EP1770197B1 - Washing machine for washing laundry - Google Patents

Washing machine for washing laundry Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1770197B1
EP1770197B1 EP06026891A EP06026891A EP1770197B1 EP 1770197 B1 EP1770197 B1 EP 1770197B1 EP 06026891 A EP06026891 A EP 06026891A EP 06026891 A EP06026891 A EP 06026891A EP 1770197 B1 EP1770197 B1 EP 1770197B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
driver
flank
drum
laundry
part region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP06026891A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1770197A1 (en
Inventor
Horst Neusser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electrolux Home Products Corp NV
Original Assignee
Electrolux Home Products Corp NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electrolux Home Products Corp NV filed Critical Electrolux Home Products Corp NV
Publication of EP1770197A1 publication Critical patent/EP1770197A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1770197B1 publication Critical patent/EP1770197B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/04—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • D06F37/06—Ribs, lifters, or rubbing means forming part of the receptacle
    • D06F37/065—Ribs, lifters, or rubbing means forming part of the receptacle ribs or lifters having means for circulating the washing liquid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/04—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • D06F37/06—Ribs, lifters, or rubbing means forming part of the receptacle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a washing machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Laundry is usually washed in households but also in launderettes in washing machines, which have a rotatable, the laundry receiving drum.
  • the washing process is also decisively influenced by mechanical processing of the laundry item.
  • the drum on its drum shell in particular rib-shaped driver, which raise the laundry items during the rotational movement of the laundry drum until it releases from the entraining him rib and falls down to be raised again by the subsequent driving rib.
  • the laundry item completes a rotary movement about a rotational axis passing through it.
  • the duration of a washing program depends essentially not only on the amount and concentration of the added detergent but also on the intensity of the washing mechanism.
  • the DE 19860529 shows an asymmetrical design of driver ribs, which enhances turbulence of the laundry around the drum axis and increases or decreases the mechanical impact, depending on the size of the ribs.
  • the Japanese script JP 10 235075A relies on driving ribs, which moves the laundry pieces reinforced from the drum front side to the drum rear side and vice versa, ie that the laundry is swirled in addition to the rotational movement about the drum axis in the axial direction.
  • the ribs are also attached to the drum bottom or drum lid.
  • the WO00 / 75411 includes helical driving ribs, which provide improved fluid action in addition to improved fluidization of the laundry by a more uniform liquid wetting is achieved by means of introduced fluid openings and a slight drip tilt.
  • JP 07 024178 A inclined Mit Economics known each having two edges, the are arranged at the same angle to the rib tip whose steepness relative to the drum shell surface remains constant over its axial extent and only the ground contact surface trapezoidal together, which is caused by a changing rib height.
  • the DE 40 21 533 has radially extending carrier, which in addition to the or the front sides of the laundry drum mounted projections which provide for a better axial laundry movement or allow a better drying process.
  • the U.S. Patent 5,371,956 has a crescent-shaped rib, which shifts the laundry by the symmetrical attachment of the laundry drum, from the end faces of the drum in the middle of the drum, which in addition to the rotational movement about the drum longitudinal axis, also produces a rotational movement perpendicular to the lateral surface of the drum.
  • the invention has a special fastening of the rib on the drum shell.
  • an increased mechanical action is exerted on the laundry. This is achieved by the laundry in the laundry drum, which extends in a depth direction, viewed higher than the drum depth in a depth range is raised higher than in another depth range.
  • the laundry item is not only caused to a rolling motion, but it also takes place in addition to twisting the Wäschepostens, which causes an additional mechanical impact on the laundry.
  • a washing machine which performs this increased mechanics is characterized in that at least one driver for at least partially circulating the laundry is arranged in a rotating cylindrical drum on the drum casing, said driver being up to and from its bottom surface via which it is coupled to the drum casing its spaced from the drum shell top surface or upper edge, wherein the top surface or top edge over its length considered at least two different angular ranges associated with each projection on the drum rear wall.
  • the coherent laundry item is raised more than in the rear region of the drum when the upper edge of the driver travels in the rear region of the upper edge of the driver in the front region during the rotational movement of the drum.
  • the driver is integrally formed and, according to the Erfingung on an upper edge or top surface, which has an S-shape or Z-shape.
  • Such a design of the driver has any advantages during assembly just because of the one-piece.
  • Another advantage is that with each driver results in a over a particularly large angular range extending support surface on the drum shell, so that the drum is particularly well stiffened.
  • a cost reduction by reducing the thickness of the sheet material used can be achieved.
  • the bottom surface of the driver is at least approximately rectangular or has an approximately rectangular basic shape with rounded short sides, so that there is a sufficient contact surface for secure attachment to the drum shell and that the driver up to its top surface or top edge rejuvenated.
  • the three-dimensional design of such a driver is comparable to a mountain range having a rectangular valley area and an S- or Z-shaped ridge.
  • a further shortening of the washing time can be achieved in that the driver has a first flank and a second flank opposite the first flank, wherein the first flank follows at least in a partial region of the driver length a rising straight line or a rising curved curve and the second flank at least lies in a portion of the driver length perpendicular to the drum shell. If the vertical flank lies in the direction of rotation in the back, this steep drop in the rear of the driver results in swirling of the washing liquid, whereby water swirled in such a way also acts mechanically on the laundry and, moreover, improves its flow when the laundry is rinsed.
  • the different design of the first and the second edge also has an influence on the entrainment effect of the respective driver area.
  • the entrainment of the laundry costs significantly lower.
  • it is particularly favorable and particularly conducive to increasing the mechanical action when the laundry item encounters an oblique edge in the region of the leading upper edge or cover surface, while a steep flank is present in the region of the trailing upper edge or cover surface.
  • the batch of laundry dissolves from the leading upper edge or top surface even earlier and the twisting of the laundry item is even more pronounced.
  • the washing mechanism can be further improved in the course of one revolution by means of an optionally multiple twisting direction. This is achieved by changing the sign of the offset of the top surface or top edge regions in the case of at least two drivers connected in series.
  • FIG. 1 a laundry receiving drum 1 of a washing machine is shown in sectional view.
  • the drum 1 has at its approximately cylindrical drum shell 2 on three equally spaced apart, such as rib-shaped carrier 3, which protrude into the drum interior and partially wrap the laundry or lift in a higher position.
  • the drum 1 is rotatable about an approximately horizontal axis of rotation A, wherein the drum 1 is alternately rotated in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction.
  • the drivers 3 have, as in the FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown as a first embodiment, a first edge 4 and a first flank 4 opposite second edge 5, which are formed in each case partially concave or inwardly arched.
  • the first flank 4 comprises a front region 4a which is associated with the drum end wall 9 and which is concave, and a rear region 4b which is associated with the drum rear wall 10 and which is planar and is arranged substantially perpendicular to the drum shell 2.
  • a transition region 8 is formed, in which the concave portion 4a continuously merges into the newly shaped portion 4b.
  • the second flank 5 is formed in such a way that the front, concave region 4a of the first flank 4 is opposed by a front, flat-shaped region 5a which is positioned approximately perpendicularly to the drum casing 2.
  • the rear, flat-shaped region 4b of the first flank 4 faces a rear, concavely formed region 5b of the second flank 5.
  • the newly shaped region 5a continuously merges into the concave region 5b.
  • the first flank 4 and the second flank 5 adjoin a surface-formed apex region 6, which extends substantially over the length L of the driver 3.
  • the apex region 6 is positioned eccentrically above the base of the driver 3 lying on the drum shell 2 in accordance with the predominantly asymmetrical cross section of the driver 3 at the front regions 4a and 5a and at the rear regions 4b and 5b, and bent approximately S-shaped in the transition region 8.
  • the apex region 6 is provided with openings 7 to deliver the washing liquid received by the driver 3 at the highest possible position on the laundry.
  • the batch of laundry handled with the driver 3 according to the invention is subjected to an increased mechanical treatment. This happens because of the over the entire Drum depth extending laundry items is raised by the driver 3 different levels.
  • the laundry item transported by the front driver half strikes the concave flank area 4a present there.
  • the Mitauerflanken Scheme 4a has due to its concave shape training poor driving characteristics, since such education acts as a kind of slide for the laundry items.
  • the front laundry item part is thus not raised as much as the rear laundry item part, which meets the perpendicular to the drum surface edge portion 4b.
  • the driving behavior of the driver 3, which differs to a great extent in the front and in the rear region of the laundry drum 1, causes the laundry item to fall off at different times, so that the laundry item is twisted in its entirety and thus processed more mechanically than when the flank is uniformly formed over the entire driver length ,
  • washing machines are operated in reversing operation, ie with changing drum rotation direction, wherein in each direction of rotation in each case a steeply sloping drum edge region 4b or 5a is present.
  • the turbulence of the washing liquid is due to the fact that the steeply sloping edge region 4b or 5a is located at the back of the driver 3 according to the direction of rotation of the drum and the washing liquid flooding the carrier 3 has a trailing edge between vertex 6 and steep flank region 4b and 5a, respectively, which stops this swirling effect.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Waschmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a washing machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Wäsche wird in Haushalten aber auch in Waschsalons üblicherweise in Waschmaschinen gewaschen, die eine drehbare, die Wäsche aufnehmende Trommel aufweisen. Der Waschvorgang wird neben Zugabe von Reinigungsmitteln in eine Waschflüssigkeit maßgeblich auch durch eine mechanische Bearbeitung des Wäschepostens beeinflusst. Zu diesem Zweck weist die Trommel an ihrem Trommelmantel insbesondere rippenförmige Mitnehmer auf, die bei der Drehbewegung der Wäschetrommel den Wäscheposten anheben, bis er sich von der ihn mitnehmenden Rippe löst und nach unten fällt, um von der nachfolgende Mitnehmerrippe erneut angehoben zu werden. Teilweise vollzieht der Wäscheposten dabei eine Drehbewegung um eine ihn durchlaufende Drehachse. Die Dauer eines Waschprogrammes hängt wesentlich nicht nur von der Menge und Konzentration des zugegebenen Reinigungsmittels sondern auch von der Intensität der Waschmechanik ab.Laundry is usually washed in households but also in launderettes in washing machines, which have a rotatable, the laundry receiving drum. In addition to the addition of cleaning agents to a washing liquid, the washing process is also decisively influenced by mechanical processing of the laundry item. For this purpose, the drum on its drum shell in particular rib-shaped driver, which raise the laundry items during the rotational movement of the laundry drum until it releases from the entraining him rib and falls down to be raised again by the subsequent driving rib. In part, the laundry item completes a rotary movement about a rotational axis passing through it. The duration of a washing program depends essentially not only on the amount and concentration of the added detergent but also on the intensity of the washing mechanism.

Derartige Waschmaschinen mit rippenförmigen Mitnehmern sind insbesondere aus folgenden Dokumenten bekannt:

  • Das französische Patent Nr. 1136981 wird als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen und zeigt dabei Mitnehmerrippen, die durch ihre spiralförmige Anbringung am Trommelmantel eine Verdrehbewegung der Wäschestücke in vertikaler und horizontaler Achse gegenüber der Trommeldrehbewegung erwirkt. Dabei sind die Mitnehmerrippen in ihrem Querschnitt symmetrisch aufgebaut und am gekrümmten Trommelmantel über größere Winkelbereiche in radialer und tangentialer Ausrichtung miteinander verbunden.
Such washing machines with rib-shaped drivers are known in particular from the following documents:
  • French patent no. 1136981 is considered to be the closest prior art and shows this driving ribs, which by their spiral attachment to the drum shell a twisting movement of the laundry items in the vertical and horizontal axis relative to the drum rotation. In this case, the driving ribs are constructed symmetrically in their cross section and connected to the curved drum shell over larger angular ranges in radial and tangential alignment.

Die DE 19860529 zeigt eine asymmetrische Gestaltung von Mitnehmerrippen auf, die eine Verwirbelung der Wäschestücke um die Trommelachse herum verstärkt und die mechanische Einwirkung, je nach Größe der Rippen, vergrößert oder verkleinert.The DE 19860529 shows an asymmetrical design of driver ribs, which enhances turbulence of the laundry around the drum axis and increases or decreases the mechanical impact, depending on the size of the ribs.

Die japanische Schrift JP 10 235075A stützt sich auf Mitnehmerrippen, die die Wäschestücke verstärkt von der Trommelvorderseite zur Trommelrückseite und umgekehrt verschiebt, d.h. dass die Wäsche neben der Drehbewegung um die Trommelachse herum auch in axialer Richtung verwirbelt wird. Die Rippen sind hierfür auch auf dem Trommelboden oder Trommeldeckel befestigt.The Japanese script JP 10 235075A relies on driving ribs, which moves the laundry pieces reinforced from the drum front side to the drum rear side and vice versa, ie that the laundry is swirled in addition to the rotational movement about the drum axis in the axial direction. The ribs are also attached to the drum bottom or drum lid.

Das US-Patent 2,573,103 beschreibt eine bestimmte Anordnung zwischen innenliegenden Rippen in Kombination mit einer Trommelöffnungstür, die zu einer verstärkten Wäschebewegung bei rotierender Trommel führt.The U.S. Patent 2,573,103 describes a particular arrangement between internal ribs in combination with a drum opening door, which leads to an increased laundry movement with rotating drum.

Die WO00/75411 beinhaltet schraubenförmig verlaufende Mitnehmerrippen, die neben einer verbesserten Verwirbelung der Wäsche für eine verbesserte Flüssigkeitseinwirkung sorgen, indem mittels eingebrachter Flüssigkeitsöffnungen und einer leichten TrommeLschrägstellung eine gleichmäßigere Flüssigkeitsbenetzung erreicht wird.The WO00 / 75411 includes helical driving ribs, which provide improved fluid action in addition to improved fluidization of the laundry by a more uniform liquid wetting is achieved by means of introduced fluid openings and a slight drip tilt.

Desweiteren sind aus JP 07 024178 A schräggestellte Mitnehmerrippen bekannt, die je zwei Flanken aufweisen, die unter dem gleichen Winkel zur Rippenspitze angeordnet sind, deren Steilheit gegenüber der Trommelmantelfläche im Verlauf ihrer axialen Erstreckung konstant bleibt und nur die Bodenkontaktfläche trapezförmig zusammen läuft, was durch eine sich ändernde Rippenhöhe hervorgerufen wird.Furthermore are out JP 07 024178 A inclined Mitnehmerrippen known, each having two edges, the are arranged at the same angle to the rib tip whose steepness relative to the drum shell surface remains constant over its axial extent and only the ground contact surface trapezoidal together, which is caused by a changing rib height.

Die DE 40 21 533 weist radial verlaufende Mitnehmer auf, die zusätzlich an der oder den Stirnseiten der Wäschetrommel angebrachte Vorsprünge aufweisen, die für eine bessere axiale Wäschebewegung sorgen bzw. einen besseren Trocknungsvorgang erlauben.The DE 40 21 533 has radially extending carrier, which in addition to the or the front sides of the laundry drum mounted projections which provide for a better axial laundry movement or allow a better drying process.

Das US-Patent 5,371,956 weist eine sichelförmige Rippe auf, die durch die symmetrische Anbringung die Wäsche, unter vorliegender Drehbewegung der Wäschetrommel, von den Stirnseiten der Trommel in die Trommelmitte verschiebt, wodurch neben der Drehbewegung um die Trommellängsachse, auch eine Drehbewegung senkrecht zur Mantelfläche der Trommel entsteht. Darüber hinaus weist die Erfindung eine spezielle Befestigungsart von der Rippe am Trommelmantel auf.The U.S. Patent 5,371,956 has a crescent-shaped rib, which shifts the laundry by the symmetrical attachment of the laundry drum, from the end faces of the drum in the middle of the drum, which in addition to the rotational movement about the drum longitudinal axis, also produces a rotational movement perpendicular to the lateral surface of the drum. In addition, the invention has a special fastening of the rib on the drum shell.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Waschmaschine so zu gestalten, dass eine sichere Befestigung des Mitnehmers am Trommelmantel gewährleistet ist.It is an object of the invention to design a washing machine so that a secure attachment of the driver is ensured on the drum shell.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit dem kennzeichnenden Merkmal des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Waschmaschine sind in den von Patentanspruch 1 abhängigen Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved with the characterizing feature of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the washing machine are specified in the dependent claims of claim 1.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird auf die Wäsche eine erhöhte mechanische Einwirkung ausgeübt. Dies wird dadurch erzielt, dass die Wäsche in der Wäschetrommel, welche sich in einer Tiefenrichtung erstreckt, über die Trommeltiefe betrachtet in einem Tiefenbereich höher angehoben wird als in einem anderen Tiefenbereich. Auf diese Weise wird der Wäscheposten nicht lediglich zu einer Wälzbewegung veranlasst, es findet vielmehr zusätzlich ein Verwinden des Wäschepostens statt, was einen zusätzlichen mechanischen Einfluss auf die Wäsche verursacht.According to the invention, an increased mechanical action is exerted on the laundry. This is achieved by the laundry in the laundry drum, which extends in a depth direction, viewed higher than the drum depth in a depth range is raised higher than in another depth range. In this way, the laundry item is not only caused to a rolling motion, but it also takes place in addition to twisting the Wäschepostens, which causes an additional mechanical impact on the laundry.

Eine diese erhöhte Mechanik ausübende Waschmaschine ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer rotierenden zylindrischen Trommel an deren Trommelmantel wenigstens ein Mitnehmer zum zumindest teilweisen Umführen der Wäsche angeordnet ist, wobei dieser Mitnehmer sich von seiner Bodenfläche, über welche er an dem Trommelmantel angekoppelt ist, bis zu seiner vom Trommelmantel beabstandeten Deckfläche oder Oberkante erstreckt, wobei die Deckfläche oder Oberkante über ihre Länge betrachtet wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Winkelbereichen bei jeweiliger Projektion auf die Trommelrückwand zugeordnet ist. Somit wird beispielsweise im vorderen Bereich der Trommel der zusammenhängende Wäscheposten stärker angehoben, als im hinteren Bereich der Trommel, wenn bei der Drehbewegung der Trommel die Oberkante des Mitnehmers im hinteren Bereich der Oberkante des Mitnehmers im vorderen Bereich nachläuft.A washing machine which performs this increased mechanics is characterized in that at least one driver for at least partially circulating the laundry is arranged in a rotating cylindrical drum on the drum casing, said driver being up to and from its bottom surface via which it is coupled to the drum casing its spaced from the drum shell top surface or upper edge, wherein the top surface or top edge over its length considered at least two different angular ranges associated with each projection on the drum rear wall. Thus, for example, in the front region of the drum, the coherent laundry item is raised more than in the rear region of the drum when the upper edge of the driver travels in the rear region of the upper edge of the driver in the front region during the rotational movement of the drum.

Vorzugsweise ist der Mitnehmer jedoch einstückig ausgebildet und weist gemäß der Erfingung eine Oberkante oder Deckfläche auf, die eine S-Form oder Z-Form hat. Eine solche Ausbildung des Mitnehmers hat jedenfalls Vorteile bei der Montage gerade wegen der Einstückigkeit. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass sich bei jedem Mitnehmer eine über einen besonders großen Winkelbereich sich erstreckende Auflagefläche auf dem Trommelmantel ergibt, so dass die Trommel besonders gut versteift wird. Damit kann auch eine Kostenreduzierung durch Reduzierung der Dicke des verwendeten Blechmaterials erreicht werden.Preferably, however, the driver is integrally formed and, according to the Erfingung on an upper edge or top surface, which has an S-shape or Z-shape. Such a design of the driver has any advantages during assembly just because of the one-piece. Another advantage is that with each driver results in a over a particularly large angular range extending support surface on the drum shell, so that the drum is particularly well stiffened. Thus, a cost reduction by reducing the thickness of the sheet material used can be achieved.

Die Erfindung sieht nun vor, dass die Bodenfläche des Mitnehmers wenigstens annähernd rechteckig ist oder eine annähernd rechteckige Grundform mit abgerundeten kurzen Seiten aufweist, so dass für eine sichere Befestigung am Trommelmantel eine ausreichende Auflagefläche vorliegt und dass der Mitnehmer sich bis zu seiner Deckfläche bzw. Oberkante verjüngt. In der dreidimensionalen Ausbildung ist ein solcher Mitnehmer mit einem Gebirgszug vergleichbar, der einen rechteckigen Talbereich und einen S- bzw. Z-förmigen Gebirgskamm aufweist.The invention now provides that the bottom surface of the driver is at least approximately rectangular or has an approximately rectangular basic shape with rounded short sides, so that there is a sufficient contact surface for secure attachment to the drum shell and that the driver up to its top surface or top edge rejuvenated. In the three-dimensional design of such a driver is comparable to a mountain range having a rectangular valley area and an S- or Z-shaped ridge.

Eine weitergehende Verkürzung der Waschzeit kann dadurch erzielt werden, dass der Mitnehmer eine erste Flanke und eine der ersten Flanke gegenüberliegende zweite Flanke aufweist, wobei die erste Flanke wenigstens in einem Teilbereich der Mitnehmerlänge einer ansteigenden Gerade oder einer ansteigenden gekrümmten Kurve folgt und die zweite Flanke wenigstens in einem Teilbereich der Mitnehmerlänge senkrecht zum Trommelmantel liegt. Ist die senkrechte Flanke in Drehrichtung hinten liegend, so führt dieser steile Abfall der Mitnehmer-Rückseite zu einer Verwirbelung der Waschflüssigkeit, wobei derart verwirbeltes Wasser ebenfalls verstärkt mechanisch auf die Wäsche einwirkt und darüber hinaus beim Spülen der Wäsche deren Durchflutung verbessert.A further shortening of the washing time can be achieved in that the driver has a first flank and a second flank opposite the first flank, wherein the first flank follows at least in a partial region of the driver length a rising straight line or a rising curved curve and the second flank at least lies in a portion of the driver length perpendicular to the drum shell. If the vertical flank lies in the direction of rotation in the back, this steep drop in the rear of the driver results in swirling of the washing liquid, whereby water swirled in such a way also acts mechanically on the laundry and, moreover, improves its flow when the laundry is rinsed.

Da während des Waschvorganges die Wäschetrommel üblicherweise mehrfach ihre Drehrichtung ändert, ist es besonders günstig, wenn bei der S-förmig oder Z-förmig ausgebildeten Oberkante oder Deckfläche des Mitnehmers im Verlauf dieser S- bzw. Z-Form die erste und die zweite Flanke ihre Ausrichtungen tauschen. Auf diese Weise weist der Mitnehmer in jeder Drehrichtung teilweise eine steil ausgebildete Rückseite für diesen Verwirbelungsvorgang auf.Since during the washing process, the laundry drum usually repeatedly changes its direction of rotation, it is particularly advantageous if the S-shaped or Z-shaped upper edge or top surface of the driver in the course of this S or Z shape, the first and the second edge of their Swap alignments. In this way, the driver in each direction partially on a steep back for this Verwirbelungsvorgang.

Die unterschiedliche Ausbildung der ersten und der zweiten Flanke hat auch einen Einfluss auf den Mitnahmeeffekt des jeweiligen Mitnehmerbereiches. Bei einer schräg ausgebildeten Flanke ist die Mitnahme des Wäschepostens deutlich geringer gegeben. Aus diese Grund ist es besonders günstig und der Erhöhung der mechanischen Einwirkung besonders zuträglich, wenn im Bereich der vorlaufenden Oberkante bzw. Deckfläche der Wäscheposten auf eine schräge Kante trifft, während im Bereich der nachlaufenden Oberkante bzw. Deckfläche eine steile Flanke vorliegt. Somit löst sich der Wäscheposten von der vorlaufenden Oberkante bzw. Deckfläche noch früher und die Verwindung des Wäschepostens ist noch deutlicher ausgeprägt.The different design of the first and the second edge also has an influence on the entrainment effect of the respective driver area. In an obliquely formed flank, the entrainment of the laundry costs significantly lower. For this reason, it is particularly favorable and particularly conducive to increasing the mechanical action when the laundry item encounters an oblique edge in the region of the leading upper edge or cover surface, while a steep flank is present in the region of the trailing upper edge or cover surface. Thus, the batch of laundry dissolves from the leading upper edge or top surface even earlier and the twisting of the laundry item is even more pronounced.

Sind, wie allgemein üblich, in einer Wäschetrommel mehrere Mitnehmer umfasst, so kann im Verlauf einer Umdrehung durch eine ggf. mehrfach wechselnde Verwindungsrichtung die Waschmechanik weiter verbessert werden. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass bei wenigstens zwei hintereinander geschalteten Mitnehmern das Vorzeichen des Versatzes der Deckflächen- oder Oberkantenbereiche wechselt.If, as is generally customary, a plurality of drivers are included in a laundry drum, then the washing mechanism can be further improved in the course of one revolution by means of an optionally multiple twisting direction. This is achieved by changing the sign of the offset of the top surface or top edge regions in the case of at least two drivers connected in series.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend, auch hinsichtlich weiterer Merkmale und Vorteile, anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles und unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will hereinafter, also with regard to further features and advantages, based on an embodiment and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hierbei zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer die Wäsche aufnehmenden Trommel einer erfindungsgemäßen Waschmaschine in Schnittansicht,
Figur 2
eine Schnittansicht eines Mitnehmers,
Figur 3
eine Draufsicht auf den Mitnehmer in Richtung der Pfeile III von Figur 1
Hereby show:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a laundry receiving drum of a washing machine according to the invention in sectional view,
FIG. 2
a sectional view of a driver,
FIG. 3
a plan view of the driver in the direction of the arrows III of FIG. 1

In FIG 1 ist eine die Wäsche aufnehmende Trommel 1 einer Waschmaschine in Schnittansicht gezeigt. Die Trommel 1 weist an ihrem etwa zylinderförmigen Trommelmantel 2 drei gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandete, etwa rippenförmige Mitnehmer 3 auf, die in den Trommelinnenraum vorstehen und die Wäsche teilweise umführen bzw. in eine höhere Position heben. Die Trommel 1 ist um eine etwa horizontale Drehachse A drehbar, wobei die Trommel 1 wechselweise im Uhrzeigersinn und entgegengesetzt zum Uhrzeigersinn gedreht wird.In FIG. 1 a laundry receiving drum 1 of a washing machine is shown in sectional view. The drum 1 has at its approximately cylindrical drum shell 2 on three equally spaced apart, such as rib-shaped carrier 3, which protrude into the drum interior and partially wrap the laundry or lift in a higher position. The drum 1 is rotatable about an approximately horizontal axis of rotation A, wherein the drum 1 is alternately rotated in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction.

Die Mitnehmer 3 weisen, wie in den FIG 2 und 3 als eine erste Ausbildungsform gezeigt ist, eine erste Flanke 4 und eine der ersten Flanke 4 gegenüberliegende zweite Flanke 5 auf, die jeweils bereichsweise konkav bzw. nach innen gewölbt ausgebildet sind. Im konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den FIG 1 bis 3 umfasst die erste Flanke 4 einen vorderen, der Trommelstirnwand 9 zugeordneten Bereich 4a, der konkav ausgebildet ist, sowie einen hinteren, der Trommelrückwand 10 zugeordneten Bereich 4b, der eben geformt ist und im wesentlichen senkrecht auf dem Trommelmantel 2 angeordnet ist. Etwa bei der Hälfte der Länge L des Mitnehmers 3 ist ein Übergangsbereich 8 gebildet, bei dem der konkav ausgebildete Bereich 4a kontinuierlich in den eben geformten Bereich 4b übergeht. Die zweite Flanke 5 ist derart ausgebildet, dass dem vorderen, konkav ausgebildeten Bereich 4a der ersten Flanke 4 ein vorderer, eben geformter und etwa senkrecht auf dem Trommelmantel 2 positionierter Bereich 5a gegenüberliegt. In entsprechender Weise liegt dem hinteren, eben geformten Bereich 4b der ersten Flanke 4 ein hinterer, konkav ausgebildeter Bereich 5b der zweiten Flanke 5 gegenüber. Im Übergangsbereich 8 geht der eben geformte Bereich 5a kontinuierlich in den konkav ausgebildeten Bereich 5b über. Durch die oben beschriebene wechselweise bzw. wechselseitige Anordnung der konkav ausgebildeten Bereiche 4a, 5b und der eben geformten Bereiche 4b, 5a wird ein verhältnismäßig schmaler Mitnehmer 3 erhalten, dessen Breite über die gesamte Länge L im wesentlichen konstant ist.The drivers 3 have, as in the FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown as a first embodiment, a first edge 4 and a first flank 4 opposite second edge 5, which are formed in each case partially concave or inwardly arched. In the concrete embodiment according to the 1 to 3 The first flank 4 comprises a front region 4a which is associated with the drum end wall 9 and which is concave, and a rear region 4b which is associated with the drum rear wall 10 and which is planar and is arranged substantially perpendicular to the drum shell 2. About half of the length L of the driver 3, a transition region 8 is formed, in which the concave portion 4a continuously merges into the newly shaped portion 4b. The second flank 5 is formed in such a way that the front, concave region 4a of the first flank 4 is opposed by a front, flat-shaped region 5a which is positioned approximately perpendicularly to the drum casing 2. In a corresponding manner, the rear, flat-shaped region 4b of the first flank 4 faces a rear, concavely formed region 5b of the second flank 5. In the transition region 8, the newly shaped region 5a continuously merges into the concave region 5b. As a result of the above-described alternation or mutual arrangement of the concave regions 4a, 5b and the flat-shaped regions 4b, 5a, a relatively narrow carrier 3 is obtained whose width is essentially constant over the entire length L.

Die erste Flanke 4 und die zweite Flanke 5 grenzen an einen flächig ausgebildeten Scheitelbereich 6 an, der sich im wesentlichen über die Länge L des Mitnehmers 3 erstreckt. Der Scheitelbereich 6 ist entsprechend dem überwiegend asymmetrischen Querschnitt des Mitnehmers 3 an den vorderen Bereichen 4a und 5a sowie an den hinteren Bereichen 4b und 5b außermittig über der am Trommelmantel 2 liegenden Basis des Mitnehmers 3 positioniert und im Übergangsbereich 8 etwa S-förmig gebogen. Der Scheitelbereich 6 ist mit Öffnungen 7 versehen, um die vom Mitnehmer 3 aufgenommene Waschflüssigkeit an der höchstmöglichen Position auf die Wäsche abzugeben. Der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Mitnehmer 3 umgeführte Wäscheposten wird einer verstärkten mechanischen Behandlung ausgesetzt. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass der über die gesamte Trommeltiefe sich erstreckende Wäscheposten durch den Mitnehmer 3 unterschiedlich stark angehoben wird. Der von der vorderen Mitnehmerhälfte transportierte Wäschepostenteil trifft auf den dort vorhandenen konkaven Flankenbereich 4a. Der Mitnehmerflankenbereich 4a weist durch seine konkave Ausbildungsform schlechte Mitnehmereigenschaften auf, da eine solche Ausbildung gleichsam als Rutsche für den Wäscheposten wirkt. Der vordere Wäschepostenteil wird somit nicht so stark angehoben, wie der hintere Wäschepostenteil, der auf den senkrecht zur Trommeloberfläche stehenden Flankenbereich 4b trifft. Das im vorderen und im hinteren Bereich der Wäschetrommel 1 unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte Mitnahmeverhalten der Mitnehmers 3 bewirkt ein Abfallen des Wäschepostens zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten, so dass der Wäscheposten insgesamt in sich verwunden und damit stärker mechanisch bearbeitet wird als bei einer über die gesamte Mitnehmerlänge gleichförmig ausgebildeten Flanke.The first flank 4 and the second flank 5 adjoin a surface-formed apex region 6, which extends substantially over the length L of the driver 3. The apex region 6 is positioned eccentrically above the base of the driver 3 lying on the drum shell 2 in accordance with the predominantly asymmetrical cross section of the driver 3 at the front regions 4a and 5a and at the rear regions 4b and 5b, and bent approximately S-shaped in the transition region 8. The apex region 6 is provided with openings 7 to deliver the washing liquid received by the driver 3 at the highest possible position on the laundry. The batch of laundry handled with the driver 3 according to the invention is subjected to an increased mechanical treatment. This happens because of the over the entire Drum depth extending laundry items is raised by the driver 3 different levels. The laundry item transported by the front driver half strikes the concave flank area 4a present there. The Mitnehmerflankenbereich 4a has due to its concave shape training poor driving characteristics, since such education acts as a kind of slide for the laundry items. The front laundry item part is thus not raised as much as the rear laundry item part, which meets the perpendicular to the drum surface edge portion 4b. The driving behavior of the driver 3, which differs to a great extent in the front and in the rear region of the laundry drum 1, causes the laundry item to fall off at different times, so that the laundry item is twisted in its entirety and thus processed more mechanically than when the flank is uniformly formed over the entire driver length ,

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figuren 1 bis 3 erfolgt eine ausgeprägte Behandlung der Wäsche mit verwirbelter Waschflüssigkeit. Diese besondere Verwirbelung der Waschflüssigkeit ergibt sich am steil abfallenden Flankenbereich 4b bzw. 5a, je nachdem, welche Drehrichtung die Trommel 1 aufweist. Üblicherweise werden Waschmaschinen im Reversierbetrieb, d. h. mit wechselnder Trommeldrehrichtung, betrieben, wobei in jeder Drehrichtung jeweils ein steil abfallender Trommelflankenbereich 4b bzw 5a vorliegt. Die Verwirbelung der Waschflüssigkeit kommt dadurch zustande, dass der steil abfallende Flankenbereich 4b bzw. 5a sich an der Rückseite des Mitnehmers 3 entsprechend der Drehrichtung der Trommel befindet und die den Mitnehmer 3 überflutende Waschflüssigkeit eine Abrisskante zwischen Scheitel 6 und Steilflankenbereich 4b bzw. 5a vorfindet, welche diesen Verwirbelungseffekt einstellt.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 there is a pronounced treatment of the laundry with fluidized washing liquid. This particular turbulence of the washing liquid results at the steeply sloping flank region 4b or 5a, depending on which direction of rotation the drum 1 has. Usually, washing machines are operated in reversing operation, ie with changing drum rotation direction, wherein in each direction of rotation in each case a steeply sloping drum edge region 4b or 5a is present. The turbulence of the washing liquid is due to the fact that the steeply sloping edge region 4b or 5a is located at the back of the driver 3 according to the direction of rotation of the drum and the washing liquid flooding the carrier 3 has a trailing edge between vertex 6 and steep flank region 4b and 5a, respectively, which stops this swirling effect.

Claims (5)

  1. Washing machine having a rotating cylindrical drum (1) receiving the laundry, on the drum casing (2) of which is arranged at least one driver (3) for at least partial circulation of the laundry, wherein the driver (3) extends from its base surface, via which the driver (3) is coupled to the drum casing (2), as far as its top surface (6) or upper edge spaced from the drum casing (2), wherein the top surface (6) or upper edge, seen over its length, is assigned to at least two different angular regions for particular projection onto the drum rear wall (10), the upper edge or top surface (6) of the driver (3) is designed to be S-shaped or Z-shaped and the driver (3) is tapered as far as its top surface (6) or upper edge, characterised in that the base surface of the driver (3) is at least approximately rectangular.
  2. Washing machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the driver (3) has a first flank (4) and a second flank (5) opposite the first flank (4) which in each case in a first part region (4a, 5b) of the driver length follow a rising straight line or a rising curved line and in a second part region (4b, 5a) of the driver length stand vertically on the drum casing (2).
  3. Washing machine according to claim 2, characterised in that the first part region (4a) of the first flank (4) is opposite the second part region (5a) of the second flank (5) and the second part region (4b) of the first flank (4) is opposite the first part region (5b) of the second flank (5).
  4. Washing machine according to claim 3, characterised in that in the path of the S shape or Z shape of the upper edge or top surface (6) of the driver (3), the first part region (4a) of the first flank (4) exchanges its orientation with the second part region (4b) of the first flank (4) and the first part region (5a) of the second flank (5) exchanges its orientation with the second part region (5b) of the second flank (5).
  5. Washing machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that several drivers (3) are included and the displacement of the top surface regions or upper edge regions resulting from the at least two different angular regions changes at least once in sign.
EP06026891A 2002-04-06 2003-01-21 Washing machine for washing laundry Expired - Lifetime EP1770197B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002115215 DE10215215A1 (en) 2002-04-06 2002-04-06 Washing machine and method for washing laundry in a washing machine
EP20030001146 EP1350880B1 (en) 2002-04-06 2003-01-21 Washing machine with baffle

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03001146.4 Division 2003-01-21
EP20030001146 Division EP1350880B1 (en) 2002-04-06 2003-01-21 Washing machine with baffle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1770197A1 EP1770197A1 (en) 2007-04-04
EP1770197B1 true EP1770197B1 (en) 2013-03-13

Family

ID=27816176

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06026891A Expired - Lifetime EP1770197B1 (en) 2002-04-06 2003-01-21 Washing machine for washing laundry
EP20030001146 Expired - Lifetime EP1350880B1 (en) 2002-04-06 2003-01-21 Washing machine with baffle

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20030001146 Expired - Lifetime EP1350880B1 (en) 2002-04-06 2003-01-21 Washing machine with baffle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1770197B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10215215A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2283660T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10227957A1 (en) * 2002-06-22 2004-01-08 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Horizontal axis washing machine clothes drum has two part lifters axially separated at slightly different radial positions to increase tumbling effect
KR100550526B1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2006-02-10 엘지전자 주식회사 A drum washer
AU2004203379B2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2006-10-12 Lg Electronics Inc. Washing machine
KR101073508B1 (en) 2003-11-17 2011-10-17 삼성전자주식회사 Clothes Drying Apparatus
US7299665B2 (en) 2004-03-19 2007-11-27 Lg Electronics Inc. Lift for drum-type washing machine
EP1876282A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-09 CANDY S.p.A. Basket for washing or drying machines
CN114032663A (en) * 2021-09-24 2022-02-11 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Washing machine control method and device and washing machine

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573103A (en) 1944-08-18 1951-10-30 Kling Bros Engineering Works Unloading structure for garment cylinders
FR1136981A (en) 1955-11-17 1957-05-22 Washing and drying machine
DE4021533A1 (en) * 1990-07-06 1992-01-09 Bauknecht Hausgeraete Dryer incorporates horizontal revolving cylindrical drum - at least one drum end features projection extending into drum
JPH05194295A (en) 1992-01-14 1993-08-03 Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd Purification of bisphenols
CA2062016C (en) 1992-02-27 1999-07-27 Robert Maurice St. Louis Snap-in baffle for clothes dryer
JPH0724178A (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-27 Inamoto Seisakusho:Kk Rotary washing machine
JP3494394B2 (en) 1995-05-24 2004-02-09 松下電器産業株式会社 Biosensor and manufacturing method thereof
JPH10235075A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-08 Sharp Corp Drum type washing machine
DE19860529A1 (en) 1998-12-30 2000-07-06 Boewe Garment Care Systems Gmb Cleaning, post-treatment and drying of textiles, leather and furs uses cleaning machine with drum with asymmetrical ribs
DE19925917A1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-12-14 Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Front loading washing machine with a rotating drum
WO2002052090A1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Arcelik A.S. Washing machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1350880A1 (en) 2003-10-08
EP1350880B1 (en) 2007-03-07
EP1770197A1 (en) 2007-04-04
DE10215215A1 (en) 2003-10-23
ES2283660T3 (en) 2007-11-01
DE50306716D1 (en) 2007-04-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2245224B1 (en) Drum for a laundry treatment machine
DE10245217B4 (en) drum washing machine
EP1770197B1 (en) Washing machine for washing laundry
DE4326496C2 (en) Drum washing machine with a rotatable washing drum
EP1382732A2 (en) Washing machine or clothes drying machine
CH669741A5 (en)
DE10259059B4 (en) Laundry drum for a drum washing machine
EP0719465B1 (en) Carbon brush for electric motors
EP1257708B1 (en) Washing drum for a washing machine
DE4021533A1 (en) Dryer incorporates horizontal revolving cylindrical drum - at least one drum end features projection extending into drum
WO2009103683A1 (en) Washing drum for a washing and/or drying machine
EP2474659B1 (en) Drum with curved structure for a washing machine
DE2225781A1 (en) Process for the manufacture of drums for washing and laundry-drying machines and the drum manufactured therewith
EP0533004A1 (en) Ribs for a household apparatus, for example a drier
DE102013113425A1 (en) Washing machine drum and with the same washing procedure performed
DE3921506C1 (en)
EP0381860A2 (en) Cleaning machine for textile fibres
DE3721433C2 (en)
EP0352439B1 (en) Washing drum
EP1799895B1 (en) Gripping transport element for a loom
DE4131005A1 (en) Household appliance, e.g. laundry dryer, - has several entraining means on drum inside which are flat, slightly rounded and evenly distributed
DE3913746C2 (en) Drum washing machine
DE2253729B2 (en) BREAD HOLDER CYLINDER
EP0557572A1 (en) Washing machine drum
EP0364763A1 (en) Continuous tunnel washing machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 1350880

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20070302

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20070511

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ELECTROLUX HOME PRODUCTS CORPORATION N.V.

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ELECTROLUX HOME PRODUCTS CORPORATION N.V.

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 1350880

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 50314724

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20130508

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130624

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20130313

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130313

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20131216

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 50314724

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20131216

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 50314724

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: KILBURN & STRODE LLP, NL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20220119

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20220119

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20220120

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20220119

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 50314724

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20230120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20230120