EP1753887B1 - Heavy-duty engine component - Google Patents

Heavy-duty engine component Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1753887B1
EP1753887B1 EP05751295A EP05751295A EP1753887B1 EP 1753887 B1 EP1753887 B1 EP 1753887B1 EP 05751295 A EP05751295 A EP 05751295A EP 05751295 A EP05751295 A EP 05751295A EP 1753887 B1 EP1753887 B1 EP 1753887B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wear
cam
engine component
subjected
tappet
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EP05751295A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1753887A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Strian
Stefan Birkner
Stefan Dorn
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/02—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of piston rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F01L1/143—Tappets; Push rods for use with overhead camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F01L1/16—Silencing impact; Reducing wear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tribologically and dynamically highly loaded engine component, which is designed as claimed on a sliding wear element of an internal combustion engine, such as valve clearance compensation element for a valve train or pump tappet for a high-pressure pump drive.
  • the tappet may be made of a group X210 tool steel.
  • the present invention seeks to inexpensively produce such components at the same time significantly improved wear behavior.
  • valve clearance compensation element designed as a bucket tappet cam follower, which is acted upon by a cam on its closed bottom, wherein the tappet and / or the cam of a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel of the mark DIN 1.3343 or X210CrW12 by powder metallurgy Injection molding is made.
  • the object is achieved in a pump tappet according to the invention by a pump tappet forming cam follower, which is acted upon by a cam, wherein the pump tappet and / or the cam of a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel of the DIN 1.3343 or X210CrW12 is made by powder metallurgical injection molding.
  • a steel of the brand DIN 1.3343 contains 0.80-1.10% C, 5.50-6.75% W, 1.70-2.20% V, 3.80-4.50% Cr, 4.50 -5.50% Mo and rest Fe.
  • a brand X210CrW12 steel is composed of 2.00-2.30% C, 0.10-0.40% Si, 0.30-0.60% Mn, 11.00-13.00% Cr, 0.60 -0.80% W, and balance Fe.
  • Powder metallurgy injection molding also known as metal injection molding (MIM)
  • MIM metal injection molding
  • the method is characterized in that fine metal powders in the range of 20 microns are mixed with organic binders to a homogeneous mass.
  • the volume fraction of the metal powder is usually more than 50%. It is thus obtained a mass that can be processed on injection molding machines analogous to the plastic processing.
  • injection molding process moldings are produced which already have all the typical geometric features of the finished component, but have a volume increased by the binder content.
  • the organic binders are then removed, depending on the binder system used either by thermal decomposition and evaporation or by solvent extraction.
  • the remaining porous shaped bodies are compacted by sintering under various shielding gases or under vacuum to form components with final geometric properties. The occurring linear shrinkage leads to final densities greater than 96%.
  • alloyed tool steel is to be interpreted broadly.
  • the group of tool steels includes stainless steels for the specialist high hardness, high level of wear and tear and high toughness, which are suitable for the treatment and processing of materials. You must also have a good thermal shock resistance.
  • tool steels are subdivided into cold work steels, hot work steels and high speed steels.
  • the microstructure of the blank consists of finely distributed wear-resistant carbides, which are used in a coordinated martensitic, sorbitic or pearlitic matrix. These carbides are of eminent importance for wear resistance.
  • the advantage of such a component made of an alloyed tool steel by powder metallurgical injection molding is, in addition to the near-net-shape production, in particular that its properties, and thus also its wear resistance, are constant over the entire component depth.
  • the tool steel is a cold work steel or a high-speed steel.
  • Cold work tool steels are alloyed tool steels for the manufacture of tools, in which the surface temperature of around 200 ° Celsius is generally not exceeded. In this temperature range, the steels have high hardness, good toughness and good cutting properties, as well as good resistance to impact, pressure and wear.
  • High speed steels are higher alloyed tool steels, which are mainly used for cutting materials at high cutting speeds.
  • the alloying elements chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten or their special carbides and the heat treatment give high-speed steels high tempering resistance and hot hardness up to temperatures of 600 ° C.
  • the wear characteristics of the component can be further improved by a subsequent coating process. This could be done for example by PVD or CVD methods.
  • the component may also be subjected to an additional mechanical post-processing. This may be necessary in particular if, in individual cases, precisely defined geometrical dimensions must be maintained.
  • An engine component produced according to the invention may be connected to a connection structure by a joining method, such as, for example, gluing, soldering, welding, diffusion bonding or even caulking.
  • the single FIGURE shows a side view of a mechanical valve lifter for a valve train of an internal combustion engine, partially cut.
  • the mechanical bucket tappet 1 shown in the figure has a hollow cylindrical wall 2, which is closed at one end by a bottom 3.
  • the bottom 3 is provided with a survey 4, which with the end face of a shaft of a gas exchange valve 5 is in operative connection.
  • the bottom 3 is acted upon by a cam 6, which is arranged on a camshaft 7.
  • the tappet 1 is made of a highly wear-resistant high-speed steel by means of powder metallurgy injection molding.
  • the decisive advantages of such a tappet lie in its good wear resistance over the entire material cross-section. So there is no danger that with longer life a susceptibility to wear occurs.
  • the cam 6 which is also manufactured in the manner described above by powder metallurgy injection molding. This cam 6 can then be connected to the camshaft 7, for example by a diffusion process.

Abstract

The invention relates to a heavy-duty engine component that is tribologically and dynamically highly stressed, in particular that is subjected to sliding wear, such as for example a cam follower, cam, valve actuation lever, valve-clearance compensation element. According to the invention, the engine component is produced from a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel by metal injection moulding. The advantages of a component of this type are that it can be produced with a substantially finished profile and that it has the same wear-resistance over its entire cross-section.

Description

Anwendungsgebiet der ErfindungField of application of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein tribologisch und dynamisch hoch belastetes Motorenbauteil, welches als auf einen Gleitverschleiß beanspruchtes Element einer Brennkraftmaschine, wie Ventilspielausgleichselement für einen Ventiltrieb oder Pumpenstößel für einen Hochdruckpumpenantrieb, ausgeführt ist.The invention relates to a tribologically and dynamically highly loaded engine component, which is designed as claimed on a sliding wear element of an internal combustion engine, such as valve clearance compensation element for a valve train or pump tappet for a high-pressure pump drive.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

In der Vergangenheit ist die spezifische Motorleistung vor allem durch Erhöhung der Drehzahl beträchtlich gesteigert worden. Eine Erhöhung der Drehzahl verursacht aber eine wesentlich höhere Belastung der beteiligten Motorkomponenten, wobei insbesondere die Flächenpressung erhöht wird, die wiederum zu einem erhöhten Verschleiß führt.In the past, the specific engine power has been increased considerably, especially by increasing the speed. However, an increase in the rotational speed causes a significantly higher load on the engine components involved, wherein in particular the surface pressure is increased, which in turn leads to increased wear.

So ist dem Fachmann bekannt, dass bei einem Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine zwischen dem Nocken einer Nockenwelle und einem Stößel für ein Gaswechselventil beträchtliche Flächenpressungen auftreten, die einen hohen Verschleiß der beteiligten Partner verursachen. Um jedoch die Aufgabe der Motorsteuerung einwandfrei zu erfüllen, darf der Verschleiß der beteiligten Reibungspartner während ihrer gesamten Lebensdauer nicht mehr als einige µm betragen.Thus, it is known to the person skilled in the art that, in the case of a valve drive for an internal combustion engine, considerable surface pressures occur between the cam of a camshaft and a plunger for a gas exchange valve, which causes high wear of the partners involved. However, in order to perfectly fulfill the task of motor control, the wear of the involved friction partners must not be more than a few μm during their entire service life.

Nach dem bisherigen Stand der Technik hat man ein verbessertes Verschleißverhalten auf unterschiedliche Weise zu realisieren versucht:

  • So ist beispielsweise aus der DE 1 949 479 U1 ein Stößel bekannt, der an seiner vom Nocken beaufschlagten Anlagefläche mit einer auswechselbaren Einstellscheibe aus einem Hartmetall versehen ist. Eine ähnliche Lösung ist aus der
    DE-OS 25 26 656 vorbekannt. In diesem Dokument ist ein Ventilstößel beschrieben, dessen hohler Schaft aus einem Einsatzstahl und dessen Bodenstück aus einem legierten Werkzeugstahl gefertigt ist. Auch aus der DE 32 39 325 A1 geht ein Ventilstößel für einen Verbrennungsmotor hervor, dessen Schaft aus Verschleißgründen mit einem Einsatzstück aus einem keramischen Sinterwerkstoff versehen ist.
The prior art has tried to realize an improved wear behavior in different ways:
  • For example, from the DE 1 949 479 U1 a plunger is known, which is provided on its contact surface acted upon by the cam with a replaceable adjusting disc made of a hard metal. A similar solution is from the
    DE-OS 25 26 656 previously known. In this document, a valve lifter is described, the hollow shaft is made of a case-hardened steel and the bottom piece of an alloyed tool steel. Also from the DE 32 39 325 A1 goes out a valve tappet for an internal combustion engine, whose shaft is provided for wear reasons with an insert of a ceramic sintered material.

Den vorstehend beschriebenen technischen Lösungen haftet jedoch der Nachteil an, dass zwar der Schutz gegen Verschleiß verbessert ist, dies aber nur auf aufwendige Weise zu realisieren ist. So müssen die verschleißfesten Elemente einzeln gefertigt und mit dem Stößel verbunden werden, was mit einem erheblichen Zeit- und Kostenaufwand verbunden ist.The technical solutions described above, however, has the disadvantage that although the protection against wear is improved, but this can only be realized in a complex manner. Thus, the wear-resistant elements must be made individually and connected to the plunger, which is associated with a considerable expenditure of time and money.

Man hat auch auf andere Art und Weise versucht, den Verschleißschutz zu verbessern. So werden gemäß der EP 0 334 064 A1 der Oberfläche, an der ein Steuernocken anläuft, günstige Gleiteigenschaften durch Phosphatieren oder Kadmieren verliehen. Das hatte jedoch nur geringen, insbesondere zeitlich eingeschränkten Erfolg.Attempts have also been made in other ways to improve wear protection. Thus, according to the EP 0 334 064 A1 The surface on which a control cam starts, given favorable sliding properties by phosphating or cadmium. However, this had little, especially temporally limited success.

Man hat auch versucht, den Verschleiß durch Hartverchromung zu verringern. Diese ansonsten erfolgreiche Oberflächenbeschichtung brachte in der Praxis jedoch keinen Erfolg, weil die Chromschicht nach relativ kurzer Betriebsdauer abplatzte und damit den Verschleiß zusätzlich beschleunige. Aber auch wenn die Chromschicht nur in einem Bereich von 2,5 mm aufgebracht wurde, was ein Abplatzen verhindern sollte, so hat es sich gezeigt, dass immer ein zusätzlicher Arbeitsgang erforderlich ist, um die Oberfläche mit einer Verschleißschutzschicht zu versehen.Attempts have also been made to reduce wear by hard chrome plating. However, this otherwise successful surface coating brought in practice no success, because the chromium layer peeled off after a relatively short period of operation and thus accelerate the wear in addition. But even if the chrome layer was applied only in a range of 2.5 mm, which should prevent spalling, it has been found that always an additional operation is required to provide the surface with a wear protection layer.

Die gleichen Nachteile treffen für die in der DE 41 27 639 C2 beschriebene Lösung zu. Die dort beschriebene reibungsarme Verschleißschutzschicht aus in Diamantbindungsstruktur vorliegendem Kohlenstoff für einen Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine muß ebenfalls durch einen zusätzlichen Arbeitsgang aufgebracht werden.The same disadvantages apply to those in the DE 41 27 639 C2 described solution. The described there low-friction wear protection layer of carbon present in Diamantbindungsstruktur carbon for a valve train of an internal combustion engine must also by an additional operation be applied.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist es auch bekannt, die Gleitflächen von einem Nocken bzw. Nockenfolger zur Verbesserung des Verschleißverhaltens einem aufwendigen Wärmebehandlungsprozess zu unterwerfen. So ist aus der DE 42 05 647 C2 ein Verfahren zur thermochemisch- thermischen Behandlung von Einsatzstählen bekannt, bei dem jeweils die Randzone eines Werkstücks, insbesondere von Tassenstößeln, Wälzlagerteilen, Getriebe- und Kupplungselementen, mit Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff angereichert und anschließend einer martensitischen Härtung unterworfen wird. Eine ähnliche Lösung geht aus der DE 44 18 245 C2 hervor. Nach diesem Dokument werden die Gleitflächen eines Nockengegenläufers und/oder eines Nockens einer Einsatzhärtung mit einer Aufkohlung unterworfen, der sich eine Abschreckung auf eine Temperatur deutlich unter dem Martensitstartpunkt der Randzone anschließt. Diese Verfahren haben jedoch den Nachteil, dass sie mehrere Stunden andauern.In this context, it is also known to subject the sliding surfaces of a cam or cam follower to improve the wear behavior of a complex heat treatment process. So is out of the DE 42 05 647 C2 a method for the thermochemical thermal treatment of case steels known, in which each of the edge zone of a workpiece, in particular of tappets, rolling bearing parts, gear and coupling elements, enriched with carbon and nitrogen and then subjected to a martensitic curing. A similar solution comes from the DE 44 18 245 C2 out. According to this document, the sliding surfaces of a cam counter-rotor and / or a cam are subjected to carburizing case-hardening followed by a quenching to a temperature well below the martensite starting point of the rim. However, these methods have the disadvantage that they last for several hours.

Schließlich ist es auch bekannt, verschleißfeste Bauteile aus einem sinterfähigen Eisenlegierungspulver herzustellen. So ist in der DE-OS 28 51 141 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nockens aus einem Eisenpulver beschrieben. Aus der DE 35 04 212 C2 geht ein solches Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle hervor. Dabei wird Metallpulver zunächst in einer Form unter Druck verdichtet und anschließend bei Temperaturen unter dem Schmelzpunkt geglüht. Beim Glühen des gepressten Körpers setzen Diffusionsvorgänge ein, durch die die Teilchen des Ausgangsgefüges an ihren Berührungsstellen zusammenwachsen. Das Sintern wird unterschieden in ein Vorsintern zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit der Presslinge und ein daran anschließendes Hochsintern zur maximalen Verdichtung. Die Herstellung von Formkörpern auf diese Art und Weise ist jedoch ebenfalls sehr aufwendig, da zur Verdichtung des Metallpulvers immer entsprechende Formen bereitgestellt werden müssen.Finally, it is also known to produce wear-resistant components from a sinterable iron alloy powder. So is in the DE-OS 28 51 141 A method of manufacturing a cam from an iron powder is described. From the DE 35 04 212 C2 goes out such a method for producing a camshaft. This metal powder is first compressed in a mold under pressure and then annealed at temperatures below the melting point. During the annealing of the pressed body, diffusion processes begin, through which the particles of the initial structure grow together at their points of contact. The sintering is differentiated in a pre-sintering to increase the strength of the compacts and then high sintering for maximum compression. However, the production of moldings in this manner is also very expensive, since always appropriate forms must be provided for the compression of the metal powder.

Das Dokument US 6 516 784 B1 offenbart eine Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe mit einem als Nocken einer Brennkraftmaschine ausgebildeten, tribologisch und dynamisch hoch belasteten Motorenbauteil, welches aus einem verschleißfesten legierten Werkzeugstahl durch pulvermetallurgisches Spritzgießen hergestellt ist.The document US Pat. No. 6,516,784 B1 discloses a fuel injection pump with a trained as a cam of an internal combustion engine, tribologically and dynamically highly loaded engine component, which is made of a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel by powder metallurgy injection molding.

In dem Dokument US 5 651 335 A , welches den Stößel des Ventiltriebs einer Brennkraftmaschine betrifft, ist erwähnt, dass der Stößel, um einen hohen Verschleißwiderstand zu erhalten, aus einem Werkzeugstahl der Gruppe X210 hergestellt sein kann.In the document US 5 651 335 A Concerning the tappet of the valvetrain of an internal combustion engine, it is mentioned that in order to obtain a high wear resistance, the tappet may be made of a group X210 tool steel.

Aus dem Dokument US 5 810 947 A sind schließlich Beschichtungsverfahren für Werkzeugstähle, darunter auch das Nitrieren, bekannt.From the document US 5,810,947 A Finally, coating processes for tool steels, including nitriding, are known.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Ausgehend von den Nachteilen des bekannten Standes der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, derartige Bauteile kostengünstig bei einem gleichzeitig wesentlich verbesserten Verschleißverhalten herzustellen.Based on the disadvantages of the known prior art, the present invention seeks to inexpensively produce such components at the same time significantly improved wear behavior.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe nach Anspruch 1 bei einem Ventilspielausgleichselement durch einen als Tassenstößel ausgebildeten Nockenfolger gelöst, der an seinem geschlossenen Boden von einem Nocken beaufschlagt ist, wobei der Tassenstößel und/oder der Nocken aus einem verschleißfesten legierten Werkzeugstahl der Marke DIN 1.3343 oder X210CrW12 durch pulvermetallurgisches Spritzgießen hergestellt ist.According to the invention this object is achieved according to claim 1 in a valve clearance compensation element designed as a bucket tappet cam follower, which is acted upon by a cam on its closed bottom, wherein the tappet and / or the cam of a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel of the mark DIN 1.3343 or X210CrW12 by powder metallurgy Injection molding is made.

Nach Anspruch 2 wird die Aufgabe bei einem Pumpenstößel erfindungsgemäß durch einen den Pumpenstößel bildenden Nockenfolger gelöst, der von einem Nocken beaufschlagt ist, wobei der Pumpenstößel und/oder der Nocken aus einem verschleißfesten legierten Werkzeugstahl der Marke DIN 1.3343 oder X210CrW12 durch pulvennetallurgisches Spritzgießen hergestellt ist.According to claim 2, the object is achieved in a pump tappet according to the invention by a pump tappet forming cam follower, which is acted upon by a cam, wherein the pump tappet and / or the cam of a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel of the DIN 1.3343 or X210CrW12 is made by powder metallurgical injection molding.

Ein Stahl der Marke DIN 1.3343 enthält 0,80-1,10 % C, 5,50-6,75 % W, 1,70-2,20 % V, 3,80-4,50 % Cr, 4,50-5,50 % Mo und Rest Fe. Ein Stahl der Marke X210CrW12 setzt sich zusammen aus 2,00-2,30 % C, 0,10-0,40 % Si, 0,30-0,60 % Mn, 11,00-13,00 % Cr, 0.60-0,80 % W, und Rest Fe.A steel of the brand DIN 1.3343 contains 0.80-1.10% C, 5.50-6.75% W, 1.70-2.20% V, 3.80-4.50% Cr, 4.50 -5.50% Mo and rest Fe. A brand X210CrW12 steel is composed of 2.00-2.30% C, 0.10-0.40% Si, 0.30-0.60% Mn, 11.00-13.00% Cr, 0.60 -0.80% W, and balance Fe.

Das pulvermetallurgische Spritzgießen, auch als Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) bezeichnet, ist an sich bekannt. Dabei werden die Freiheiten des Kunststoffspritzgießens bei der Bauteilgestaltung mit den Vorteilen der Pulvermetallurgie, eine breite Werkstoffpalette, sehr enge Toleranzen, kombiniert. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass feine Metallpulver im Bereich von 20 µm mit organischen Bindern zu einer homogenen Masse vermischt werden. Der Volumenanteil des Metallpulvers beträgt dabei in der Regel mehr als 50 %. Es wird so eine Masse erhalten, die analog zur Kunststoffverarbeitung auf Spritzgießmaschinen verarbeitbar ist. Im Spritzgießprozess werden Formkörper gefertigt, die schon alle typischen geometrischen Merkmale des fertigen Bauteils aufweisen, aber ein um den Bindergehalt vergrößertes Volumen besitzen. In einem Entbinderungsprozess werden dann die organischen Binder entfernt, wobei dies in Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten Bindersystem entweder durch thermische Zersetzung und Verdampfung oder auch durch eine Lösungsmittelextraktion erfolgt. Die zurückbleibenden porösen Formkörper werden durch Sintern unter verschiedenen Schutzgasen oder unter Vakuum zu Bauteilen mit endgültigen geometrischen Eigenschaften verdichtet. Die dabei auftretende lineare Schwindung führt zu Enddichten größer 96 %.Powder metallurgy injection molding, also known as metal injection molding (MIM), is known per se. The freedom of plastic injection molding in the component design with the advantages of powder metallurgy, a wide range of materials, very tight tolerances combined. The method is characterized in that fine metal powders in the range of 20 microns are mixed with organic binders to a homogeneous mass. The volume fraction of the metal powder is usually more than 50%. It is thus obtained a mass that can be processed on injection molding machines analogous to the plastic processing. In the injection molding process, moldings are produced which already have all the typical geometric features of the finished component, but have a volume increased by the binder content. In a debinding process, the organic binders are then removed, depending on the binder system used either by thermal decomposition and evaporation or by solvent extraction. The remaining porous shaped bodies are compacted by sintering under various shielding gases or under vacuum to form components with final geometric properties. The occurring linear shrinkage leads to final densities greater than 96%.

Im Sinne der Erfindung ist der Begriff legierter Werkzeugstahl breit auszulegen. Zur Gruppe der Werkzeugstähle zählen für den Fachmann Edelstähle mit hoher Härte, hohem Verschleißwüderstand und hoher Zähigkeit, die sich zur Be- und Verarbeitung von Werkstoffen eignen. Sie müssen darüber hinaus eine gute Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit aufweisen. Nach dem Stahllexikon der Fa. Peter Drösser unterteilen sich Werkzeugstähle in Kaltarbeitsstähle, Warmarbeitsstähle und Schnellarbeitsstähle.For the purposes of the invention, the term alloyed tool steel is to be interpreted broadly. The group of tool steels includes stainless steels for the specialist high hardness, high level of wear and tear and high toughness, which are suitable for the treatment and processing of materials. You must also have a good thermal shock resistance. According to the Stahllexikon of the company Peter Drösser, tool steels are subdivided into cold work steels, hot work steels and high speed steels.

Durch die Verwendung von legierten Werkzeugstählen besteht das Gefüge des Rohlings aus fein verteilten verschleißfesten Karbiden, die in eine abgestimmte martensitische, sorbitische oder perlitische Matrix eingesetzt sind. Diese Karbide sind für die Verschleißfestigkeit von eminenter Bedeutung. Der Vorteil eines solchen aus einem legierten Werkzeugstahl durch pulvermetallurgisches Spritzgießen hergestellten Bauteils liegt neben der endkontumahen Fertigung insbesondere auch darin, dass seine Eigenschaften, und damit auch seine Verschleißfestigkeit, über die ganze Bauteiltiefe hindurch konstant sind.Through the use of alloyed tool steels, the microstructure of the blank consists of finely distributed wear-resistant carbides, which are used in a coordinated martensitic, sorbitic or pearlitic matrix. These carbides are of eminent importance for wear resistance. The advantage of such a component made of an alloyed tool steel by powder metallurgical injection molding is, in addition to the near-net-shape production, in particular that its properties, and thus also its wear resistance, are constant over the entire component depth.

Nach einem weiteren Merlmal der Erfindung gemäß Anspruch 3 ist vorgesehen, dass der Werkzeugstahl ein Kaltarbeitsstahl oder ein Schnellarbeitsstahl ist. Kaltarbeitsstähle sind legierte Werkzeugstähle zur Fertigung von Werkzeugen, bei denen die Oberflächentemperatur von rund 200° Celsius im Allgemeinen nicht überschritten wird. In diesem Temperaturbereich haben die Stähle hohe Härten, gute Zähigkeiten und gute Schneidhaltigkeiten sowie ein gutes Widerstandsverhalten gegen Schlag, Druck und Verschleiß. Schnellarbeitsstähle sind höher legierte Werkzeugstähle, die vorwiegend zum Zerspanen von Werkstoffen bei hohen Schnittgeschwindigkeiten eingesetzt werden. Die Legierungselemente Chrom, Kobalt, Molybdän, Vanadium und Wolfram bzw. deren Sonderkarbide und die Wärmebehandlung verleihen den Schnellarbeitsstählen eine hohe Anlassbeständigkeit und Warmhärte bis zu Temperaturen von 600° C.According to a further Merlmal of the invention according to claim 3 it is provided that the tool steel is a cold work steel or a high-speed steel. Cold work tool steels are alloyed tool steels for the manufacture of tools, in which the surface temperature of around 200 ° Celsius is generally not exceeded. In this temperature range, the steels have high hardness, good toughness and good cutting properties, as well as good resistance to impact, pressure and wear. High speed steels are higher alloyed tool steels, which are mainly used for cutting materials at high cutting speeds. The alloying elements chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten or their special carbides and the heat treatment give high-speed steels high tempering resistance and hot hardness up to temperatures of 600 ° C.

Aus Anspruch 4 geht hervor, dass ein durch pulvermetallurgisches Spritzgießen aus einem verschleißfesten legierten Werkzeugstahl hergestelltes Bauteil anschließend einer Wärmebehandlung, wie Härten und Anlassen, laserhärten oder Nitrieren unterworfen ist. Durch diese anschließende Wärmebehandlung werden die an sich bekannten guten Verschleißeigenschaften des Bauteils nochmals verbessert.It is apparent from claim 4 that a manufactured by powder metallurgy injection molding of a wear-resistant alloyed tool steel component is then subjected to a heat treatment such as hardening and tempering, laser hardening or nitriding. By this subsequent heat treatment, the well-known good wear properties of the component are further improved.

Nach Anspruch 5 ist es auch möglich, dass die Verschleißeigenschaften des Bauteils durch ein nachfolgendes Beschichtungsverfahren nochmals verbessert werden können. Dies könnte beispielsweise durch PVD- oder CVD-Verfahren vorgenommen werden.According to claim 5, it is also possible that the wear characteristics of the component can be further improved by a subsequent coating process. This could be done for example by PVD or CVD methods.

Nach einem zusätzlichen weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung gemäß Anspruch 6 kann das Bauteil auch einer zusätzlichen mechanischen Nachbearbeitung unterworfen sein. Dies kann insbesondere dann erforderlich sein, wenn in Einzelfällen genau definierte geometrische Abmessungen eingehalten werden müssen.According to an additional further feature of the invention according to claim 6, the component may also be subjected to an additional mechanical post-processing. This may be necessary in particular if, in individual cases, precisely defined geometrical dimensions must be maintained.

Ein erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Motorenbauteil kann gemäß Anspruch 7 mit einer Anschlusskonstruktion durch ein Fügeverfahren, wie beispielsweise Kleben, Löten, Schweißen, Diffusionsverbinden oder auch Verstemmen verbunden sein.An engine component produced according to the invention may be connected to a connection structure by a joining method, such as, for example, gluing, soldering, welding, diffusion bonding or even caulking.

Insbesondere bei Pumpen-Düsen-Einspritzsystemen moderner Bauart treten hohe Einspritzdrücke auf, die zu höheren Belastungen der Hochdruckpumpe führen. Eine derartige Radialkolbenpumpe besteht in der Regel aus drei um 120° versetzt zueinander angeordneten Pumpenkolben, die von einer Exzenterwelle mit einem Mehrfachnocken angetrieben werden. Hierbei hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, zwischen Mehrfachnocken und Pumpenkolben nach der Erfindung aus einem legierten Werkzeugstahl durch pulvermetallurgisches Spritzgießen gefertigte Tassenstößel einzusetzen, da diese, wie bereits vorstehend ausgeführt, eine hervorragende Verschleißbeständigkeit aufweisen. Auf nähere Ausführungen zum Aufbau und zur Wirkungsweise derartiger Hochdruckpumpen kann an dieser Stelle verzichtet werden, da sie dem Fachmann hinreichend bekannt und bereits vorbeschrieben sind. So ist beispielsweise in der Zeitschrift mot Nr. 11/2001, Seite 13-16 das Speichereinspritzsystem Common Rail ausführlich beschrieben.Particularly in the case of pump nozzle injection systems of modern design, high injection pressures occur, which lead to higher loads on the high-pressure pump. Such a radial piston pump is usually made of three offset by 120 ° to each other pump piston, which are driven by an eccentric shaft with a multiple cam. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to use between multi-cam and pump piston according to the invention of an alloyed tool steel made by powder metallurgy injection molding cup tappets, as these, as stated above, have excellent wear resistance. Closer comments on the structure and operation of such high-pressure pumps can be dispensed with at this point, since they are well known to the skilled person and already described above. For example, in the magazine mot no. 11/2001, page 13-16 the accumulator injection system Common Rail is described in detail.

Die Erfindung wird an nachstehendem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail in the following embodiment.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines mechanischen Ventilstößels für einen Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, teilweise geschnitten.The single FIGURE shows a side view of a mechanical valve lifter for a valve train of an internal combustion engine, partially cut.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungDetailed description of the drawing

Der in der Figur dargestellte mechanische Tassenstößel 1 weist eine hohlzylindrische Wandung 2 auf, die an einem Ende durch einen Boden 3 verschlossen ist. In Richtung des offenen Endes des Tassenstößels 1 ist der Boden 3 mit einer Erhebung 4 versehen, die mit der Stirnseite eines Schaftes eines Gaswechselventiles 5 in Wirkverbindung steht. Von oben wird der Boden 3 durch einen Nocken 6 beaufschlagt, der auf einer Nockenwelle 7 angeordnet ist. Es liegt auf der Hand, dass bei hohen Drehzahlen und hohen Belastungen von modernen Motoren zwischen dem Nocken 6 und dem Boden 3 des Tassenstößels 1 hohe tribologische Belastungen auftreten, so dass beide Teile, nämlich der Nocken 6 und auch der Tassenstößel 1 bzw. dessen Boden 3 eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit bei gleitender Reibung aufweisen müssen.The mechanical bucket tappet 1 shown in the figure has a hollow cylindrical wall 2, which is closed at one end by a bottom 3. In the direction of the open end of the tappet 1, the bottom 3 is provided with a survey 4, which with the end face of a shaft of a gas exchange valve 5 is in operative connection. From the top, the bottom 3 is acted upon by a cam 6, which is arranged on a camshaft 7. It is obvious that at high speeds and high loads of modern engines between the cam 6 and the bottom 3 of the tappet 1 high tribological loads occur, so that both parts, namely the cam 6 and the tappet 1 and its bottom 3 must have a high wear resistance with sliding friction.

In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist der Tassenstößel 1 aus einem hochverschleißfesten Schnellarbeitsstahl mittels pulvermetallurgischen Spritzgieβens hergestellt. Die entscheidenden Vorteile eines solchen Stößels liegen einerseits darin, dass seine gute Verschleißbeständigkeit über den ganzen Werkstoffquerschnitt gegeben ist. Es besteht also nicht die Gefahr, dass mit längerer Lebensdauer eine Verschleißanfälligkeit eintritt. Andererseits ist durch das pulvermetallurgische Spritzgießen sichergestellt, dass der Tassenstößel 1 in einfacher Weise endkontumah, d. h., auch mit seiner in Richtung Gaswechselventil gerichteten Erhebung 4, unkompliziert herstellbar ist. Das Gleiche trifft für den Nocken 6 zu, der ebenfalls in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise durch pulvermetallurgisches Spritzgießen hergestellt ist. Dieser Nocken 6 kann dann mit der Nockenwelle 7 beispielsweise durch einen Diffusionsvorgang verbunden sein.In accordance with the invention, the tappet 1 is made of a highly wear-resistant high-speed steel by means of powder metallurgy injection molding. On the one hand, the decisive advantages of such a tappet lie in its good wear resistance over the entire material cross-section. So there is no danger that with longer life a susceptibility to wear occurs. On the other hand, it is ensured by powder metallurgy injection molding that the tappet 1 in a simple manner endkontumah, d. h., Even with its directed towards the gas exchange valve survey 4, is easy to produce. The same applies to the cam 6, which is also manufactured in the manner described above by powder metallurgy injection molding. This cam 6 can then be connected to the camshaft 7, for example by a diffusion process.

Claims (7)

  1. Engine component which is subjected to high tribological and dynamic loads and is designed as a valve clearance compensation element subjected to sliding wear for a valve drive of an internal combustion engine, comprising a cam follower which is in the form of a bucket tappet (1) and is acted upon at its closed base (3) by a cam (6), wherein the bucket tappet (1) and/or the cam (6) is produced from a wear-resistant, alloyed tool steel of the type DIN 1.3343 or X210CrW12 by metal injection moulding.
  2. Engine component which is subjected to high tribological and dynamic loads and is designed as a pump tappet subjected to sliding wear for a high-pressure pump drive of an internal combustion engine, comprising a cam follower which forms the pump tappet and is acted upon by a cam, wherein the pump tappet and/or the cam is produced from a wear-resistant, alloyed tool steel of the type DIN 1.3343 or X210CrW12 by metal injection moulding.
  3. Engine component according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tool steel is a cold-work steel or a high-speed steel.
  4. Engine component according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is subjected to a subsequent heat treatment, such as hardening and tempering, laser hardening or nitriding.
  5. Engine component according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is subjected to a coating process.
  6. Engine component according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is subjected to mechanical remachining.
  7. Engine component according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is connected to a connecting construction by a joining process such as adhesive bonding, soldering, welding, diffusion bonding or caulking.
EP05751295A 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 Heavy-duty engine component Not-in-force EP1753887B1 (en)

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DE102004028221A DE102004028221A1 (en) 2004-06-09 2004-06-09 Highly stressed engine component
PCT/EP2005/005109 WO2005121383A1 (en) 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 Heavy-duty engine component

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EP1753887A1 EP1753887A1 (en) 2007-02-21
EP1753887B1 true EP1753887B1 (en) 2011-10-05

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