Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
  • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
  • B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate

Definitions

• the present invention relates to glazing of the type used for constituting the roofs or pavilions of motor vehicles.
• the glazing in question has the particularity of not being one for which a regulation imposes characteristics in particular of light transmission to guarantee optimized vision conditions.
• These glazings moreover, have not so far been regulated in their mechanical characteristics, although they participate unequivocally in the maintenance of the passenger compartment and the safety of the passengers in the event of an accident.
• Glazing of the type used for roofs concerns at least part of the surface of these roofs. Automotive designers indeed offer a wide variety of shapes and dimensions for these additional glazing units which contribute to the demand for brightness in the passenger compartment and the general impression of opening it outwards.
• the current demand from manufacturers is for glazing units offering significantly increased light transmissions.
• the question of thermal contribution remains, however.
• the invention proposes to partially meet this expectation by providing glazing for motor vehicle roofs, in which the TLA light transmission is not less than 45% and, preferably, not less than 50%.
• the TLA of roof glazings according to the invention does not exceed values of the order of 65%, and most often the TLA is not greater than 60%. These TLA values are sufficient to impart a high degree of brightness to the passenger compartment while limiting the heat input as seen below.
• the roof glazings according to the invention are constituted in such a way that the solar factor FS of these glazings is at most 35%, and preferably, less than 34%.
• Secondary energy transmission is a function of exchanges with the surrounding atmosphere. It is usual to refer to the solar factor at standstill, and at a determined speed, for example 100 km / h. The highest is always the stopped solar factor. It is this condition which is retained for the definition of the invention.
• the glazings according to the invention satisfying separately the two conditions relating to light transmission and to the solar factor are still advantageously such that the TLA / FS ratio is at least equal to 1.35 and preferably, greater than 1.5. This ratio under the best conditions is greater than 1.6 and can reach and even exceed 1.7. It translates the quality of the glazing on the one hand to let pass a very large fraction of the visible light and to minimize the energy entering the vehicle on the other hand.
• the roof glazings according to the invention are laminated to give them all the necessary mechanical resistance properties.
• the use of a laminate can also, proportionally, reduce the total thickness of the glass while retaining the required rigidity and adding the anti-expulsion properties.
• laminated glazing is also a condition which makes it possible to use one or more layers on these glazings, making it possible to achieve the performance indicated above.
• These are essentially layers which selectively reflect radiation in the infrared wavelength range.
• These layers typically consist of an assembly comprising one or more metallic layers and dielectric layers of oxides intended in particular to protect the metallic layers and prevent unsightly coloring.
• These assemblies are essentially formed by vacuum deposition techniques, in particular by "magnetron sputtering".
• the layers formed under these conditions are very effective in reflecting infrared rays but have the well-known drawback of being relatively fragile. Incorporate them into glazing laminated, on an unexposed side avoids any risk of accidental deterioration of these layers.
• the treatment by means of these infrared reflecting assemblies is preferably chosen in such a way that reflection in the visible is minimized. Avoid the appearance of a mirror that too strong a reflection could generate, which in addition would reduce the transmitted light fraction.
• the glazings matched with infrared reflecting layers preferably have an outward reflection in the visible RL which is not more than 25%, and preferably not more than 20%.
• the roof glazings according to the invention are advantageously constructed so as to have a relatively neutral reflection coloration.
• the glazing sought is either slightly gray, or green or still slightly bluish.
• the reflection is weak, in all cases the coloring remains discreet.
• the glass sheets are optionally of a composition such that the glass itself reduces the energy transmission.
• the glasses traditionally used for this purpose are glasses with a total iron oxide content greater than 0.6% by weight and in which a significant fraction of the iron is in ferrous form.
• the Fe 2+ / total iron ratio is greater than 25%.
• the glazing of laminated roofs according to the invention preferably consists of two sheets of the same composition and of the same thickness in order to facilitate their matching. In the vast majority of cases, in fact, the roof glazings according to the invention are curved. The bending operation is significantly better provided for assemblies of this type. However, other considerations can lead to associating two different sheets.
• the infrared radiation which is not reflected by the layer applied to one of the faces (H or III according to the numbering specific to laminated glazing) in contact with the sheet of interlayer material, can be partially absorbed in this second sheet of glass, and a fraction of the corresponding energy re-emitted to the outside, further reducing the portion directed towards the passenger compartment.
• the absorption at this second glass sheet is necessarily conditioned by the value of the overall transmission of the glazing and by that of the other components of the latter (first sheet, infrared reflecting layers, and sheet of interlayer material).
• the transmission of the second sheet is greater than 60%, and preferably greater than 70%.
• glasses leading to these light transmissions are, for example glasses colored essentially with iron, and whose total iron content expressed as Fe 2 O 3 is between 1.3 and 1.7% by weight .
• the thickness of the sheets constituting the laminated roof glazings according to the invention is preferably kept relatively small, as indicated previously so as not to weigh down the vehicle.
• the total thickness of the two glass sheets preferably does not exceed 7mm, and advantageously is not more than 6.5mm.
• the choice of the composition of the interlayer also makes it possible to adjust the characteristics of the glazings according to the invention.
• the most common spacers are of the polyvinyl butyal (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) type. These compounds are chosen because of their ability to form transparent sheets which adhere strongly to the faces of the glass sheets with which they are in contact. These spacers are most commonly in virtually colorless form. However, there are products colored in the mass and which therefore make it possible to give the glazings which comprise them particular shades.
• PVBs comprising in the mass particles of very small dimensions of compounds such as indium-tin oxides (ITO) such as those which are the subject of a marketing by the company Sekisui under the name of "S-LEC Solar Contrai".
• ITO indium-tin oxides
• Anti-solar PVBs contain various levels of particles.
• the charge is generally limited to minimize the light scattering phenomena termed "haze".
• haze The limits which are those fixed for glazing whose transparency quality is regulated, are obviously not significant with regard to roofs. You can have a significantly larger "haze”.
• the load of currently available products does not exceed 1% of the weight of PVB.
• the effect of these fillers for usual thicknesses of 0.76 mm of interlayer thickness translates for each proportion of 0.1% by weight of particles, by a reduction in the solar factor of the order of 1 to 2 %.
• the introduction of this type of interlayer provides an additional means for achieving the requirements of the invention.
• infrared reflecting layers is a preferred means for achieving the qualities required by the invention.
• the layers in question are mainly of the metallic type, in particular assemblies comprising one or more layers of silver. Sets of this type are described in particular in the publications GB 2,300,133, GB 2,311,540, or EP 1,032,543.
• One difficulty with some of these layers is their sensitivity to heat treatments such as those used in the operations of bending and quenching. Sets have been developed which make the layers in question sufficiently resistant to heat treatments so that their properties are not significantly altered.
• Sets of layers of this type are in particular the subject of publication EP 1 089 947.
• infrared reflecting layers which are not deposited on one of the glass sheets but on a separate support.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• films carrying infrared reflecting layers is conditioned by their own mechanical characteristics. Their incorporation into the glazing after bending avoids the difficulties indicated above with regard to the fragility of the reflective layer.
• the glazing is assembled at much lower temperatures than those reached during bending.
• the use of these films can nevertheless raise difficulties during assembly, in particular when the curvatures of the glazing are large and above all are of the “compound curvatures” or “spherical” type. In this case, the corresponding shaping of the film can lead to the formation of defects, in particular folds. For this reason, these films are mainly used for glazing essentially with single curvature, or whose compound curvatures are not very pronounced. Roof glazing is often of this second kind.
• the characteristics of the pyrolytic layers mean that they are used in addition to the infrared reflecting layers mentioned above. Their mechanical characteristics make it advantageous to use them as layers with a "low-emissive" function. It is first of all a question of placing a layer on the side facing the passenger compartment. The role is to maintain the temperature in the vehicle when the outside temperature is lower than desired. The glass surfaces are indeed areas of significant heat exchange. When the outside temperature is relatively low, passengers are sensitive to the phenomenon known as "cold shoulder". This impression comes from a radiation loss from the passenger compartment by the windows in question. To avoid this feeling, it is preferred according to the invention, to have a layer on the side facing the passenger compartment, the function of which is to obstruct radiation towards the outside.
• the low-emissivity layer which is located on the face directly in contact with the atmosphere of the passenger compartment, must be sufficiently resistant. For this reason it is preferable to use known layers of pyrolytic type. Low-emissivity layers deposited under vacuum, in particular metallic layers, can also be used provided that they are suitably protected against the risks of mechanical or chemical deterioration under the conditions of use.
• the low-emissivity layers placed as just indicated also contribute, in a limited way to sun protection. Even arranged on the inside, they help reduce visible light and the energy entering the vehicle.
• Conductive pyrolytic layers are for example those described in the publications GB 2 302 102 which propose layers of the type antimony doped tin oxide. Other layers of this type are also based on tin oxide doped with indium or fluorine.
• roof glazings according to the invention are described below with reference to various examples of implementation. In these examples glasses of various compositions are used.
• compositions and the optical and energetic properties are those indicated in the following table:
• the matrix is a traditional soda-lime-silica glass whose general composition is of the type: SiO 2 66 to 75% Na 2 O 10 to 20% CaO 5 to 15% MgO 0 at 5% Al 2 O 3 0 to 5% K 2 O 0 to 5%
• the optical properties of a glass sheet are related to a standard illuminant and for a thickness of 4mm.
• the illuminant A defined by the International Lighting Commission (EC) is used.
• Illuminant A represents the radiation from a Planck radiator at a temperature of around 2856 K. This illuminant represents the light emitted by headlights and is primarily intended to assess the optical properties of glazing intended for the automobile.
• EC International Lighting Commission
• TLA total light transmission for illuminant A
• TE total energy transmission
• This total transmission is the result of the integration between the wavelengths 300 and 2500 nm of the expression: ⁇ T ⁇ .E ⁇ / ⁇ E ⁇ in which E ⁇ is the spectral energy distribution of the sun at 30 ° above l 'horizon.
• Glass A is a clear glass with a low iron oxide content.
• Glass B is a green glass with a medium iron content, and above all whose ferrous iron content is relatively low. This type of glass allows a significant reduction in energy transmission compared to clear glass.
• Glass C and D are even more selective. If they lower the light transmission, in proportion they absorb the energy transmission even more.
• various infrared reflecting layers are used.
• the following layers are used in the preparation of the examples. These layer assemblies are obtained by “magnetron sputtering” deposition. These are double layers of silver, associated with various dielectrics intended to improve their resistance, minimize visible reflection and adjust their color in reflection. On the silver layers there is a so-called “barrier” layer which protects the silver layer against subsequent oxidation when the dielectric layers covering the silver layers are deposited. In the table the thicknesses of the layers are expressed in angstroms. For silver layers the indication is in mg m 2 . Low-emissive pyrolytic layers are also used in certain implementations of the invention. In the following examples these layers are of two kinds. One is marked "G". It is a layer of tin doped with fluorine.
• This layer transmits 82% of visible light and has an emissivity of the order of 0.15.
• the other pyrolytic layer, denoted “S”, is made of tin doped with antimony. Its light transmission is 69% and its emissivity is 0.28.
• the glazings according to the invention were composed as reported in the table below.
• the first glass is always 2.1mm thick.
• the second glass is also 2.1mm except for the samples 7 (3mm), 8 (3.15mm), 9 (3.5mm), 10 (3.15mm), ll (3.5mm), 13 (2, 6mm).
• the infrared reflecting layer is placed on the first sheet of glass on the intermediate side (side II).
• the glazing When the glazing has a low-emissive pyrolytic layer (G or S) it is turned towards the passenger compartment (side IV).
• G or S low-emissive pyrolytic layer
• the interlayer is a 0.76mm thick PVB sheet. It is colorless PVB, except for samples 12 and 14. In these two examples, PVB is that marketed under the name "Opticolor” by the company Solutia. This PVB sheet has a light transmission of TLA 78%.

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• Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-05-28 BE BE2004/0266A patent/BE1016060A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2005
  • 2005-05-19 EP EP05747893A patent/EP1765588A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-05-19 WO PCT/EP2005/052314 patent/WO2005115747A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

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