EP1764869A2 - Connecting terminal - Google Patents

Connecting terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1764869A2
EP1764869A2 EP06450084A EP06450084A EP1764869A2 EP 1764869 A2 EP1764869 A2 EP 1764869A2 EP 06450084 A EP06450084 A EP 06450084A EP 06450084 A EP06450084 A EP 06450084A EP 1764869 A2 EP1764869 A2 EP 1764869A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
terminal
electrical
connection
connection part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06450084A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1764869A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Franz Fröschl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebauer and Griller Kabelwerke GmbH
Gebauer and Griller
Original Assignee
Gebauer and Griller Kabelwerke GmbH
Gebauer and Griller
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebauer and Griller Kabelwerke GmbH, Gebauer and Griller filed Critical Gebauer and Griller Kabelwerke GmbH
Publication of EP1764869A2 publication Critical patent/EP1764869A2/en
Publication of EP1764869A3 publication Critical patent/EP1764869A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H01R11/12—End pieces terminating in an eye, hook, or fork
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • H01R43/058—Crimping mandrels

Definitions

  • Such terminals for connecting an electrical line to an electrical device consist of a first connection part, which is intended for connection to an electrical device and a second connection part, which serves to connect the terminal to the electrical line.
  • the first connection part is formed, for example, with a connection eye.
  • the second connection part is e.g. formed with two lobes which are bent over the stripped line, whereby they enclose the metallic conductor sleeve-shaped and which are connected to the metallic conductor by mechanical deformation.
  • the second connecting part is formed by a sleeve made by deformation of a plate whose adjacent edges are provided with counter-projections or the projections associated recesses through which these edges are locked together.
  • the electrical conductor is inserted into the sleeve-shaped second connection part, which is then connected to the electrical conductor by compression.
  • the connecting terminal 3 formed thereby is connected to an electrical lead 4 by inserting its stripped conductor 41 into the sleeve 20, and then inserting the sleeve 20 into its circumference reduced sleeve 20a is pressed.
  • Figure 6 the connected to the conductor 31 by pressing terminal 3 is shown in plan view.

Landscapes

  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Abstract

Connection terminal has first connecting unit (1) which is formed with loop (11) and a second connecting unit (2), which is formed by a sleeve (20) manufactured from a small plate by deformation. The opposite edges of the sleeve are provided with counter balanced protrusions (23) or receptors (24) attached to the protrusions by which these edges are interlocked with each other. An independent claim is also included for the method for production of an electrical circuit.

Description

Die gegenständliche Erfindung betrifft eine Anschlussklemme für den Anschluss einer elektrischen Leitung an ein elektrotechnisches Gerät mit einem ersten Anschlussteil, welcher z.B. mit einer Öse ausgebildet ist, und mit einem zweiten Anschlussteil, welcher hülsenförmig ausgebildet ist und welcher mit dem elektrischen Leiter durch Verpressung verbunden ist.The subject invention relates to a terminal for the connection of an electrical line to an electrical appliance with a first connection part, which e.g. is formed with an eyelet, and with a second connecting part, which is sleeve-shaped and which is connected to the electrical conductor by compression.

Bekannte derartige Klemmen für den Anschluss einer elektrischen Leitung an ein elektrotechnisches Gerät bestehen aus einem ersten Anschlussteil, welcher zum Anschluss an ein elektrotechnisches Gerät bestimmt ist und aus einem zweiten Anschlussteil, welcher zur Verbindung der Klemme mit der elektrischen Leitung dient. Der erste Anschlussteil ist beispielsweise mit einer Anschlussöse ausgebildet. Der zweite Anschlussteil ist z.B. mit zwei Lappen ausgebildet, welche über die abisolierte Leitung gebogen sind, wodurch sie den metallischen Leiter hülsenförmig umschließen und welche mit dem metallischen Leiter durch mechanische Verformung verbunden sind.Known such terminals for connecting an electrical line to an electrical device consist of a first connection part, which is intended for connection to an electrical device and a second connection part, which serves to connect the terminal to the electrical line. The first connection part is formed, for example, with a connection eye. The second connection part is e.g. formed with two lobes which are bent over the stripped line, whereby they enclose the metallic conductor sleeve-shaped and which are connected to the metallic conductor by mechanical deformation.

Sofern dabei die Klemme aus einer Kupferlegierung und der Leiter aus Aluminium hergestellt sind, besteht jedoch aufgrund des Sachverhaltes, dass Aluminium gegenüber einer Kupferlegierung einen größeren thermischen Dehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, die Schwierigkeit, dass aufgrund der Wärmedehnungen des Leiters eine Aufweitung des Anschlussteiles bedingt wird, wodurch die zwischen dem Leiter und dem hülsenförmigen Anschlussteil bestehende elektrische Leitfähigkeit verringert bzw. der zwischen der Klemme und dem elektrischen Leiter bestehende Übergangswiderstand vergrößert wird.However, if the terminal are made of a copper alloy and the conductor made of aluminum, due to the fact that aluminum compared to a copper alloy has a greater thermal expansion coefficient, the difficulty that due to the thermal expansion of the conductor widening of the connection part is due, causing the between the conductor and the sleeve-shaped connecting part existing electrical conductivity is reduced or increased between the terminal and the electrical conductor existing contact resistance is increased.

Dieses Problem könnte dadurch vermieden werden, dass der hülsenförmige Anschlussteil durch ein in sich geschlossenes Rohrstück gebildet ist. Da jedoch die gesamte Klemme vernickelt sein muss, bestünde dabei das Erfordernis, das Rohrstück auch an seiner Innenseite zu vernickeln, welchem Erfordernis jedoch nur mit einem besonderen technischen Aufwand entsprochen werden kann.This problem could be avoided that the sleeve-shaped connection part is formed by a self-contained piece of pipe. However, since the entire terminal must be nickel-plated, there would be the need to nickel-pipe also on its inner side, which requirement can only be met with a special technical effort.

Der gegenständlichen Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anschlussklemme zu schaffen, welche an ihrer gesamten Oberfläche vernickelt ist und bei welcher gewährleistet ist, dass sich der den elektrischen Leiter umschließende hülsenförmige Anschlussteil aufgrund von Wärmedehnungen des Leiters nicht aufweitet, wodurch eine Vergrößerung des zwischen der Anschlussklemme und dem elektrischen Leiter bestehenden Übergangswiderstandes vermieden wird.The subject invention is therefore based on the object to provide a terminal, which is nickel-plated on its entire surface and in which it is ensured that the sleeve-shaped connection part enclosing the electrical conductor does not expand due to thermal expansion of the conductor, thereby avoiding an increase in the contact resistance between the connection terminal and the electrical conductor.

Diese Aufgaben werden erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der zweite Anschlussteil durch eine aus einem Plättchen durch Verformung hergestellte Hülse gebildet ist, deren aneinander liegenden Ränder mit gegengleichen Vorsprüngen bzw. den Vorsprüngen zugeordneten Ausnehmungen versehen sind, durch welche diese Ränder miteinander verriegelt sind.These objects are achieved according to the invention in that the second connecting part is formed by a sleeve made by deformation of a plate whose adjacent edges are provided with counter-projections or the projections associated recesses through which these edges are locked together.

Vorzugsweise sind die einander gegenüberliegenden Ränder der Hülse mit mindestens einem hinterschnittenen Vorsprung bzw. mit mindestens einer diesem Vorsprung zugeordneten hinterschnittenen Ausnehmung ausgebildet, wobei der mindestens eine Vorsprung in die mindestens eine Ausnehmung eingesetzt ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Anschlussklemme ist vorzugsweise aus einer vernickelten Platte aus Kupfer bzw. einer Kupferlegierung, insbesondere aus Messing, hergestelltt.Preferably, the opposite edges of the sleeve with at least one undercut projection or with at least one projection associated with this undercut recess, wherein the at least one projection is inserted into the at least one recess. The terminal according to the invention is preferably made of a nickel-plated plate of copper or a copper alloy, in particular of brass.

Nach einem bevorzugten Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbindung eines elektrischen Leiters mit einer Anschlussklemme wird der elektrische Leiter in den hülsenförmigen zweiten Anschlussteil eingesetzt, welcher hierauf mit den elektrischen Leiter durch Verpressung verbunden wird.According to a preferred method for producing the connection of an electrical conductor with a connection terminal, the electrical conductor is inserted into the sleeve-shaped second connection part, which is then connected to the electrical conductor by compression.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
ein durch Stanzung hergestelltes Plättchen, aus welchem eine erfindungsgemäße Anschlussklemme gefertigt wird, in Draufsicht,
Fig.2
dieses Plättchen nach einem ersten Schritt der Bearbeitung, in axonometrischer Darstellung;
Fig.3
eine erfindungsgemäße Anschlussklemme, in axonometrischer Darstellung;
Fig.4
eine erfindungsgemäße Anschlussklemme, in welche ein elektrischer Leiter eingesetzt ist, in axonometrischer Darstellung;
Fig.5
eine erfindungsgemäße Anschlussklemme, nachdem diese mit einem elektrischen Leiter verbunden worden ist, in axonometrischer Darstellung; und
Fig.6
die mit dem elektrischen Leiter verbundene Anschlussklemme, in Draufsicht.
The object of the invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig.1
a manufactured by punching plate from which a terminal according to the invention is made, in plan view,
Fig.2
this platelet after a first step of processing, in axonometric representation;
Figure 3
an inventive terminal, in axonometric representation;
Figure 4
a connection terminal according to the invention, in which an electrical conductor is inserted, in axonometric representation;
Figure 5
an inventive terminal after it has been connected to an electrical conductor, in axonometric view; and
Figure 6
the connected to the electrical conductor terminal, in plan view.

In Fig.1 ist ein durch Stanzung hergestelltes Plättchen dargestellt, aus welchem ein erfindungsgemäßes Anschlusselement hergestellt wird. Dieses Plättchen besteht aus einem ersten Anschlussteil 1, welcher mit einer Anschlussöse 11 ausgebildet ist, und aus einem zweiten Anschlussteil 2, welcher zum ersten Anschlussteil 1 quer ausgerichtet ist und welcher zwei Teile 21 und 22 aufweist. Dabei sind die beiden Teile 21 an ihren freien Enden mit einem hinterschnittenen Vorsprung 23 bzw. mit einer dem Vorsprung 23 gegengleich ausgebildeten hinterschnittenen Ausnehmung 24 ausgebildet.1 shows a plate produced by stamping, from which a connecting element according to the invention is produced. This plate consists of a first connection part 1, which is formed with a connection eye 11, and a second connection part 2, which is aligned transversely to the first connection part 1 and which has two parts 21 and 22. In this case, the two parts 21 are formed at their free ends with an undercut projection 23 and with a projection 23 of the same shape undercut recess 24.

Dieses Plättchen, welches aus einer Kupferlegierung besteht, ist über seine gesamte Oberfläche vernickelt.This plate, which consists of a copper alloy, is nickel-plated over its entire surface.

Wie dies aus den Fig.2 und Fig.3 ersichtlich ist, werden in der Folge die beiden Teile 21 und 22 in eine Hülse 20 verformt, wobei diese Hülse 20 dadurch in sich geschlossen ist, dass der hinterschnittene Vorsprung 23 in die hinterschnittene Ausnehmung 24 eingesetzt ist, sodass die aneinander liegenden Stirnflächen der beiden Teile 21 und 22 miteinander verriegelt sind. Hierdurch ist eine erfindungsgemäße Anschlussklemme 3 geschaffen.As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the two parts 21 and 22 are subsequently deformed into a sleeve 20, whereby this sleeve 20 is self-contained in that the undercut projection 23 into the undercut recess 24 is used, so that the abutting end faces of the two parts 21 and 22 are locked together. As a result, an inventive terminal 3 is created.

Wie dies aus den Fig.4 und Fig.5 ersichtlich ist, wird die hierdurch gebildete Anschlussklemme 3 dadurch mit einer elektrischen Leitung 4 verbunden, dass deren abisolierter Leiter 41 in die Hülse 20 eingesetzt wird und dass hierauf die Hülse 20 in eine in ihrem Umfang verkleinerte Hülse 20a verpresst wird. In Fig.6 ist die mit dem Leiter 31 durch Verpressung verbundene Anschlussklemme 3 in Draufsicht dargestellt.As can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the connecting terminal 3 formed thereby is connected to an electrical lead 4 by inserting its stripped conductor 41 into the sleeve 20, and then inserting the sleeve 20 into its circumference reduced sleeve 20a is pressed. In Figure 6, the connected to the conductor 31 by pressing terminal 3 is shown in plan view.

Hierdurch ist eine Anschlussklemme 3 geschaffen, bei welcher gewährleistet ist, dass bei der Verbindung des hülsenförmigen Anschlussteiles 20 mit dem elektrischen Leiter 41 eine durch Wärmedehnung verursachte Lockerung in der Verbindung vermieden wird, wodurch eine Erhöhung im Übergangswiderstand dieser Verbindung ausgeschlossen wird.In this way, a terminal 3 is provided, which ensures that in the connection of the sleeve-shaped connection part 20 with the electrical conductor 41 caused by thermal expansion loosening in the connection is avoided, whereby an increase in the contact resistance of this compound is excluded.

Claims (4)

Anschlussklemme (3) für den Anschluss einer elektrischen Leitung (4) an ein elektrotechnisches Gerät mit einem ersten Anschlussteil (1), welcher z.B. mit einer Öse (11) ausgebildet ist und mit einem zweiten Anschlussteil (20), welcher hülsenförmig ausgebildet ist und welcher mit der elektrischen Leitung (4) durch Verpressung verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Anschlussteil durch eine aus einem Plättchen (1,2) durch Verformung hergestellte Hülse (20) gebildet ist, deren aneinander liegenden Ränder mit gegengleichen Vorsprüngen (23) bzw. den Vorsprüngen (23) zugeordneten Ausnehmungen (24) versehen sind, durch welche diese Ränder miteinander verriegelt sind.Connecting terminal (3) for connecting an electrical line (4) to an electrical device with a first connection part (1), which is formed for example with an eyelet (11) and with a second connecting part (20), which is sleeve-shaped and which is connected to the electrical line (4) by compression, characterized in that the second connection part is formed by a sleeve (20) made of a small plate (1, 2) by deformation, the edges of which lie against each other with diametrically opposite projections (23) or the projections (23) associated recesses (24) are provided, by which these edges are locked together. Anschlussklemme (3) nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einander gegenüberliegenden Ränder der Hülse (20) mit mindestens einem hinterschnittenen Vorsprung (23) bzw. mit mindestens einer diesem Vorsprung (23) zugeordneten hinterschnittenen Ausnehmung (24) ausgebildet sind, wobei der mindestens eine Vorsprung (23) in die mindestens eine Ausnehmung (24) eingesetzt ist.Terminal (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposite edges of the sleeve (20) with at least one undercut projection (23) or at least one of said projection (23) associated undercut recess (24) are formed, wherein the at least one projection (23) is inserted into the at least one recess (24). Anschlussklemme (3) nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus einer vernickelten Platte aus Kupfer bzw. einer Kupferlegierung, insbesondere aus Messing, hergestellt ist.Terminal (3) according to one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is made of a nickel-plated plate made of copper or a copper alloy, in particular of brass. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbindung einer elektrischen Leitung (4) mit einer Anschlussklemme (3) nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Leiter (41) in den hülsenförmigen zweiten Anschlussteil (20) eingesetzt wird, welcher hierauf mit den elektrischen Leiter (41) durch Verpressung verbunden wird.Method for producing the connection of an electrical line (4) to a connecting terminal (3) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrical conductor (41) is inserted into the sleeve-shaped second connecting part (20), which is then connected to the electrical conductor (41) is connected by compression.
EP06450084A 2005-09-16 2006-06-22 Connecting terminal Withdrawn EP1764869A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT15332005 2005-09-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1764869A2 true EP1764869A2 (en) 2007-03-21
EP1764869A3 EP1764869A3 (en) 2008-01-23

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EP06450084A Withdrawn EP1764869A3 (en) 2005-09-16 2006-06-22 Connecting terminal

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US (1) US20070066148A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1764869A3 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007012039A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-25 Trw Automotive Gmbh Cable shoe for seat belt fitting i.e. belt retractor fitting, for motor vehicle, has retaining section including edge with projection having bulge, and another edge with recess having undercut, where projection is engaged in recess
WO2011154093A1 (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-15 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Emitter comprising quartz glass bulb and current feed-through
EP3588679A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-01 TE Connectivity Germany GmbH Crimp and method for producing a crimp
DE102018130973A1 (en) 2018-12-05 2020-06-10 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection element for an electrical conductor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN217444645U (en) * 2022-05-20 2022-09-16 泰科电子科技（苏州工业园区）有限公司 Connecting terminal, cable subassembly and charging seat

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DE10138689A1 (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-03-07 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Ring cable terminal end/lug, has adjacent ends of bent part tightly joined together by hard solder weld or weld-seam

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US2466607A (en) * 1944-09-08 1949-04-05 Burndy Engineering Co Inc Insulated wire terminal
DE1021448B (en) * 1956-03-23 1957-12-27 Siemens Ag Non-detachable, two-part connector for electrical conductors with two or more sockets arranged parallel or essentially parallel to one another and connected to one another by a web or webs
US4415223A (en) * 1981-06-03 1983-11-15 Amp Incorporated Interlocking crimp sleeve and method of securing to connector
DE4232626A1 (en) * 1992-09-29 1994-03-31 Grote & Hartmann Crimp connector with claw for solderless wire bonding - is closed by tool exerting compression on sleeve-like sheet-metal body so that longitudinal edges are interlocked
DE10138689A1 (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-03-07 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Ring cable terminal end/lug, has adjacent ends of bent part tightly joined together by hard solder weld or weld-seam

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007012039A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-25 Trw Automotive Gmbh Cable shoe for seat belt fitting i.e. belt retractor fitting, for motor vehicle, has retaining section including edge with projection having bulge, and another edge with recess having undercut, where projection is engaged in recess
DE102007012039B4 (en) 2007-03-13 2022-05-05 Zf Automotive Germany Gmbh Cable shoe for a seat belt attachment and assembly comprising such a cable shoe and a cable
WO2011154093A1 (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-15 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Emitter comprising quartz glass bulb and current feed-through
EP3588679A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-01 TE Connectivity Germany GmbH Crimp and method for producing a crimp
WO2020002225A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Te Connectivity India Private Limited Crimp and method for producing a crimp
WO2020002222A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Te Connectivity India Private Limited Seam self locking crimp
CN112335129A (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-02-05 泰科电子连接印度私有有限公司 Joint self-locking crimping part
US11831116B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-11-28 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Seam self locking crimp
DE102018130973A1 (en) 2018-12-05 2020-06-10 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection element for an electrical conductor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20070066148A1 (en) 2007-03-22
EP1764869A3 (en) 2008-01-23

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