a bearing 5 in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation 5a of the bearing 5.
  • the measuring device 1 is a finished assembly before final assembly and in FIG. 1b shown.
  • the bearing 5 is in this case a radial bearing, for example, a Wälz ⁇ or plain bearings.
  • the measuring device 1 has at least one light source 2, at least one light sensor 3 and at least one light passage 4.
  • the light passage 4 is spatially separated from the bearing 5 in a at least partially elastically yielding support 6, which is coupled to the bearing 5, in the form of a support ring 6a.
  • the radial bearing is received in the support ring 6a.
  • the support ring 6a is a composite part with, for example, an outer ring of a rotary bearing.
  • the outer ring which is not shown in detail, is overmolded with the plastic of the support ring 6a in order to produce the composite. It is also conceivable that the support ring is pressed onto the outer ring.
  • the light source 2 and the light sensor 3 are mounted on a common board 7, together with other electronic components 8 and conductors or connecting elements 9, to form a unit 10.
  • the support ring 6a has a chamber 11 and a further chamber 12.
  • the chambers 11 and 12 are separated by a radial web 13 of the support ring 6a.
  • the light passage 4 is formed.
  • the web 13 is at least so elastically yielding in the radial direction that the radial gap dimension S of the light passage 4 is variable as a function of the loads on the bearing 5.
  • the unit 10 is inserted into the chamber 11 and secured in the support ring 6a.
  • the chamber 11 is closed ver ⁇ frontally with a cover 14, which can be seen ver ⁇ for the connection of conductors with plated through holes and optionally closes the chamber 11 watertight.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device 16 for detecting loads on a bearing 17.
  • the bearing is comprised of a stationary support 18 in the form of a support ring 18a.
  • the support ring 18a is made of plastic, for example.
  • At least one light passage 19, at least one light source 20 and one light sensor 21, are spatially separated from the bearing 17 in the support ring 18a.
  • the loads of the bearing 17 can be detected from S to S x and vice versa on the basis of the changes in the gap dimension of the light passage 19.
  • the gap S is dependent on the loads F and therefrom on the support ring 18a in the region of the light transmission resulting elastic shape changes.
  • a portion 27 of the light 23 of the light source 20 directed onto the light passage 19 outside the support 18 passes through the light passage 19.
  • Light 22 is detected on the opposite side to the light source 20 by a light sensor 21, interrogated by an evaluation unit 26 and passed on via conductor 24.
  • the sensor is encapsulated by means of a housing 25 shown in dashed lines.
  • Measuring device 16 Measuring device
  • Light sensor 18 support
  • Support 21 Light sensor a Support ring 22 Stub shaft
  • Connection element 25 Housing 0 Unit 26 Evaluation unit 1 Chamber 27 Share 2 Chamber 3 Bridge 4 Cover 5 Reflector

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring device (1, 16) for detecting stresses of a bearing arrangement (5, 17), said stresses being measurable based on elastic changes in shape. The inventive measuring device (1, 16) comprises at least one light source (2, 20) which is directed onto at least one light passage (4, 19) and at least one light sensor (3, 21). The dimensions of at least one portion of the light (23) that penetrates the light passage (4, 19) and impinges the light sensor (3, 21) can be modified by elastically changing the shape of the light passage (4, 19).

Description

FAG Kugelfischer AG & Co. oHG Georg-Schäfer-Str. 30, 97421 Schweinfurt FAG Kugelfischer AG & Co. oHG Georg-Schäfer-Str. 30, 97421 Schweinfurt
Bezeichnung der ErfindungName of the invention
Messvorrichtung zum Erfassen von Belastungen einer LagerungMeasuring device for detecting loads on a bearing
Beschreibungdescription
Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Messvorrichtung zum Erfassen von Belastungen einer Lagerung, wobei die Belastungen anhand von elastischen Formände- rungen messbar sind.The invention relates to a measuring device for detecting loads on a bearing, wherein the loads can be measured by means of elastic shape changes.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Eine derartige Messvorrichtung ist in DE 26 42 044 B1 beschrieben. Stati¬ sche und dynamische Belastungen eines Wälzlagers werden in aufwendiger Form mittels Dehnmessstreifen ermittelt. Kenngröße für die Bewertung der Belastung des Lagers ist die elastische Verformung des Lagers selbst. Dabei wird in der Regel die Verformung eines Lagerringes im Wälzkontakt unter Last von den Dehnmessstreifen erfasst. Die Dehnmessstreifen sind dazu unmittelbar an dem belasteten Lagerring befestigt. Diese Sensorik braucht am Lager Bauraum und ist gegen Umwelteinflüsse zu schützen. Derartige Anordnungen sind in der Regel deshalb aufwendig.Such a measuring device is described in DE 26 42 044 B1. Stati¬ cal and dynamic loads of a rolling bearing are determined in a complex form by means of strain gauges. The characteristic for the evaluation of the load of the bearing is the elastic deformation of the bearing itself. The deformation of a bearing ring in the rolling contact under load is usually detected by the strain gauges. The strain gauges are attached directly to the loaded bearing ring. This sensor needs in the storage space and must be protected against environmental influences. Such arrangements are therefore usually complicated.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine einfache und kostengünstige sowie gegen Einflüsse aus der Umgebung relativ unempfindliche Messvor- richtung zu schaffen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a simple and cost-effective measuring device which is relatively insensitive to influences from the environment.
Diese Aufgabe ist nach dem Gegenstand des Anspruches 1 durch eine opti¬ sche Messvorrichtung mit folgenden Merkmalen gelöst:This object is achieved according to the subject matter of claim 1 by an opti¬ cal measuring device having the following features:
- Die Messvorrichtung weist wenigstens eine Lichtquelle auf. Denkbar sind alle technischen Lichtquellen, wie zum Beispiel Leuchtdioden, Laserquellen, Infrarotlichtquellen, Lampen usw.. Die Art des Lichtes, in der Regel ein Bündel von Strahlen, ist alternativ wählbar und ab¬ hängig von der gewählten Lichtquelle.- The measuring device has at least one light source. All technical light sources, such as light emitting diodes, laser sources, infrared light sources, lamps, etc., are conceivable. The type of light, as a rule a bundle of rays, is alternatively selectable and dependent on the selected light source.
Die Messvorrichtung weist mindestens einen oder mehrere sinnvoll in der Nähe der Lagerung angeordnete Lichtdurchlässe auf. Der Licht- durchlass ist beispielsweise ein Spalt, ein Schlitz oder eine Bohrung bzw. ein anders gestalteter Durchgang für Licht. An dem Rand des Lichtdurchlasses wird ein Teil des Lichtes der Lichtquelle zurückgehal¬ ten. Der andere Teil des Lichtes geht durch den Durchlass hindurch und trifft ungehindert auf den Lichtsensor oder auf einen Reflektor. Der Durchlassquerschnitt des Lichtdurchlasses ist durch Verformun¬ gen an den Kanten, die den Lichtdurchlass begrenzen, veränderlich. Denkbar ist auch, dass sich die Kanten, ohne sich zu verformen, ge¬ genüber einer Ausgangslage verlagern und den Lichtdurchlass somit ändern. Belastungen des Lagers führen zu elastischen Verformungen des Materials der Stütze zumindest in dem Bereich, in dem der Licht- durchlass ausgebildet ist. Als Folge davon, nähern oder verlagern sich die aneinander gegenüberliegenden und den Lichtdurchlass begren¬ zenden Kanten aneinander an oder entfernen sich voneinander. Der Lichtdurchlass/Spalt wirkt somit als Blende. Die freie Öffnung derThe measuring device has at least one or more sensibly arranged in the vicinity of the storage light passages. The light passage is, for example, a gap, a slot or a bore or a differently shaped passage for light. Part of the light from the light source is held back at the edge of the light passage. The other part of the light passes through the passage and hits the light sensor or a reflector without hindrance. The passage cross section of the light passage is variable by Verformun¬ conditions at the edges which limit the light transmission. It is also conceivable that the edges, without deforming, move relative to a starting position and thus change the light transmission. Loads on the bearing lead to elastic deformations the material of the support at least in the region in which the light passage is formed. As a result, the edges lying opposite each other and bordering the light passage approach or displace one another or move away from one another. The light passage / gap thus acts as a diaphragm. The free opening of the
Blende ändert sich analog zu der Größe der auf das Lager ausgeüb¬ ten Belastungen.Aperture changes analogously to the size of the loads exerted on the bearing.
Belastungen sind alle auf das Lager wirkenden Aktions- und Reakti- onskräfte, die aus der Lagerung eines dreh- bzw. linearbeweglichenLoads are all actions and reaction forces acting on the bearing resulting from the bearing of a rotary or linearly movable one
Bauteiles resultieren.Components result.
Der/die Sensoren sind in Abhängigkeit von der Lichtquelle alle geeig¬ neten technischen Wandler von Licht wie lichtempfindliche Wider- stände, Photodioden, Phototransistoren o. ä..Depending on the light source, the sensor (s) are all suitable technical converters of light such as photosensitive resistors, photodiodes, phototransistors or the like.
Die Stütze sitzt entweder zwischen einem durch die Lagerung beweg¬ lich zu lagernden Bauteil und der Lagerung oder die Stütze stützt die Lagerung mit dem Bauteil gegen die Umgebung ab. Im ersten Fall werden die Belastungen aus dem Bauteil über die Stütze an die Lage¬ rung weiter gegeben. Beispiel: die Stütze sitzt radial zwischen einem Wellenzapfen und einem Innenring eines Rotativlagers, in dem die Welle drehbar gelagert ist. Im zuletzt genannten Fall, einer Ausgestal¬ tung der Erfindung, werden die Belastungen von dem Bauteil zu- nächst an die Lagerung und dann an die Stütze weitergeleitet. Bei¬ spiel: Lagerflansch bzw. gehäusefeste Lagerstütze zwischen einem Gehäuse und einem Lager, in dem das Bauteil mittels wenigstens des Rotativ-/Linearlagers gelagert ist.The support is either located between a component to be supported by the bearing movably and the bearing or the support supports the bearing with the component against the environment. In the first case, the loads are passed from the component via the support to the Lage¬ tion. Example: the support sits radially between a shaft journal and an inner ring of a Rotativlagers in which the shaft is rotatably mounted. In the last-mentioned case, an embodiment of the invention, the loads from the component are first forwarded to the bearing and then to the support. Bei¬ play: bearing flange or housing-fixed bearing support between a housing and a bearing in which the component is mounted by means of at least the rotary / linear bearing.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist einfach und robust ausgebildet sowie kostengünstig herzustellen. So ist es, wie eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorsieht, denkbar den Lichtdurchlass/die Lichtdurchlässe in einem Adapter bzw. Stützring auszubilden. Der Stützring kann beliebig aus Kunststoff oder anderen geeigneten Materialien hergestellt und mit den Lichtdurchlässen versehen werden. Die Sensorik aus Lichtquelle und Sensor sowie alle not¬ wendigen weiteren elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteile sind entweder getrennt von dem Stützring angeordnet oder sind wahlweise in diesen integ¬ riert.The device according to the invention is simple and robust and inexpensive to manufacture. Thus, as one embodiment of the invention provides, it is conceivable to use the light passage (s) in an adapter or form support ring. The support ring can be made of any plastic or other suitable materials and provided with the light apertures. The sensor system comprising the light source and the sensor as well as all other necessary electrical and electronic components are either arranged separately from the support ring or are optionally integrated into it.
Unter Lagerungen sind alle Rotativ- bzw. Linearlager oder wahlweise Kombi¬ nationen aus diesen zu verstehen, die ein oder mehrere Bauteile drehbe- weglich bzw. linearverschiebbar lagern. Die Messvorrichtung ist vorzugswei¬ se an Rotativ-, Gleit- oder Wälzlagern eingesetzt.Bearings are to be understood as meaning all rotary or linear bearings or optionally combinations thereof, which support one or more components in a rotationally movable or linearly displaceable manner. The measuring device is preferably used on rotary, sliding or roller bearings.
Eine gesonderte fertigungstechnische Vorbereitung der Lager für deren Ver¬ wendung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist nicht notwendig. Der Einsatz aller beliebigen Radial- bzw. Axiallager oder Kombinationen aus die¬ sen ist denkbar. Die wesentlichen Bestandteile der Messvorrichtung sind in einem Adapterring integrierbar. Der Adapterring kann, wenn er zum Beispiel aus Kunststoff gestaltet ist, beliebig an schon vorhandene Umgebungskon¬ struktionen angepasst werden. Aufgrund der räumlichen Distanz des Licht- durchlasses zu dem belasteten Lager sind die Belastungen der Lagerstelle ohne den Einfluss der elastischen Verformungen an Lagerringen auf die Messwerte messbar. Bei entsprechender Nähe zum Lager und bei ausrei¬ chender Flexibilität der Stütze im Bereich der Lichtdurchlässe können aber auch derartige Verformungen mit der Messvorrichtung mit erfasst werden. Die Messvorrichtung gestattet das Erfassen von Lagerlasten in Bereichen von geringen bis zu hohen Lasten und ermöglicht damit zum Beispiel das Erkennen von Unwuchten.A separate production engineering preparation of the bearings for their use Ver¬ with a device according to the invention is not necessary. The use of any radial or thrust bearing or combinations of die¬ sen is conceivable. The essential components of the measuring device can be integrated in an adapter ring. The adapter ring, if it is designed, for example, made of plastic, can be arbitrarily adapted to already existing surrounding structures. Due to the spatial distance of the light passage to the loaded bearing, the loads of the bearing point can be measured without the influence of the elastic deformations on bearing rings on the measured values. With appropriate proximity to the bearing and sufficient flexibility of the support in the area of the light passages, however, such deformations can also be detected with the measuring device. The measuring device allows the detection of bearing loads in areas of low to high loads and thus allows, for example, the detection of imbalances.
Die Messvorrichtung ist gegen Zerstörung aus Überlasten gesichert. In ei- nem solchen Fall sind zum Beispiel die elastischen Bereiche mit den Licht¬ durchlässen in Reihe oder parallel mit starren Anteilen der Stütze geschaltet. Die starren Stützen nehmen Überlasten im Sinne einer Überlastsicherung auf. Denkbar ist auch, dass eine derartige Überlastsicherung durch die Grö¬ ße des Lichtdurchlasses, d. h. durch die Höhe des Spaltes selbst, vorgege¬ ben ist. Beim Überschreiten einer bestimmten Last treffen dann zum Beispiel die einander am Spalt gegenüberliegenden Körperkanten aufeinander, so dass das Spaltmaß des Lichtdurchlasses zumindest stellenweise gleich Null ist.The measuring device is secured against destruction from overloads. In such a case, for example, the elastic regions with the light passages are connected in series or in parallel with rigid portions of the support. The rigid supports take overloads in the sense of overload protection on. It is also conceivable that such an overload protection is provided by the size of the light passage, ie by the height of the gap itself. When a certain load is exceeded, for example, the body edges lying opposite one another on the gap meet, so that the gap dimension of the light passage is at least in places equal to zero.
Mit einer weiteren alternativen Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ist die Senso- rik/Messvorrichtung zumindest aus den Lichtsensoren und den Lichtquellen, Verbindungselementen sowie weiteren elektronischen Bausteinen wahlweise als Baueinheit zum Beispiel auf einer Platine vormontiert. Die Baueinheit wird bei Montage der Messvorrichtung in den Stützring gesteckt.With a further alternative embodiments of the invention, the sensor / measuring device is preassembled optionally as a structural unit, for example on a circuit board, at least from the light sensors and the light sources, connecting elements and further electronic components. The assembly is inserted in mounting the measuring device in the support ring.
Die wechselnde Helligkeit des Lichtes, Alterungen der Lichtquelle oder des Lichtsensors, Schwankungen in der Stromversorgung und der Einfluss aus der Umgebung wie Temperatur- und Luftfeuchte usw. beeinflussen und ver¬ fälschen unter Umständen die Messergebnisse. Deshalb weist die Messvor¬ richtung in der Regel einen weiteren Vergleichssensor zum Lichtsensor auf und/oder ist zusätzlich mit einer Vergleichslichtquelle zur Lichtquelle verse- hen, so dass dauerhaft ein Vergleich der Ist- mit den Sollwerten vorgenom¬ men werden kann.The changing brightness of the light, aging of the light source or of the light sensor, fluctuations in the power supply and the influence of the environment such as temperature and humidity, etc. under certain circumstances affect and falsify the measurement results. Therefore, the measuring device usually has a further comparison sensor to the light sensor and / or is additionally provided with a comparison light source to the light source, so that a comparison of the actual and setpoint values can be made permanently.
Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDescription of the drawings
Die Figuren 1a und 1 b zeigen vereinfacht eine Messvorrichtung zum Erfas¬ sen von Belastungen einer Lagerung 5 in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Rotationsachse 5a der Lagerung 5. In Figur 1 a ist die Messvorrichtung 1 vor der Fertigmontage und in Figur 1 b als fertig montierte Baugruppe dargestellt. Die Lagerung 5 ist in diesem Fall ein Radiallager, beispielsweise ein Wälz¬ oder Gleitlager. Die Messvorrichtung 1 weist wenigstens eine Lichtquelle 2, mindestens einen Lichtsensor 3 und zumindest einen Lichtdurchlass 4 auf. Der Lichtdurchlass 4 ist von der Lagerung 5 räumlich getrennt in einer zu¬ mindest teilweise elastisch nachgiebigen sowie mit der Lagerung 5 gekop¬ pelten Stütze 6 in Form eines Stützringes 6a ausgebildet. Das Radiallager ist in dem Stützring 6a aufgenommen. Der Stützring 6a ist ein Verbundteil mit z.B. einem Außenring eines Rotativlagers. Der nicht weiter dargestellte Au¬ ßenring ist zur Herstellung des Verbundes mit dem Kunststoff des Stützrin¬ ges 6a umspritzt. Denkbar ist auch, dass der Stützring auf den Außenring aufgepresst ist.FIGS. 1a and 1b show, in simplified form, a measuring device for detecting loads on a bearing 5 in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation 5a of the bearing 5. In FIG. 1a, the measuring device 1 is a finished assembly before final assembly and in FIG. 1b shown. The bearing 5 is in this case a radial bearing, for example, a Wälz¬ or plain bearings. The measuring device 1 has at least one light source 2, at least one light sensor 3 and at least one light passage 4. The light passage 4 is spatially separated from the bearing 5 in a at least partially elastically yielding support 6, which is coupled to the bearing 5, in the form of a support ring 6a. The radial bearing is received in the support ring 6a. The support ring 6a is a composite part with, for example, an outer ring of a rotary bearing. The outer ring, which is not shown in detail, is overmolded with the plastic of the support ring 6a in order to produce the composite. It is also conceivable that the support ring is pressed onto the outer ring.
Die Lichtquelle 2 und der Lichtsensor 3 sind auf einer gemeinsamen Platine 7, zusammen mit weiteren elektronischen Bausteinen 8 und Leitern bzw. Anschlusselementen 9, zu einer Einheit 10 montiert. Der Stützring 6a weist eine Kammer 11 und eine weitere Kammer 12 auf. Die Kammern 11 und 12 sind durch einen radialen Steg 13 des Stützringes 6a voneinander getrennt. In dem Steg 13 ist der Lichtdurchlass 4 ausgebildet. Der Steg 13 ist in Radi¬ alrichtung zumindest so elastisch nachgiebig ausgelegt, dass das radiale Spaltmaß S des Lichtdurchlasses 4 in Abhängigkeit von den Belastungen an der Lagerung 5 veränderlich ist. der Bei dem Zusammenbau der Messvor- richtung 1 wird die Einheit 10 in die Kammer 11 gesteckt und in dem Stütz¬ ring 6a befestigt. Die Kammer 11 ist stirnseitig mit einem Deckel 14 ver¬ schlossen, der für den Anschluss von Leitern mit Durchkontaktierungen ver¬ sehen sein kann und wahlweise die Kammer 11 wasserdicht verschließt.The light source 2 and the light sensor 3 are mounted on a common board 7, together with other electronic components 8 and conductors or connecting elements 9, to form a unit 10. The support ring 6a has a chamber 11 and a further chamber 12. The chambers 11 and 12 are separated by a radial web 13 of the support ring 6a. In the web 13, the light passage 4 is formed. The web 13 is at least so elastically yielding in the radial direction that the radial gap dimension S of the light passage 4 is variable as a function of the loads on the bearing 5. During the assembly of the measuring device 1, the unit 10 is inserted into the chamber 11 and secured in the support ring 6a. The chamber 11 is closed ver¬ frontally with a cover 14, which can be seen ver¬ for the connection of conductors with plated through holes and optionally closes the chamber 11 watertight.
Die Lichtquelle 2 ragt durch den Steg 13 in die Kammer 12. Dem Steg 13 liegt in der Kammer 12 axial ein Reflektor 15 gegenüber, der auf den Licht¬ durchlass 4 gerichtet ist. Die Kammer 12 ist stirnseitig auch mit einem De¬ ckel 14 verschlossen, an dem der Reflektor 15 befestigt oder wahlweise durch Beschichten aufgebracht sein kann. Der Lichtsensor 3 erfasst den Anteil des Lichtes der Lichtquelle 2, der durch den Reflektor 15 auf den Lichtdurchlass 4 reflektiert ist und den Lichtdurchlass 4 passiert. Figur 2 zeigt schematisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Messvor¬ richtung 16 zum Erfassen von Belastungen einer Lagerung 17. Die Lagerung ist von einer ortsfesten Stütze 18 in Form eines Stützringes 18a umfasst. Mit der Lagerung 17 ist eine Welle, von der nur der Wellenstumpf 22 angedeutet ist, drehbar gelagert. Der Stützring 18a ist zum Beispiel aus Kunststoff gefer¬ tigt. In den Stützring 18a ist räumlich getrennt von der Lagerung 17 wenigs¬ tens ein Lichtdurchlass 19 ausgebildet, dem jeweils wenigstens eine Licht¬ quelle 20 und ein Lichtsensor 21 zugeordnet sind.The light source 2 protrudes through the web 13 into the chamber 12. The web 13 is in the chamber 12 axially opposite a reflector 15, which is directed to the Licht¬ passage 4. The chamber 12 is also closed at the front with a lid 14 to which the reflector 15 can be fixed or optionally applied by coating. The light sensor 3 detects the proportion of the light of the light source 2, which is reflected by the reflector 15 on the light passage 4 and the light passage 4 passes. FIG. 2 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device 16 for detecting loads on a bearing 17. The bearing is comprised of a stationary support 18 in the form of a support ring 18a. With the bearing 17 is a shaft, of which only the stub shaft 22 is indicated, rotatably mounted. The support ring 18a is made of plastic, for example. At least one light passage 19, at least one light source 20 and one light sensor 21, are spatially separated from the bearing 17 in the support ring 18a.
Die Belastungen der Lagerung 17 sind anhand der Änderungen des Spalt¬ maßes des Lichtdurchlasses 19 von S auf Sx und umgekehrt erfassbar. Das Spaltmaß S ist von den Belastungen F und daraus an dem Stützring 18a im Bereich des Lichtdurchlasses resultierenden elastischen Formänderungen abhängig. Ein Anteil 27 des Lichtes 23 der außerhalb der Stütze 18 auf den Lichtdurchlass 19 gerichteten Lichtquelle 20 passiert den Lichtdurchlass 19. Der von der Größe des Spaltmaßes S bis Sx und somit von den Belastun¬ gen, beispielsweise von der Kraft F abhängige Anteil 23 des Lichtes 22 wird auf der zur Lichtquelle 20 entgegengesetzten Seite von einem Lichtsensor 21 erfasst, von einer Auswerteeinheit 26 abgefragt und über Leiter 24 wei- tergegeben. Die Sensorik ist mittels eines gestrichelt dargestellten Gehäuses 25 verkapselt. The loads of the bearing 17 can be detected from S to S x and vice versa on the basis of the changes in the gap dimension of the light passage 19. The gap S is dependent on the loads F and therefrom on the support ring 18a in the region of the light transmission resulting elastic shape changes. A portion 27 of the light 23 of the light source 20 directed onto the light passage 19 outside the support 18 passes through the light passage 19. The proportion 23 of the force F dependent on the size of the gap S and S x and thus on the loads, for example on the force F Light 22 is detected on the opposite side to the light source 20 by a light sensor 21, interrogated by an evaluation unit 26 and passed on via conductor 24. The sensor is encapsulated by means of a housing 25 shown in dashed lines.
Bezugszeichenreference numeral
Messvorrichtung 16 MessvorrichtungMeasuring device 16 Measuring device
Lichtquelle 17 LagerungLight source 17 storage
Lichtsensor 18 StützeLight sensor 18 support
Lichtdurchlass 18a StützringLight passage 18a support ring
Lagerung 19 Lichtdurchlass a Rotationsachse 20 LichtquelleStorage 19 Light transmission a rotation axis 20 light source
Stütze 21 Lichtsensor a Stϋtzring 22 WellenstumpfSupport 21 Light sensor a Support ring 22 Stub shaft
Platine 23 LichtBoard 23 light
Baustein 24 LeiterModule 24 conductors
Anschlusselement 25 Gehäuse 0 Einheit 26 Auswerteeinheit 1 Kammer 27 Anteil 2 Kammer 3 Steg 4 Deckel 5 Reflektor Connection element 25 Housing 0 Unit 26 Evaluation unit 1 Chamber 27 Share 2 Chamber 3 Bridge 4 Cover 5 Reflector

Claims

FAG Kugelfischer AG & Co. oHG Georg-Schäfer-Str. 30, 97421 SchweinfurtPatentansprüche FAG Kugelfischer AG & Co. oHG Georg-Schäfer-Str. 30, 97421 SchweinfurtPatentansprüche
1. Messvorrichtung (1 , 16) zum Erfassen von Belastungen einer Lage¬ rung (5, 17) wobei die Belastungen anhand von elastischen Form¬ änderungen messbar sind, die Messvorrichtung (1 , 16) mit dem Licht wenigstens einer auf zumindest einen Lichtdurchlass (4, 19) gerichteten Lichtquelle (2, 20) und mit wenigstens einem Lichtsen- sor (3, 21 ), wobei wenigstens ein den Lichtdurchlass (4, 19) passie¬ render und auf den Lichtsensor (3, 21 ) treffender Anteil des Lichtes (23) mittels der elastisch Formänderungen des Lichtdurchlasses (4, 19) größenveränderlich ist und wobei der Lichtdurchlass (4, 19) von der Lagerung (5, 17) räumlich getrennt in einer zumindest teilweise elastisch nachgiebigen sowie mit der Lagerung (5, 17) gekoppelten1. Measuring device (1, 16) for detecting loads on a bearing (5, 17) wherein the loads can be measured on the basis of elastic changes in shape, the measuring device (1, 16) with the light of at least one on at least one light passage ( 4, 19) and with at least one light sensor (3, 21), at least one portion of the light passing through the light passage (4, 19) and striking the light sensor (3, 21) (23) by means of the elastic shape changes of the light passage (4, 19) is variable in size and wherein the light passage (4, 19) of the storage (5, 17) spatially separated in an at least partially elastically yielding and with the storage (5, 17) coupled
Stütze (6, 18) ausgebildet ist und dabei zumindest durch die Belas¬ tungen auf die Lagerung (5, 17) elastisch verformbar ist.Support (6, 18) is formed and thereby at least by the Belas¬ obligations on the bearing (5, 17) is elastically deformable.
2. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , an der die Lagerung (5, 17) ge- gen die Belastungen zumindest an dem Teil der Stütze (6, 18) ab¬ gestützt ist, an dem der Lichtdurchlass (4, 19) ausgebildet ist.2. Measuring device according to claim 1, on which the bearing (5, 17) against the loads ab¬ supported at least on the part of the support (6, 18) on which the light passage (4, 19) is formed.
3. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei der die Stütze (6, 18) mit dem Lichtdurchlass (4, 19) ein Stützring (6a, 18a) für das Lager (5, 17) und das Lager (5, 17) wenigstens ein Rotativlager ist.3. Measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the support (6, 18) with the light passage (4, 19) a support ring (6a, 18a) for the bearing (5, 17) and the bearing (5, 17) at least one Rotativlager is.
4. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der die Lagerung (5, 17) in dem Stützring (6a, 18a) aufgenommen ist.4. Measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the storage (5, 17) in the support ring (6a, 18a) is received.
5. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, die in den Stützring (6a) integ¬ riert ist.5. Measuring device according to claim 3, which is in the support ring (6a) integ¬ riert.
6. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, mit einer in den Stützring (6a) steckbaren Einheit (10) zumindest aus der Lichtquelle (2) und dem Lichtsensor (3).6. Measuring device according to claim 5, with a in the support ring (6a) pluggable unit (10) at least from the light source (2) and the light sensor (3).
7. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, mit einer in den Stützring (6a) steckbaren Einheit aus zumindest einer Trägerplatine (7) für die Lichtquelle (2), aus dem Lichtsensor (3) sowie aus Verbindungs- sowie Anschlusselementen (9).7. Measuring device according to claim 5, with a in the support ring (6a) pluggable unit of at least one carrier board (7) for the light source (2), from the light sensor (3) and from connecting and connecting elements (9).
8. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der der Stützring (6a, 18a) aus Kunststoff ist und an der Lagerung (5, 17) fest ist.8. Measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the support ring (6a, 18a) is made of plastic and on the bearing (5, 17) is fixed.
9. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, mit wenigstens einem sich radi¬ al von der Lagerung (5) radial erstreckenden Steg (13) an dem Stützring (6a), wobei der Steg (13) wenigstens einen der Licht¬ durchlässe (4) aufweist.9. Measuring device according to claim 3, having at least one radi¬ al of the bearing (5) radially extending web (13) on the support ring (6a), wherein the web (13) has at least one of the Licht¬ passages (4).
10. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, in der sich die Lichtquelle (20) und wenigstens einer der Lichtsensoren (21) durch den Stützring (18a) voneinander getrennt so gegenüberliegen, dass zumindest ein Teil des Lichtes (23) durch den Lichtdurchlass (19) hindurch auf den Lichtsensor (21) gerichtet ist.10. Measuring device according to claim 9, in which the light source (20) and at least one of the light sensors (21) through the support ring (18a) separated from each other so that at least a portion of the light (23) through the light passage (19) therethrough directed to the light sensor (21).
11. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, in der die Lichtquelle (2) und wenigstens einer der Lichtsensoren (3) einem Reflektor (15) so ge¬ genüberliegen, dass das Licht von dem Reflektor (15) zumindest anteilig auf den Lichtsensor (3) reflektierbar ist. 11. Measuring device according to claim 8, in which the light source (2) and at least one of the light sensors (3) lie opposite a reflector (15) so that the light from the reflector (15) can be reflected at least partially on the light sensor (3) is.
EP05774373A 2004-09-10 2005-08-12 Measuring device for detecting stresses of a bearing arrangement Withdrawn EP1787099A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004043754A DE102004043754B3 (en) 2004-09-10 2004-09-10 Measuring device for detecting loads on a bearing
PCT/DE2005/001425 WO2006026948A1 (en) 2004-09-10 2005-08-12 Measuring device for detecting stresses of a bearing arrangement

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EP1787099A1 true EP1787099A1 (en) 2007-05-23

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EP (1) EP1787099A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2008512690A (en)
DE (1) DE102004043754B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2006026948A1 (en)

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US7526967B2 (en) 2009-05-05
DE102004043754B3 (en) 2006-04-20
WO2006026948A1 (en) 2006-03-16
JP2008512690A (en) 2008-04-24

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