EP1774223A1 - Verfahren zur erzeugung von für sauerstoffverbrennung geeignetem geeigneten wasserdampf - Google Patents

Verfahren zur erzeugung von für sauerstoffverbrennung geeignetem geeigneten wasserdampf

Info

Publication number
EP1774223A1
EP1774223A1 EP05826778A EP05826778A EP1774223A1 EP 1774223 A1 EP1774223 A1 EP 1774223A1 EP 05826778 A EP05826778 A EP 05826778A EP 05826778 A EP05826778 A EP 05826778A EP 1774223 A1 EP1774223 A1 EP 1774223A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vaporizer
water
combustion
heater
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05826778A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Conturie
Isidore Jacubowiez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total France SA filed Critical Total France SA
Publication of EP1774223A1 publication Critical patent/EP1774223A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/003—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method of generating steam suitable for oxy-combustion, that is to say the combustion of a fossil fuel with oxygen, or oxygen-enriched air such as oxidizer.
  • the invention also relates to a device for its implementation.
  • STATE OF THE ART Oxygen combustion or oxycombustion is currently one of the most attractive routes envisaged for continuing to use fossil fuels while limiting CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere. Indeed, the combustion of these fuels with air causes the formation of CO 2 highly diluted in the nitrogen of the combustion air which forms a significant ballast: the CO 2 generally represents only 10 to 15% of the products of combustion.
  • the reinjection of CO 2 is one of the techniques currently envisaged to limit the emission into the atmosphere. For combustion in air, it is then necessary, for a ton of
  • CO 2 represents, after condensation of the water vapor produced by the combustion, generally about 90% of the exhaling gases, the rest comprising nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • the residual argon contained in the oxygen used as oxidant oxygen introduced in excess to obtain a complete combustion of fuel and other gases formed during combustion (NO x , SO x ). It is thus easy to reinject the CO 2 with a purity of 95% or more after separation of all or part of the incondensables.
  • the main problem induced by the combustion with pure oxygen or air highly enriched in oxygen is the very high temperature of the flame. This may indeed exceed 3000 0 C whereas it is normally around 2000 0 C for conventional combustion in air.
  • This very high flame temperature results in high radiation heat fluxes that are not compatible with the operation of a conventional boiler. Indeed in a conventional boiler, the combustion chamber is surrounded by tubes in which is carried out the vaporization of water and / or overheating. If the heat flows are too great, we can arrive at a situation where the tubes are empty of their water. The fluid in contact with the hot wall is then only water vapor whose heat capacity is much lower than that of water, so with a significantly lower cooling efficiency. Such a situation quickly causes the tubes to be destroyed by overheating. This phenomenon is also known in the art as "dry out” or "burn out”.
  • a first solution is to dilute the flame gases with the CO 2 produced.
  • CO 2 produced by the CO 2 produced.
  • Such recycling requires significant equipment.
  • US-P-6619041 discloses a boiler with oxy-combustion without recycling and its constituent equipment.
  • the described boiler has a water heater in the "cold" section of the smoke and not in the fireplace.
  • the invention is based on the concept of inversion, with respect to a conventional boiler, of the general circulation of combustion products (hot fluid) with water and steam (cold fluids).
  • the invention provides an oxycombustion boiler comprising a combustion chamber, a water heater and a vaporizer, wherein the combustion chamber comprises at least in part the water heater.
  • the combustion chamber completely comprises the heater.
  • the heater comprises a first bundle of independent tubes, in a pitch of 2 to 3.
  • the heater comprises a first bundle of internally corrugated tubes.
  • the vaporizer is a radiation vaporizer.
  • the vaporizer comprises a radiation vaporizer and a convection vaporizer.
  • the vaporizer is a convection vaporizer.
  • the radiation vaporizer comprising a second bundle of tubes is arranged concentrically around the heater comprising a first bundle of tubes, in the combustion chamber.
  • the boiler further comprises a water / steam separation tank, supplied with water by the heater, supplying the vaporizer with water and fed by the vaporizer with steam.
  • the water heater is disposed inside the combustion chamber.
  • the water heater operates countercurrent combustion products of the combustion chamber.
  • the invention further provides a method of generating hot water by oxy-combustion, comprising reheating cold water by the oxy-combustion flame in hot water (heated fluid).
  • the method further comprises the step of vaporizing the heated fluid produced.
  • the step of vaporizing the heated fluid is carried out by radiation.
  • the step of vaporizing the heated fluid is carried out by convection.
  • the step of vaporization of the heated fluid is carried out by radiation and by convection.
  • the step of reheating cold water by the oxy-combustion flame is implemented against the current.
  • the flame temperature of oxy-1 combustion is between 2000 and 3300 0 C, preferably between 2500 and 3000 0 C.
  • the temperature of the cold water is between 105 and 170 0 C and its pressure between 8 and 500 bar.
  • the heated fluid comprises water and steam in a water / vapor mass ratio ranging from 100/0 to 50/50, preferably 100/0 to 70/30, and advantageously 95 / 5 to 80/20.
  • the temperature of the heated fluid is between 170 and 600 0 C and its pressure between 8 and 500 bar.
  • the temperature of the steam produced is between 170 and 600 0 C and its pressure between 8 and 500 bar.
  • the method further comprises a step of overheating the steam produced.
  • the temperature of the fumes after the step of heating the water is from 1200 to 600 ° C.
  • the temperature of the fumes after the vaporization step is 250 to 150 ° C.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the flow of fluids in a conventional boiler
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the flow of fluids in a boiler according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a representation of the flow of fluids in a boiler according to one embodiment
  • - Figures 4A and 4B are a partial sectional representation of a boiler according to the prior art and a boiler according to another embodiment, respectively.
  • a conventional boiler 10 which comprises a water heater 11 in contact with the cooled combustion gases, a vaporizer 12 and a superheater 13, these elements being placed in this order towards the flame , located in the combustion chamber 14. This maximizes the efficiency of heat exchange, the countercurrent or co-current is between the fluids with the smallest temperature difference.
  • the superheater produces water vapor at a temperature of up to more than 600 0 C.
  • a boiler according to the invention adapted to oxy-combustion is described.
  • the cold fluid is brought into contact with the hottest combustion products.
  • the term "oxy-combustion” covers combustions whose oxidant is oxygen-enriched air from a value greater than 22% by volume.
  • the heat fluxes radiated on the tubes at the level of the combustion chamber vary between 200 and 3000 kW / m 2 and preferably between 300 and 1000 kW / m 2 .
  • the fuel used can be of any kind, for example gas, oil, various petroleum residues (especially heavy residues) or coal.
  • the invention is applicable to many fields.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the generation of high steam pressure for activation of heavy oil fields. Indeed, the higher the vapor pressure, the higher the enthalpy to be provided for reheating the water before vaporization, and the lower the heat of vaporization. This makes it possible to envisage, for the high vapor pressures, combustion chambers solely used for heating the water.
  • the boiler according to the invention comprises a heater at the combustion chamber and a vaporizer downstream of the heater.
  • the terms “downstream” and “upstream” are given with respect to the flow direction of the combustion products (or in other words with respect to the temperature gradient in the boiler).
  • a superheater can be arranged in the plant for the production of superheated steam, especially in the case of electrical generation.
  • the boiler 20 comprises a combustion chamber 21, a heater 22 implanted along the walls of the combustion chamber.
  • the fluid leaving the heater 22 is sent into a balloon which separates the gaseous part from the liquid part.
  • the latter is sent to the vaporizer 23, also located partly in the combustion chamber.
  • the fluid vaporizes in this vaporizer, said primary.
  • a secondary vaporizer 24 connected to the balloon.
  • This secondary vaporizer absorbs the majority of heat transmitted by convection of hot gases unlike the primary vaporizer which essentially absorbs heat transmitted by radiation.
  • the heater produces a fluid whose vapor content is already very high, it is even possible to use only the secondary vaporizer 24 for the production of steam.
  • a superheater not shown
  • it is generally placed at the secondary vaporizer, that is to say immediately upstream or at the same level as the latter, or possibly downstream of the primary vaporizer .
  • a boiler disposed vertically with one or more flame (s), downwards.
  • the boiler 30 comprises a combustion chamber 31, provided with burners fed from a source 32, for example gas or heavy petroleum products.
  • the temperature of the flame in the combustion chamber for example is about 2000 to 3000 0 C.
  • a heater 33 is coincident with the combustion chamber 31.
  • This heater is supplied with cold water by the pipe 34.
  • the cold water is at a temperature of about 136 ° C under a pressure of about 180 bar.
  • the characteristics of the cold water used in the invention are in the following ranges: a temperature between 105 and 170 0 C and a pressure between 8 and 500 bar.
  • the heated fluid leaves the heater via line 35; it is at a temperature of about 337 ° C under a pressure of about 180 bar.
  • the characteristics of the heated fluid used in the invention are in the following ranges: a temperature between 170 and 600 0 C and a pressure between 8 and 500 bar.
  • the heated fluid is sent to a water / steam separation tank 36.
  • the water at the bottom of the balloon 36 is sent through line 37 to the primary vaporizer 38.
  • Steam is produced in this vaporizer and leaves it via line 39 to be sent to balloon 36.
  • the vapor is at a temperature of about 357 ° C under a pressure of about 180 bars.
  • the characteristics of the steam produced in the invention are in the following ranges: a temperature between 170 and 600 0 C and a pressure between 8 and 500 bar.
  • the temperature of the gases is then about 1000 ° C. to 1300 ° C. It is possible to obtain a lower exit temperature to further increase the amount of steam produced at the primary vaporizer.
  • this temperature is determined by an economic optimum which takes into account the comparison of the additional exchange surfaces on the primary and secondary vaporizers necessary to obtain the same production of steam.
  • the temperature of 1000 0 C to 1300 0 C at the outlet of radiant zone being fixed for the reasons given economic optimum above, may be used in this case to increase the amount of steam produced, to a secondary vaporizer 40 heated essentially by convection.
  • the water at the bottom of the balloon 36 is sent through line 41 to the secondary vaporizer 40. Steam is produced in this vaporizer and leaves it via line 42 to be sent to balloon 36.
  • the vapor is at a temperature of approximately 357 ° C. under a pressure of approximately 180 bar.
  • the fumes finally leave the boiler by the chimney 43.
  • a separator 44 for separating the exhaling gases from the water formed during combustion, in particular by condensation.
  • a substantially dry CO 2 stream is then withdrawn through line 45.
  • the combustion chamber is constituted essentially, and more especially around the combustion zone, by the water heater.
  • This water heater will generally comprise straight tubes, preferably smoothed outwardly. These tubes will be advantageously independent of each other. If we consider the outside diameter of the tubes d, and the center line of the tubes p, we obtain a ratio p / d which is the "pitch" of the tubes. This step is for example from 2 to 3. These tubes can be fluted ("corrugated") or smooth inside, or alternatively smooth with insert. These tubes are arranged all around the combustion chamber whose section may be circular or rectangular. These tubes are supplied with cold water from below from collectors. Hot water is extracted from the top. Thus, a possible local vaporization does not prevent the general movement of the fluid.
  • the tubes constituting this heater will preferably be small diameters, so as to limit their thickness and / or increase the internal heat transfer coefficient. Co-current operation is also possible, but in this case the burners will be placed in the hearth. Lateral burner position is also possible.
  • the vaporization section of the water comprises two separate vaporizers, one primary by radiation and the other secondary by convection.
  • Primary Radiation Vaporizer The Radiant Vaporizer is located just below the water heater, if the burners are located at the top of the firebox and just above if the burners are located at the bottom of the firebox.
  • This vaporizer includes rectilinear tubes smooth externally, grooved or smooth internally. This vaporizer is supplied with hot water from the balloon by a large-sized downflow pipe and collectors. The steam produced in these tubes is returned to the flask by collectors located near the top outlet of this vaporizer.
  • the circulation of the water-steam emulsion can be done by natural circulation or possibly by forced recirculation. Co-current operation is also possible.
  • the diameter of the tubes is chosen in particular by optimization between a good absorption of heat flows and a sufficient circulation of the emulsion.
  • the water heater and vaporizer assembly will be sized so that the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber is between 1000 and 1300 ° C.
  • the distribution of the amount of energy transmitted to each of the two heat exchangers will depend on the steam pressure of the boiler. Secondary convection vaporizer
  • This vaporizer beam will be supplied with hot water from the balloon by a water descent pipe independent of that which feeds the radiation vaporizer or alternatively by the same piping.
  • This vaporizer beam may be either vertical or inclined relative to the horizontal and, in this case, the circulation of the water-vapor emulsion may be natural; either with horizontal tubes and, in this case, the recirculation will be forced with an independent pump or possibly with the same pump that supplies the primary radiation vaporizer.
  • the coldest tubes can be fitted externally with fins if the quality of the products of combustion and the substantial absence of dust allow it.
  • Superheater A superheater (not shown) will generally be placed before the convection vaporizer or after the first rows of tubes of this convection vaporizer. This superheater may include two or three beams. Between each of these beams, a desuperheating device by water injection will control the temperature of the superheated steam. Referring to Figure 4A, there is described a section of a combustion chamber of a conventional boiler.
  • It comprises an outer (sealed) enclosure 51, tubes 52a, 52b, etc., in which the water-steam emulsion circulates and which are joined together by fins 53a, 53b, etc., so as to form an enclosure waterproof.
  • These tubes form here the classic vaporizer.
  • a section of a combustion chamber of a boiler according to one embodiment of the invention is described. It comprises an outer sealed enclosure 51 coated with refractory materials. Cold water circulation tubes 54a, 54b, etc. are placed concentrically, for example, in the direction of and around the hearth.
  • These tubes 54a, 54b, etc. form here the heater. This arrangement allows these tubes to receive heat flux over their entire surface. The surface opposite to the flames receiving the radiation reemitted by the refractory walls.
  • the primary vaporizer can either be designed in a manner similar to the heater, with refractory walls at the rear of the tubes, or in a more conventional manner with longitudinal finned tubes integral with each other, forming screen and sealing the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber comprises, by way of example, an outer sealed enclosure 51, tubes 52a, 52b, etc., which are joined together by fins 53a, 53b, etc., so as to form a sealed enclosure.
  • These tubes 52a, 52b, etc. form here the vaporizer.
  • Other tubes with cold water circulation 54a, 54b, etc. are placed concentrically, for example, in the direction of and around the firebox.
  • These tubes 54a, 54b, etc., form here the heater.
  • This variant is particularly suitable in the case where heat fluxes remain limited. This design will limit the direct radiation on the tubes of the vaporizer, especially in the area where the steam is already important.
  • This variant also allows the remodeling of some boilers to transform them at lower cost into boilers according to the invention, since it is sufficient to insert additional tubes acting as a water heater, in an already existing combustion chamber and already provided with vaporizer beams.
  • These remodelings will be favored by the fact that the boilers concerned were initially built for combustion with air as oxidant, thus the wall surfaces are relatively large.
  • the invention offers, compared with conventional boilers, the following advantages:
  • the oxy-combustion boiler according to the invention will, at similar power and efficiency, a combustion chamber smaller than the combustion chamber of an atmospheric air boiler, and convection beams significantly less consistent. The cost and weight will therefore be reduced, the second of these characteristics being of prime importance in the case of offshore installations. Compared to a boiler fueled with oxygen with CO 2 recycling.
  • one solution is to dilute the flame by recycling CO 2 from the downstream side of the boiler.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented under pressure (combustion chamber boiler under pressure), which can offer an advantage when it is desired to reinject the CO 2 product.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described but is capable of numerous variations easily accessible to those skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
EP05826778A 2004-07-09 2005-07-06 Verfahren zur erzeugung von für sauerstoffverbrennung geeignetem geeigneten wasserdampf Withdrawn EP1774223A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0407700A FR2872886B1 (fr) 2004-07-09 2004-07-09 Procede et dispositif de generation de vapeur d'eau adapte a l'oxy-combustion
PCT/FR2005/001745 WO2006016042A1 (fr) 2004-07-09 2005-07-06 Procede et dispositif de generation de vapeur d'eau adapte a l'oxy-combustion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1774223A1 true EP1774223A1 (de) 2007-04-18

Family

ID=34946995

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05826778A Withdrawn EP1774223A1 (de) 2004-07-09 2005-07-06 Verfahren zur erzeugung von für sauerstoffverbrennung geeignetem geeigneten wasserdampf

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20070227145A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1774223A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2008506088A (de)
KR (1) KR20070033418A (de)
CN (1) CN100567810C (de)
CA (1) CA2573254A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2872886B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006016042A1 (de)

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DE102016102777A1 (de) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Netzsch Trockenmahltechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von überhitztem Dampf aus einem Arbeitsmedium

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006016042A1 (fr) 2006-02-16
US20070227145A1 (en) 2007-10-04
CA2573254A1 (en) 2006-02-16
FR2872886B1 (fr) 2006-09-22
CN101002053A (zh) 2007-07-18
KR20070033418A (ko) 2007-03-26
CN100567810C (zh) 2009-12-09
JP2008506088A (ja) 2008-02-28
FR2872886A1 (fr) 2006-01-13

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