Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
  • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
  • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
  • G01M3/042—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid
  • G01M3/045—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
  • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
  • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
  • G01N27/4035—Combination of a single ion-sensing electrode and a single reference electrode

Definitions

• the invention relates in general to an arrangement or system for sensing moisture or a liquid medium.
• the invention more particularly relates to an arrangement or system for sensing moisture or a liquid medium comprising a sensor.
• the invention also relates to a method of detecting moisture or a liquid medium. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of indicating that moisture or a liquid medium has been detected.
• the invention relates to software adapted to perform a method for detecting moisture or a liquid medium when executed on a computer.
• the invention relates to the use of such a system.
• Sensors powered via a coupling to an external energy source often need a transmitter of relatively high power so as to achieve proper functionality.
• the environment of a sensor in use could be subject to quite excessive electromagnetic radiation.
• One aspect of present invention relates to the problem of reducing maintenance of a moisture sensor unit.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the problem of manufacturing a moisture sensor in a cost-effective way.
• Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to the problem of improving reliability of an alarm system for moisture detection.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the problem of detecting leakage from a water pipe.
• Water pipes are commonly heat insulated. Due to this construction, one or several inner pipes are hidden meaning no visual inspection is possible or, at the very least, such inspection is time and cost consuming. If a leak develops in the water pipe, it can remain undetected for quite some time, in particular if the water pipe is located underground.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to the problem of locating a fire, such as a forest fire, at an early stage. Fires may become a great threat or problem for nearby living people and buildings. Tackling a well-developed forest fire is a huge problem, taking enormous economical resources into account. There is a need of a robust and reliable alarm system.
• Another aspect of the innovation relates to the problem of detecting a temperature change in frozen packages/articles. If packages/articles that are supposed to stay frozen reaches temperatures above 0 degrees (Celsius) severe damage could occur or the recommended life time of the product may be severely reduced.
• a sensor for detecting gaseous, steam or liquid medium comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a substrate, said substrate comprising at least one chemical compound provided at a point adjacent to at least one of said first or second electrodes; wherein said substrate is absorbent, and wherein said at least one chemical compound is capable of reacting with said gaseous or liquid medium.
• the absorbent substrate comprises paper
• the chemical compound comprises at least one of manganese dioxide (Mn0 2 ) or an alkali, such as potassium hydroxide (NaOH).
• the first electrode comprises Zinc (Zn), and wherein the second electrode comprises carbon (C), such as graphite.
• the senor further comprises a first conductor electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a second conductor electrically coupled to the second electrode.
• a first conductor electrically coupled to the first electrode Preferably at least one of said first electrode and said second electrode is provided with at least one aperture to facilitate the gaseous or liquid medium reaching the at least one chemical compound.
• said sensor is substantially flat and flexible, and the first and second electrodes are substantially parallel to each other.
• a sensor unit comprising a sensor for detecting a gaseous, steam or liquid medium, said sensor comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a substrate, said substrate comprising at least one chemical compound at a point adjacent to at least one of said first electrode or second electrode, said substrate is absorbent; and said at least one chemical compound reacts with said gaseous or liquid medium; said sensor unit further comprising: a signaling device electrically coupled to said sensor and arranged to be powered by said sensor, wherein the signaling device comprises means for generating a signal.
• the sensor unit further comprising means for transmitting said signal.
• said signaling device comprises a first information unit including predetermined unique information, for example identification data.
• the identification data is also referred to as a "tag”.
• the senor is arranged to power the signaling device through reaction between the gaseous, steam or liquid medium and the at least one chemical compound.
• the sensor unit is arranged to communicate with an alarm unit, and said alarm unit is arranged to produce a signal.
• at least one sensor is arranged for communicating at least one of a second information unit and a third information unit to the signaling device, wherein said signaling device is arranged to include said second and/or third information unit in the signal.
• a surprising benefit of devices according to the present invention is their ability to be produced in a streamlined, flexible shape. This facilitates production, for example, they can be produced using printing techniques. Other known manufacturing techniques can be employed, where suitable to the inventive devices. Installation of such devices can also be done economically. Fitting devices can be provided on each unit, for example, holes can be provided for affixing the device to a solid support. Alternatively, adhesive can be used if configured in such a way as to not interfere with the device's function. Both the flexibility of manufacture and the streamlined design allow for production of articles meeting a wide variety of size and shape demands.
• One particularly advantageously method of manufacturing a sensor by means of a printing press comprising the steps of: -applying at least one chemical compound to a substrate; -applying a first electrode to a first side of the substrate;
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates a system comprising a moisture sensor, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2a schematically illustrates system comprising a moisture sensor, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2b schematically illustrates system comprising a moisture sensor, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 3 a illustrates a cross section view of a first sensor unit, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 3b schematically illustrates a top view of a first sensor unit, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4a illustrates a method for moisture detection, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4b illustrates in greater detail a method for moisture detection, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 5 illustrates a person buried under snow, said person being equipped with a moisture sensor according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6a illustrates a cross-section view of an insulated water pipe.
• Figure 6b illustrates a cross-section view of an insulated water pipe.
• Figure 6c illusfrates a cross-section view of an insulated water pipe provided with a moisture sensor, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6d illusfrates a cross-section view of a water pipe provided with a moisture sensor, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6e illusfrates an alarm system connected to a water pipe, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 7 illusfrates a system for detecting moisture, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG 8a illustrates an alarm device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 8b illustrates a triangulating system
• Figure 9 illusfrates an apparatus, which is used according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 10a illusfrates a frozen package or article with a frozen wet moisture sensor that is arranged to detect a temperature drop, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 10b illusfrates a container containing the frozen package or article with the frozen wet moisture sensor, with reference to Fig. 10a.
• Figure 10c illusfrates a container containing the frozen package or article with the frozen wet moisture sensor, with reference to Fig. 10a.
• a system for moisture detection comprising a moisture sensor
• the system comprises a sensor unit 2 and an alarm unit 4.
• the sensor unit 2 may also be referred to as moisture sensor unit.
• the sensor unit 2 is arranged for communication with the alarm unit 4 via a link 3.
• the link 3 is a wireless link.
• the link 3 may be a radio link wherein communication is performed with radio frequency (RF) signals.
• RF radio frequency
• an arbitrary communication frequency can be applied.
• RFID Radio Frequency Identification
• the communication may be an optical communication, e.g. IR (Infra Red), or sonic communication, e.g. using ultrasound.
• sensor unit 2 When not is use, sensor unit 2 is dry and inactive. The addition of moisture causes sensor unit 2 to activate. This activation results in a signal being sent to alarm unit 4.
• Alarm unit 4 responds by displaying or further communicating an alarm message.
• a sensor unit is designed to detect and alert to the presence of water in the form of steam or liquid, it is provided with at least one chemical substance, which reacts with water to form elecfrolytes. Such a chemical substance is provided in or adjacent to an absorptive substrate.
• the chemical substance(s) contact the water and form an electrolyte solution within the substrate.
• the substrate in turn, is sandwiched between two opposing electrodes having mutually different galvanic potentials.
• the presence of the reaction product in the substrate creates an electrical current which is sent to a signaling device 14.
• the presence of an electrical current flowing from the sensor is therefore an indication that moisture has been detected.
• different sensor units can be configured based on the target material for detection. This includes different shapes and sizes based on different concenfration levels of the target. Where the target moisture is highly toxic, the unit could respond to an extremely low amount of moisture. In contrast, in uses where the target moisture must reach a particular level of concentration in the immediate environment before the alarm unit should be activated, a different design can be employed.
• FIG. 2a illustrates the sensor unit 2 in greater detail, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• a first sensor 5 is adapted for communication with a service electronic unit 7 via a connector 72.
• the connector 72 comprises two electrically conductive electrodes, which are described with reference to Fig. 2b below.
• a second sensor 6 is adopted for communication with the service electronic unit 7 via a link 73.
• the first sensor 5 is adopted for commumcation with the second sensor 6 via a link 71.
• the first and second sensor 5 and 6 are not connected via the link 71 but via the service electronic unit 7.
• the first and second sensor 5 and 6 are not arranged for communication with each other.
• the service electronic unit 7 is adopted for communication with a RF circuitry 8 via a link 74.
• the RF circuitry 8 is provided with an antenna 9 adopted for transmission of radio waves.
• the service electronic unit 7 may comprise electronics arranged to transform the electrical energy supplied from the first sensor 5 to levels adequate for powering other parts of the sensor unit 2.
• the service electronic unit can thus contain up- or down voltage converters, voltage and current stabilizers, electronics arranged to service second sensors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d and 20e (shown in e.g. Fig. 2b), conditioning amplifiers, filters and other types of signal processing blocks.
• the service electronic unit 7 comprises an identity number generating module arranged to generate an unique information comprising an identity number. Said information could alternatively be stored in a memory in the identity number generating module.
• a signal coding module provided in the service electronic unit 7, is arranged to modulate a signal, comprising said generated identity number.
• Said signal is an alarm signal supposed to be sent via the RF circuitry 8 and the antenna 9.
• the service electronic unit 7 also comprises a clock signal module arranged to generate a clock signal for designed electronics in the sensor unit 2.
• the RF circuitry 8 may comprise a self-oscillator, modulation circuitry, output (booster) amplifier module, and an antenna matching module.
• the first sensor 5 is arranged for powering the service electronic unit 7 upon detection of moisture.
• the first sensor 5 is arranged for powering the second sensor 6 upon detection of moisture. This can either be performed via the service electronic unit 7 or directly via a connector 75 (not shown) provided between the first sensor 5 and the second sensor 6.
• the first sensor 5 is arranged for powering the RF circuitry 8 upon detection of moisture.
• link refers to connections, i.e. a physical or a wireless connection.
• the link can comprise a physical connector, such as a wire, or a wireless means, such as a radio communication link.
• the service electronic unit 7 comprises the second sensor 6 and the RF circuitry 8.
• An arrangement comprising service electronic unit 7 and the RF circuitry 8 is referred to as signaling device 14.
• FIG. 2b illusfrates the sensor unit 2 in greater detail, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the sensor unit 2 comprises the five independently functioning sensors in addition to what is depicted with reference to Figure 2a.
• the five sensors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d and 20e are connected to the service electric unit 7 via links 21a, 21b, 21c, 2 Id and 21e, respectively.
• the five sensors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d and 20e are adapted for communication with the service electric unit 7 via links 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d and 21 e, respectively.
• the five sensors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d and 20e are adapted to use energy only while the primary sensor 5 generates an electrical current.
• the sensor 20a is a sensor for sensing humidity.
• the sensor 20b is a sensor for sensing a rotation in space.
• the sensor 20c is a sensor for sensing pressure.
• the sensor 20d is a sensor for sensing a particular substance, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
• the sensor 20e is a sensor for sensing a position in time and thereby also velocity and acceleration of the sensor unit relative a point fixed in space.
• the sensor unit 2 may be provided with other types of sensors depending upon what parameters are relevant for the particular application.
• the present invention is particularly well-designed for uses in which water (steam or liquid) are to be detected.
• This includes underground pipe applications which could involve sewage, which comprises predominantly contaminated water.
• specific applications disclosed herein detect urine.
• Other applications include juices and emissions from food products such as juice formed from crushed or over-ripe fruit, containerized liquids such as alcohol or other drinks that are intended to be stored in a closed container but which containers can rupture or leak.
• the invention is to be interpreted as a moisture or liquid detecting sensor, and not limited to any one particular type of moisture or liquid.
• the liquid may be a water-containing liquid.
• concentrations of moisture that can successfully be detected vary on the size and configuration of the sensor as well as the chemical compound(s) used.
• the moisture can be in the parts per billion range.
• Other uses could call for indication of moisture if, for example, humidity reaches more than 70%. That is, extremely small amounts of moisture can activate the sensor, or the sensor can be inert with respect to rather large amounts of moisture, depending upon the application. In preferred configurations, 3-5 ml can activate the sensor. In other configurations, less than 1ml will activate the sensor. Further, and amount less than 10 cl can be the threshold after which the sensor is activated.
• sensors can be provided to accompany shipment of goods which are sensitive to moisture, such as computer components, e.g. electrical components. Where this is the case, the entry of any detectable moisture to the container can be met with an alarm. In other applications, a threshold level of moisture may reach the device before it is activated.
• Figure 3a illusfrates, by way of example, a cross section view of the first sensor 5, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the first sensor 5 comprises a first elecfrode 12a and a second electrode 12b separated by a substrate 11.
• the substrate 11 is pre-loaded with a first chemical compound 15a provided adjacent to, or in contact with, the first elecfrode 12a and a second chemical compound 15b provided adjacent to, or in contact with, the second elecfrode 12b.
• the chemical compounds may be provided independently or on the electrodes at the manufacturing stage.
• the first electrode is the cathode and is made of Zinc (Zn).
• the second elecfrode is the anode and is made of Mn0 2 and Carbon (C). It should be noted that chemical compounds other than above-mentioned may be used depending upon the chosen application and desired properties of the first sensor 5.
• the first sensor 5 can be a Carbon-Zink cell, alkali cell, Leclanche cell, or other suitable cell.
• An electrolyte formed in the first sensor 5 may for example comprise ZnCl 2 (zinc chloride), or NH 4 C1 (ammonium chloride), or a combination thereof.
• the electrolyte formed in the first sensor has high conductivity.
• the sensor 5 generates a voltage V of 0.8V. According to one embodiment the sensor 5 generates a voltage V of 1.2V. According to one embodiment the sensor 5 generates a voltage V of 1.2V. According to one embodiment the sensor 5 generates a voltage V in a range of 1.5- 3.0V.
• the substrate 11 should have absorptive properties so as to effectively retain and transport moisture into a zone between the first elecfrode 12a and the second elecfrode 12b.
• the first and second chemical compounds (15a and 15b) react with the moisture in the substrate to form elecfrolytes between the first and second elecfrode.
• the substrate according to one embodiment is paper-based.
• the first and second electrode 12a and 12b are provided with four apertures 32a, 34a, 32b and 34b to allow moisture to contact the chemical compounds 15a and 15b fast and efficiently.
• the apertures 32a and 32b are arranged for providing moisture to the absorbent substrate 11.
• the apertures 34a and 34b are arranged for providing moisture to the chemical compounds 15a and 15b, respectively.
• the electrodes 12a and 12b are not provided with apertures.
• the electrodes 12a and 12b can be provided with apertures arranged to maximize formation of the electrolyte between the electrodes 12a and 12b.
• the apertures can be sized and configured to selectively permit passage of particular liquid molecules to make the sensor even more specific to a target substance.
• a first connector 14a is connected to the first elecfrode 12a at a first end thereof.
• the first connector 14a is also connected to the service electronic unit 7 at a second end thereof (not shown).
• a second connector 14b is connected to the second electrode 12b at a first end thereof.
• the second connector 14b is also connected to the service electronic unit 7 at a second end thereof (not shown).
• the first and second connectors 14a and 14b can also be connected to the second sensor 6 and the RF circuitry 8 (not shown).
• the first sensor 5 is arranged to power the service electronic unit 7 via the first and second connector 14a and 14b.
• the first and second connectors 14a and 14b can also be connected to the signaling device 14 according to one embodiment. In this case the sensor 5 is arranged to power the signaling device 14 accordingly.
• the power capacity of the first sensor 5 can be chosen arbitrary by varying the shape and dimensions of the first sensor. Endurance is determined by, e.g., amount of chemical compounds 15a and 15b and amount of moisture available for forming the elecfrolyte.
• the first sensor is designed to fit the power consumption demand of the sensor unit 2.
• the first senor is 2.0x2.0x0.2 cm. According to another embodiment the first senor is 6.0x8.0x0.5cm. It should however be noted that current generated by the first sensor 5 is dependent upon the size of the electrodes 12a and 12b, respectively. In general, the generated electrical current is proportional to the surface area of the electrodes 12a and 12b.
• the first sensor 5 is manufactured by using printing technology, i.e. the first senor is printed on a sheet of paper.
• the first and second chemical compounds 15a and 15b are first printed on opposite sides of the sheet of paper.
• the electrodes 12a and 12b are printed on top of the chemical compounds 15a and 15b, respectively.
• the conductors 14a and 14b are printed accordingly.
• the first sensor 5 may be detachably connected to the service elecfronic unit 7.
• the first sensor 5 may be detachably connected to the second sensor 6.
• Figure 3b illustrates a top view of the first sensor 5.
• Figure 4a illusfrates a method detecting a gaseous, steam or liquid medium.
• the method starts with a method step s401 and thereafter ends.
• the method step s401 comprising the steps of:
• the method comprising the step of: -generating the signal comprising predetermined information in response to said activation.
• the method comprising the step of: -coding said signal prior to said transmitting step.
• FIG 4b illusfrates in greater detail a method for moisture detection and indication of the same.
• moisture reaches the first sensor 5 shown in Figure 2a and 2b, and Figure 3 a and 3 b.
• the moisture is absorbed by the substrate 11 and contacts the chemical compounds 15a and 15b.
• the step s405 is followed by a step s410.
• the moisture reacts with the chemical compounds 15a and 15b.
• the reaction is a chemical reaction.
• the reaction results in a formation of an elecfrolyte between the electrodes 12a and 12b.
• the step s410 is followed by a step s415.
• step s415 electrical power is generated, as a consequence of the method step s410.
• a voltage V between the electrodes is in the range 1.0V and 3.0V.
• An electrical current is thereby provided through the conductors 14a and 14b.
• the step s415 is followed by a method step s420.
• the second sensor 6, service elecfronic unit 7 and the RF circuitry 8 are activated by the supplied power.
• a second information unit is generated and sent from the second sensor 6 to the service elecfronic unit 7.
• At least one set of third information unit is generated and sent from one or several sensors 20a-e, respectively, to the service elecfronic unit 7.
• a first information unit comprising information about the sensor unit itself, such as an unique identity number information, is sent from the service elecfronic unit 7 to the RF circuitry 8, together with the second and third information units.
• the step s420 is followed by a step s425.
• step s425 an alarm signal comprising the first, second and third information units is generated.
• step s425 is followed by a step s430.
• step s430 a signal 110 is sent from the RF circuitry 8 via the antenna 9 to an external unit, such as the alarm unit 4.
• the step s430 is followed by a method step s435.
• the external unit 4 receives s435 the signal 110. Thereafter the method ends.
• the signal 110 comprising the first, second and third information units 100, 105 and 107, might also be coded.
• FIG. 5 illusfrates an application of the moisture sensor system, which is shown with reference to Fig. 1 , namely, an avalanche safety device.
• the figure depicts a person 510 buried under massive snow 540 and ice formed by an avalanche.
• the moisture sensor 5 also referred to as tag 530, which should be located appropriately, so as to easily be activated when desired conditions exist.
• the sensor 5 may, for example, be attached to the crotch area of the inner lining of a wind overall.
• the generated RF-signal 110 may be used to trigger a stronger transmitter 520 to send a stronger signal 560.
• a stronger transmitter 520 may be used to trigger a stronger signal 560.
• a life vest provided with a moisture sensor and a co- working transmitter significantly increases the chances of saving people who, for example, have fallen overboard a vessel, and thereby involuntarily end up in water.
• a life vest is often equipped with safety features such as a flashlight, which operate on a built-in battery.
• safety features such as a flashlight, which operate on a built-in battery.
• finding a victim floating in rough seas is difficult during certain circumstances, such as lacking brightness of the flashlight during daytime and obstruction of view by high waves.
• a system comprising the moisture sensor 5 can thus be used as a ⁇ -transmitting beacon.
• the sensor is attached to the life vest and may be covered by a plastic peel- off strip.
• the peel-off strip is peeled off to let the water access the moisture sensor 5.
• the sensor 5 thereafter functions as described above, i.e. the sensor starts to send signals such as messages comprising identity number.
• a transmitter of the system can be a single or multi-band unit and can send signals of predetermined frequencies, for example, at those frequencies allocated for rescue services.
• the fransmitter is arranged to work in a burst mode. The signals are easy to track from a helicopter or an airplane.
• Satellite systems such as IMNARSAT, may be used in a procedure of locating a person wearing such a life vest provided with the moisture sensor.
• Figure 6a illusfrates a cross-section view of an insulated water pipe 600.
• the water pipe 600 has a first pipe 605, also referred to as a jacket, containing a second pipe 615.
• the first pipe 605 is built with plastic or other appropriate material.
• the second pipe 615 is arranged to lead water.
• the second pipe is built with a metal or alloy, such as steel or copper, or a material which is a good leader of electromagnetic waves.
• An insulator 610 for example a heat insulator, is provided outside the second pipe 615 and within the first pipe 605, so as to at least partly insulate the second pipe 615.
• the insulator may consist of fiberglass material, foamed plastic or fiberous material.
• FIG. 6b illusfrates a cross-section view of an insulated water pipe 600 containing two second pipes 615a and 615b.
• the water pipe can contain a plurality of insulated second pipes.
• Figure 6c illusfrates a cross-section view of the water pipe 600 provided with a moisture sensor 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the wireless maintenance- free sensor 2 is provided near the surface of the second pipe 615 so as to detect a liquid or moisture from a leak.
• the sensor unit 2 (not shown), comprising the first sensor 2, is arranged for communication with the second pipe 615 via the service electronics unit 7 and the RF circuitry 8 (not shown).
• Figure 6d illusfrates a cross-section view of the water pipe 600 having two second pipes 615a and 615b provided with a moisture sensor unit 2a and 2b, respectively, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the moisture sensor units 2a and 2b are placed in positions which are mutually independent along a vertical line 699. Alternatively, the moisture sensors 2a and 2b are placed on opposite sides of the vertical line 699. Alternatively, the moisture sensors 2a and 2b are placed on the same side of the vertical line 699.
• Figure 6e illusfrates a system for detecting moisture connected to the water pipe 600 of arbitrary length and form, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the moisture sensor unit 2 is located at a position P2.
• the moisture sensor 2 reacts with moisture originating from a leak at position PI of the water pipe 600 as described above. It generates an electromagnetic signal which is fed to the second pipe 615 and transmitted therein. Propagation distance can be quite far, for example 10km.
• the antenna 9 (not shown) of the moisture sensor 2 may be coupled to the second pipe 615. Alternatively, the antenna 9 is not directly connected to the second pipe 615, but coupling is performed via the insulator 610 or a coupling device (not shown).
• a receiving station 650 is arranged to receive signals fed via the second pipe 615 by the moisture sensor 2.
• the receiving station is adapted for communication with the second pipe 615 via a link 670. More than one receiving station may be used so as to increase reliability of leak detection.
• the receiving station 650 is arranged for communication with a computer 660 via a communication link 671.
• Received signals are processed so as to locate the activated moisture sensor 2. This is performed by a matching procedure using information stored in a database.
• the unique tag information of the activated moisture sensor 2 is matched so as to achieve the position P2 of the activated moisture sensor 2.
• the result is displayed on a monitor connected to the computer 660.
• Several moisture sensors 2 may be activated at once or in succession. In this case all the activated moisture sensors 2, together with the time of activation, respectively, are identified.
• Procedures for determining a sensor, among the plurality of activated moisture sensors 2, which is the closest to the leakage, are stored in the computer 660. The procedures can be performed automatically.
• Anti-collision protocols implemented in the moisture sensor 2 would make it possible to detect multiple alerts, for example 30-50, simultaneously, and would automatically recognize all ID numbers of the activated tags.
• Figure 7 illusfrates a system arranged for detecting moisture, and subsequently sounding an alarm.
• the system is also referred to as alarm system 700.
• the system may for example be installed in a house, shop, vessel, truck or other building or vehicle.
• the system 700 comprises a sensor unit 705, which is arranged for wireless communication with a support unit 710 via a link 780.
• the support unit 780 is arranged for wireless communication with an alarm unit 720 via a link 781.
• the alarm unit 720 is also referred to as alarm unit 4.
• the sensor unit 705 comprises the sensor unit 2 which is depicted with reference to Fig. 2a and b, and Fig. 3a and 3b.
• the sensor unit 705 is arranged to detect moisture according to what is described above and to generate a first signal, which is sent to the support unit 710.
• the first signal may be sent repeatedly during a certain time frame, for example 10 seconds.
• the support unit 710 Upon reception of the first signal the support unit 710 sends a second signal to the alarm unit 720.
• the first signal and the second signal can be essentially identical.
• the support unit 710 is placed at a distance up to, for example, 10-20 meters from the sensor unit 705. In an alternative configuration the distance is longer than 10 meters. In a yet another alternative configuration a plurality of support units are provided so as to increase the reliability of the alarm system 700.
• the alarm unit 720 is arranged to allow easy detection of the second signal.
• the alarm unit is arranged for performing an alarm action upon reception of the second signal.
• the alarm action can be visual, audio or some other type of signal.
• the alarm unit 720 is also arranged for transmitting a message 745 (not shown) related to the detection of moisture by the sensor unit to, for example, an emergency service centre, a call center, a mobile phone of a user of the system 700, or other.
• the message 745 can be an e-mail, SMS, MMS or other digital message.
• the alarm unit 720 is arranged to indicate on a monitor or a TV that an alarm is in progress.
• a plurality of alarm units is provided in the system 700 so as to increase reliability.
• Figure 8a illusfrates an arrangement comprising the sensor unit depicted with reference to Figs. 2a and 2b.
• An alarm device 800 comprises a first part 805. The alarm device is arranged to detect elevated temperature (fire).
• the alarm unit 800 also comprises a second part 810 separated from the first part by a third part 815.
• a housing 807 circumscribes the first, second and third parts.
• the first part comprises the sensor unit arranged for detecting moisture.
• the second part 810 contains water or other fluid medium designed to react with the chemical compound provided in the sensor unit in a preferred or intended way.
• the third part (815) is provided as a solid material having a pre-selected boiling point.
• the material is solid at temperatures of ordinary use, but at increased temperatures becomes liquid, permitting flow of the molten material as well as the fluid of the second part 810.
• the medium of the second part is solid at ordinary use temperatures but liquid at temperatures where the device is designed to be activated, and no third part is provided.
• the alarm device 800 is arranged for sending an alarm signal in response to an external event, such as a fire or other event causing an increase of temperature in the alarm unit 800. That is, when material such as wax provided within the third part 815 melts in reaction to increased temperature, the water provided within the second part 810 is transferred towards the first part and subsequently reacts with the chemical compound of the sensor unit provided in the first part 805. This procedure results in a procedure in accordance with what is described above, i.e., the service electronics unit or the RF circuitry of the sensor unit generates an alarm signal, which is transmitted via the antenna.
• an external event such as a fire or other event causing an increase of temperature in the alarm unit 800. That is, when material such as wax provided within the third part 815 melts in reaction to increased temperature, the water provided within the second part 810 is transferred towards the first part and subsequently reacts with the chemical compound of the sensor unit provided in the first part 805. This procedure results in a procedure in accordance with what is described above, i.e., the service electronics
• the alarm device 800 may be provided by manually attaching the same to, for example, a tree or building.
• the alarm device 800 can be provided with a parachute (not shown) and placed by being dropped from a helicopter or airplane.
• Figure 8b illustrates a way of locating a position of the alarm device 800.
• Three receiver stations 851, 852 and 853 are arranged to receive alarm signals from the alarm device 800.
• the alarm unit 800 can be located with high precision.
• two receiver stations can be used for locating the alarm unit 800.
• more than three receiver stations can be used.
• the receiver stations 851, 852 and 853 are arranged for communication via a link 871 and 872.
• the receiver stations are mobile or attached to vehicles.
• GPS Global Positioning System
• the alarm signal comprises unique information, such as an identity number, which information can be used so as to identify the location of the alarm unit.
• the alarm signal is processed so as to locate the alarm unit 800. This is performed by a matching procedure using information stored in a database.
• the unique information of the alarm signal is matched with said stored information so as to achieve the position/location of the activated moisture sensor 2.
• the above-mentioned computer 660 or a monitoring device may include the apparatus 900.
• the apparatus 900 comprises a non- volatile memory 920, a data processing device 910 and a read/write memory 950.
• the non- volatile memory 920 has a first memory portion 930 wherein a computer program, such as an operating system, is stored for controlling the function of the apparatus 900.
• the apparatus 900 comprises a bus controller, a serial communication port, I/O-means, an A/D-converter, a time date entry and transmission unit, an event counter and an interrupt controller (not shown).
• the non-volatile memory 920 also has a second memory portion 940.
• a computer program comprising routines for carrying out processing and analysis of the first, second and third information and further implementing predetermined actions, such as performing an alarm procedure is provided.
• the program may be stored in an executable manner or in a compressed state in a memory 960 and/or in read/write memory 950.
• the data processing device 900 may be, for example, a microprocessor.
• the data processing device 910 When it is described that the data processing device 910 performs a certain function it should be understood that the data processing device 910 performs a certain part of the program which is stored in the memory 960, or a certain part of the program which is stored in the read/write memory 950.
• the data processing device 910 may communicate with a data port 990 by means of a data bus 915.
• the non- volatile memory 920 is adapted for communication with the data processing device 910 via a data bus 912.
• the separate memory 960 is adapted to communicate with the data processing device 910 via data bus 911.
• the read/write memory 950 is adapted to communicate with the data processing device 910 via a data bus 914.
• data received on the data port 990 When data is received on the data port 990 it is temporarily stored in the second memory portion 940. When the received input data has been temporarily stored, the data processing device 910 is set up to perform execution of code in a manner described above. According to one embodiment, data received on the data port 990 comprises the first, second and third information units. This information can be used by the apparatus 900 so as to control an alarm procedure.
• Parts of the methods described herein can be performed by the apparatus 900 by means of the data processing device 910 running the program stored in the memory 960 or read/write memory 950.
• the apparatus 900 runs the program, parts of herein described methods are executed.
• Figure 10a illusfrates a frozen package or article with a frozen wet moisture sensor that is arranged to detect a temperature drop, according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the figure 10a illusfrates a frozen package or article provided with a moisture sensor, according to an aspect of the invention, which is arranged to be activated by moisture release due to a temperature change, such as a temperature drop, in the package or article.
• the moisture can be generated by the package or article itself, or alternatively, the sensor could be preloaded with a liquid medium in a solid phase, for example water (ice), that will melt when the temperature increase above 0 degrees Celsius.
• Figure 10b illusfrates an electrically powered cooling container, such as a freezer, containing the frozen package or article with the frozen wet moisture sensor, with reference to Fig. 10a.
• an electrically powered cooling container such as a freezer
• the container manages to keep an inner temperature of the container below a certain threshold value, for example -10 degrees Celsius, since the powering of the container is functioning properly.
• a certain threshold value for example -10 degrees Celsius
• the inner temperature of the container is about -12 degrees Celsius.
• Figure 10c illusfrates the cooling container containing the package or article with the wet moisture sensor.
• the package does not remain frozen while the container does not manages to keep an inner temperature of the container below the threshold value since the powering of the container is interrupted or faulty in some way.
• the inner temperature of the container is about 0 degrees Celsius.
• an RF-signal is generated as described above.
• the RF-signal is trigging an alarm system.
• the frozen moisture sensor could be connected to an electronic unit (chip or printed polymer circuit) that could recalculate and communicate an updated last date of usage depending on the time the article or package been exposed to the wrong temperature.

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• 2005
  • 2005-06-03 WO PCT/SE2005/000849 patent/WO2005119195A1/en active Application Filing
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