CN107771167B - 用于太阳能控制的层压嵌装玻璃 - Google Patents

用于太阳能控制的层压嵌装玻璃 Download PDF

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CN107771167B
CN107771167B CN201680035447.XA CN201680035447A CN107771167B CN 107771167 B CN107771167 B CN 107771167B CN 201680035447 A CN201680035447 A CN 201680035447A CN 107771167 B CN107771167 B CN 107771167B
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glass
infrared
rir
substrate
layer
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CN107771167A (zh
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T·兰布里特
J-M·德珀奥
I·马林内
F·波兰德
A·多吉蒙特
A·德加德
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AGC Glass Europe SA
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    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10614Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
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    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/10229Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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    • C03C17/3626Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3652Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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Abstract

本发明涉及层压嵌装玻璃,所述层压嵌装玻璃包括任选地着色的、涂覆有红外线反射层的基板、特别是透明基板并且能够被用作建筑物或车辆中的嵌装玻璃。所述涂覆的基板由玻璃基板和红外线反射层的组合构成,所述玻璃基板的组成具有小于15%的氧化还原,特征为红外线反射率RIRV,使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV,其中TLV是所述玻璃的透光率,所述红外线反射层的特征为透光率TLC,使得TLC≥1.3*TIRC,其中TIRC是所述层的红外线透射率。

Description

用于太阳能控制的层压嵌装玻璃
本发明涉及包括基板、特别是透明基板的层压嵌装玻璃,该基板例如由玻璃制成、或者任选地由着色的玻璃制成,涂覆有红外线反射层。
此类层压嵌装玻璃例如以单个或多重结构用作建筑物或车辆的嵌装玻璃。
在本文件中,除非另外指出,根据以下定义使用以下术语:
TL=透光率=用光源C和2°观测者的情况下由产品透射的入射光通量(在380与780nm之间)的百分比。
TLV=该基板的透光率=用光源C和2°观测者的情况下由该玻璃基板透射的入射光通量(在380与780nm之间)的百分比。在此针对4mm厚度的玻璃对其进行定义。
TLC=该层的透光率=用光源C和2°观测者的情况下由产品(由沉积在具有零吸收的基板上的层组成)透射的入射光通量(在380与780nm之间)的百分比。
RL=光反射率=用光源C和2°观测者的情况下由产品反射的入射光通量(在380与780nm之间)的百分比。
SF=g=太阳能因子=一方面由产品直接透射的并被所述产品吸收的,然后由其与能量来源相反的面辐射的,另一方面,根据标准ISO9050:2003计算的入射能量辐射的百分比。
S=选择=选择性=透光率与太阳能因子的比率。
TIR=红外线透射率=根据标准ISO 9050:2003计算的由产品透射的红外线辐射(在780与2500nm之间)的百分比。
TIRC=该层的红外线透射率=由产品(由沉积在具有零吸收的基板上的该层组成)透射的并且根据标准ISO9050:2003计算的红外线辐射(在780与2500nm之间)的百分比。
RIR=红外线反射率=根据标准ISO 9050:2003计算的由产品反射的红外线辐射(在780与2500nm之间)的百分比。
RIRV=具有理想的反射物的基板的红外线反射率=对于携带在红外线中反射100%的理想层的玻璃基板的反射的红外线辐射(在780nm与2500nm之间)的百分比。在此针对4mm厚度的玻璃基板对其进行定义,并且根据标准ISO9050:2003计算,该层被沉积在与入射辐射相反的面上。当在玻璃中没有吸收时达到100%的最大RIRV值,并且沿着总计2*4mm(双程)=8mm的光程,随着玻璃中的吸收增加,RIRV减小。
RIRC=该层的红外线反射率=对于产品(包含沉积在具有零吸收的基板上的该层)反射的、根据标准ISO9050:2003计算的红外线辐射(在780与2500nm之间)的百分比。
AIR=红外线吸收率=根据标准ISO 9050:2003计算的由产品吸收的红外线辐射(在780与2500nm之间)的百分比。
AIRC=该层的红外线吸收率=对于产品(包含沉积在具有零吸收的基板上的该层)吸收的、根据标准ISO9050:2003计算的红外线辐射(在780与2500nm之间)的百分比。
在某些情况下,为了不使建筑物或乘客舱的内部过热,令人希望的是建筑物或车辆的嵌装玻璃不使太大比例的总入射太阳能辐射通过,虽然如此但是提供合适的透光率(TL)以便在该建筑物或乘客舱的内部产生足够的光水平。总入射太阳能辐射的透射率可以以太阳能因子(SF或g)表示。这些稍微有冲突的要求传达了获得具有高选择性(S)的嵌装玻璃的愿望。还令人希望的是这些嵌装玻璃满足就光反射率(RL)和反射的颜色而言的某些美观标准。
已经有一定的时间了,为了减少向建筑物或车辆递送太阳能,已经使用玻璃,这些玻璃在它们的本体中是着色的。除了提供各种广泛欣赏的美观之外,着色嵌装玻璃允许造成内部加热的红外线辐射的通过减少(所述辐射主要被该玻璃吸收),同时使可见光通过,并且因此从而展现出选择性。
随后,另一种提出的解决方案是在由透明然后超透明玻璃制成的基板上使用多层太阳能控制涂层(有时还被称为抗太阳能或太阳能保护涂层)。这些多层太阳能控制叠层提供了良好的选择性,因为它们使可见光通过并且反射红外线。已知的太阳能控制涂层的实例总体上包括多层红外线反射金属,如银,其各自被夹在介电材料的透明且减反射的层之间。这种类型叠层的选择性随着该涂层中存在的红外线反射层的数目的增加而增加,确保红外线的增强的反射。然而,这些太阳能控制涂层仍然被证明是难以确保不仅高的选择性,而且令人愉快的美观外观、有角度地稳定的中性反射颜色以及中等的光反射率。
因此,已经思考组合这两种解决方案(在其本体中着色的基板和太阳能控制层)将导致嵌装玻璃的选择性的相应改进,但是红外线辐射通过该着色的玻璃两次(第一次从太阳到内部,并且第二次在反射后从太阳能控制层到外部),结果是后者吸收了两倍多的红外线,其中一些其朝向内部发射,并且此外危险地加热到有时候破裂的点。然后一种解决方案是回火该玻璃以便它抵抗热破裂,但是这是昂贵且约束的附加步骤。
因此,仍然存在提供高度选择性的层压嵌装玻璃的需要,这些层压嵌装玻璃特别是着色的或具有低的透光率、具有低的外部光反射(即,一旦安装,从建筑物/车辆的外部看见)、较低的来自玻璃侧的反射颜色的角度依赖性,并且不需要被回火以防止由于热量加热的破裂。
已经发现,通过根据本发明的权利要求1、呈现优选实施例的从属权利要求的层压嵌装玻璃,可以实现所要求的光学特性的这些组合,并且可以获得其他优点。
本发明的主题特别是一种层压嵌装玻璃,该层压嵌装玻璃包括涂覆有红外线反射层的透明基板,其特征在于,该基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV,并且其特征在于,该红外线反射层的特征为透光率TLC,使得TLC≥1.3*TIRC
因此,由本发明提供的解决方案是至少反直觉的,因为它证明了必要的是将选择性涂层与本身非选择性的玻璃联合,以便得到其选择性被改进或者最低限度对于所希望的应用是令人满意的嵌装玻璃。确切地,已经发现,常规地,对于选择性玻璃,透光率的减小(出于美观原因、出于太阳能控制原因或出于任何其他原因)总是与RIRV的显著减小有关。相比之下,根据本发明的嵌装玻璃允许实现较低的透光率,同时保持非常有利的红外线反射率。此外,已经发现,红外线反射层不都同样地适合于实现本发明的目的,并且主要通过反射而不是吸收来阻止红外线的层是必要的。
从而因此,结合了根据本发明的基板(结合有根据本发明的红外线反射涂层)的嵌装玻璃可以提供具有以下优点中一个或多个的层压嵌装玻璃:
■甚至当该嵌装玻璃包括由低透光率的玻璃制成的基板时的高选择性,
■相对于现有技术的具有使得RIRV<1.087*TLV的红外线反射率RIRV的结合了在相同透光率的玻璃上沉积的涂层的相同嵌装玻璃,改进的选择性,
■被透射到建筑物或车辆的内部的能量的减小(太阳能因子的减小),并且因此该建筑物或车辆的内部的较少加热,
■在等效的太阳能因子下,嵌装玻璃的加热的限制(吸收的减小)、较低的破裂风险以及对于回火需要的减小,
■各种美观和颜色,
■对于给定水平的透光率和/或给定的选择性,光的减弱的外部反射,并且因此从建筑物或车辆的外部看见的较小的反射外观,
■借助于由着色的玻璃制成的基板,可能改正由该涂层产生的外部反射的颜色,而对例如像选择性的特性没有影响,
■外部反射的颜色的较少的角度依赖性,并且因此无论该嵌装玻璃在建筑物的幕墙内的位置或其在车辆中的安装角度如何,该幕墙或车辆的嵌装玻璃的颜色的更均匀的外观,而对如选择性的特性没有影响。
对于由厚玻璃制成的基板,这些优点的益处甚至更大,对于这些基板,前述地,朝向建筑物或车辆的内部的吸收和重新发射的能量随厚度增加。对于其中天空中太阳是非常高的和/或其射线通过在相对竖直位置上的嵌装玻璃的路径是更长的情况,上述情况也是有效的。
优选地,根据本发明的基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV+5,更优选地使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV+10,并且甚至更优选地使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV+15。
可替代地,根据本发明的基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥1.141*TLV,更优选地使得RIRV≥1.196*TLV,并且甚至更优选地使得RIRV≥1.250*TLV
还可替代地,根据本发明的基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥1.033*TLV+5或使得RIRV≥1.033*TLV+10或使得RIRV≥1.033*TLV+15,可替代地使得RIRV≥0.978*TLV+10或使得RIRV≥0.978*TLV+15或使得RIRV≥0.978*TLV+20,或还可替代地使得RIRV≥0.924*TLV+15或使得RIRV≥0.924*TLV+20或使得RIRV≥0.870*TLV+20。
有利地,根据本发明的基板是特征为低于91%、90%、89%、88%、85%、80%、75%、70%或50%的透光率TLV的玻璃。有利地,根据本发明的基板是特征为高于50%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、97%、98%或99%的红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃。TLV和RIRV在由本发明限定的域内的选择主要取决于玻璃的颜色而变化并且与对于最终嵌装玻璃的所希望的外观和能量特性有关。
根据一个有利的实施例,根据本发明的基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥0.510*TLV+53或使得RIRV≥0.490*TLV+55,更优选地使得RIRV≥0.435*TLV+60或使得RIRV≥0.380*TLV+65,并且甚至更优选地使得RIRV≥0.326*TLV+70。
优选地,根据本发明的透明基板是特征为TLV>85%并且RIRV>98%、或TLV>87%并且RIRV>98.5%、或甚至TLV>88%并且RIRV>99%的玻璃。
优选地,根据本发明的着色的基板是特征为,从最浅至最深,TLV<80%并且RIRV>87%、或TLV<70%并且RIRV>80%、或TLV<50%并且RIRV>60%、或甚至TLV<30%并且RIRV>40%的玻璃。
根据本发明的基板是由可以属于不同类别的玻璃制成的。该玻璃因此可以是钠钙硅、铝硅酸盐或硼硅酸盐类型、以及类似类型的玻璃。优选地,该玻璃的基础组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
Figure BDA0001511760590000061
更优选地,该玻璃的基础组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
Figure BDA0001511760590000062
最优选地并且出于较低的生产成本的原因,根据本发明的玻璃基板是由钠钙硅玻璃制成的。有利地,根据这个实施例,该玻璃的基础组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
Figure BDA0001511760590000063
Figure BDA0001511760590000071
除了其基础组成之外,该玻璃可以包含对于受欢迎的效果被定制的性质和数量的其他组分。
在本发明中提出用于获得具有非常高的红外线反射率RIRv的玻璃的一种解决方案包括在该玻璃的组成中使用在特定含量的范围内的铬。
因此,根据第一实施例,该玻璃有利地具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁(以Fe2O3的形式表示) 0.002%-0.06%;
Cr2O3 0.0001%-0.06%。
组合低铁含量和铬的此类玻璃组成已经证明了就红外线反射率RIRv而言的特别良好的性能,并且展现出在可见光中的高透明度、以及不太显著的色调(接近于所谓的“超透明”玻璃)。这些组成描述于国际专利申请WO2014128016A1、WO2014180679A1、WO2015011040A1、WO2015011041A1、WO2015011042A1、WO2015011043A1和WO2015011044A1(将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中)中。根据这个第一具体实施例,该组成优选地包含相对于该玻璃的总重量范围是按重量计从0.002%至0.06%的铬含量(以Cr2O3的形式表示)。此类铬含量允许红外线反射率RIRV进一步改进。
根据第二实施例,该玻璃具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁(以Fe2O3的形式表示) 0.002%-0.06%;
Cr2O3 0.0015%-1%;
Co 0.0001%-1%。
基于铬和钴的此类玻璃组成已经证明了就红外线反射率RIRv而言的特别良好的性能,同时提供了就美观/颜色而言的有利的可能性(带蓝色中性至强烈的色彩或甚至高达不透明)。此类组成描述于欧洲专利申请号13 198 454.4中,将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中。
根据第三实施例,该玻璃具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁(以Fe2O3的形式表示) 0.02%-1%;
Cr2O3 0.002%-0.5%;
Co 0.0001%-0.5%。
优选地,根据这个实施例,该组成包含:0.06%<总铁≤1%。
基于铬和钴的此类组成允许获得具有蓝-绿色范围内的颜色的玻璃片,这些玻璃片就颜色和透光率而言与可商购的蓝色和绿色玻璃是可比较,但是就红外线反射率而言具有特别良好的性能。此类组成描述于欧洲专利申请EP15172780.7中,将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中。
根据第四实施例,该至少第一外部玻璃片具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
Figure BDA0001511760590000081
基于铬、钴和硒的此类玻璃组成已经证明了就红外线反射率而言的特别良好的性能,同时提供了就美观/颜色而言的有利的可能性(灰色中性至在灰色-青铜色范围内的轻微至强烈的色彩)。此类组成描述于欧洲专利申请EP15172779.9中,将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中。
对于铬可替代地,根据本发明还提出了使用特定含量的一种或多种组分来获得具有非常高的红外线反射率RIRv的玻璃的其他解决方案。
根据第一替代实施例,该玻璃具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁(以Fe2O3的形式表示) 0.002%-0.06%;
CeO2 0.001%-1%。
此类组成描述于欧洲专利申请号13 193 345.9中,将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中。
根据另一个替代实施例,该玻璃具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁(以Fe2O3的形式表示) 0.002%-0.06%;
以及以下组分之一:
-范围是按重量计从0.01%至1%的含量的锰(以MnO的形式表示);
-范围是按重量计从0.01%至1%的含量的锑(以Sb2O3的形式表示);
-范围是按重量计从0.01%至1%的含量的砷(以As2O3的形式表示);
-范围是按重量计从0.0002%至0.1%的含量的铜(以CuO的形式表示)。
此类组成描述于欧洲专利申请号14 167 942.3中,将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中。
根据又另一个替代实施例,该玻璃具有以下组成,该组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁(以Fe2O3的形式表示) 0.002%-0.04%;
以及至少两种来自铬、硒、铜、铈、锰以及锑中的组分;该铬(以Cr2O3的形式表示)是呈按重量计0.02%的最大含量;该硒(以Se的形式表示)是呈按重量计0.08%的最大含量;该铜(以CuO的形式表示)是呈按重量计0.04%的最大含量;该铈(以CeO2的形式表示)是呈按重量计0.8%的最大含量;该锰(以MnO的形式表示)是呈按重量计1.6%的最大含量;该锑(以Sb2O3的形式表示)是呈按重量计0.8%的最大含量;所述组成遵守下式:
A≤[10.02*(Cr2O3/Fe2O3)+4*(Se/Fe2O3)+2.73*(CuO/Fe2O3)+0.7*(CeO2/Fe2O3)+0.23*(MnO/Fe2O3)+0.11*(Sb2O3/Fe2O3)];A等于0.30。
此类组成描述于欧洲专利申请号14 177 487.7中,将其通过引用结合到本专利申请中。
根据本发明,该玻璃基板的组成具有小于15%的氧化还原。优选地,该氧化还原小于10%、或者另外小于5%或甚至小于3%。玻璃的氧化程度由其氧化还原给出,在此定义为Fe2+原子与存在于该玻璃中的铁原子的总重量的重量比,Fe2+/总Fe。等同地,该氧化还原还可以通过表述亚铁(Fe2+)和呈Fe2O3形式的总铁的重量来计算。可替代地,氧化还原有时被表示为以FeO形式表示的亚铁(Fe2+)与以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁的重量比。在这种情况下,以下关系使得有可能从一种表述转变成另一种:
Figure BDA0001511760590000101
根据本发明的红外线反射层可优选地特征为透光率TLC,使得TLC≥1.35*TIRC、TLC≥1.4*TIRC、或TLC≥1.5*TIRC,更优选地使得TLC≥1.75*TIRC、TLC≥1.9*TIRC、或TLC≥1.95*TIRC、并且甚至更优选地TLC≥2*TIRC
该层可有利地特征为高于0.5*(1-AIRC)或高于0.6*(1-AIRC)、或更优选地甚至高于0.76*(1-AIRC)或高于0.86*(1-AIRC)或高于0.9*(1-AIRC)或高于0.95*(1-AIRC)或高于0.96*(1-AIRC)或高于0.97*(1-AIRC)或高于0.98*(1-AIRC)或高于0.99*(1-AIRC)的红外线反射率RIRC
在范围RIRC>0.5*(1-AIRC)并且RIRC≤0.76*(1-AIRC)内,相对于其中使用由相同TLv的现有技术的玻璃制成的基板的情况,太阳能因子未必在所有情况下都减小。然而,这个范围在其中温差和/或气流有利于将热量传递到建筑物或车辆的内部的情况下依然有用。
在范围RIRC>0.76*(1-AIRC)内,当使用由相同TLV的现有技术的玻璃制成的基板时,太阳能因子减小,因此减小了透射到内部的能量的量并增加了该嵌装玻璃的选择性。
在这两个范围内,存在根据本发明的其他优点,如该嵌装玻璃的加热的限制、不同的美观和颜色、减弱的外部光反射、外部反射的颜色的改正、和/或外部反射的颜色的较少的角度依赖性。
可替代地,可能有利的是与根据本发明的玻璃组合使用具有低于50%、40%、35%、30%、25%、20%、15%、10%、5%、4%、3%、2%或1%的TIRC的层。
有利地,用于这些应用的该红外线反射层是多层叠层,该多层叠层包含n个基于红外线反射材料的功能层(其中n≥1)以及n+1个介电涂层使得每个功能层两侧是介电涂层。
形成这些红外线反射层的一部分的功能层有利地由贵金属形成。它们可以基于银、金、钯、铂或其混合物或合金,但是还基于铜或铝(单独的、合金化的或以与一种或多种贵金属的合金)。优选地,所有的这些功能层都是基于银的。这是具有非常高的红外线辐射的反射效力的贵金属。它容易在磁控管装置中实施,并且其成本价格不是过高的,尤其关于其效力。有利地,银掺杂有百分之几的钯、铝或铜,例如以按质量计1%至10%的量,或者可能的是使用银合金。
形成这些红外线反射层的一部分的透明介电涂层在通过阴极溅射沉积的层的领域中是众所周知的。存在许多合适的材料,并且在此不存在给出其完整的列表的原因。它们总体上是金属氧化物、氧氮化物或氮化物。在最常见的之中,可以通过举例提及SiO2、TiO2、SnO2、ZnO、ZnAlOx、Si3N4、AlN、Al2O3、ZrO2、Nb2O5、YOx TiZrYOx、TiNbOx、HfOx、MgOx、TaOx、CrOx和Bi2O3、以及其混合物。还可以提及以下材料:AZO、ZTO、GZO、NiCrOx、TXO、ZSO、TZO、TNO、TZSO、TZAO和TZAYO。术语AZO指的是在中性或轻微氧化的气氛下,优选地从通过有待沉积、溅射的氧化物形成的陶瓷靶获得的掺杂有铝的氧化锌或者混合的锌和铝的氧化物。同样地,表述ZTO或GZO分别指的是在中性或轻微氧化的气氛下,从陶瓷靶获得的混合的钛和锌或者锌和镓的氧化物。表述TXO指的是从陶瓷钛-氧化物靶获得的氧化钛。表述ZSO指的是在氧化的气氛下从沉积的合金的金属靶或者在中性或轻微氧化的气氛下从相应氧化物的陶瓷靶获得的混合的锌-锡氧化物。表述TZO、TNO、TZSO、TZAO或TZAYO分别指的是在中性或轻微氧化的气氛下从陶瓷靶获得的混合的钛-锆、钛-铌、钛-锆-锡、钛-锆-铝或钛-锆-铝-钇的氧化物。所有上述材料均可用于形成本发明中使用的介电涂层。
优选地,置于一个功能层下或每个功能层下的该介电涂层包含与该一个或多个功能层直接接触的基于氧化锌的层,该氧化锌任选地例如掺杂有铝或镓或者与氧化锡合金化。氧化锌可具有对该功能层(特别地当其基于银时)的稳定性和抗腐蚀性的特别有利的影响。它还有利于基于银的层的导电性的改进并且因此低发射率的获得。
将该叠层的各个层例如在众所周知的磁控管装置中通过低压磁控管阴极溅射进行沉积。然而,本发明不限于这种具体层沉积工艺。
根据本发明的层压嵌装玻璃包括至少一个如以上描述的经由粘合剂塑料(通常PVB)连接到玻璃状材料的片上的透明基板。它们可以被用作建筑物或机动车辆中的嵌装玻璃。在机动车辆嵌装玻璃的领域中,它们可以例如以挡风玻璃的方式使用,但是还用于车辆的其他嵌装玻璃,如侧窗、车顶或挡风玻璃。
根据本发明的层压嵌装玻璃可以用作单层嵌装玻璃或者被组装成多层嵌装玻璃,如三层或双层嵌装玻璃,其中该层压嵌装玻璃与一个或多个其他玻璃片(任选地提供有涂层)联合,该层压嵌装玻璃被置于最接近该多重结构的外部。该层压嵌装玻璃因此被定位成使得当其被安装在建筑物或车辆上时,太阳能辐射首先在没有层的侧面上撞击涂覆的玻璃片、然后该红外线反射层、然后粘合剂垫片、然后第二玻璃片、并且然后任选地另一个玻璃片(如果其是双层嵌装玻璃的问题)。因此,根据通常使用的惯例,该红外线反射层在位置2处。在这个位置上,太阳能保护是最有效的。
通过举例,现在将参考根据本发明的实例1至18和不根据本发明的对比实例C1-C24来描述本发明的具体实施例。
在这些实例和对比实例中使用的玻璃的主要特性在表Ia中给出。表Ib中给出了不包括SiO2的以重量百分比计的其组成。就其本身而言表II描述了根据本发明的遵守关系TLC≥1.3*TIRC的红外线反射层,而表III给出了不遵守关系TLC≥1.3*TIRC的选择性的红外线反射层的实例(被称为对比的)。
在表II和III中,
-ZSO5代表锌-锡混合氧化物,其中锌-锡的比例接近于按重量计50%-50%(Zn2Sn2O4),
-SiN代表氮化硅,
-TZO代表混合的钛-锆氧化物,其中氧化钛与氧化锆的比例接近于按重量计65%-35%。
表Ia
Figure BDA0001511760590000141
Figure BDA0001511760590000151
Figure BDA0001511760590000161
在以下表中,除非另外指出,对于层压嵌装玻璃给出了测量值,这些层压嵌装玻璃包括从外部的6mm厚度的涂覆的第一玻璃基板(层在位置2)(除了对比实例C1、C2、C3之外,在这些对比实例中厚度是8mm)、0.76mm厚度的PVB膜和4mm厚度的被称为“中铁”玻璃的第二玻璃。除非另外指出,根据标准ISO9050:2003在光源D、2°下给出了就透光率(TL)、光反射率(RL)、太阳能因子(SF)、选择性(选择=TL/SF)、吸收率(Abs)而言的特性。根据由国际照明委员会(Commission internationale de l'éclairage)(CIE)在1976年定义的CIE实验室模型在光源D、10°下,给出了透射(T)和反射(R)的L*、a*、b*颜色。吸收率(Abs)是整个层压嵌装玻璃的能量吸收率。
表A
Figure BDA0001511760590000181
表B
Figure BDA0001511760590000191
实例1至18以及对比实例C1至C18
根据本发明的各个层已经与不同的玻璃组合,这些玻璃中的某些(不根据本发明(参考对比的-))具有低于其透光率TLV的1.087倍的红外线反射率RIRV,并且其他的玻璃(根据本发明的(参考本发明的-))具有高于或等于其透光率TLV的1.087倍的红外线反射率RIRV。表A中给出了这些层压嵌装玻璃的透光率和光反射率、透射和反射的颜色、太阳能因子、选择性和总吸收率的模拟值。
这些结果示出了,具有使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV的红外线反射率的玻璃和遵守关系TLC≥1.3*TIRC的层的组合使用(在等效的TL下)导致太阳能因子的减小或者最低限度类似或稍微增加的太阳能因子(与较少的吸收同时)。因此这些组合可以有利地用于太阳能控制或抗太阳能嵌装玻璃。
包括层A、B、或C的实例示出了,具有使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV的红外线反射率的玻璃和遵守关系TLC≥0.76*TIRC的层的组合使用(在等效的TL下)导致在所有情况下与较少的吸收同时的太阳能因子的减小。
包括层D的实例此外示出了,具有使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV的红外线反射率的玻璃和特征为在范围RIRC>0.5*(1-AIRC)并且RIRC≤0.76*(1-AIRC)内的红外线反射率RIRC的层的组合使用(在等效的TL下)导致仅仅小的太阳能因子的增加(约至多5%),其在某些情况下是可接受的,但是再次具有较少的吸收率的益处。
对比实例C19至C24
不根据本发明的层与各种玻璃组合,这些玻璃中的某些不是根据本发明的(参考对比的-),并且其他玻璃是根据本发明的(参考本发明的-)。表B中给出了该层压嵌装玻璃的透光率和光反射率、透射和反射的颜色、太阳能因子、选择性和吸收率的模拟值。
这些对比实例示出了,具有使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV的红外线反射率的玻璃和不遵守关系TLC≥1.3*TIRC的层的组合使用(在等效的TL下)导致明显的太阳能因子的增加(约20%)以及明显地减小的选择性,这使此类嵌装玻璃不适合于太阳能控制应用。

Claims (9)

1.一种层压嵌装玻璃,所述层压嵌装玻璃包括涂覆有红外线反射层的透明基板,其特征在于,所述基板是玻璃,所述玻璃的组成具有低于3%的氧化还原,其中氧化还原定义为Fe2+原子与存在于该玻璃中的铁原子的总重量的重量比,Fe2+/总Fe,特征为
在780与2500nm之间的红外线反射率RIRV,使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV,TLV是在380与780nm之间的所述玻璃的透光率;
并且其特征在于,所述红外线反射层的特征为在380与780nm之间的透光率TLC,使得TLC≥1.3*TIRC,TIRC是在780与2500nm之间的所述层的红外线透射率,
且其中,所述红外线反射层的特征为高于0.76*(1-AIRC)的红外线反射率RIRC,RIRC是该层在780与2500nm之间的红外线反射率,且AIRC是该层在780与2500nm之间的红外线吸收率。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥1.087*TLV+5。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述基板是特征为红外线反射率RIRV的玻璃,使得RIRV≥0.510*TLV+53。
4.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述基板的玻璃具有以下组成,所述组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁,以Fe2O3的形式表示 0.002%-0.06%;
Cr2O3 0.0001%-0.06%。
5.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述基板的玻璃具有以下组成,所述组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁,以Fe2O3的形式表示 0.002%-0.06%;
Cr2O3 0.0015%-1%;
Co 0.0001%-1%。
6.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述基板的玻璃具有以下组成,所述组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
总铁,以Fe2O3的形式表示 0.02%-1%;
Cr2O3 0.002%-0.5%;
Co 0.0001%-0.5%。
7.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述基板的玻璃具有以下组成,所述组成包含以下各项,其含量以按玻璃的总重量计的百分比表示:
Figure FDA0003107079350000021
8.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述红外线反射层是多层叠层,所述多层叠层包含n个基于红外线反射材料的功能层,其中n≥1,以及n+1个介电涂层,使得每个功能层两侧是介电涂层。
9.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的层压嵌装玻璃,其特征在于,所述红外线反射层的一个或多个功能层是基于银的。
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