Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
  • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/60—Uniting opposed surfaces or edges; Taping
  • B31B50/64—Uniting opposed surfaces or edges; Taping by applying heat or pressure, e.g. by welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
  • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
  • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
  • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
  • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
  • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
  • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
  • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
  • B29C66/81611—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material by resilient material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
  • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
  • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
  • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
  • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
  • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
  • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
  • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
  • B29C66/4326—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making hollow articles or hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
  • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
  • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
  • B29C66/851—Bag or container making machines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an ultrasonic welding device .
• the present invention is applicable to automatic machines used in the manufacture of containers made from specially treated paper material suitable for preserving edible products .
• a container of the type in question is fashioned from a flat diecut blank bent initially along crease lines to form a tubular body.
• the tubular body is sealed along one longitudinal edge, whereupon the two opposite open ends are folded in and sealed to form the top and bottom end faces of the container.
• the top of the container will usually incorporate a plastic neck, secured by means of a sealing or welding operation, and moulded with a threaded spout to which a screw cap can be attached.
• the sealing or welding operations are performed typically by means of a conventional heat-seal tool with electric elements, or using ultrasonic energy.
• Ultrasonic welding is widely considered preferable to traditional heat sealing since it offers greater precision, safety and hygiene, and has none of the drawbacks deriving from thermal inertia and from the heat generated around the areas being sealed.
• An ultrasonic welder normally comprises a pulse generator and, wired to the generator, a transducer by which a pulsed electrical signal can be utilized to activate a vibrating element known commonly as a sonotrode .
• the vibration of the sonotrode when offered to two overlapping edges of the material being welded, generates an ultrasound output that will cause these same edges to fuse and bond together.
• ultrasonic welding devices are mounted to motion-inducing arms and manoeuvrable thus toward and away from the overlapping edges being welded, which will be suitably supported.
• the overlapping edges to be joined are pinched between the sonotrode and a respective anvil .
• the sonotrode must remain faultlessly in contact with the joined edges throughout the entire process.
• the sonotrode loses contact partially or totally with the material and the weld will appear irregular or remain complete along the full length of the joined edges.
• the drawback in question is accentuated in cases where ultrasonic welders of the type in question are utilized in automatic machines characterized by high operating speeds.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic welding device free of the drawbacks mentioned above.
• -figure 1 illustrates an ultrasonic welding device according to the present invention, viewed in section;
• FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the welding device illustrated in figure 1;
• FIG. 1 shows the welding device of figure 1 in smaller scale, viewed partly in section with certain parts omitted and illustrated in use on a machine for manufacturing food containers .
• 1 denotes an ultrasonic welding device, in its entirety, embodied according to the present invention.
• the device 1 will be incorporated preferably into a machine for manufacturing containers A (figure 3) in which edible products are packaged, and in particular liquid products such as fruit juice, milk, mineral water and the like.
• a container of the type in question comprises a tubular body appearing square in section, relative to a predominating longitudinal axis, with four walls arranged in two mutually opposed and parallel pairs.
• the tubular body is enclosed at one end, providing the bottom or base, whilst the opposite end presents a frustopyramidal portion terminating in a neck, with a mouth that can be closed by means of a screw cap.
• the four pyramidal corner edges present four respective triangular fins occupying relative mutually orthogonal planes aligned on the longitudinal axis. These same fins are then flattened and welded against two opposite side walls of the frustopyramidal portion.
• the machine is equipped with at least one heat-seal or welding assembly as described and illustrated in Italian patent application n° BO2004A 000312 entitled “A machine for forming containers” , filed on the same date as the present application and in the name of the same applicant, to which reference may be made for a full description; the assembly in question is equipped with at least one welding device 1 according to the present invention, and with motion-inducing means by which to move the device 1 toward or away from a mandrel type support S insertable into a blank of tubular shape presenting two longitudinal edges L destined to be bonded together.
• the ultrasonic welding device 1 comprises a support or housing 2 fastenable to the automatic machine, and is equipped with an anchoring component 3 by means of which to mount an ultrasonic welder 4 internally of the housing 2.
• the ultrasonic welder 4 comprises at least one vibrating element 6 referred to commonly as a sonotrode, of which the tip is positionable in contact with the edges L to be joined.
• the sonotrode 6 is associated rigidly with a first end 7a of a transducer 7 wired to an ultrasonic signal generator, indicated in figure 1 by a block 8.
• the transducer 7 preferably a piezoelectric type, receives electrical pulses from the generator 8 and converts them into vibrations which are transmitted, possibly through an amplifier, to the sonotrode 6.
• the external outline of the transducer 7 is cylindrical in shape and extends predominantly along a longitudinal axis X coinciding substantially with the axis of the sonotrode 6.
• a second end 7b of the transducer 7 presents an electrical connection 9 providing the interface with the generator 8, also an inlet port 10a and an outlet port 10b for a cooling duct, preferably conveying air and routed internally through the transducer 7.
• the sonotrode 6 is usually wedge-like in appearance and presents a first portion 6a of appreciable mass, connected to the corresponding end 7a of the transducer 7, also a second portion 6b, slender and lighter by comparison, integral with the first portion and tapering away from the transducer 7.
• the free end of the second portion 6b presents a welding surface 11 by which the joined edges L of the container A are engaged in contact and subjected to the vibratory action that causes them to fuse and bond together.
• the shape of the welding surface 11 is not uniquely definable, but selected on a case-by-case basis, for example depending on the geometry of the weld line and the positioning of the line on the container A.
• the housing 2 appears as a hollow body 12 furnished with an opening 13 (figure 2) by which the ultrasonic welder 4 is accommodated, slidably, positioned with the sonotrode 6 projecting from the body 12.
• the welder 4 is caused to shift internally of the opening 13 through the agency of the spring means 7 interposed between the transducer 7 and the hollow body 12.
• the opening 13 is a clearance hole, so that the rear end of the welder 4, which coincides with the second end 7b of the transducer 7, is also able to project from the hollow body 12, thereby affording ease of access to the electrical connection 9 and the ports 10a and 10b of the air cooling circuit.
• the hollow body 12 appears prismatic in shape, presenting a substantially square section, viewed transversely to the longitudinal axis X.
• the opening 13 likewise is of substantially square section and able to accommodate a similarly square auxiliary body or slide 14 presenting dimensions matched substantially to those of the opening 13 and consequently slidable therein along a direction coinciding with the longitudinal axis X.
• the slide 14 presents a clearance opening 15 of circular section, in which the transducer 7 is inserted and fixed.
• the transducer 7 in its turn presents an annular boss 16 affording two shoulders 17 and 18 disposed transversely to the longitudinal axis X.
• a first shoulder 17 is directed toward the second end 7b of the transducer 7, and a second shoulder 18 toward the sonotrode 6.
• the first shoulder 17 locates against a respective circular stop 19 created internally of the clearance opening 15 in the slide 14.
• a cover plate 20 fixed to the slide 14 by means of screws 20a is positioned tight against the second shoulder 18, clamping the transducer 7 internally of the selfsame slide 14.
• the plate 20 affords a circular hole 21 serving to admit the first end 7a of the transducer 7 carrying the sonotrode 6.
• the slide 14 covers the longitudinal dimension of the transducer 7 and the longitudinal dimension of the hollow body 12 only in part, so that the spring means 5 can also be housed internally of the selfsame hollow body 12.
• the spring means 5 comprise one or more tension elements 22, each interposed between the housing 2 and the slide 14, with which the welder 4 is rigidly associated.
• the tension elements 22 are embodied as coil springs centred on respective axes parallel to the longitudinal axis X, albeit other elements with comparable elastic properties might be employed, such as blocks of elastomer material, or pneumatic cylinders designed to exploit the compressibility of air or some other gas . Should it be necessary to offset the energy stored by the tension elements 22, at least in part, these can be complemented by suitable cushioning means (not illustrated) interposed between the housing 2 and the slide 14, such as will provide a suitably dimensioned mass-spring-reaction system.
• the tension elements 22 are interposed between the hollow body 12 and respective abutment surfaces 23 afforded by the four corners of the slide 14. More particularly, the slide 14 presents an area 24 at the rear, directed toward the second end 7b of the transducer 7, of which the four corners 25 are shaped with four corresponding recesses 26 each delimiting an abutment surface 23 disposed transversely to the longitudinal axis X.
• Each of the four coil springs 22 is installed with a first end 22a seated against one of the abutment surfaces 23 of the slide 14 and a second end 22b seated against the housing 2.
• each of the four springs 22 is paired coaxially with a respective guide pin 27 mounted to the slide 14.
• the single pin 27 is inserted into a hole 28 afforded by the relative abutment surface 23, anchored rigidly thus and extending perpendicular to the selfsame surface 23, parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the ultrasonic welder 4 (figure 2) .
• the second ends 22b of the springs 22 are seated against a bearing plate 29, which in turn is offered to a bearing surface 30 presented by the rear wall of the housing 2.
• the bearing plate 29 presents a central opening 31 affording a passage to the rear end of the welder 4, and four holes 32 at the four respective corners affording respective passages to the aforementioned guide pins 27.
• the bearing plate 29 stays rigidly associated with the housing 2 whilst the welder 4 slides through the opening 31 and the pins 27 slide in the holes 32 of the plate 29. It will be seen also that the unattached ends of the pins 27 are freely insertable in further holes 33 afforded by the rear end of the hollow body 12 and aligned coaxially with the holes 32 of the plate 29 (figure 1) .
• the hollow body 12 is also presented by the hollow body 12, at the end affording the opening 13, are two mutually opposed lateral appendages 34 each provided with a pair of holes 35 such as will accept respective screws 36 serving to clamp the housing 2 to a plate 37 forming part of the aforementioned anchoring component 3 , by means of which the welding device 1 is mounted to a motion-inducing arm of the automatic machine.
• the mounting plate 37 illustrated to advantage in figure 2, is equipped with fastener elements 38 such as screws or bolts by means of which it can be anchored to the aforementioned motion-inducing arm, and presents a slot 39 freely accommodating the first end 7a of the transducer 7.
• the plate 37 in question is positioned between the cover plate 20 and the first portion 6a of the sonotrode 6.
• the slot 39 extends full width to one edge 40 of the plate 37 in such a way as will allow the device 1 to be separated from the selfsame plate 37 without removing the sonotrode 6, given that the dimensions presented by the first portion 6a of the sonotrode 6 would otherwise prevent the device 1 from sliding out along the direction of the axis X.
• the device 1 is positioned in close proximity to the mandrel supporting the item to be welded, and the welding surface 11 then pressed against the material, causing the springs 22 to deform and the sonotrode 6 to retract toward the housing 2.
• the device 1 therefore operates with the springs 22 partly compressed, in such a way that any relative movement between the sonotrode and the surface being welded will be taken up by the elastic deformation of the selfsame springs 22.
• the problems encountered with the prior art are overcome, according to the present invention, and the stated objects duly realized.
• a device embodied in accordance with the present invention will produce ultrasonic welds of high quality and with high levels of repeatability.
• suspension elements can be eliminated from the supports on which items for welding are positioned, and from the arms by which motion is induced in the welders, thereby reducing the cost of the welding assemblies and of a machine in which the assemblies are installed.
• the structure of the relative welding assemblies and of the machine to which they are mounted is rendered simpler, as also is their maintenance, given that each device can be fitted to and removed from the machine without difficulty.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34967767

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (11)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2004
  • 2004-05-18 IT IT000311A patent/ITBO20040311A1/it unknown
• 2005
  • 2005-05-17 EP EP05740423A patent/EP1758728A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-05-17 WO PCT/IB2005/001451 patent/WO2005113218A1/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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