EP1732731B1 - Procede et dispositif de rectification d'arbres a cames assembles, a haute precision de concentricite - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de rectification d'arbres a cames assembles, a haute precision de concentricite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1732731B1
EP1732731B1 EP05701216A EP05701216A EP1732731B1 EP 1732731 B1 EP1732731 B1 EP 1732731B1 EP 05701216 A EP05701216 A EP 05701216A EP 05701216 A EP05701216 A EP 05701216A EP 1732731 B1 EP1732731 B1 EP 1732731B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camshaft
straightening
grinding
cams
finish
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EP05701216A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1732731A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Himmelsbach
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Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/08—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section
    • B24B19/12—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section for grinding cams or camshafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for grinding built camshafts with high concentricity in a grinding machine, such as known from the document DE-A-43 19 359 ,
  • Camshafts are assembled in the previous operations grinding by joining of individual parts to form a complete camshaft.
  • the actual body of the camshaft consists of a steel tube, which is usually drawn clear and can also have indentations in areas between the individual cams.
  • the cams are made separately and shrunk, for example, in a shrinking process to the appropriate points of the steel tube, which then quite well still grinding and milling operations can take place before grinding.
  • the shrunk cams are usually previously cured.
  • Such built camshafts have the advantage that they allow a significant mass reduction compared to the conventional cast camshafts. To optimize the mass reduction, the aim is to keep the wall thickness of the steel tube as low as possible.
  • camshafts Another advantage of built camshafts is that different materials for cams and bearings can be used to better account for the different loads on the component can.
  • the built-up camshafts also have the advantage that their production is also partly considerably cheaper. For these reasons, built camshafts are becoming more and more popular in engine construction, where it is recognized that despite the relative stabilization in the installed state by the bearing shells of the engine block, the demands on the accuracy, in particular the concentricity of the camshaft, always higher.
  • the processing i. The grinding of such built camshafts takes place in one or more fixtures. If it is possible to realize the clamping of the camshaft in the same places, it does not play a decisive role for the final quality of the camshafts produced, whether in two or more clamping operations or even in a single clamping.
  • One of the problems with built-in camshafts is that the workpieces warp when grinding the bearings and the cam shape by the introduction of energy, by the grinding process as such and by the grinding of the hardened surfaces of the cams. This process is known per se. In such workpieces, which have been joined in the cold state and which are hardened on their surfaces such as just the cam surfaces, for example, the stresses contained in the material are at least partially released by these influences mentioned.
  • the grinding of bearings and cams of built-up camshafts and the straightening of these camshafts on a grinding machine, and after a grinding process on this grinding machine also the straightening is carried out.
  • the grinding operation is either the finish grinding of the bearings and / or a pre-grinding of the cams and / or a finish grinding of the cams.
  • the implementation of the process steps finish grinding the bearings, rough grinding and finish grinding of the cams and straightening in a single setup.
  • first the bearing points of a built camshaft are ground on a first grinding machine and subsequently the cams of the camshaft are ground on a second grinding machine and ground on this grinding machine, wherein after the roughing and / or finish grinding the camshaft on this second grinding machine is directed.
  • the bearings of a built camshaft are finish ground on a first grinding machine and directed on the same grinding machine, followed by pre-grinding and finish grinding of the cams of the camshaft on a second grinding machine. It is of course possible that even on the second grinding a further straightening process can take place.
  • This straightening process can be done after pre-grinding and / or after finishing grinding of the cams. Preferably, however, in the method according to the invention, only a single straightening process is performed.
  • the camshaft is supported at bearing points, in particular with steady rests, wherein first the bearing points are finish ground and then the supports used during the grinding process, ie lunettes, are released.
  • This is followed in a preferred second process step, a measurement of the bearings in particular in the central region of the camshaft on concentricity.
  • the measured concentricity value or the deviation from the ideal circulation is preferably stored and serves in a subsequent process step to direct the camshaft on its basis on the same grinding machine. With this straightening, the concentricity is not only improved, but the deviation from the ideal concentricity can even be almost eliminated.
  • This additional step of straightening can be done after the finish grinding of the bearings and / or preferably after the pre-grinding of the cams and / or after the finish grinding of the cams.
  • the bearings can be used to initiate the forces required for the straightening process there. These straightening forces can also be introduced in addition to the bearing points, in any case in the steel tube.
  • concentricity In a component such as a camshaft with sections divided in the axial direction, the maximum deviation from the concentricity is known to occur mostly in the central region. Therefore, the bearing point (s) will be measured for concentricity in the central area of the camshaft. Subsequently, the straightening forces to achieve the best possible concentricity are initiated in the area of these bearings. Under concentricity should be understood in the following, in particular the concentricity of the inner bearings to the outer bearings and the bearing point to the base circle of the adjacent cam or cam pair.
  • the bearings are finished.
  • the cam shape can be pre-ground, followed by a straightening operation, which in turn is followed by a finish grinding operation for the cams. This can in turn be followed by a straightening process.
  • a straightening process Preferably, however, only works with a single straightening process.
  • the supports in the form of in particular lunettes are preferably reconnected to the respective bearing points, followed by finish grinding of the cams.
  • the straightening is performed with a rotating camshaft, wherein the camshaft rotates at a speed of in particular 50 - 200 min -1 .
  • the actual straightening is preferably achieved at the specified speed by introducing a compressive force at the central bearing point of the camshaft.
  • this Rollricht compiler a measurement of the camshaft with respect to concentricity accuracy is not mandatory because the camshaft is strained during straightening on the yield strength of their material.
  • the straightening in the camshaft preferably takes place, at least in regions, beyond the insertion limit of the material of its steel pipe.
  • region-wise is to be understood as meaning, in particular, that at least portions of the steel tube in the structure are subjected to essentially stress-relieving by permanent deformations in the structure corresponding to a rolling process. That is, the material of the camshaft is suppressed, followed by a gradual withdrawal of the deflection of the camshaft to substantially 0 mm. The applied pressure force will be so gradually withdrawn, so that the deflection goes back again.
  • the straightening takes place when the camshaft is stationary.
  • the deviation from the ideal concentricity is determined at a bearing point, while the bearing point is measured, which has the highest deviation from the ideal concentricity.
  • This will usually be a bearing point in the central region of the camshaft.
  • the largest impact i. determines the radial position at the magnitude of the maximum runout occurs.
  • the compressive force is then initiated, whereby by means of this pressure force a deliberate bending of the camshaft is generated. The initiation of the compressive force or reducing the amount of this compressive force is matched to the actually measured value of the runout on the bearing in question.
  • an apparatus for carrying out the process in such a case comprises a grinding machine with a correspondingly large number of grinding spindles and a straightening device.
  • a concentricity measuring device is preferably integrated into the grinding machine of the device according to the invention. With this concentricity measuring device, a concentricity or concentricity deviation value is determined.
  • the concentricity device is preferably connected to the straightening device via a control device, so that the straightening device can be optimally controlled on the basis of the measured concentricity deviation value for the straightening process, in such a way that the concentricity deviation after straightening is at least largely eliminated.
  • the method takes place on a single grinding machine.
  • this grinder may have two stations. On the first station of this grinding machine, the finish grinding of the bearings takes place. On the second station, on the other hand, pre-grinding and finish grinding of the camshafts of the camshaft takes place.
  • the pre-grinding of the cams is already carried out on the first station of the grinding machine, followed by the finish grinding of the cams on the second station of this grinding machine.
  • the method step of directing the camshaft can take place after the pre-grinding of the cams on the first station. However, it is also possible to perform the straightening step following the finish grinding of the cams on the second station.
  • finish grinding is performed on a first grinding machine and pre-grinding and finish grinding the cams on a second grinding machine.
  • the method is at least partially realized on at least one grinding machine such that a grinding process and a straightening process are carried out on this grinding machine.
  • this can be a directing of the camshaft after the finish grinding of the bearing points on the first grinding machine.
  • this can also be a straightening after the rough grinding and / or finish grinding of the cams on the second grinding machine.
  • straightening takes place both on the first grinding machine after the finish grinding of the bearing points and also after the rough grinding and / or finish grinding on the second grinding machine.
  • the device according to the invention for grinding bearings and cams of a built camshaft and for directing such a built camshaft in particular for carrying out the method according to the respective method claims, a grinding machine, which with a straightening device for Alignment of the camshaft is provided after a corresponding grinding operation and preferably also with a concentricity measuring device for measuring the concentricity or the runout of the camshaft.
  • the concentricity measuring device - if present - and the straightening device are in the grinding machine according to the invention integrated.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is a grinding machine whose actual grinding task is extended by a straightening process, wherein preferably additionally the concentricity measuring device is integrated in this grinding machine. It is used to control the straightening device, ie to carry out the straightening on the basis of the measured concentricity value or the measured concentricity deviation.
  • the basic carrier is a hollow shaft on which the cams are pressed in particular in the joining process, with higher precision of their concentricity properties than is the case with the known grinding machines, which are not for the Step of judging are provided. Only with the device according to the invention can the straightening be carried out within the same modified grinding machine after a grinding operation.
  • the essential part of the device according to the invention namely the grinding machine, comprises, in a manner known per se, a grinding headstock carried on a machine bed, which can have two grinding wheels which can be swiveled into a respective grinding position, and a workpiece headstock and tailstock received on a grinding table.
  • the assembled camshaft can be clamped between the tips of the workpiece headstock and tailstock.
  • the concentricity device is on the wheelhead or on the grinding table and the straightening device is mounted on the wheelhead.
  • the concentricity measuring device By attaching the concentricity measuring device on the wheelhead or on the grinding table a high measuring accuracy is ensured because the measured value is always coupled to the achieved by the respective grinding wheel grinding result. This is also true for the straightening device, which ensures by their arrangement on the wheelhead that in conjunction with the high-precision measurement of concentricity deviations a corresponding introduction of the straightening force can be ensured in the camshaft and thus achieves a high precision of the straightening process with the device according to the invention is.
  • the grinding machine of the device according to the invention on a first station for grinding the bearings and / or rough grinding of the cam of the camshaft, in which a straightening device for straightening the camshaft can be provided. Furthermore, the second station for finish grinding the cam of the camshaft is also provided with a straightening device.
  • the grinding machine of the device according to the invention can thus have a first station in which a straightening device can be provided, but not required.
  • a straightening device is provided, so that after the finish grinding of the cam straightening or optionally the Endricht the camshaft can be performed.
  • the straightening device is used and that even after the finishing grinding of the cam, the straightening device provided on the second station can be used.
  • both the first station and the second station on a straightening device are designed so that the grinding of the bearings and the pre-grinding of the cams of the camshaft can be realized thereon, the straightener then either after the grinding of the bearings or after the subsequent pre-grinding of the cam of the camshaft is used.
  • the second station of the grinding machine of the device according to the invention then takes place only the finish grinding of the cam of the camshaft, which may also be followed by another straightening process, a so-called Endrichtvorgang.
  • a so-called Endrichtvorgang a so-called Endrichtvorgang.
  • the straightening device of the first station is not used after the rough grinding and only the straightening device of the second station realizes a single straightening process after the finish grinding of the cams.
  • the straightening device is a roll straightening head, which is designed so that the straightening is executable with a rotating camshaft.
  • the rotational speed in the roll straightening process performed by means of the roll straightening head is preferably in the range of a rotational speed of 50 to 200 revolutions per minute.
  • the roll straightening head has two rollers mounted in its front area.
  • the term "front area of the roll straightening head” is to be understood as the area which points directly to the area of the corresponding bearing point of the camshaft to be straightened.
  • the roll straightening head is preferably mounted on the wheelhead and preferably deliverable in the X direction to the bearing points of the camshaft.
  • the delivery of the roll straightening head on the bearings depends on the measured by the measuring device concentricity deviations at the respective bearing point and thus determines the force to be exerted on the camshaft at this bearing point to complete the straightening process so that after the straightening the Camshaft as perfect as possible concentricity, ie has ideal concentricity properties.
  • measuring is preferably not required.
  • the straightening head is designed so that it gradually decreases after the initiation of the straightening force, i. reduced.
  • the force which is exerted on the corresponding bearing point of the camshaft with the roll straightening head is in this case set so high that the elastic deformation range is exceeded, so that a straightening effect actually occurs due to a plastic deformation.
  • gentle modulation i. Withdrawal of the applied straightening force can be gradually stopped while the camshaft continues to rotate during the straightening process. This makes it possible to give the desired directional effect to the middle region of the camshaft, which is subjected to the greatest deformation.
  • the straightening device is designed as a pressure element straightening head, which executes straightening when the camshaft is stationary.
  • the measuring device cooperates with the straightening head via corresponding electronic devices.
  • the value is determined with the measuring device, in which the corresponding bearing, seen in the radial direction of the respective bearing, the largest deflection, thus having the largest concentricity error.
  • the force is introduced by means of the pressure element straightening head. This force is adjusted in dependence on the measured impact so that the deformation goes into the plastic region, so that a permanent straightening effect is present.
  • the straightening head can be designed so that in a single straightening process this straightening effect is achieved. However, it is also possible to carry out the straightening process in several steps, with different forces then being able to be introduced at different radial positions to eliminate the impact existing in the respective region of the bearing.
  • the pressure element straightening head is designed as a mounted prism with a recess, by means of which a certain area of the circumference of a corresponding bearing of the camshaft can be encompassed, over this peripheral region the introduction of a respective desired straightening force over at least two circumferentially spaced locations of a bearing of the camshaft he follows.
  • Such a vote of the shape of the prism with the diameter of the bearing point to be ground has the advantage that, especially in a blow of a larger type effective straightening is possible.
  • the pressure element straightening head is a pressure element which has a substantially flat surface for introducing the straightening force.
  • the corresponding straightening force can be introduced via a point at a bearing point of the camshaft.
  • the flat surface or the prism other forms are of course conceivable such as a curved shape whose radius is greater than the radius of the corresponding bearing point.
  • FIG 1 the construction of a built-up camshaft 1 with corresponding bearings 2 and shrunk-on cam 3 is shown in a schematic representation, which is held between the tips 14.
  • the tips are arranged on the workpiece headstock 12 and on the tailstock 13.
  • the tips 14 are designed so that they engage in the center of the tubular support of the camshaft and achieve a corresponding clamping effect at these ends, so that on the one hand torque can be transmitted to the camshaft and on the other hand, the voltage is not so high that already by clamping the camshaft Deformations learns.
  • the grinding wheel 23 opposite a bezel 11 is arranged for support during the grinding process.
  • the supporting action of the steady rest 11 ensures that the grinding forces introduced into the bearing point L2 of the camshaft 1 during grinding do not lead to a deformation of the camshaft.
  • Another bezel 11 is mounted at a location where grinding is not in progress.
  • the grinding wheel 24 is engaged at a bearing L5. Not shown is a corresponding straightening device.
  • FIG. 1 represents the first method step according to which the bearing points 2 of the camshaft 1 are first ground to completion. Only after all bearings 2 have been finish ground, a straightening process or a first straightening process can be performed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state during the process in which the cams are ground by grinding wheels 9, 10.
  • the grinding wheel 9 is used for pre-grinding and the grinding wheel 10 for finish grinding of the cam.
  • the bearings are supported by lunettes 11.
  • the grinding wheels 9, 10 are designed so that the pairs between them a respective bearing enclosing cams are ground simultaneously.
  • the camshaft 1 is likewise received between tips 14 of the workpiece spindle stock 12 and the tailstock 13.
  • a chuck 28 is mounted on the workpiece headstock.
  • FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention, in which the grinding machine consists of a first station 15 and a second station 16.
  • the grinding machine consists of a first station 15 and a second station 16.
  • a camshaft 1 is clamped on tips between a work headstock 12 and a tailstock 13.
  • the Clamping takes place via tips 14 on Werlc Partnersspindelstock 12 and the tailstock 13.
  • Lunettes 11 are moved up to bearings of the camshaft 1 for supporting the same.
  • the lunettes 11 can be moved by an adjustment in the X direction to the respective bearing point for support.
  • the lunettes 11 opposite a wheel spindle 7 is arranged on a machine bed 8.
  • the grinding headstock 7 is pivotable and carries two spindles, of which a first spindle carries a first grinding wheel 9 and a second spindle carries a second grinding wheel 10. By pivoting the wheel spindle 7, the respective grinding wheels 9, 10 are pivoted into the grinding position for grinding the bearings. In the first station 15, the bearings are finished ground.
  • a concentricity measuring device 5 On the wheelhead 7 a concentricity measuring device 5 is arranged, which can be brought by pivoting the wheel spindle 7 in a measuring position in the central region of the camshaft. After the concentricity measuring device 5 has been pivoted into its measuring position, it determines at a bearing point to be measured their concentricity properties or their deviation from an ideal concentricity. For reasons of clarity, the straightening device is shown only schematically at the first station 15.
  • the concentricity measuring device 5 controls the straightening device on the basis of the measured value of the concentricity of the measured bearing in the central region of the camshaft in such a way that such force is introduced into the camshaft after the steady rest 11 has been moved out of its supporting position of the bearing points, that last is directed and thereafter has improved concentricity properties.
  • the forces introduced are so high that the camshaft is brought closer to or even in its ideal state with respect to the concentricity properties by means of a permanent plastic deformation.
  • the straightening is preferably carried out after completion of the finish grinding process of the bearings in the first station 15, in the same setting and takes about 5 to 15 seconds. Especially at high volumes in mass production, as is the case for camshafts, this is particularly advantageous.
  • the advantage of straightening at the end of the finish grinding operation for the cams is that it can also eliminate straightening distortions that occur when straining the hardened surfaces of the cams, which also contributes to deformations of the entire camshaft can.
  • the basic structure of the second station 16 corresponds to that of the first station 15, with the first station 15 and the second station 16 assembled into a single grinding machine 4. This corresponds to a conventional modular design, whereby the advantage of the device according to the invention comes particularly to bear, because the straightening usually takes place in the same clamping as the respective grinding process.
  • the second station 16 has a wheel spindle 7, which is mounted on a machine bed 8.
  • the wheelhead 7 has two spindles for each grinding wheel 9, 10.
  • a concentricity measuring device 5 is provided on the wheelhead 7 in the region of the grinding spindle for the grinding wheel 10, which is arranged so that when pivoting the grinding wheel 10 in the respective grinding position for finish grinding the cam the concentricity measuring device 5 are brought to a bearing point in the central region of the camshaft can.
  • the measurement of the bearing in the central region of the camshaft is above all useful and necessary, since there the distortion of the camshaft has the most effect.
  • the straightening device is shown only schematically.
  • this concentricity measuring device 5 is connected via a control device, not shown, with the straightening device to determine the delay of the shaft corresponding straightening force and after introducing this straightening the straightening device under gradual Reduction of the introduced force slowly to be able to drive out of the mesh with the camshaft again.
  • the camshaft 1 itself is held between tips 14 in a chuck 28 of the workpiece headstock 12 on one side and in a corresponding tip 14 of the tailstock 13 on the other side.
  • the camshaft 1 itself is supported at its bearings by a number of bearings corresponding number of steady rests 11.
  • a dressing device 25 for dressing the grinding wheels 9, 10.
  • the camshaft 1 held between the tips 14 is shown in a schematic representation for different process steps, which are carried out in the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the held between the tips 14 camshaft 1 is supported at their located between the cam 3 bearings 2 by means of steady rests 11 ( Figure 4a).
  • the bearings 2 are already finished ground, so that the steady rests 11 are driven up to the camshaft 1 on the finished ground bearing points.
  • the cams 3 are pre-ground. Due to the support with the steady rests 11 it is achieved that despite the introduction of grinding forces on the cams 3 when grinding the cam shape, the deformation of the camshaft 1 due to the grinding operations is kept low.
  • a control device for the straightening device 6 is supplied with a signal corresponding to the measured value.
  • the straightening device 6 is moved to the central bearing point of the camshaft 1 while the steady rest 11 is still not in engagement.
  • the introduced by means of the straightening device 6 in the camshaft 1 force is chosen so that it is above the yield strength of the material of the camshaft to achieve a permanent deformation, thus achieving the desired straightening effect.
  • the straightening compensates for the deformations occurring during grinding as a result of the introduction of grinding forces and as a result of internal stresses released by the grinding.
  • the Rundvieriness worn 5 is preferably not used when roll straightening is used.
  • FIG. 4a shows the state in which the finish grinding of the cams takes place simultaneous support of the corresponding bearings by lunettes 11 takes place or has already ended.
  • the camshaft with the highest precision in terms of their concentricity properties completed and can be removed from the grinding machine 4 and the second station 16 of the grinding machine 4.
  • FIGS. 4a) to 4c) refer to the case in which the cams have first been pre-ground, followed by the straightening, it is of course necessary to carry out a further method step with the device according to the invention.
  • This is shown in Figure 4d), in which the lunettes are again introduced to the corresponding bearing points, so that it is the Finishing process for the cam 3 can connect.
  • the actual grinding processes or the grinding wheels are not shown in Figure 4 for the sake of simplicity, since the basic structure of the grinding machine of Figure 3 can be seen.
  • a straightening process according to FIG. 4c) can also follow the finish grinding of the cams 3 according to FIG. 4d).
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a straightener for a case where the camshaft is received in straightening between the tips 14 of the workpiece spindle stock 12 and the tailstock 13 and is rotationally driven during straightening.
  • the straightening device is designed as a roll straightening head 17, which has two bearing rollers at its front end.
  • This roll straightening head 17 with its mounted rollers 18 adapts to the contour of a camshaft 1 in the region of their bearing points.
  • the straightening device can be delivered to the camshaft in the X-direction, so that with simultaneous rotation of the camshaft 1 and pressing of the roll straightening head 17 with its rollers 18, the camshaft can be deformed so that it is overstressed by the yield strength of its material.
  • the straightening forces are thus introduced into the camshaft 1 via the rollers 18, which are also rotating during rotation of the camshaft, at the contact points of the rollers 18 at the respective bearing point.
  • the deflection of the workpiece is then withdrawn by gradually retracting this roll straightening head 17 to a deflection value of 0 mm of the workpiece.
  • This roll straightening allows rotationally symmetric shafts to be directed relatively quickly and reliably.
  • this method can also be used on the grinding machine 4 of the device according to the invention, since it is very fast.
  • Such a roll straightening process takes about 5 to 15 seconds. This is considerably shorter than an otherwise to be performed second grinding pass, with which the concentricity with the precision, how they are achieved by the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention, nevertheless can not be achieved.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a straightening device. It is a straightening device which is suitable for a pressure-straightening process. Such Druckricht compiler takes place when the shaft is stationary.
  • the concentricity or the deviation from the concentricity at the central bearing point of the camshaft or at a bearing point in the central region of the camshaft is measured.
  • the "highest point" of the bearing circulation is measured in order to determine the radial position at which this maximum concentricity error occurs.
  • the camshaft 1 is now bent with this pressure-straightening method against its maximum deflection so that this maximum deflection is eliminated as completely as possible.
  • This straightening process can also be carried out in the clamping of the workpiece between the tips, after determining the maximum deflection, i. of the maximum runout error, the camshaft is rotated radially so that a pressure element straightening head 19 is set in the X direction in this region of the circumference of the corresponding bearing point of the camshaft 1 to the camshaft so that a corresponding straightening force can be exerted on them.
  • the printing element straightening head 19 has on its front side a mounted prism 20, which has a recess 21, so that a circumferential region of the bearing point of the camshaft 1 can be encompassed or received. The straightening force is thus introduced via two possibly also three contact areas in the recess 21 of the mounted prism 20.
  • a printing element straightening head 19 is shown in Figure 7.
  • the printing element-straightening head 19 is provided with a pressure element which has a flat or spherical (not shown) surface, via which the force is introduced into the region of the corresponding bearing point.
  • the straightening force is introduced at the point in the corresponding bearing point of the camshaft 1, where the largest deflection, ie the largest concentricity error occurs.
  • the camshaft is therefore "bent" by a specific value against the highest circulation point in order to be able to compensate for the existing concentricity error.
  • the workpiece stands still during straightening. About the C-axis, the camshaft is here only rotated in the direction required for straightening radial position, but then stopped to perform the straightening process.
  • the straightening device is arranged on the wheelhead and is preferably delivered over the X-axis.
  • the infeed values for both straightening methods are determined by the camshaft geometry, the material and also the clamping of the machine or by the degree of hardness of the cam surfaces.
  • the infeed values can be calculated in the CNC control of the machine in relation to the previously measured concentricity error. After straightening, concentricity errors of less than 0.01 mm can be achieved at the middle bearing. For grinding CBN grinding wheels are preferably used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Procédé pour la rectification de paliers et de cames d'arbres à cames assemblés, ainsi que pour le dressage de ceux-ci sur une rectifieuse, dans lequel un dressage de l'arbre à cames est effectué après un processus de rectification sur la même rectifieuse.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dressage de l'arbre à cames est effectué après une rectification de finition des paliers et/ou une rectification d'ébauche des cames et/ou une rectification de finition des cames.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les étapes du procédé, à savoir la rectification de finition des paliers, la rectification d'ébauche et la rectification de finition des cames et le dressage, sont effectués en un seul montage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la rectification de finition des paliers de l'arbre à cames est effectuée sur un premier poste de la rectifieuse et la rectification d'ébauche et la rectification de finition des cames de l'arbre à cames sont réalisées sur un deuxième poste.
  5. Procédé pour la rectification de paliers et de cames d'arbres à cames assemblés, ainsi que pour le dressage de ceux-ci sur une rectifieuse, dans lequel les paliers subissent une rectification de finition sur une première rectifieuse et, à la suite de cela, l'arbre à cames est dressé sur la première rectifieuse, et les cames de l'arbre à cames subissent une rectification d'ébauche et une rectification de finition sur une deuxième rectifieuse.
  6. Procédé pour la rectification de paliers et de cames d'arbres à cames assemblés, ainsi que pour le dressage de ceux-ci sur une rectifieuse, dans lequel les paliers subissent une rectification de finition sur une première rectifieuse et les cames de l'arbre à cames subissent une rectification d'ébauche et une rectification de finition sur une deuxième rectifieuse, et l'arbre à cames est dressé sur la deuxième rectifieuse après la rectification d'ébauche et/ou la rectification de finition.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel la rectification d'ébauche des cames de l'arbre à cames est effectuée sur un premier poste de la deuxième rectifieuse et la rectification de finition des cames de l'arbre à cames est effectuée sur un deuxième poste de la deuxième rectifieuse.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel, pendant la rectification des paliers, l'arbre à cames est mis en appui dans la zone des paliers et, pour le dressage, la zone des paliers est amenée hors de prise des appuis.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel, après la rectification d'ébauche des cames, les appuis sont à nouveau mis en contact avec les zones des paliers concernés et, ensuite, les cames subissent une rectification de finition.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel les cames de l'arbre à cames subissent une rectification de finition sur la deuxième rectifieuse avec les appuis mis en contact, puis les appuis sont détachés au moins dans une zone centrale de l'arbre à cames, et, ensuite, est effectué le dressage, après lequel les appuis sont à nouveau mis en contact dans cette zone des paliers et, ensuite, les cames subissent une rectification de finition.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel, avant le dressage, une valeur de concentricité ou une valeur de défaut de concentricité est mesurée au moins pour un palier dans la zone centrale de l'arbre à cames.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'arbre à cames est dressé sur la base de la valeur de concentricité ou la valeur de défaut de concentricité mesurée.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel le dressage est effectué en présence de l'arbre à cames tournant avec une vitesse de rotation de 50 à 200 tours par minute.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel une force de pression est exercée pendant le dressage sur l'arbre à cames dans la zone de son palier central.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel le dressage est effectué sur l'arbre à cames immobile, le palier avec le plus grand défaut de concentricité étant déterminé d'abord, et une force de pression étant appliquée dans cette zone de palier, par rapport à la périphérie, dans la zone de la position radiale, dans laquelle existe le plus grand défaut de concentricité.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel, pendant le dressage, l'arbre à cames, au moins par zones, subit une pression excessive supérieure à la limite d'élasticité du matériau de son tube d'acier et, ensuite, le fléchissement de l'arbre à cames est supprimé progressivement jusqu'à 0 mm sensiblement.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 7, dans lequel le dressage est effectué sur le premier poste.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 4, 7 ou 17, dans lequel le dressage est effectué sur le deuxième poste.
  19. Dispositif pour la rectification de paliers (2) et de cames (3) d'un arbre à cames (1) assemblé, ainsi que pour le dressage d'un arbre à cames de ce type, en particulier pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, lequel comporte une rectifieuse (4) avec un dispositif de dressage (6) intégré dans la rectifieuse (4) pour le dressage de l'arbre à cames (1) après un processus de rectification.
  20. Dispositif selon la revendication 19, dans lequel un dispositif de mesure (5) destiné à mesurer la concentricité ou le défaut de concentricité de l'arbre à cames (1) est intégré dans la rectifieuse (4).
  21. Dispositif selon la revendication 20, dans lequel la rectifieuse (4) comporte une poupée porte-meule (7), portée sur un bâti (8) de la machine et munie d'au moins deux meules (9, 10) pouvant pivoter chacune dans une position de rectification, ainsi qu'une poupée porte-pièce (12) et une poupée mobile (13), lesquelles sont réalisées de telle sorte que l'arbre à cames (1) peut être monté entre des pointes (14), et le dispositif de mesure de concentricité (5) est fixé sur la poupée porte-meule (7) ou sur le bâti (8) de la machine, et le dispositif de dressage (6) est fixé sur la poupée porte-meule (7).
  22. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 21, dans lequel la rectifieuse (4) comporte un premier poste (15) et un deuxième poste (16).
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 22, dans lequel le premier poste (15) est réalisé de manière à pouvoir effectuer sur celui-ci a) la rectification de finition des paliers (2) de l'arbre à cames (1) ou b) la rectification de finition des paliers (2) et la rectification d'ébauche des cames (3).
  24. Dispositif selon la revendication 22 ou 23, dans lequel un dispositif de dressage (6) est agencé dans le premier poste (15).
  25. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 24, dans lequel le deuxième poste (16) est réalisé de manière à pouvoir effectuer sur celui-ci la rectification d'ébauche et/ou la rectification de finition des cames (3) de l'arbre à cames (1).
  26. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 24, dans lequel un dispositif de dressage (6) est agencé dans le deuxième poste (16).
  27. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 26, dans lequel le dispositif de dressage (6) est une tête de dressage à galets (17), qui est réalisée pour pouvoir effectuer le dressage sur l'arbre à cames (1) tournant.
  28. Dispositif selon la revendication 27, dans lequel la tête de dressage à galets (17) comporte deux galets (18) montés dans sa partie avant, sur laquelle la poupée porte-meule (7) est fixée et peut être avancée en particulier dans la direction X vers les paliers (2) de l'arbre à cames (1).
  29. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 26, dans lequel le dispositif de dressage (6) est une tête de dressage à élément de pression (19), qui est réalisée de manière à pouvoir effectuer le dressage sur l'arbre à cames (1) immobile.
  30. Dispositif selon la revendication 29, dans lequel la tête de dressage à élément de pression (19) comporte un prisme (20) monté et muni d'un évidement (21) pour introduire une force de dressage sur au moins deux zones écartées de la périphérie dans un palier (2) de l'arbre à cames (1).
  31. Dispositif selon la revendication 29, dans lequel la tête de dressage à élément de pression (19) comporte un élément de pression (22), ayant une surface sensiblement plane et destiné à introduire une force de dressage sur une zone d'un palier (2) de l'arbre à cames (1).
EP05701216A 2004-03-17 2005-01-27 Procede et dispositif de rectification d'arbres a cames assembles, a haute precision de concentricite Not-in-force EP1732731B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004013192A DE102004013192B3 (de) 2004-03-17 2004-03-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schleifen von Lagerstellen und Nocken einer gebauten Nockenwelle
PCT/EP2005/000806 WO2005097407A1 (fr) 2004-03-17 2005-01-27 Procede et dispositif de rectification d'arbres a cames assembles, a haute precision de concentricite

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EP1732731A1 EP1732731A1 (fr) 2006-12-20
EP1732731B1 true EP1732731B1 (fr) 2007-11-07

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US (1) US20070178808A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2005097407A1 (fr)

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CN102452030B (zh) * 2010-10-27 2016-07-06 株式会社捷太格特 磨削方法、磨削系统以及多功能磨削机床
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DE102013225292B4 (de) * 2013-12-09 2018-11-15 Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Schleifmaschine zum schleifen von zentrischen und/oder exzentrischen lagerstellen an wellenteilen mit einer lünette zum abstützen der lagerstellen
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DE102004013192B3 (de) 2005-08-25
ES2297661T3 (es) 2008-05-01
EP1732731A1 (fr) 2006-12-20
DE502005001895D1 (de) 2007-12-20
WO2005097407A1 (fr) 2005-10-20

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