EP1772528B1 - Titanium alloy and method of manufacturing titanium alloy material - Google Patents
Titanium alloy and method of manufacturing titanium alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- EP1772528B1 EP1772528B1 EP04745513A EP04745513A EP1772528B1 EP 1772528 B1 EP1772528 B1 EP 1772528B1 EP 04745513 A EP04745513 A EP 04745513A EP 04745513 A EP04745513 A EP 04745513A EP 1772528 B1 EP1772528 B1 EP 1772528B1
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- titanium alloy
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 31
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to titanium alloys in use in chemical industry members such as machine structure members and heat exchanger members and consumer goods members such as golf clubs, and a method for manufacturing titanium alloy materials.
- the present invention particularly relates to titanium alloys with an excellent cold workability and superplasticity characteristics, and a method for manufacturing the titanium alloy materials.
- Heat exchangers are instruments capable of transmitting thermal energy between different fluids.
- the heat exchangers are used in, for example, air conditioners, refrigerators, air preheating equipment of burners, radiators in automobiles, parts for the chemical industry, parts for seawater and the like.
- heat exchangers made of titanium are used in fields requiring excellent corrosion resistance such as in the chemical industry or in salt water.
- titanium alloy which are light and strong are used as a material for such heat exchangers.
- a Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been widely used as the heat exchanger material due to its excellent superplasticity characteristics as described in, for example, Non-patent document 1.
- this alloy has poor cold workability. For example, when thin plates are manufactured by cold rolling the Ti-6A1-4V alloy plate which is wrapped around a coil, there is a drawback that the number of intermediate annealing needs to be increased.
- Non-patent document 2 shows that a Ti-9V-2Mo-3Al alloy is a titanium alloy which has an excellent cold workability and also an excellent superplasticity workability.
- this alloy contains Mo as an essential element, which results in a high cost of raw materials. Also, because of a high melting point of Mo, there is a higher incidence of unmelted portions or solidification segregation in melting.
- Patent document 1 describes a titanium alloy with excellent superplasticity workability containing, by mass %, A1 of 5.5 to 6.5%, V of 3.5 to 4.5%, O of 0.2% or less, Fe of 0.15 to 3.0%, Cr of 0.15 to 3.0% and Mo of 0.85 to 3.15%, in which Fe, Cr and Mo are within a range represented by a specific equation and an average grain diameter of an ⁇ crystal is 6 ⁇ m or less.
- This alloy can be said to be superior to the Ti-6AI-4V alloy in the superplasticity workability, but the cold workability is not considered.
- this alloy has a high content of A1 which is 5.5% or more, which results in high deformation resistance in the cold rolling and a high possibility of cracks occurring in the edges of a plate if this alloy is subjected to cold rolling process at a cross-section reduction rate of 50%.
- Patent document 2 describes a titanium alloy with excellent workability which contains, by mass %, A1 of 3.0 to 5.0%, V of 2.1 to 3.7%, Mo of 0.85 to 3.15%, O of 0.15% or less, and further one or more elements of Fe, Cr, Ni and Co, in which the content of these elements is in a range represented by a specific equation. There is also described a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy material in a specific hot rolling condition, and a superplastic processing method of the titanium alloy material in the specific heat treatment condition. However, since this alloy contains Mo, there will be the same problem with the alloy described in Non-patent document 2.
- An object of the present invention is to provide titanium alloys with the excellent cold workability and the superplasticity characteristics and a method for manufacturing the titanium alloy materials. Means adapted to solve the problem
- the present invention was accomplished as a result of repeated research made by the present inventors based on a Ti-3A1-2.5V alloy which is said to have the excellent cold workability.
- the present invention is characterized by titanium alloys as shown in (1) below, and a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy material as shown in (2) below.
- a method for manufacturing cold rolled titanium alloy plate is characterized in that the titanium alloy described in the above (1) is subjected to cold working at a cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more.
- a titanium alloy of the present invention has a sufficient cold workability as well as the excellent superplasticity characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to easily produce a coil by the cold rolling, and a material for a super-plastic application, having a uniform distribution in a plate thickness, can be manufactured. Therefore, it is possible to easily produce thin plates made of titanium alloy at a low cost, allowing for the expansion of an application field for the titanium alloy thin plates. Best mode for carrying out the invention
- Al is an element that plays a very important role in increasing the strength of the titanium alloy. Al is also an effective element for stabilizing the ⁇ phase of the titanium alloy.
- the superplasticity characteristics are exhibited in a temperature range in which the ratio of the a phase and the ⁇ phase is approximately 50/50. If the content of A1 is low, this temperature range is narrowed, which results in difficulties obtaining stable superplasticity characteristics.
- the content ofAl needs to be 2.0% or more so as to obtain the superplasticity characteristics in a wider temperature range. However, the cold workability reduces as the content ofAl increases.
- the content of A1 is limited to 2.0 to 4.0%.
- V is an effective element for stabilizing the ⁇ phase of titanium alloys, and has an effect of increasing the ratio of the ⁇ phase in a temperature range of about 800 to 850 °C.
- the content of V is 4.0% or more, the temperature range in which the ratio of the ⁇ phase and the B phase is approximately 50/50 can be increased.
- the content of V exceeds 9.0%, oxidation resistance characteristics of the titanium alloy material are deteriorated. This is because an oxide of V has a sublimation property, so that a scale generated on the surface of the alloy is not dense but has a high permeability of oxygen if the titanium alloy in which the content of V exceeds 9.0% is exposed to a high temperature. Therefore, cracks occur more easily on the surface of the alloy, and a high temperature ductility is decreased. Accordingly, the content of V is limited to 4.0 to 9.0%.
- Zr is an element that may not be optionally added. If Zr is added, it contributes to strengthen the titanium alloy due to a solid solution strengthening effect thereof. If a titanium alloy containing Zr is exposed to the high temperature, a strong Zr oxide is formed on the surface thereof to suppress oxidation inside the alloy, so that a generation of the cracks can be prevented in a deformation of the titanium alloy at the high temperature. Therefore, elongation of the titanium alloy is increased at the high temperature, and the superplasticity characteristics are improved. These effects are largely exhibited in 0.5% or more. However, Zr is an expensive element, and the oxidation suppression effect described above is saturated if the content of Zr exceeds 2.0%, leading to a cost increase. Therefore, if Zr is contained, the content is preferably limited to 2.0% or less.
- Sn is also an element that may not be necessarily added. Although Sn does not contributes to stabilize the ⁇ phase or the ⁇ phase, it is an element that contributes to strengthen the titanium alloy To obtain such effect of Sn, the content is preferably 0.2% or more. However, if the content of Sn exceeds 3.0%, a low melting point region is formed in solidification process, and the cracks occur from this region as a starting point. Therefore, if Sn is contained, the content is preferably 3.0% or less.
- Certain titanium alloys of the present invention have the chemical compositions described above, the balance being Ti and impurities.
- Other alloys of the invention contain one or more elements selected from Fe of 0.20 to 1.0%, Cr of 0.01 to 1.0%, Cu of 0.01 to 1.0% and Ni of 0.01 to 1.0% as substitute for a part of Ti. This is based on the following reasons.
- Fe and Cr are elements contained, as impurities, in a titanium sponge which is a titanium raw material, or in an aluminum-vanadium alloy which is an additional material. Therefore, Fe of less than 0.20% and Cr of less than 0.01% are contained in the titanium alloy even if these elements are not positively added. These elements are ⁇ -phase stabilizing elements having the same effect as V, but they are cheaper than V. Accordingly, cost reduction can be realized by positively adding these elements, so that it is desirable to contain Fe of 0.20% or more and Cr of 0.01% or more. However, Fe and Cr are eutectoid type elements forming an intermetallic compound in the titanium alloy. If the Fe and Cr contents exceed 1.0% each, there will be embrittlement caused by excessive precipitation of the intermetallic compound.
- Cu and Ni are ⁇ stabilizing elements in the same manner as V, and are effective to increase the ratio of the B phase in a temperature range of 800 to 850 °C. These elements are cheaper than V, and can be added as an alternative element to V It is desirable to use Cu at 0.01% or more and Ni at 0.01% or more in order to obtain this effect. However, an intermetallic compound is formed and cold workability is lowered if Cu or Ni exceed 1.0% each, because Cu and Ni are eutectoid type elements for titanium.
- the ratio of the ⁇ phase is lowered in a temperature range of 800 to 850 °C, and the superplasticity characteristics are hardly exhibited in this temperature range.
- the Veq exceeds 9.5, the ratio of the ⁇ phase is lowed, the superplasticity characteristics deteriorate in a temperature range of 800 to 850 °C and the specific gravity of the alloy itself increases. Accordingly, if Fe and/or Cr are contained to the titanium alloy of the present invention, it is necessary to limit Veq in a range of 4.0 to 9.5.
- O (oxygen), C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and H (hydrogen) are major impurities contained in the titanium alloy of the present invention.
- O is an impurity contained in the titanium sponge and a raw material of V, while C and N are impurities contained in the titanium sponge.
- H is an impurity which is absorbed from an atmosphere in heating or absorbed in an acid pickling process. Impurities are preferably as low as possible in a range where O is 0.2% or less, C is 0.01% or less, N is 0.01% or less, and H is 0.01% or less.
- An ingot is prepared by an ordinary melting method such as VAR and is subjected to hot bloom forging or hot rolling so as to form a slab, after which hot rolling is conducted to prepare a hot coil, followed by the cold rolling to a target plate thickness and annealing to provide the titanium alloy material.
- the cold rolling is a step that largely influences product characteristics, and a titanium alloy material with the excellent superplasticity characteristics at the high temperature can be obtained particularly by the cold working (cold rolling) at the cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more. This is based on the following reasons.
- a crystal grain diameter in the titanium alloy particularly a grain diameter of a pro-eutectoid ⁇ phase is decreased. Then, if the grain diameter in the titanium alloy is decreased, elongation is increased upon superplastic deformation at the high temperature, thereby the titanium alloy material with the excellent superplasticity characteristics at the high temperature is exhibited.
- the cross-section reduction rate is increased in the cold rolling, the elongation upon superplastic deformation at the high temperature is sharply increased up to the cross-section reduction rate of about 40%, and less change is observed in a region of 40% or more.
- the cold working is performed at the cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more.
- the cross-section reduction rate there is no particular upper limit in the cross-section reduction rate, when the cold rolling is performed at a cross-section reduction rate of exceeding 80%, the edge cracks occur in the edges of the plate. Accordingly, it is desirable in the cold working to limit the cross-section reduction rate in 80% or less.
- the cold working may be performed in a condition that the cross-section reduction rate exceeds 80%.
- cross-section reduction rate is obtained by the following equation (a).
- Cross - section reduction rate % cross - section area before working cross - section area after working / cross - section area before working ⁇ 100
- a button ingot with a width of 50 mm, a thickness of 15 mm and a longitude of 80 mm was prepared.
- the button ingot was heated at 850 °C, it was subjected to hot rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate with a thickness of 5 mm.
- this hot-rolled plate was annealed at 750 °C for ten minutes, an oxide scale was removed by shot blast and acid pickling, and the surface was further machined to a thickness of 4mm by machining so as to prepare a material for the cold rolling.
- This material was subjected to the cold rolling to prepare a cold-rolled plate with a thickness of 2 mm.
- an evaluation of cold-rolling property presence of cracks in the edges on the surface of the cold-rolled plate was performed by visual observation.
- a plate with no cracks in the cold rolling was subjected to a heat treatment in an argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes, followed by cold rolling to a thickness of 1.5 mm, and again subjected to the heat treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes to provide a test specimen. From this test specimen, a plate type test piece with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a width of 12.5 mm in a parallel part was obtained so that the longitudinal direction of the test piece was in parallel to the rolling direction.
- the distance between gauge marks of this tensile test piece was set to be 20mm, and a tensile test was conducted at a test temperature of 800 °C and a tensile speed of 9 mm/min., so as to measure elongation at fracture.
- Table 1 shows chemical compositions of the cold-rolled plate, evaluations of cold rolling property and elongation at fracture.
- a plate with no cracks is indicated as [ ⁇ ] and a plate with cracks is indicated as [ ⁇ ] when a cold-rolled plate with a thickness of 2 mm was prepared.
- a plate of exceeding 200% in elongation at fracture is indicated as [ ⁇ ]
- a plate of 200% or less in elongation at fracture is indicated as [ ⁇ ] when a tensile test was conducted at 800 °C.
- alloys satisfying the chemical compositions specified in the present invention are capable of being cold rolled to obtain an excellent superplastic elongation.
- a material for cold rolling containing Al of 3.0%, V of 5.0% and the balance being Ti and impurities was prepared with a thickness of 4 mm in the same manner with Example 1.
- the material for cold rolling was subjected to a cold rolling in different cross-section reduction rates to prepare cold-rolled plates with thicknesses of 3.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm. After these cold-rolled plates were subjected to the heat treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes, a plate type test piece with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a width of 12.5 mm in a parallel part was obtained so that the longitudinal direction of the test piece was in parallel with the rolling direction.
- the distance between the gauge marks in this tensile test piece was set to 20 mm, and the tensile test was conducted at the test temperature of 800 °C and a tensile speed of 9 mm/min., so as to measure the elongation at fracture.
- the cold-rolled plate with a thickness of 2.0 mm was subjected to the heat treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes, followed by the cold rolling to a thickness of 1.5 mm or 1.0 mm, and again subjected to the hot treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes so as to prepare a test specimen. From this test specimen, the plate type test piece with the thickness of 1.0 mm and the width of 12.5mm in the parallel part was obtained, and the same tensile test as described above was conducted to measure the elongation at fracture. Table 2 shows the cross-section reduction rate and the elongations at fracture.
- the elongation at fracture is increased in accordance with the increase of the cross-section reduction rate, and there is almost no change in the elongation at fracture under a condition that the cross-section reduction rate is 40% or more. Also, from the results of No. 39 and No. 40, it is understood that an excellent elongation at fracture is observed if the cross-section reduction rate before the intermediate annealing is 40% or more, even though the cold rolling rate after the intermediate annealing is low.
- the titanium alloy of the present invention has the sufficient cold workability as well as the excellent superplasticity characteristics. Accordingly, it is possible to easily prepare the coil by the cold rolling, and also to manufacture a material for a super-plastic application having a uniform distribution in a plate thickness. Therefore, the titanium alloy thin plates can be easily manufactured at a low cost, allowing the expansion of the application field for the titanium alloy thin plates.
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Description
- The present invention relates to titanium alloys in use in chemical industry members such as machine structure members and heat exchanger members and consumer goods members such as golf clubs, and a method for manufacturing titanium alloy materials. The present invention particularly relates to titanium alloys with an excellent cold workability and superplasticity characteristics, and a method for manufacturing the titanium alloy materials.
- Heat exchangers are instruments capable of transmitting thermal energy between different fluids. The heat exchangers are used in, for example, air conditioners, refrigerators, air preheating equipment of burners, radiators in automobiles, parts for the chemical industry, parts for seawater and the like. In particular, heat exchangers made of titanium are used in fields requiring excellent corrosion resistance such as in the chemical industry or in salt water. In order to reduce the size of heat exchangers, it is necessary to increase the strength of the parts being used and that is why titanium alloy which are light and strong are used as a material for such heat exchangers.
- A Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been widely used as the heat exchanger material due to its excellent superplasticity characteristics as described in, for example, Non-patent document 1. However, this alloy has poor cold workability. For example, when thin plates are manufactured by cold rolling the Ti-6A1-4V alloy plate which is wrapped around a coil, there is a drawback that the number of intermediate annealing needs to be increased.
- Non-patent document 2 shows that a Ti-9V-2Mo-3Al alloy is a titanium alloy which has an excellent cold workability and also an excellent superplasticity workability. However, this alloy contains Mo as an essential element, which results in a high cost of raw materials. Also, because of a high melting point of Mo, there is a higher incidence of unmelted portions or solidification segregation in melting.
- Patent document 1 describes a titanium alloy with excellent superplasticity workability containing, by mass %, A1 of 5.5 to 6.5%, V of 3.5 to 4.5%, O of 0.2% or less, Fe of 0.15 to 3.0%, Cr of 0.15 to 3.0% and Mo of 0.85 to 3.15%, in which Fe, Cr and Mo are within a range represented by a specific equation and an average grain diameter of an α crystal is 6µm or less. This alloy can be said to be superior to the Ti-6AI-4V alloy in the superplasticity workability, but the cold workability is not considered. Namely, this alloy has a high content of A1 which is 5.5% or more, which results in high deformation resistance in the cold rolling and a high possibility of cracks occurring in the edges of a plate if this alloy is subjected to cold rolling process at a cross-section reduction rate of 50%.
- Patent document 2 describes a titanium alloy with excellent workability which contains, by mass %, A1 of 3.0 to 5.0%, V of 2.1 to 3.7%, Mo of 0.85 to 3.15%, O of 0.15% or less, and further one or more elements of Fe, Cr, Ni and Co, in which the content of these elements is in a range represented by a specific equation. There is also described a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy material in a specific hot rolling condition, and a superplastic processing method of the titanium alloy material in the specific heat treatment condition. However, since this alloy contains Mo, there will be the same problem with the alloy described in Non-patent document 2.
-
- Patent document 1: Japanese Examined Patent Publication No.
1996-19502B - Patent document 2: Japanese Examined Patent Publication No.
1996-23053B - Non-patent document 1: N. Furushiro and three other persons, Titanium' 80, 1980, pp. 993-998, published by Metallurgical Society of AIME
- Non-patent document 2: T. Oka and 2 other persons, "What is being studied about titanium materials in Japan?", pp. 58-60, edited on Dec. 1, 1989 by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
- An object of the present invention is to provide titanium alloys with the excellent cold workability and the superplasticity characteristics and a method for manufacturing the titanium alloy materials. Means adapted to solve the problem
- The present invention was accomplished as a result of repeated research made by the present inventors based on a Ti-3A1-2.5V alloy which is said to have the excellent cold workability.
- The present invention is characterized by titanium alloys as shown in (1) below, and a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy material as shown in (2) below.
- (1) A cold rolled titanium alloy plate consisting of, by mass %, A1 of 2.0 to 4.0%, V of 4.0 to 9.0%, Zr of not more than 2.0%, Sn of not more than 3.0%, and optionally further containing one or more elements selected from Fe of 0.20 to 1.0%, Cr of 0.01 to 1.0%, Cu of 0.01 to 1.0% and Ni of 0.01 to 1.0%, and the balance being Ti and impurities, wherein Veq obtained by the following equation (1) is in a range of 4.0 to 9.5:
where a symbol on a right side of the equation (1) means a content of each element, by mass %, wherein the cold rolled titanium alloy plate is obtainable by subjecting the titanium alloy to cold working at a cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more. - (2) A method for manufacturing cold rolled titanium alloy plate is characterized in that the titanium alloy described in the above (1) is subjected to cold working at a cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more.
- A titanium alloy of the present invention has a sufficient cold workability as well as the excellent superplasticity characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to easily produce a coil by the cold rolling, and a material for a super-plastic application, having a uniform distribution in a plate thickness, can be manufactured. Therefore, it is possible to easily produce thin plates made of titanium alloy at a low cost, allowing for the expansion of an application field for the titanium alloy thin plates. Best mode for carrying out the invention
- First, chemical compositions in the titanium alloy of the present invention and the reasons for the limitation will be described. "%" in each component means "mass %" in the following explanation.
- Al is an element that plays a very important role in increasing the strength of the titanium alloy. Al is also an effective element for stabilizing the α phase of the titanium alloy The superplasticity characteristics are exhibited in a temperature range in which the ratio of the a phase and the β phase is approximately 50/50. If the content of A1 is low, this temperature range is narrowed, which results in difficulties obtaining stable superplasticity characteristics. The content ofAl needs to be 2.0% or more so as to obtain the superplasticity characteristics in a wider temperature range. However, the cold workability reduces as the content ofAl increases. In particular, if a titanium alloy in which the content of Al exceeds 4.0% is subjected to the cold working at a cross-section reduction rate of about 50%, the edge cracks occur in the edges of the plate. Therefore, the content of A1 is limited to 2.0 to 4.0%.
- V is an effective element for stabilizing the β phase of titanium alloys, and has an effect of increasing the ratio of the β phase in a temperature range of about 800 to 850 °C. In particular, if the content of V is 4.0% or more, the temperature range in which the ratio of the α phase and the B phase is approximately 50/50 can be increased. However, if the content of V exceeds 9.0%, oxidation resistance characteristics of the titanium alloy material are deteriorated. This is because an oxide of V has a sublimation property, so that a scale generated on the surface of the alloy is not dense but has a high permeability of oxygen if the titanium alloy in which the content of V exceeds 9.0% is exposed to a high temperature. Therefore, cracks occur more easily on the surface of the alloy, and a high temperature ductility is decreased. Accordingly, the content of V is limited to 4.0 to 9.0%.
- Zr is an element that may not be optionally added. If Zr is added, it contributes to strengthen the titanium alloy due to a solid solution strengthening effect thereof. If a titanium alloy containing Zr is exposed to the high temperature, a strong Zr oxide is formed on the surface thereof to suppress oxidation inside the alloy, so that a generation of the cracks can be prevented in a deformation of the titanium alloy at the high temperature. Therefore, elongation of the titanium alloy is increased at the high temperature, and the superplasticity characteristics are improved. These effects are largely exhibited in 0.5% or more. However, Zr is an expensive element, and the oxidation suppression effect described above is saturated if the content of Zr exceeds 2.0%, leading to a cost increase. Therefore, if Zr is contained, the content is preferably limited to 2.0% or less.
- Sn is also an element that may not be necessarily added. Although Sn does not contributes to stabilize the α phase or the β phase, it is an element that contributes to strengthen the titanium alloy To obtain such effect of Sn, the content is preferably 0.2% or more. However, if the content of Sn exceeds 3.0%, a low melting point region is formed in solidification process, and the cracks occur from this region as a starting point. Therefore, if Sn is contained, the content is preferably 3.0% or less.
- Certain titanium alloys of the present invention have the chemical compositions described above, the balance being Ti and impurities. Other alloys of the invention contain one or more elements selected from Fe of 0.20 to 1.0%, Cr of 0.01 to 1.0%, Cu of 0.01 to 1.0% and Ni of 0.01 to 1.0% as substitute for a part of Ti. This is based on the following reasons.
- Fe and Cr are elements contained, as impurities, in a titanium sponge which is a titanium raw material, or in an aluminum-vanadium alloy which is an additional material. Therefore, Fe of less than 0.20% and Cr of less than 0.01% are contained in the titanium alloy even if these elements are not positively added. These elements are β-phase stabilizing elements having the same effect as V, but they are cheaper than V. Accordingly, cost reduction can be realized by positively adding these elements, so that it is desirable to contain Fe of 0.20% or more and Cr of 0.01% or more. However, Fe and Cr are eutectoid type elements forming an intermetallic compound in the titanium alloy. If the Fe and Cr contents exceed 1.0% each, there will be embrittlement caused by excessive precipitation of the intermetallic compound.
- Cu and Ni are β stabilizing elements in the same manner as V, and are effective to increase the ratio of the B phase in a temperature range of 800 to 850 °C. These elements are cheaper than V, and can be added as an alternative element to V It is desirable to use Cu at 0.01% or more and Ni at 0.01% or more in order to obtain this effect. However, an intermetallic compound is formed and cold workability is lowered if Cu or Ni exceed 1.0% each, because Cu and Ni are eutectoid type elements for titanium.
-
-
- If the Veq is less than 4.0, the ratio of the β phase is lowered in a temperature range of 800 to 850 °C, and the superplasticity characteristics are hardly exhibited in this temperature range. However, if the Veq exceeds 9.5, the ratio of the α phase is lowed, the superplasticity characteristics deteriorate in a temperature range of 800 to 850 °C and the specific gravity of the alloy itself increases. Accordingly, if Fe and/or Cr are contained to the titanium alloy of the present invention, it is necessary to limit Veq in a range of 4.0 to 9.5.
- O (oxygen), C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and H (hydrogen) are major impurities contained in the titanium alloy of the present invention. O is an impurity contained in the titanium sponge and a raw material of V, while C and N are impurities contained in the titanium sponge. Also, H is an impurity which is absorbed from an atmosphere in heating or absorbed in an acid pickling process. Impurities are preferably as low as possible in a range where O is 0.2% or less, C is 0.01% or less, N is 0.01% or less, and H is 0.01% or less.
- Next, a method for manufacturing titanium alloy plate of the present invention will be explained. An ingot is prepared by an ordinary melting method such as VAR and is subjected to hot bloom forging or hot rolling so as to form a slab, after which hot rolling is conducted to prepare a hot coil, followed by the cold rolling to a target plate thickness and annealing to provide the titanium alloy material. The cold rolling is a step that largely influences product characteristics, and a titanium alloy material with the excellent superplasticity characteristics at the high temperature can be obtained particularly by the cold working (cold rolling) at the cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more. This is based on the following reasons.
- When the cross-section reduction rate is increased in the cold rolling, a crystal grain diameter in the titanium alloy, particularly a grain diameter of a pro-eutectoid α phase is decreased. Then, if the grain diameter in the titanium alloy is decreased, elongation is increased upon superplastic deformation at the high temperature, thereby the titanium alloy material with the excellent superplasticity characteristics at the high temperature is exhibited. As described above, when the cross-section reduction rate is increased in the cold rolling, the elongation upon superplastic deformation at the high temperature is sharply increased up to the cross-section reduction rate of about 40%, and less change is observed in a region of 40% or more.
- Therefore, in the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy materials of the preset invention, the cold working is performed at the cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more. Although there is no particular upper limit in the cross-section reduction rate, when the cold rolling is performed at a cross-section reduction rate of exceeding 80%, the edge cracks occur in the edges of the plate. Accordingly, it is desirable in the cold working to limit the cross-section reduction rate in 80% or less. However, if the intermediate annealing is conducted for the purpose of recovering the ductility of materials, the cold working may be performed in a condition that the cross-section reduction rate exceeds 80%.
-
- Using an arc melting furnace of plasma, a button ingot with a width of 50 mm, a thickness of 15 mm and a longitude of 80 mm was prepared. After the button ingot was heated at 850 °C, it was subjected to hot rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate with a thickness of 5 mm. After this hot-rolled plate was annealed at 750 °C for ten minutes, an oxide scale was removed by shot blast and acid pickling, and the surface was further machined to a thickness of 4mm by machining so as to prepare a material for the cold rolling. This material was subjected to the cold rolling to prepare a cold-rolled plate with a thickness of 2 mm. At this time, as an evaluation of cold-rolling property, presence of cracks in the edges on the surface of the cold-rolled plate was performed by visual observation.
- A plate with no cracks in the cold rolling was subjected to a heat treatment in an argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes, followed by cold rolling to a thickness of 1.5 mm, and again subjected to the heat treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes to provide a test specimen. From this test specimen, a plate type test piece with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a width of 12.5 mm in a parallel part was obtained so that the longitudinal direction of the test piece was in parallel to the rolling direction. The distance between gauge marks of this tensile test piece was set to be 20mm, and a tensile test was conducted at a test temperature of 800 °C and a tensile speed of 9 mm/min., so as to measure elongation at fracture.
- Table 1 shows chemical compositions of the cold-rolled plate, evaluations of cold rolling property and elongation at fracture.
-
[Table 1] No. Chemical composition (mass %, the balance being Ti and impurities) Cold rolling property evaluation Elongation at fracture Remarks Al V Zr Sn Fe Cr Cu Ni Veq Elongation (%) Evaluation 1 1.58* 5.08 - - - - - - 5.5 ○ 180 × Comparative example 2 2.05 4.96 - - - - - - 5.4 ○ 320 ○ Example of the present invention 3 3.00 4.98 - - - - - - 5.6 ○ 440 ○ Example of the present invention 4 3.96 4.90 - - - - - - 5.5 ○ 470 ○ Example of the present invention 5 4.20* 4.94 - - 0.24* - - - 5.8 × - - Comparative example 6 3.01 3.50* - - - - - - 4.1 ○ 160 × Comparative example 7 3.05 4 12 - - - - - - 4.8 ○ 295 ○ Example of the present invention 8 3.00 7.02 - - - - - - 7.7 ○ 400 ○ Example of the present invention 9 2.98 8.88 - - - - - - 9.4 ○ 320 ○ Example of the present invention 10 3.01 5.05 - - 0.50* - - - 6.9 ○ 355 ○ Comparative Example 11 3.03 4.98 - - 0.98* - - - 8.7 ○ 275 ○ Comparative Example 12 3.02 5.11 - - 1.20* - - - 9.6* ○ 150 × Comparative example 13 2.99 4.97 - - - 0.485 - - 6.3 ○ 335 ○ Example of the present invention 14 2.97 4.96 - - - 0.95 - - 7.2 ○ 300 ○ Example of the present invention 15 2.99 5.00 - - - 2.21* - - 9.6* × - - Comparative example 16 3.02 5.01 - - 0.50* 1.15* - - 9.1 × - - Comparative example 17 3.04 4.90 - - 0.88* 1.01* - - 10.2* ○ 125 × Comparative example 18 3.03 4.98 0.51 - - - - - 5.5 ○ 310 ○ Example of the present invention 19 3.00 5.03 0.95 - - - - - 5.6 ○ 335 ○ Example of the present invention 20 3.05 4.98 1.88 - - - - - 5.4 ○ 340 ○ Example of the present invention 21 3.00 5.01 - - 0.98* - - - 8.7 ○ 275 ○ Comparative Example 22 3.03 5.05 - - - - 0.05 - 5.6 ○ 420 ○ Example of the present invention 23 3.01 5.02 - - - - 0.98 - 5.6 ○ 435 ○ Example of the present invention 24 3.02 4.98 - - - - 1.13* - 5.6 × - - Comparative example 25 2.99 5.01 - - - - - 0.08 5.7 ○ 410 ○ Example of the present invention 26 3.00 5.03 - - - - - 0.75 5.7 ○ 405 ○ Example of the present invention 27 2.99 5.05 - - - - - 1.28* 5.6 × - - Comparative example 28 3.02 4.97 - 0.15 - - - - 5.6 ○ 425 ○ Example of the present invention 29 3.03 5.02 - 0.88 - - - - 5.7 ○ 430 ○ Example of the present invention 30 3.00 5.04 - 1.55 - - - - 5.7 ○ 440 ○ Example of the present invention 31 2.99 4.99 - 2.85 - - - - 5.6 ○ 400 ○ Example of the present invention 32 3.02 5.01 - 3.10* - - - - 5.6 × - - Comparative example 33 3.01 6.51 - - 0.90* - - - 9.9* ○ 170 × Comparative example 34 321 7.02 - - 0.51* 0.45 - - 9.8* ○ 165 × Comparative example 35 311 7.55 - - - 0.95 - 10.0* ○ 135 × Comparative example (1) [*] means outside of the range specified in the present invention
(2) [-] in the chemical composition means an impurity level, in which Fe is less than 0.20% and other than Fe is less than 0.01%.
(3) Examples with [×] in the cold rolling property had no tensile test conducted. - In the cold rolling property evaluation, a plate with no cracks is indicated as [○] and a plate with cracks is indicated as [×] when a cold-rolled plate with a thickness of 2 mm was prepared. Also, in the elongation at fracture, a plate of exceeding 200% in elongation at fracture is indicated as [○], and a plate of 200% or less in elongation at fracture is indicated as [×] when a tensile test was conducted at 800 °C.
- As shown in Table 1, alloys satisfying the chemical compositions specified in the present invention are capable of being cold rolled to obtain an excellent superplastic elongation.
- A material for cold rolling containing Al of 3.0%, V of 5.0% and the balance being Ti and impurities was prepared with a thickness of 4 mm in the same manner with Example 1.
- The material for cold rolling was subjected to a cold rolling in different cross-section reduction rates to prepare cold-rolled plates with thicknesses of 3.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm. After these cold-rolled plates were subjected to the heat treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes, a plate type test piece with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a width of 12.5 mm in a parallel part was obtained so that the longitudinal direction of the test piece was in parallel with the rolling direction. The distance between the gauge marks in this tensile test piece was set to 20 mm, and the tensile test was conducted at the test temperature of 800 °C and a tensile speed of 9 mm/min., so as to measure the elongation at fracture.
- Further, in order to examine the influence of a cross-section reduction rate to the superplasticity characteristics in the cold rolling after the intermediate annealing, the cold-rolled plate with a thickness of 2.0 mm was subjected to the heat treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes, followed by the cold rolling to a thickness of 1.5 mm or 1.0 mm, and again subjected to the hot treatment in the argon atmosphere at 700 °C for 30 minutes so as to prepare a test specimen. From this test specimen, the plate type test piece with the thickness of 1.0 mm and the width of 12.5mm in the parallel part was obtained, and the same tensile test as described above was conducted to measure the elongation at fracture. Table 2 shows the cross-section reduction rate and the elongations at fracture.
-
[Table 2] No. Before intermediate annealing After intermediate annealing Elongation rate at fracture (%) Plate thickness after cold rolling (mm) Cross-section reduction rate (%) Plate thickness after cold rolling (mm) Cross-section reduction rate (%) 36 3.50 12.5* - - 210 37 3.02 24.5* - - 240 38 2.47 38.3* - - 360 39 1.99 50.3 - - 470 40 1.51 62.3 - - 485 41 2.02 49.5 1.52 24.8 440 42 2.03 49.3 1.05 48.3 425 *Outside the scope of invention - The titanium alloy of the present invention has the sufficient cold workability as well as the excellent superplasticity characteristics. Accordingly, it is possible to easily prepare the coil by the cold rolling, and also to manufacture a material for a super-plastic application having a uniform distribution in a plate thickness. Therefore, the titanium alloy thin plates can be easily manufactured at a low cost, allowing the expansion of the application field for the titanium alloy thin plates.
Claims (3)
- A cold rolled titanium alloy plate consisting of, by mass %, Al of 2.0 to 4.0%, V of 4.0 to 9.0%, Zr of not more than 2.0%, Sn of not more than 3.0% and optionally further containing one or more elements selected from Fe of 0.20 to 1.0%, Cr of 0.01 to 1.0%, Cu of 0.01 to 1.0% and Ni of 0.01 to 1.0% and the balance being Ti and impurities, wherein Veq obtained by the following equation (1) is in a range of 4.0 to 9.5:
wherein the symbol of an element on the right side of the equation (1) means the content of the element by mass %,
wherein the cold rolled titanium alloy plate is obtainable by subjecting the titanium alloy to cold working at a cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more. - A cold rolled titanium alloy plate according to claim 1 containing at least 0.2% Sn.
- A method for manufacturing a cold rolled titanium alloy plate according to claim 1 or claim 2, which comprises subjecting a titanium alloy having the composition set out in claim 1 or claim 2 to a cold working at a cross-section reduction rate of 40% or more.
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DE102007040132A1 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-02-26 | Gfe Fremat Gmbh | Process for producing tapes or films of TiAl6V4 |
KR20120031065A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-03-29 | 보르그워너 인코퍼레이티드 | Fatigue resistant cast titanium alloy articles |
CN102230097B (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-06-27 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Preparation method of titanium alloy bars |
CN104520456A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2015-04-15 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Titanium alloy material |
CN105779818B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-10-10 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of high-strength and high ductility beta titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN106319282B (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2018-05-25 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of low cost, high-ductility, seawater corrosion resistance titanium alloy |
RU2606677C1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-01-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Titanium-based alloy (versions) and article made therefrom |
CN105668886B (en) * | 2016-04-16 | 2018-04-06 | 黄其江 | Lightweight Miniature seawater desalination device |
CN107779669B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-09-22 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Titanium alloy for processing pressure pipe and preparation method thereof |
CN107779670B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-12-29 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | High-precision titanium alloy plate and preparation method thereof |
US10913991B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2021-02-09 | Ati Properties Llc | High temperature titanium alloys |
US11001909B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2021-05-11 | Ati Properties Llc | High strength titanium alloys |
CN108893630B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | 燕山大学 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-resistant erosion titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN108950302B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | 中鼎特金秦皇岛科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-resistant erosion titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
US11268179B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2022-03-08 | Ati Properties Llc | Creep resistant titanium alloys |
CN109082561A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-25 | 燕山大学 | A kind of high-ductility titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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US2754204A (en) * | 1954-12-31 | 1956-07-10 | Rem Cru Titanium Inc | Titanium base alloys |
US2868640A (en) * | 1955-01-11 | 1959-01-13 | British Non Ferrous Metals Res | Titanium alloys |
US2804409A (en) | 1956-02-06 | 1957-08-27 | Titanium Metals Corp | Heat treating titanium-base alloy products |
US2893864A (en) * | 1958-02-04 | 1959-07-07 | Harris Geoffrey Thomas | Titanium base alloys |
US3492172A (en) * | 1966-11-09 | 1970-01-27 | Titanium Metals Corp | Method for producing titanium strip |
US4299626A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1981-11-10 | Rockwell International Corporation | Titanium base alloy for superplastic forming |
US4595413A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1986-06-17 | Occidental Research Corporation | Group IVb transition metal based metal and processes for the production thereof |
JPS62284060A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of hot rolled titanium alloy plate |
CN1031569A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-03-08 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | High-strength, high-tenacity titanium alloy |
JPH04301044A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | High toughness titanium alloy capable of cold working |
JPH05117791A (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | High strength and high toughness cold workable titanium alloy |
JP3083225B2 (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 2000-09-04 | オリエント時計株式会社 | Manufacturing method of titanium alloy decorative article and watch exterior part |
US5980655A (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1999-11-09 | Oremet-Wah Chang | Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys and products made therefrom |
JP4304425B2 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2009-07-29 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Cold rolled titanium alloy sheet and method for producing cold rolled titanium alloy sheet |
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