EP1734303A2 - Chaudière à combustible granulé à haute récupération d'énergie - Google Patents

Chaudière à combustible granulé à haute récupération d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1734303A2
EP1734303A2 EP06114199A EP06114199A EP1734303A2 EP 1734303 A2 EP1734303 A2 EP 1734303A2 EP 06114199 A EP06114199 A EP 06114199A EP 06114199 A EP06114199 A EP 06114199A EP 1734303 A2 EP1734303 A2 EP 1734303A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
combustion chamber
combustion
boiler according
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06114199A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1734303B1 (fr
EP1734303A3 (fr
Inventor
Mario Acquaro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Famaritl (Innovation Technology Lab) Srl
Original Assignee
Famaritl (Innovation Technology Lab) Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Famaritl (Innovation Technology Lab) Srl filed Critical Famaritl (Innovation Technology Lab) Srl
Publication of EP1734303A2 publication Critical patent/EP1734303A2/fr
Publication of EP1734303A3 publication Critical patent/EP1734303A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1734303B1 publication Critical patent/EP1734303B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F23B40/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface into pot- or trough-shaped grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/024—Closed stoves for pulverulent fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H6/00—Combined water and air heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler which is fed with elements obtained by compression of combustion-supporting material, also known as pellets, characterized by high energy recovery.
  • pellets allows to limit the problems that occur when using ordinary firewood as solid fuel, such as the large volume occupied by the wood and the need to add frequently by hand new pieces of wood in order to feed the fire.
  • pellets are usually composed of pressed wood, with respect to ordinary firewood they have smaller volumes for an equal heating value, and the addition of new pellets to feed the fire, thanks to their limited dimensions, is fit for automation, therefore no longer requiring frequent intervention by an operator.
  • Stoves are in use which use pellets and usually comprise a hopper from which they are introduced periodically and automatically, for example by means of one or more screw feeders driven by electric motors, into a burner in which they burn.
  • boilers are also known in which the heat of the combustion chamber is transferred outside said chamber by means of a heat transfer medium, typically constituted by water, which is made to flow adjacent to the combustion chamber so as to come into contact with the hot parts thereof, becoming warm; the heat transfer medium is then sent to the heating system.
  • a heat transfer medium typically constituted by water
  • burners which partially recover the heat contained in the combustion gases; these known types of pellet boiler are present in two types, termed respectively fire tube and water tube.
  • fire tube boilers In so-called fire tube boilers, the gases generated in the combustion of the pellets, before entering the flue from which they are expelled into the outside environment, are made to flow by forced draft inside tubes immersed in water; the gases thus transfer heat to the water, heating it, and said water is sent to the heating system.
  • combustion gases are instead made to flow outside tubes in which water to be heated circulates, and by making contact with the surface of said tubes they transfer a certain amount of their heat to the water, which is sent to the heating system.
  • the aim of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, eliminating the drawbacks of the cited background art, by providing a pellet boiler which has high energy efficiency and is therefore capable of heating even large enclosed spaces and optionally of heating simultaneously a sufficient amount of fluid for hygienic-sanitary uses and of having warm air in the surrounding environment.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a pellet boiler which does not require frequent cleaning and maintenance interventions and has a long life.
  • Another object of the invention is to achieve high energy efficiency, utilizing optimally the heat generated by the combustion of the pellets.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a pellet boiler which is structurally simple and has low manufacturing costs.
  • a pellet boiler which comprises a combustion chamber which is delimited at the rear by a first wall and at the front by a second wall and contains in a lower region a hearth, characterized in that it has means for feeding primary and secondary combustion-supporting air from outside into said combustion chamber, which comprise an interspace arranged above said hearth and adjacent to said first wall, a heat exchanger, which is arranged above and to the rear of said combustion chamber for the recovery of the combustion gases and for a heat transfer medium, to the rear of which a hopper for said pellets is arranged adjacent, said hopper being provided, in a lower region, with means for feeding said hearth and, in an upper region, with a lid which can be removed and opened laterally, means for the forced input of heated air into the environment.
  • the reference numeral 1 designates a pellet boiler with high energy recovery.
  • the boiler 1 comprises a frame, which is composed of a footing 2, which has a rectangular base and from two sides of which there protrude two uprights 3, and a front wall 4, in which a first opening 5 is provided; a door 6 for accessing a combustion chamber 7 is hinged to said first opening, and said combustion chamber is delimited at the rear by a first wall 8, connected to an overlying heat exchanger 29, and at the front by a second wall 9.
  • a plurality of first through slots 10 is formed proximate to the upper end of the front wall 4.
  • a removable hatch 11 is formed proximate to the lower end of the front wall 4 and allows access to a control panel for activating several electrical and/or hydraulic devices of the boiler 1 (not shown in the accompanying figures).
  • a hollow hopper 12 for pellets is fixed between the upper ends of the uprights 3, in the rear region of the boiler 1, and can be closed in an upper region by means of a lid 100, which conveniently can be opened laterally in order to facilitate filling; said lid can be hidden from view by a door 101 pivoted along one side to the boiler.
  • the walls of the hopper 12 are thermally insulated in order to avoid the overheating and consequent possible spontaneous ignition of the pellets contained therein.
  • One or more screw feeders 13 are provided at the bottom of the hopper 12, are actuated for example by a corresponding number of electric motors, and are connected, at their upper end, to appropriate ducts 14, which are connected to the combustion chamber 7.
  • a box-like element 15 is provided below the combustion chamber 7, between the first wall 8 and the second wall 9, a box-like element 15 is provided, which is advantageously approximately shaped like a parallelepiped and hollow and is connected, by means of a sleeve 16, to the outside at the rear region of the boiler 1.
  • the box-like element 15 is open upward, toward the inside of the combustion chamber 7, and is closed thereat by a hearth 17, which is partially inserted therein and is advantageously approximately frustum-shaped and arranged so that its smaller end face is directed toward the bottom of the box-like element 15.
  • the hearth 17 made for example of steel or cast iron, has means for feeding primary air, which are constituted advantageously by first through holes 18 formed in the portion of the hearth 17 which lies inside the box-like element 15; the first holes 18 allow the passage of the primary combustion-supporting air required for the combustion of the pellets inside the hearth 17.
  • an igniter 19 which is adapted to trigger the combustion of the pellets; said igniter is constituted advantageously by a tube 20 inside which an electric resistor 21 is arranged.
  • the boiler 1 is provided with means for feeding secondary combustion-supporting air into the combustion chamber 7, which advantageously comprises a first plate 22, preferably made of cast iron, which is arranged approximately vertically inside and to the rear of the combustion chamber 7 above the hearth 17 and is spaced from the first wall 8, so as to be struck directly by the flame generated by the combustion of the pellets.
  • a first plate 22 preferably made of cast iron, which is arranged approximately vertically inside and to the rear of the combustion chamber 7 above the hearth 17 and is spaced from the first wall 8, so as to be struck directly by the flame generated by the combustion of the pellets.
  • the first plate 22 is approximately parallel and spaced with respect to the first wall 8 so as to form an interspace 23, which is open in a lower region and is connected to the outside of the combustion chamber 7.
  • the interspace 23 is connected to the inside of the combustion chamber 7 through second holes 24 formed in the first plate 22.
  • Ribs 8a are associated with the first wall 8 and with the plate 22, are directed toward the combustion chamber, at the interspace 23, form a finned structure, and are adapted to increase the heat exchange surface of the plate 22 in contact with the combustion gases and the flames in the combustion chamber, heating by conduction the air that is present in the interspace 23.
  • the ribs 8a are arranged radially and diverge upward at the plate 22.
  • a second plate 25 protrudes from the second wall 9 above the first opening 5 and toward the inside of the combustion chamber and is provided with a first inclined portion and a second vertical portion, which is arranged so as to affect approximately half of the space provided between the facing heat exchanger 29 and the second wall 9.
  • the second plate 25 delimits, within the combustion chamber 7, an inner chamber 7a, which is comprised between the heat exchanger 29 and the second plate 25, and an outer chamber 7b, which is comprised between the second plate 25 and the second wall 9.
  • the inner chamber 7a and the outer chamber 7b are insulated hermetically from each other by the second plate 25.
  • the outer chamber 7b is connected to the outside environment through second slots 26, which are formed in the second wall 9 and face the first slots 10.
  • the outer fins 27 and the inner fins 28 are made of a material which is a good heat conductor, of the metallic type.
  • the heat exchanger 29 is constituted by a hollow hermetic enclosure 30, within which there is a plurality of channels 31, which are approximately vertical and advantageously parallel and connected to each other so as to form a coiled or labyrinth-like path for the combustion gases.
  • the combustion gases are conveyed into the channels 31 through at least one upper intake 35 and at least one first lower outlet 36, with which it is possible to associate means for the forced draft of the combustion gases, which are constituted advantageously by one or more first fans 37, the delivery of which is connected to a discharge tube 38, through which the combustion gases are expelled outside the boiler 1.
  • the enclosure 30 is provided, in a lower region, with a second intake 33 and, in an upper region, with a second outlet 34, so as to form a labyrinth-like path 32 for a heat transfer medium which is adapted to be used in a heating and/or hygienic-sanitary system of a building.
  • Fins 31a protrude from one or more of the internal walls of the channels 31, approximately at right angles thereto, are arranged mutually side by side, and are aligned along axes which are transverse and/or longitudinal with respect to the channels 31, so as to form an alveolar structure.
  • the part of the fins 31a arranged longitudinally is riveted to the contact surface so as to ensure a suitable and expected heat exchange.
  • said fins being made of a metallic material which does not have a very high heat conductivity, although continuing to transfer heat to the heat transfer medium by conduction, become hot and burn the unburnt substances which otherwise deposit thereon, generating additional energy.
  • the boiler 1 comprises means for the forced input of warm air into the environment, which are constituted advantageously by one or more ducts 40, which are connected, at a first end thereof, to the outer chamber 7b and, at a second end, to the delivery of a second fan 41, which is adapted to force air from the outside environment into the outer chamber 7b.
  • the screw feeders 13 start turning, conveying the pellets from the hopper 12, through the ducts 14, into the hearth 17.
  • the electric resistor 21 of the igniter 19 begins to warm, and when it reaches a preset temperature, which is sufficient to trigger the ignition of the pellets, the first fans 37 start to operate, drawing combustion gases from the combustion chamber 7 or forcing them to pass through the channels 31 of the heat exchanger 29, and then discharging them, through the discharge tube 38, into the outside environment, producing in the combustion chamber 7 a partial vacuum with respect to the outside environment.
  • the partial vacuum draws air through the first holes 18 of the hearth 17 and the tube 20 of the igniter 19; said air, by making contact with the electric resistor 21, is heated and enters the hearth 17 at a very high temperature (typically between 500 and 600°C), such as to trigger the combustion of the pellets.
  • a very high temperature typically between 500 and 600°C
  • An appropriately provided temperature sensor detects the ignition of the pellets and interrupts the heating of the electric resistor 21.
  • the flame generated by the combustion of the pellets in the hearth 17 rises, striking the first plate 22.
  • combustion chamber 7 Since the combustion chamber 7 is in partial vacuum, air is drawn from the outside environment through the interspace 23 and the second holes 24, thus making contact with the first plate 22 and entering the combustion chamber 7 at a high temperature; other air at a high temperature is thus introduced in the combustion chamber 7 and improves the combustion of the pellets, reducing the percentage of any unburnt substances and increasing the thermal efficiency of the boiler 1.
  • the combustion gases then enter the channels 31 of the heat exchanger 29, flowing through it completely until they exit from the discharge tube 38.
  • the combustion gases release by conduction part of the heat they contain to the heat transfer medium which circulates along the path 32.
  • the execution of the channels is such as to lead to a substantial overheating of the fins and therefore to very high temperatures, which cause the combustion of any particles of unburnt substances conveyed by the combustion gases; said particles are therefore burned, becoming ash, which can be removed periodically, with rather long periods between one cleaning intervention and the next.
  • the amount of heat sent to the heat transfer medium depends on the amount of fuel burned in the combustion chamber, and this entails a variation of the flow rate of the combustion gases through the channels 31.
  • the boiler according to the invention thanks to the presence of the heat exchanger and to the particular arrangement of the channels 31 having a very specific heat exchange coefficient which reach high temperatures and burn any unburnt particles present in the combustion gases, allows to minimize the deposition of said particles on the walls of the path 32 affected by the heat transfer medium, thus reducing the required cleaning and maintenance interventions and increasing the lifespan of the boiler.
  • the invention in view of its structure, ensures the possibility of introducing greater or smaller quantities of heated air depending on the requirements of the user.
EP06114199.0A 2005-06-17 2006-05-19 Chaudière à combustible granulé à haute récupération d'énergie Not-in-force EP1734303B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000086A ITTV20050086A1 (it) 2005-06-17 2005-06-17 Struttura di caldaia a pellets ad elevato recupero energetico.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1734303A2 true EP1734303A2 (fr) 2006-12-20
EP1734303A3 EP1734303A3 (fr) 2008-04-23
EP1734303B1 EP1734303B1 (fr) 2014-06-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06114199.0A Not-in-force EP1734303B1 (fr) 2005-06-17 2006-05-19 Chaudière à combustible granulé à haute récupération d'énergie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1734303B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITTV20050086A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1933093A1 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-18 Cola S.R.L. Cuisinière, en particulier pouvant être alimentée avec des combustibles dérivés de granules, copeaux de bois, céréales, maïs, légumes, de la biomasse et similaires
EP2103872A1 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-23 Jørn Pøhl Christensen Poêle à bois avec brûleur de pastilles de bois
ITBS20080142A1 (it) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-26 Cristini E Sartori Snc Dispositivo atto ad interrompere le vibrazioni applicato alle stufe a pellet in genere
ITCZ20100007A1 (it) * 2010-06-26 2010-09-25 Ungaro Srl Termocucina alimentata a pellet o grani di biomassa atta sia a cucinare che a riscaldare acqua per riscaldamento domestico
US7823578B2 (en) * 2007-01-24 2010-11-02 Ardisam, Inc. High efficiency biomass stove
FR2947328A1 (fr) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-31 Supra Dispositif de chauffage par combustion de combustible solide fragmente
WO2010092410A3 (fr) * 2009-02-10 2011-03-24 Notas, George Système de commande électronique pour cheminée à bon rendement énergétique
ITMI20100204A1 (it) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-12 Domotherm S R L Sistema di riscaldamento domestico con sorgente di calore costituita da focolare chiuso alimentato da legna e/o biomasse e sistema di recupero calore dai fumi ad esso applicabile.
ITBS20100193A1 (it) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Carlo Casana Caldaia per la combustione di biomasse
WO2014068887A1 (fr) 2012-10-29 2014-05-08 パナソニック株式会社 Dispositif de génération de puissance et système de cogénération
WO2015052364A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Villoria Otero Domingo Aquilino Générateur d'air chaud à combustion de biomasse
FR3019272A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-02 Actinov Sas Circuit d'air carburant et d'evacuation des gaz brules pour poele a granules de bois, autonome a usage domestique
WO2016092316A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Xtralec Ltd Appareil de combustion à rendement amélioré
ITUB20152597A1 (it) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-15 Linea Vz S R L Barbecue in metallo alimentato con particolare bruciatore a pellet.
ITUB20152314A1 (it) * 2015-07-20 2017-01-20 Ungaro Srl Stufa a pellet
IT201800007325A1 (it) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-19 Caldaia a pellet o a biomassa
IT202200003668A1 (it) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-28 Amg S P A Corpo stufa perfezionato e stufa a pellet che utilizza il sudetto corpo stufa

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DE19806428A1 (de) 1997-02-18 1998-08-20 Patram Patent And Trademark Ad Heizeinrichtung mit verbessertem Wirkungsgrad

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ITVR20020001U1 (it) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-10 Gruppo Piazzetta Spa Stufa a pellet perfezionata
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DE19806428A1 (de) 1997-02-18 1998-08-20 Patram Patent And Trademark Ad Heizeinrichtung mit verbessertem Wirkungsgrad

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1933093A1 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-18 Cola S.R.L. Cuisinière, en particulier pouvant être alimentée avec des combustibles dérivés de granules, copeaux de bois, céréales, maïs, légumes, de la biomasse et similaires
US7823578B2 (en) * 2007-01-24 2010-11-02 Ardisam, Inc. High efficiency biomass stove
EP2103872A1 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-23 Jørn Pøhl Christensen Poêle à bois avec brûleur de pastilles de bois
WO2009115969A1 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-24 Christensen Joern Poehl Poêle à bois avec brûleur de granulés de bois
ITBS20080142A1 (it) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-26 Cristini E Sartori Snc Dispositivo atto ad interrompere le vibrazioni applicato alle stufe a pellet in genere
WO2010092410A3 (fr) * 2009-02-10 2011-03-24 Notas, George Système de commande électronique pour cheminée à bon rendement énergétique
FR2947328A1 (fr) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-31 Supra Dispositif de chauffage par combustion de combustible solide fragmente
ITMI20100204A1 (it) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-12 Domotherm S R L Sistema di riscaldamento domestico con sorgente di calore costituita da focolare chiuso alimentato da legna e/o biomasse e sistema di recupero calore dai fumi ad esso applicabile.
ITCZ20100007A1 (it) * 2010-06-26 2010-09-25 Ungaro Srl Termocucina alimentata a pellet o grani di biomassa atta sia a cucinare che a riscaldare acqua per riscaldamento domestico
WO2012073199A1 (fr) * 2010-11-30 2012-06-07 La Coro Impianti S.R.L. Four pour la combustion de biomasses
ITBS20100193A1 (it) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Carlo Casana Caldaia per la combustione di biomasse
WO2014068887A1 (fr) 2012-10-29 2014-05-08 パナソニック株式会社 Dispositif de génération de puissance et système de cogénération
JPWO2014068887A1 (ja) * 2012-10-29 2016-09-08 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 発電装置及びコジェネレーションシステム
US9500159B2 (en) 2012-10-29 2016-11-22 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Electricity generation unit and cogeneration system
WO2015052364A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Villoria Otero Domingo Aquilino Générateur d'air chaud à combustion de biomasse
ES2540153A1 (es) * 2013-10-09 2015-07-08 Domingo Aquilino VILLORIA OTERO Generador de aire caliente por combustión de biomasa
FR3019272A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-02 Actinov Sas Circuit d'air carburant et d'evacuation des gaz brules pour poele a granules de bois, autonome a usage domestique
WO2016092316A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Xtralec Ltd Appareil de combustion à rendement amélioré
ITUB20152597A1 (it) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-15 Linea Vz S R L Barbecue in metallo alimentato con particolare bruciatore a pellet.
ITUB20152314A1 (it) * 2015-07-20 2017-01-20 Ungaro Srl Stufa a pellet
IT201800007325A1 (it) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-19 Caldaia a pellet o a biomassa
IT202200003668A1 (it) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-28 Amg S P A Corpo stufa perfezionato e stufa a pellet che utilizza il sudetto corpo stufa

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITTV20050086A1 (it) 2006-12-18
EP1734303B1 (fr) 2014-06-11
EP1734303A3 (fr) 2008-04-23

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