EP1781746A2 - Bindemittel und mit barriere-eigenschaften enthaltend nanopartikel - Google Patents
Bindemittel und mit barriere-eigenschaften enthaltend nanopartikelInfo
- Publication number
- EP1781746A2 EP1781746A2 EP05761663A EP05761663A EP1781746A2 EP 1781746 A2 EP1781746 A2 EP 1781746A2 EP 05761663 A EP05761663 A EP 05761663A EP 05761663 A EP05761663 A EP 05761663A EP 1781746 A2 EP1781746 A2 EP 1781746A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- meth
- group
- component
- acrylate
- binder according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J201/00—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C09J201/02—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C09J201/06—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing oxygen atoms
- C09J201/08—Carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C09D201/02—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C09D201/06—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing oxygen atoms
- C09D201/08—Carboxyl groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J201/00—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- the invention relates to binders having barrier properties, to their use for bonding, coating and sealing, to a process for producing composite materials using the binders of the invention having barrier properties and to the use of these composite materials for packaging.
- multilayer systems with separate barrier layers are constructed by combining polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and / or aluminum films with polyethylene films, polyester films, and / or polyvinyl chloride films.
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- EVOH ethylene vinyl alcohol
- aluminum films with polyethylene films, polyester films, and / or polyvinyl chloride films.
- These multilayer systems can be constructed either by coextrusion or by bonding separately prepared films.
- packaging films e.g. based on polyethylene terephthalate or biaxially oriented polypropylene, coated with an aluminum and / or silicon oxide layer (in vacuo).
- Another known method uses the surface refinement of the flexible packaging films by coating the films with solvent or water-based polyvinylidene chloride solutions or dispersions. Coating agents and adhesives based on PVDC or EVOH often have insufficient adhesive strength on polyolefin films. Composites of polyolefin films with such adhesives can already be separated by hand. If necessary, a primer must therefore be applied in an upstream process step in order to effect a good adhesion of the surface coating or of the adhesive to the substrate film.
- EP 0906944 A2 discloses solvent-free polyurethane adhesives which have barrier properties to oxygen and moisture. These polyurethane adhesives are obtainable by reacting a linear diol with a linear polyester to form a crystalline hydroxyl-terminated polyester which is reacted with a liquid diisocyanate at an NCO / OH ratio of between about 1 and about 1.1. The polyurethane adhesives thus obtained are used as laminating adhesives.
- the disadvantage is that these types of coating agents often do not have the desired flexibility. Another disadvantage is that long reaction times are required to achieve high barrier properties.
- WO 02/26908 describes laminating adhesive compositions based on polymeric binders, in particular based on one- or two-component polyurethane adhesives, which contain fillers with platelet-like crystallite structure with aspect ratios> 100 in the binder matrix.
- the fillers are for example dispersed in the hydroxyl-containing component of the 2-component adhesive.
- the laminating adhesives show a significant reduction in the oxygen transmission rate. For some applications, however, the pot life may be too short.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the processing and use properties of binders having barrier properties.
- a further object of the invention was the provision of binders with barrier properties, in particular with respect to CO 2 , O 2 , N 2 , water vapor and flavorings, at low temperatures, ie at 20 0 C to 100 0 C, preferably 25 to 80 ° C, particularly preferably 3O 0 C to 6O 0 C, are applicable and have a good initial adhesion.
- the binders should be particularly suitable as laminating adhesives for food packaging. 06835
- the binder When using the binder as a sealant or filler shrinkage during the curing process should be as low as possible. When used for example for coating or as an adhesive, adhesion to surfaces which are difficult to wet is to be improved.
- Another object is the provision of adhesives, sealants and fillers that can be processed quickly.
- A) at least one in the range of 18 ° C to 100 0 C, preferably 2O 0 C to 80 0 C, flowable compound having at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group as component (A);
- component (B) at least one compound having at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group and at least one COOH group as component (B);
- the binder according to the invention has barrier properties to CO 2 , O 2 , N 2 , water vapor and aroma substances.
- the preferred use as a sealant or adhesive reduces the number of production steps involved in making composite materials having barrier properties since the usual additional coatings with polyvinylidene chloride and / or ethylene vinyl alcohol layers or vapor deposition with aluminum layers are no longer required. Due to the absence of a metal layer, the composite materials are more sorted and thus easier to dispose of. In particular, the absence of a metal layer makes it possible to produce transparent film composites with barrier properties.
- the binders of the invention have at 60 ° C a viscosity of 50mPa.s to 52,000 mPa.s (measured by Brookfield, digital viscometer RVT DV-II 1 spindle 27) and are therefore at low temperatures, ie in a range of 40 0th C to 120 0 C 1 easy to apply and quickly have a good initial adhesion.
- Temperature-sensitive substrates for example polyolefin films, can thus be reliably bonded without damaging the substrate.
- the binder according to the invention is radiation-curable and is used in a preferred embodiment as dual your system.
- the binders should then be anhydrous. Dual your systems are characterized by the fact that they are both radiation-curable and curable by a second, independent curing mechanism.
- the binders according to the invention can preferably be used as 1-component (I K) systems, so that the provision of additional components, in particular hardeners, can be dispensed with.
- the adhesives, sealants and fillers which comprise the binder according to the invention have little to no migration-capable constituents. This eliminates the usual waiting times until complete curing after application of the adhesive, sealant or filler.
- binders are to be understood as meaning substances which can join the same or different substrates or can themselves adhere firmly to them.
- curing refers to polyreactions as they may occur within individual components of the composition considered in each case in connection with the term.
- the polyreaction can be a free radical, anionic or cationic polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition, in which a reactive functional group can react with a suitable further functional group to increase the molecular weight of the molecule carrying it.
- crosslinking reactions also take place at the same time.
- radiation-curable in the context of the present invention means the initiation of a polyreaction under the influence of radiation. Radiation is to be understood here as meaning any type of radiation which causes irreversible crosslinking in the crosslinkable binder layer to be irradiated. Particularly suitable are UV, electron beams, visible light, but also IR radiation.
- an irradiation-curable reactive functional group is a group having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- molecular weight data relating to polymeric compounds are based on the number-average molecular weight (M n ). Unless indicated otherwise, all molecular weight data refer to values obtainable by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- Component (A) used are monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric compounds, provided that they have at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group.
- component (A) in the range of 18 ° C to 100 0 C, preferably 2O 0 C to 80 0 C, flowable.
- Such compounds which can be used as component (A) are selected from the group: polyacrylic and / or polymethacrylic acid alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl esters, methacrylic acid and / or acrylic acid homopolymers and / or copolymers, unsaturated polyesters, Polyethers, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyurethanes, polyolefins, vinyl polymers or rubber polymers such as nitrile or styrene / butadiene rubber.
- component (A) usable compounds are, for example, in CG. Roffey in "Photogeneration of Reactive Species for UV Curing", John Wiley & Sons, 1997, at pages 182 (vinyl derivatives), 482-485 (unsaturated polyesters), 487-502 (polyester, polyether, epoxy, Polyurethane and melamine acrylates), 504-508 (radiation-crosslinkable organopolysiloxane polymers) and R. Holmann and P.
- Polyacrylates 39-41 (polyether acrylates), 41 (vinyl polymers), 42-43 (unsaturated polyesters).
- component (A) is compounds from the group: (meth) acrylic acid homopolymers and / or copolymers, polyester (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates or polyurethane (meth) acrylates.
- (meth) acrylate is intended here to mean a shortened notation for "acrylate and / or meth acrylate”.
- Comonomers of (meth) acrylic acid containing as comonomer styrene, methylstyrene and / or other alkylstyrenes and / or alpha-olefins are preferred.
- Particularly suitable components (A) are di- and / or higher-functional acrylate or methacrylate esters.
- Such acrylate or methacrylate esters preferably comprise esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyols or acrylate esters of polyether alcohols.
- Suitable compounds are in CG. Roffey "Photogeneration of Reactive Species for UV Curing" at pages 537-560, and R. Holman and P. Oldring "U.V. and E.B. Curing Formulation for Printing Inks, Coatings and Paints" at pages 52-59.
- Compounds which are particularly preferred as component (A) include (meth) acrylate esters of aliphatic polyols having from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.
- Such compounds are preferably selected from the group: neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylate esters of sorbitol and other sugar alcohols.
- the (meth) acrylate esters of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols can be modified with an aliphatic ester or an alkylene oxide.
- the aliphatic ester-modified acrylates include, for example, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate di (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate di (meth) acrylates, and the like.
- the alkylene oxide-modified acrylate compounds include, for example, ethylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates,
- Acrylate monomers based on polyether polyols include, for example, neopentyl glycol-modified (meth) acrylates, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylates, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, and the like.
- Tri- and higher-functional acrylate monomers include, for example, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri- and tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, tris [(meth) acryloxyethyl] isocyanurate, caprolactone-modified tris [(meth) acryloxyethyl] isocyanurates or trimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate or mixtures of two or more thereof.
- di-, tri- or higher-functional acrylate monomers which can be used according to the invention as component (A) are di-, tri- and tetrapropylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol propoxylate di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane monethoxytri (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate preferred.
- (Meth) acrylate esters based on urethane-containing polyols can be prepared by reacting a polyol with a di- or higher-functional isocyanate to form OH-terminated polyurethane prepolymers, which are esterified with (meth) acrylic acid to give the corresponding diesters.
- R 7 straight-chain or branched alkylene group of C 2 to C 10 -o;
- R 8 straight-chain or branched alkylene group of C 1 to C 5 ;
- n 1 to 25. 5 006835
- Preferred compounds of the general formula (I) are methoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxymethyl methacrylate, methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, butyldiethylene glycol methacrylate, ethoxylated nonylphenol acrylate, ethoxylated lauryl alcohol methacrylate, alkoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol monoacrylate.
- Component (A) is more preferably selected from the group: hydrofunctional ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl / decyl acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, modified aromatic or aliphatic epoxy acrylates, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth ) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate di (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified neopentyl glycol hydroxy-pivalate di (meth) acrylates, ethylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates, propylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates,
- the molar mass of the compound (A) is in the range of 100 to 15,000 g / mol, preferably 100 to 10,000 g / mol and more preferably 100 to 8,000 g / mol.
- the compound (A) is involved in the radiation-curable binder according to the invention.
- Barrier properties account for from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 5 to 45% by weight.
- Acrylated carboxylic acid-terminated polyesters, carboxylic acid-modified polybutadienes and acid-modified (meth) acrylates based on polyether polyols are preferably used as component (B).
- the latter are obtainable by reacting polyether polyols, such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, with aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid or phthalic acid, and (meth) acrylic acid.
- components (B) used are products which are disclosed in WO 01/16244 A1 and whose entire content is expressly included in the present patent application.
- the molar mass of the compound (B) is in the range of 100 to 15,000 g / mol, preferably 100 to 10,000 g / mol, and more preferably 100 to 8,000 g / mol.
- the compound (B) is involved in the radiation-curable binder according to the invention.
- Barrier properties account for from 5 to 70% by weight, preferably from 10 to 60% by weight.
- % particularly preferably 20 to 40 wt .-%.
- the binder according to the invention contains a nanoscale filler which is preferably selected from the group: oxides, nitrides, halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the transition elements, the lanthanides and / or from Group of polyorganosiloxanes.
- Nanoscale fillers are also referred to as nanodisperse fillers or "nanoparticles", since the smallest particles forming a rigid unit in the dispersion have an expansion of not more than 1000 nanometers in the number-weighted average of all particles in at least one direction that can be chosen for each particle (nm), preferably not more than 500 nm, and more preferably not more than 100 nm. 5 006835
- the nanoparticles have, for example, a spherical, rod-like, platelet-like structure or represent mixtures of different structures.
- the nanoparticles contained in the nanoscale filler preferably have in the number-weighted average sizes in the range of 1 to 40 nm, more preferably between 3 and 30 nm.
- the particle size is preferably determined by the UPA method (Ultrafine Particle Analyzer), for example according to the laser scattered light method ("Laser Light Back Scattering").
- UPA method Ultrafluine Particle Analyzer
- Laser scattered light method (“Laser Light Back Scattering"
- they can usually be surface-modified or surface-coated.
- nanoscale fillers are used whose smallest in the dispersion, a rigid unit-forming constituents in two mutually perpendicular, arbitrary directions each have an extension of at least ten times the size of the components in the direction with the smallest extension of the component exhibit.
- the thickness of these particles is preferably less than 10 nm.
- the nanoscale filler is selected from the group: oxides, nitrides, halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the transition elements or the lanthanides, in particular oxides, hydroxides, Nitrides, halides, carbides or mixed oxide / hydroxide / halide compounds of aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, iron or the (alkaline) alkali metals. These are essentially clays, for example aluminas, boehmite, bayerite, gibbsite, diaspore and the like.
- Cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium selenide and the like ⁇ . Suitable as nanoscale packing.
- Measurement contains a particle size distribution curve in which the
- volume fraction of particles of appropriate size is plotted over the particle diameter.
- the mean particle size in the sense of the invention is defined as the peak of such a SANS distribution curve, that is to say the largest volume fraction with particles of corresponding diameter.
- the average particle size is preferably between 6 and 40 nm, more preferably between 8 and 30 nm, particularly preferably between 10 and 25 nm
- Silica particles are preferably substantially spherical.
- the proportion of the nanoscale filler used as component (C) in the binder of the invention is 5 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, preferably
- the nanoscale filler is dispersed in a flowable phase, wherein the flowable phase is polymerizable
- the flowable phase can consist of a mixture of components (A), (B) and (D), preferably the flowable phase is formed from component (A). Particularly preferred is the as
- Dispersant used flowable phase anhydrous, so it contains only small traces of water.
- Dispersions of components (A) and (C) are available from Hanse Chemie under the tradename Nanocryl®. Applicable products are preferably Nanocryl® XP21 / 0746, XP21 / 0768, XP 21/0396, XP 21/1045 or XP 21/1515.
- Binder at least one silicon-organic compound as component (D).
- Compounds as component (D1) at least one three-dimensionally crosslinkable polyorganosiloxane, which after crosslinking a middle
- component (D) as component (D2) is a reaction product, preferably an esterification or transesterification product
- Y epoxide, -OH, -COOH, -SH 1 -NH 2 , NHR "group;
- R " linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C 8 -alkyl; C 5 -
- Siloxane residue having from about 1 to about 20 Si atoms;
- A a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene group with
- Alkyl radical preferably a methyl, ethyl-propyl or iso-propyl radical
- R 6 R 5 , preferably a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical; or a
- Examples of compounds of the formula (II) are H 2 N-CH 2 -Si (O-CH 2 -CHs) 3 , HO-CH 2 -Si (OCHs) 3 , HO- (CH 2 ) 3 -O-CH 2 -Si (O-CH 3) 3, HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -O- CH 2 -Si (OCH) 3, (HO-C 2 H 4) 2 N-CH 2 -Si (O-CH 3) 3 , HO- (C 2 H 4 -O) 3 -C 2 H 4 -N (CH 3) -CH 2 -Si (O-CHs) 3 , H 2 N-CH 2 -C 6 H 4 -CH 2 - NH-CH 2 -Si (O-CH 3 ) S, HS-CH 2 -Si (O-CHs) 3 , H 2 N- (CHz) 3 -NH-CH 2 -Si (OCHs) 3 , H 2 N
- silane (s) of the general formula (II) preference is given to 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxyphenylsilane and 3-aminopropyldiethoxyethylsilane, in particular 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) amine , or mixtures thereof, used.
- silanes (e) are offered by Dynamit Nobel under the name DYNASYLAN®.
- alkoxysilane derivatives having two or three alkoxy radicals and one or two alkyl radicals to which functional groups may additionally be bonded, for example amino, mercapto, methacryloxy or a nitrile group or a halogen radical such as chlorine.
- component (D2) is 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and / or allyltriethoxysilane.
- Component (D2) can be used alone or in admixture with component (D1).
- component (D) as component (D3) is a urethane group-containing silane having an isocyanate content ⁇ 1% by weight of NCO, preferably ⁇ 0.5% by weight of NCO and particularly preferably 0.1% by weight of NCO
- Component (D3) can be used alone or in mixture with component (D1) and / or component (D2).
- Such urethane group-containing silanes are obtainable by reacting polyisocyanates (c) with silanes (e) of the general formula (II).
- Component (D1), (D2) and / or (D3) are at 0.3 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.4 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% and particularly preferably to 0, 5% by weight.
- component (D) From the group of silicon-organic compounds which can be used as component (D), urethane group-containing silanes with at least one radiation-curable reactive group are used as component (D4) in a particularly preferred embodiment.
- Component (D4) is prepared by containing at least one polyisocyanate (c) with at least one compound (d) which contains both at least one NCO-reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group and at least one Silane (e) of the formula (II) is implemented.
- Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
- unsymmetrical diisocyanates and / or polyurethane prepolymers with free NGO groups are preferably selected from the group of polyisocyanates (c).
- Unsymmetrical diisocyanates have isocyanate groups in the molecule which differ in their reactivity.
- Preferred unsymmetrical diisocyanates are 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), the isomers of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-isocyanatomethyl-3-isocyanato-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (IPDI).
- MDI 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- IPDI 1-isocyanatomethyl-3-isocyanato-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane
- a low-monomer polyurethane prepolymer is preferably used as the polyisocyanate (c), whereby in the context of the present invention a low concentration of the monomeric, in particular aromatic, diisocyanates in the PU prepolymer with free NCO groups is to be understood as "low in monomer”.
- concentration of these so-called “residual monomers” is below one, preferably between 0 and 0.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0 and 0.2 wt .-%, based on the composition of the PU prepolymer having free NCO groups.
- Low-monomer PU prepolymers with free NCO groups are known, for example, from DE 4136490, WO 01/40342 and WO-97/46603 and expressly the subject of this invention.
- the functional group reactive with an NCO group is a group having an active hydrogen atom which can be determined by the Zerewittinoff test and bonded to an N, O or S atom.
- These include, in particular, the hydrogen atoms of water, carboxy, amino, imino, hydroxy, and thiol groups.
- Y an NCO-reactive group, preferably OH, COOH 1 SH, NH 2 , NHR 3 ;
- R 1 H 1 CH 3 ;
- R saturated or unsaturated linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 21 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with functional groups, for example with a phenoxy or acetoxy group; preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular an ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, isobutylene group, or a C 2 -C 4 -alkylene oxide group, preferably an ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide group, in particular preferably an ethylene oxide group having 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and / or a propylene oxide group having 1 to 7 propylene oxide units;
- R 3 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C -alkyl radical; C 5 - Cs cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, C 7 -C 2 -aralkyl.
- Hydroxy (meth) acrylates are preferably used as (meth) acrylates of the general formula (III), for example: 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate , 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polypropylene glycol acrylate and polypropylene glycol methacrylate, glycerol mono (meth) acrylate, 1,3-glycerol di (meth) acrylate, 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl
- (meth) acrylate 3-toluenyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-acetoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3 - [(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl) oxy ] propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate.
- the hydroxy acrylates or methacrylates are used individually or in a mixture.
- the amounts of the polyisocyanate (c) and (meth) acrylate of the general formula (III) can be selected in a wide range.
- the ratio of the NCO group of the polyisocyanate (c) to the NCO group-reactive group Y of the (meth) acrylate of the general formula (III) can be between 0.6: 1 to 20: 1.
- the ratio NCO: Y is preferably 1, 2: 1 to 10: 1.
- the molar mass of the reaction product of polyisocyanate (c) with compound (d), which contains both at least one NCO-reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group is between 100 g / mol and 10,000 g / mol , preferably between 110 g / mol and 6000 g / mol and more preferably between 120 g / mol and 4000 g / mol.
- the NCO value of the reaction product of polyisocyanate (c) with compound (d), which contains at least one with NCO Groups containing reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group is between 2 wt .-% and 30 wt .-%, preferably between 5 wt .-% and 25 wt .-% (determined according to Spiegelberger).
- component (D4) it is possible to use both mixtures of polyisocyanates (c) and / or mixtures of silane (s).
- the reaction of the polyisocyanate component (c) with the silane (e) is carried out in a molar NCO / Y ratio of 1: 0.01 to 1, preferably 1: 0.05 to 0.7 and particularly preferably 1: 0, 1 to 0.4.
- the reaction product of the polyisocyanate component (c) and the silane (e) has an NCO value of 1-30%, preferably 10-28%, particularly preferably 15-25%, determined according to Spiegelberger and has a molar mass of 100 g / mol to 1000 g / mol. Processes for the preparation of such reaction products and the reaction products themselves are disclosed in DE-A1-10162642.
- the at least one polyisocyanate (c) which contains at least one compound (d) which contains both at least one functional group reactive with NGO groups and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group and at least one Silane (s) in a so-called “one-pot reaction” reacted with each other.
- the reaction can also be carried out in stages, that is, in a first stage, (c) is reacted with (d) or (e) and in a second stage, (e) or (d) with the corresponding reaction product from the first stage on implemented.
- component (D4) has a content of free monomeric polyisocyanate of ⁇ 0.05% by weight, based on the total weight of component (D4).
- component D In order to mix component D stably with the binder according to the invention, it should not contain any groups reactive with the other constituents under storage conditions. In particular, it should be free from isocyanate groups.
- the functional group - Si (T) 3. n according to formula (II) of the silicon-organic compound used as component (D3) and (D4) serves to build up an inorganic network of Si-O-Si units.
- adhesive component (D3) and (D4) is preferably sensitive to hydrolysis, that is, in the presence of water or humidity, the Si-T bond with release of corresponding cleavage products and simultaneous crosslinking decomposes.
- group T in formula (II) arise in the running as a polycondensation reaction crosslinking as cleavage products, for example, amines, acid amides, oximes or alcohols.
- the course of Si-O-Si network formation can be z. B. by Karl Fischer titration (determination of water consumption in the hydrolysis) are examined.
- Component (C) is preferably capable of network formation, in particular Si-O-Si network formation by polycondensation is preferred.
- the group R 9 which may be the same or different, is selected from halogen, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl and hydroxyl. Since many metal compounds having the formal oxidation state 3 or 4 may also be present as complexes with a multiplicity of ligands, the binder may instead or in addition, however, also contain compounds in which part or all of the groups R 9 of the formula (IV) are replaced by one or more ligands L which are more strongly bonded to the metal M than the group R 9 . Compounds of this type are described, for example, in DE 10044216 A1 (page 4, lines 1 to 31). 5 006835
- Suitable metal compounds are also known as "coupling agents" and are one or more metal centers such as Si, Ti, Zr or Al bonded to functional organic groups.
- component (E) tetrabutyl titanate, tin (II) octanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tetraethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.
- component (IV) which can be used as component (E) are described in EP 1342742 A1 on page 5, lines 28 to 52, and are included in the subject matter of the present invention.
- titanates from the company Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc. Available under the name "KR” or “LICA” substances. Similar to the silanes mentioned above, these reagents are compounds with alkoxy radicals and optionally additionally substituted by functional groups radicals which are bonded to the metal center via oxygen.
- the functional groups are, for example, amino, mercapto or hydroxyl groups.
- Suitable zirconate compounds are, for example, the compounds obtainable as "KZ” or “LZ” reagents from Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc., where appropriate with amino or mercapto groups.
- Component (E) is used in the binder according to the invention to 0 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 wt .-% to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the components used.
- the reaction takes place in particular under the action of water, d. H.
- moisture can penetrate into the adhesive and then ensure chemical crosslinking between the components C and D and, if necessary, E.
- the triggering of the poly-reaction of the radiation-curable groups can be effected by UV, electron beams, visible light, but also IR radiation.
- the desired product properties are set via the radiation dose, with IR radiation via the product temperature and the residence time.
- the course of the photochemical curing can IR 005/006835
- irradiation with UV light or with electron beams is preferred.
- the binder composition contains at least one photoinitiator (F).
- a photoinitiator (F) is used, which upon irradiation with light of a wavelength of about 215 to about 480 nm is capable of initiating a free-radical polymerization of olefinically unsaturated double bonds.
- all customary photoinitiators which are compatible with the binder according to the invention are suitable for use as photoinitiator (F). H. at least largely homogeneous mixtures result.
- Norrish-Type I fragmenting substances are all Norrish-Type I fragmenting substances.
- examples include benzophenone, camphorquinone, Quantacure (manufacturer: International Bio-Synthetics), Kayacure MBP (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku), Esacure BO (manufactured by Fratelli Lamberti), Trigonal 14 (manufacturer: Akzo), photoinitiators of the Irgacure ® - or Darocur ® - series (Ciba), for example, Darocur ® 1173, and / or Fi-4 (Herstel ⁇ ler: Eastman).
- phosphine oxide compounds (Lucirin TPO, manufacturer: BASF AG), which can also be used in admixture with one or more of the above-mentioned photoinitiators.
- the binder of the invention having barrier properties contains the photoinitiator (F) in an amount of 0 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount the binder composition.
- the binder according to the invention may contain additives (G) which account for up to about 50% by weight of the total binder.
- G additives
- additives (G) which can be used in the context of the present invention include, for example, plasticizers, catalysts, stabilizers, dispersants, antioxidants, dyes, fillers and agents for influencing the flowability of the dispersion of component (C) in component (A), (B) or (D) or in a mixture of these components.
- the binder according to the invention having barrier properties preferably contains
- component (A) 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably up to 60 wt .-%, in particular up to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 30 wt .-% at least one in the range of 18 ° C to 100 0 C, preferably 20 0 C to 80 0 C, flowable compound having at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group as component (A);
- component (B) 1 to 70 wt .-%, preferably about 5 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 60 wt .-%, more preferably 30 to 40 wt .-% of at least one compound having at least one curable by irradiation reactive functional group and at least a COOH group as component (B);
- nanoscale filler as component (C) 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 30 to 40 wt .-%, at least one nanoscale filler as component (C), which is preferably selected from the group: oxides, nitrides , Halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the transition elements, the lanthanides and / or from the group of polyorganosiloxanes.
- C nanoscale filler as component (C) 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 30 to 40 wt .-%, at least one nanoscale filler as component (C), which is preferably selected from the group: oxides, nitrides , Halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the transition elements, the lanthanides and / or from the
- V 0 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 5 wt .-% of a metal compound of the formula (IV)
- R 9 halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarboxyl group, where the radical R may be identical or different, as component (E), EP2005 / 006835
- VI O to 15 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 5 wt .-% of a photoinitiator as component (F),
- component (G) 1 selected from the group of plasticizers, catalysts, stabilizers, dispersants, antioxidants, dyes, fillers, and agents for influencing the flowability of the dispersion of component (C) in component ( A), (B) or (D) or in a mixture of these components, wherein the sum of said components gives 100 wt .-%.
- the binder contains barrier properties
- component (D4) 10 to 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 40 wt .-%, of the organosilicon compound as component (D4), wherein component (D4) is obtainable by reacting
- a hydroxyacrylate selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate,
- R " a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-Ci ⁇ alkyl; C 5 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 0 aryl, C7-Ci2 aralkyl; oxyalkylene radical having up to 4 carbon Atoms, preferably - (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) m -H and / or (CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -O) m -H; A-Si ((Z) n ) (X) 3 -n ; alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl substituted siloxane group having from about 1 to about 20 Si atoms; 06835
- A a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene group having 1 to 12 C atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 C atoms
- Z C 1 -C 8 -alkyl group, preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group;
- R 5 a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C 18 -alkyl radical, preferably a methyl, ethyl-propyl or iso-propyl radical;
- the monomer-poor polyurethane prepolymer of step (i) contains less than 0.5% by weight, preferably less than 0.3 and especially preferably less than 0.1% by weight, of free monomeric polyisocyanate of the group IPDI, MDI or TDI, based on the total amount of PU prepolymer.
- the isocyanate groups present should react during the reaction of the components i, ii, iii to D4.
- the components (D1), (D2) and / or (D3) to 0.3 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.4 wt .-% to 15 wt. % and in particular preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total composition of components (I) to
- the radiation-curable binder according to the invention with barrier properties can, depending on the required field of application, still up to 60 wt .-% of inert
- Solvents usable in particular esters, ketones, halogenated
- Hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- solvents examples include methylene chloride, trichlorethylene, toluene, xylene,
- the preparation of the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties can be carried out by customary techniques known to the person skilled in the art in the context of the preparation of polymeric mixtures.
- the curing of the binder leads to block-resistant, ie non-adhesive and in particular scratch-resistant coatings, fillers or sealants with flexible. Properties or surface-adhesive adhesives.
- the radiation-curable binders according to the invention having barrier properties can therefore be used as coating agents, fillers, sealants or adhesives and are characterized as adhesive seals or fillers with barrier properties to CO 2 , O 2 , N 2 , gas mixtures, for example from CO 2 and N 2 , water vapor and flavors.
- the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties can be used for filling, sealing, coating and bonding a wide variety of materials.
- the materials include, for example, wood, metal, glass, vegetable fibers, stone, paper, cellulose hydrate, plastics such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, copolymers of vinyl acetate olefins, polyamides, or metal foils, for example Aluminum, lead or copper.
- the radiation curable binder of the present invention having barrier properties can be applied to the substrate by any suitable method, for example, spraying, knife coating, 3-4 roll applicators in the case of using a solventless binder, or 2 roll coaters in the case of using a solventborne binder.
- the radiation-curable binder according to the invention with barrier properties is suitable for coating substrates of glass, metal, plastic, paper, ceramic, etc. by dipping, pouring, brushing, spraying, electrostatic spraying, electrodeposition coating, etc.
- the binders are in particular for the coating optical, Optoelectrical or electronic article suitable and for coating containers for fuels and heating fuels.
- adhesives having barrier properties are provided, which are preferably suitable for the production of film composites.
- the binder is particularly suitable for flexible film composites, which are used in food packaging.
- Another object of the present invention is therefore also a process for the production of film composites of at least two identical or different plastic films, which are obtainable by the partial or full surface bonding of films, using the radiation-curable binder according to the invention with barrier properties.
- the order of the binder on the films to be bonded can be done with commonly used for such purposes machines, for example, with conventional laminating. Particularly suitable is the application of the binder in the liquid state to a film to be bonded to a laminate, for example a film made of plastic or metal.
- the viscosity of the binder is selected to have a viscosity of about 500 mPas, in particular 1,000 mPas to about 5,000 mPas (measured with Brookfield Digital Viscometer RVT DV-II, spindle 27) at typical processing temperatures.
- Temperatures typical Swiss-St al. are, for example, about 25 ° C to about 75 0 C in the manufacture of flexible packaging films (flexible packaging), about 70 to about 90 ° C in the lamination of glossy films and about 80 to about 130 ° C for applications in the textile industry.
- the coated with the inventive solvent-containing radiation-curable binder with barrier properties film is first in the drying channel at 40 bis 120 0 C dried, then with at least one further film, optionally under pressure, laminated and then irradiated.
- Binder eliminates the drying step.
- the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties is obtained by the irradiation and the crosslinking reaction associated therewith
- the binder used according to the invention contains at least one photoinitiator as component (F).
- the described method can be repeated several times, so that
- Foil composites can be made, which consist of more than two bonded
- the process according to the invention can be carried out under a protective gas atmosphere, ie in
- Another object of the invention is a composite film prepared by the process according to the invention using the binder according to the invention.
- the composite film is particularly suitable as a barrier film for packaging food.
- barrier films are used when the oxygen permeability Q (O 2 ) ⁇ 100 cm 3 / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ bar) and the water vapor permeability Q (H 2 O) ⁇ 10 g / (m 2 ⁇ day) ) at 23 0 C and 85% rel.
- Moisture is (Delventhal,maschines-Rundschau 3/1991, page 19-23).
- the adhesive is applied to an Oa film at about 80 ° C.
- the coating weight of the adhesive was 2 g / m 2 in each case.
- a second film is laminated.
- the oxygen permeability with the adhesive according to the invention is improved.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410038274 DE102004038274A1 (de) | 2004-08-06 | 2004-08-06 | Bindemittel mit Barriere-Eigenschaften II |
PCT/EP2005/006835 WO2006015659A2 (de) | 2004-08-06 | 2005-06-24 | Bindemittel und mit barriere-eigenschaften enthaltend nanopartikel |
Publications (1)
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EP1781746A2 true EP1781746A2 (de) | 2007-05-09 |
Family
ID=35530846
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EP05761663A Withdrawn EP1781746A2 (de) | 2004-08-06 | 2005-06-24 | Bindemittel und mit barriere-eigenschaften enthaltend nanopartikel |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20070178263A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1781746A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008509235A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20070044002A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101014673A (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0514140A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004038274A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006015659A2 (de) |
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DE102008047362A1 (de) | 2008-09-15 | 2010-04-15 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Zusammensetzung zur Hautaufhellung |
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DE102008057524A1 (de) * | 2008-11-15 | 2010-05-20 | Basf Coatings Ag | Kratzfestbeschichtete Polycarbonate mit hoher Transparenz, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE102009018518A1 (de) | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | Tesa Se | Transparente Barrierelaminate |
DE102009026679A1 (de) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-12-16 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Kleb- und Dichtstoffe auf Basis silanterminierter Bindemittel zum Verkleben und Abdichten von flexiblen Solarfolien / Photovoltaikmodulen |
DE102009024754A1 (de) * | 2009-06-12 | 2011-02-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Organisch funktionalisierte Polysiloxan-Nanopartikel, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung in Kompositen |
US8962138B2 (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2015-02-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Organically functionalized polysiloxane nanoparticles, method for the production thereof, and use thereof |
DE102009029056A1 (de) | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-03 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Blockfeste strahlenvernetzte Lackschichten |
DE102009045026A1 (de) | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Pigmentierte strahlenvernetzende Lacke |
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JP5447720B1 (ja) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-03-19 | ダイソー株式会社 | 電池電極用バインダー、およびそれを用いた電極ならびに電池 |
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CN104017140B (zh) * | 2014-05-26 | 2017-01-11 | 张家港长泰汽车饰件材料有限公司 | 一种车顶用阻隔胶及其制备方法 |
CN104327219B (zh) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-02-22 | 武汉持欣科技有限公司 | 难粘材料粘胶剂基础连接料用水性乳液及其制备方法 |
EP3205696B1 (de) * | 2014-10-08 | 2021-07-21 | Samtack, S.L. | Klebstoffzusammensetzung für flexible behälter |
JP6024796B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2016-11-16 | Dic株式会社 | 細胞培養基材及び細胞培養方法 |
CN106003938B (zh) * | 2016-05-23 | 2018-10-02 | 深圳市八六三新材料技术有限责任公司 | 一种高阻隔性聚烯烃纳米复合薄膜及其制备方法 |
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2004
- 2004-08-06 DE DE200410038274 patent/DE102004038274A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-06-24 JP JP2007524199A patent/JP2008509235A/ja active Pending
- 2005-06-24 KR KR1020077002785A patent/KR20070044002A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-24 EP EP05761663A patent/EP1781746A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-24 WO PCT/EP2005/006835 patent/WO2006015659A2/de active Application Filing
- 2005-06-24 BR BRPI0514140-0A patent/BRPI0514140A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-06-24 CN CNA2005800265514A patent/CN101014673A/zh active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-02-05 US US11/702,463 patent/US20070178263A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070178263A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
WO2006015659A2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
WO2006015659A3 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
CN101014673A (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
JP2008509235A (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
BRPI0514140A (pt) | 2008-05-27 |
KR20070044002A (ko) | 2007-04-26 |
DE102004038274A1 (de) | 2006-03-16 |
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