EP1730449A1 - Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant - Google Patents

Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP1730449A1
EP1730449A1 EP05743002A EP05743002A EP1730449A1 EP 1730449 A1 EP1730449 A1 EP 1730449A1 EP 05743002 A EP05743002 A EP 05743002A EP 05743002 A EP05743002 A EP 05743002A EP 1730449 A1 EP1730449 A1 EP 1730449A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
values
combustion chamber
group
burner group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05743002A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1730449B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Flohr
Bruno Schuermans
Majed Toqan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansaldo Energia IP UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1730449A1 publication Critical patent/EP1730449A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1730449B1 publication Critical patent/EP1730449B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion chamber for a gas turbine with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an associated operating method with the features of the preamble of claim 10.
  • a combustion chamber for a gas turbine is known from US Pat. No. 6,370,863 B2, which has a burner system which has a plurality of burner groups, each with a plurality of burners. Furthermore, a fuel supply system is provided which has a main line connected to a fuel source and a secondary line for each burner group, which is connected to each burner of the associated burner group and via a controllable distributor valve to the main line. In addition, a combustion chamber is provided, at the entrance of which the burners are arranged. In the known combustion chamber, the individual burners can be operated in a pilot mode and in a premix mode, all burners within a burner group always being operated either in the premix mode or in the pilot mode. Depending on the operating mode, the burners require more or less fuel, which can be set using the distributor valves. The actuation of the In the known combustion chamber, distribution valves take place depending on the respective load state of the combustion chamber.
  • the burners are operated as lean as possible at the nominal operating point of the combustion chamber. Due to the lean operation, the homogeneous combustion reaction taking place in the combustion chamber leads to comparatively low temperatures. Since the formation of pollutants, in particular the formation of NO x, is disproportionately dependent on the temperature, the low combustion temperatures lead to a reduction in pollutant emissions. On the other hand, it has been shown that a homogeneous temperature distribution in the combustion chamber favors the development of pressure pulsations. Thermoacoustic pressure pulsations lead on the one hand to noise pollution and on the other hand can adversely affect the combustion reaction. In extreme cases, strong pressure pulsations can extinguish the flame in the combustion chamber. It has been shown that the
  • Combustion reaction with less lean or with rich fuel-oxidizer mixtures is less susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities.
  • zones with rich combustion can stabilize neighboring zones with lean combustion.
  • EP 1 050 713 A1 discloses a method for suppressing or controlling thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion chamber, in which said vibrations are detected in a closed control loop and acoustic vibrations of a specific amplitude and phase are generated as a function of the detected vibrations and are generated in the Combustion chamber can be coupled.
  • This measure suppresses or reduces the thermoacoustic vibrations if the amplitude of the acoustic vibrations generated is selected in proportion to the amplitude of the detected vibrations within the control loop. With this procedure thus dampens the thermoacoustic vibrations arising in certain operating situations.
  • the invention deals with the problem of showing a way of improving the operating behavior for a combustion chamber of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular the occurrence of pressure pulsations and / or the emission of pollutants should be reduced ,
  • the invention is based on the general idea of determining associated values for pressure pulsations and / or pollutant emissions for each burner group and regulating the fuel supply to the burner groups as a function thereof. This is achieved according to the invention with a sensor system that detects the values for the pressure pulsations and / or emissions separately for each burner group and makes them available to a controller that controls distribution valves that control the fuel flow to the individual burner groups as a function of these pulsation values or emission values or operated.
  • the distribution valves are activated or actuated in such a way that the pulsation values and / or the emission values assume or fall below predetermined threshold values for each burner group.
  • the burner system can be operated during operation of the combustion chamber with regard to the lowest possible pollutant emissions and additionally or alternatively with regard to the lowest possible pressure pulsations.
  • the distribution valves are not actuated directly as a function of the pulsation values or the emission values, but indirectly by means of proportion factors which, for the respective burner group, represent the proportion of a predetermined total fuel flow to be supplied to this burner group that is to be supplied to the combustion chamber.
  • the controller determines a proportion factor as a function of the pulsation values and / or emission values and then controls the distributor valves as a function of these proportion factors.
  • This procedure simplifies the handling of the distributor valves and their operation. In particular, this simplifies the implementation of an important variant, in which the control system determines the proportion factors in such a way that the total fuel flow remains constant.
  • the regulation of the fuel flows for the burner groups has no or only a slight effect on the performance of the combustion chamber.
  • a combustion chamber 1 according to the invention of a gas turbine (not otherwise shown) comprises a burner system 2, a fuel supply system 3 and a combustion chamber 4, which is designed in a ring shape.
  • the burner system 2 comprises a plurality of burners 5, which are arranged in a circumferential direction at an inlet 6 of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the burner system 2 also comprises a plurality of burner groups A and B, each of which is assigned at least one of the burners 5.
  • two burner groups A and B are provided, to each of which several burners 5 are assigned.
  • the burners 5 of the one burner group A are designated 5A
  • the burners 5 of the other burner group B are designated 5B.
  • the fuel supply system 3 comprises a main line 7, which is connected to a fuel source 8, not shown. Furthermore, the fuel supply system 3 for each burner group A, B comprises a secondary line 9, which is also designated 9A or 9B in accordance with its assignment to the respective burner group A, B. Accordingly, two secondary lines 9A, 9B are provided here, each of which is connected to each burner 5 of the associated burner group A or B. For example, the secondary lines 9 are formed directly in front of the burners 5 as ring lines. Furthermore, the secondary lines 9 are each connected to the main line 7 via a distributor valve 10. The distributor valves 10 are also according to their affiliation to one of the burner groups A, B with 10A and 10B respectively.
  • the combustion chamber 1 also comprises a sensor system 11 which is connected to a controller 12.
  • the sensor system 11 is designed such that it can separately detect pressure pulsation values for each burner group A, B, which correlate with pressure pulsations of the respective burner group A, B occurring in the combustion chamber 4, and / or emission values that are associated with pollutant emissions, in particular with NO x Emissions, correlate the respective burner group A, B.
  • the sensor system 11 is equipped with at least one pressure sensor 19 and at least one emission sensor 13 for each burner group A, B.
  • the individual sensors 13, 19 are connected to the controller 12 via corresponding signal lines 14. It is clear that the sensor system 11 can also assign several pressure sensors 19 or several emission sensors 13 to each burner group A, B.
  • the sensor system 11 can have a pressure sensor 19 and an emission sensor 13 for each individual burner 5 separately.
  • the controller 12 serves to actuate the distributor valves 10 and is connected to them for this purpose via corresponding control lines 15.
  • the controller 12 is designed such that it can actuate the distributor valves 10 as a function of the determined pulsation values and / or as a function of the determined emission values. This actuation takes place according to the invention such that the pulsation values or the emission values assume or fall below predetermined threshold values for each burner group A, B.
  • the controller 12 contains a suitable algorithm which determines control signals for actuating the distributor valves 10 from the incoming pulsation values and emission values.
  • the distributor valves 10A, 10B assigned to the individual burner groups A, B are individually controlled, ie the first distributor valve 10A assigned to the first burner group A is controlled by the controller 12 depending on the pressure pulsations or Emissions actuated, while the second distributor valve 10B assigned to the second burner group B is controlled by the controller 12 as a function of the pulsations or emissions occurring at the second burner group B. Since the control of the distributor valves 10 also takes place in such a way that the variable that is responsible for the control process is varied, the controller 12 in conjunction with the sensor system 11 forms a separate and closed control loop for each burner group A, B. In each of these control loops, the pulsation value and / or the emission value are adjusted as a function of a target / actual comparison to predetermined threshold values.
  • control loops are not coupled to one another independently, but rather are coupled to one another by at least one boundary condition.
  • the control loops are preferably coupled by specifying a total fuel flow which is to be supplied to the combustion chamber 4 overall via all burners 5. This total fuel flow is ultimately responsible for the performance of the combustion chamber 1.
  • the output of the combustion chamber 1 can be kept essentially constant, even if its individual burner groups A, B are varied with respect to the partial fuel flow supplied to the respective burner group A, B.
  • These variations are implemented by the control intervention of the control 12 on the distributor valves 10 as a function of the pressure pulsations or the emissions.
  • the combustion chamber 1 according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for stationary operation.
  • an operating state for the combustion chamber 1 can be set particularly effectively, in which particularly low emission values and / or particularly low pressure pulsations occur, so that the combustion chamber 1 operates in a low-pollutant and stable manner.
  • the controller 12 determines a proportion factor as a function of the measured pulsation values or emission values for each burner group A, B.
  • Each proportion factor represents the proportion of the total fuel flow supplied to the associated burner group A, B.
  • the distribution valves 10 are then controlled as a function of these proportion factors and thus only indirectly as a function of the measured values for the pulsations and emissions.
  • the use of such proportion factors simplifies the control of the distribution valves 10. In particular, this also makes it particularly easy to implement a regulation in which the total fuel flow remains constant even with varying proportion factors.
  • the first burner group A is e.g. a proportion factor of 20% was determined. If the entire fuel flow is to be kept constant, the sum of all the proportion factors must then be 100%, so that in this example the proportion factor of the second burner group B is 80%.
  • the burner system 2 can again have 2 burner groups A and B. While the individual burners 5 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 are designed in one stage, the burners 5 in the variant in accordance with FIG. 2 are designed in two stages, here in two stages. In the exemplary embodiment shown, in both burner groups A, B all burners are each designed as multi-stage or two-stage burners 5.
  • the individual burner stages I, II can be seen in FIG. 2 in that the fuel supply to the respective burner 5 is different Places.
  • each two-stage burner 5 has a first burner stage I with an essentially axial and central fuel feed and a second burner stage II with an essentially eccentric and radial fuel feed.
  • the first burner substance I enables a pilot mode and the second burner stage II a premix mode.
  • any mixed operating states can be set between the two extreme operating modes mentioned.
  • the fuel supply system 3 now has for each burner group A, B which has multi-stage burners 5, just as many secondary lines 9 as the burners 5 of this burner group A, B have burner stages I, II.
  • two branch lines 9 are thus provided within each burner group A, B, each branch line 9 within this burner group A, B being connected to the same burner stage I or II in all burners 5.
  • four secondary lines 9 are provided in the present case, namely a first secondary line 9A
  • a second branch line 9An within the first burner group A connects the second burner stage II to a second distributor valve 10An for all burners 5A. Furthermore, a third branch line 9B
  • the controller 12 is then designed such that it can control the distribution valves 10 as a function of the emission values or pulsation values determined via the sensor system 11.
  • the controller 12 By appropriately dividing the fuel feed supplied to each burner group A, B Current to the burner stages I, II of the respective burner group A, B can now effectively influence the thermoacoustic pulsation behavior of the respective burner 5.
  • the exhaust gas emission can also be influenced by dividing the combustion currents into burner stages I, II.
  • FIG. 3 A simplified control can be achieved in an embodiment according to FIG. 3, in which two burner groups A, B are also provided, as in FIG. 2, the burners 5 of which are designed as two-stage burners with two burner stages I, II.
  • the fuel supply system 3 again has a separate branch line 9A and 9B for each burner group A, B.
  • a separate branch line 16 is also assigned to each burner stage I, II of the associated burner 5 within each burner group A, B.
  • the designation of the individual branch lines 16 takes place analogously to the designation of the individual branch lines 9 in FIG. 2. Accordingly, the first branch line 16A
  • the third branch line is 16B
  • the controller 12 can now control the distribution of the total fuel flow between the two burner groups A, B by a corresponding actuation of the two distributor valves 10A and 10B. Furthermore, the controller 12 can control the distribution of the assigned fuel flows to the two burner stages I, II via a corresponding actuation of the branch valves 17 within the respective combustion group A, B.
  • Combustion chamber 1 also in burner groups A, B, which have multi-stage (I, II) burners 5, an effective regulation of the pressure pulsations and / or emissions can be realized.
  • the burner system 2 has only two burner groups A, B
  • an embodiment with more than two burner groups A, B, C, D .... is also possible.
  • the respective burner group A, B can have only a single burner 5.
  • 4 shows an example of an embodiment with twelve burner groups A to L, each burner group A to L being equipped with only a single burner 5A to 5L.
  • the fuel supply system 3 then likewise comprises twelve secondary lines 9, of which only six are shown by way of example, 9A to 9F.
  • Each secondary line 9 connects the associated burner 5A to 5L to the main line 7 via a corresponding distribution valve 10 or 10A to 10F
  • Sensor system 11 comprises at least one pressure sensor 19 and at least one emission sensor 13 for each burner 5.
  • each burner 5 is also assigned at least one temperature sensor 18, with the aid of which a flame temperature within the combustion chamber 4 is determined in the area of the associated burner 5 can be.
  • a pressure sensor arrangement (not shown here) can also be provided, which allows a differential pressure measurement on each burner 5, with the aid of which the associated air mass flow can be determined on the respective burner 5.
  • the sensor system 11 can now separately detect values for each burner 5 which correlate with the flame temperature and, alternatively or additionally, with an air mass flow at the respective burner 5.
  • the controller 12 can now determine control signals as a function of the determined temperature values or air mass flow values, which serve to actuate the associated distributor valves 10A to 10F.
  • the controller 12 expediently controls the distributor valves 10A to 10F in such a way that a flame temperature distribution that is as homogeneous as possible is formed in the combustion chamber 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une chambre de combustion (1) destinée à une turbine à gaz, comprenant un système de combustion (2) et un système d'alimentation en carburant (3). Le système de combustion (2) présente au moins deux groupes de brûleurs (A, B) comprenant respectivement au moins un brûleur (5). Le système d'alimentation en carburant (3) présente une conduite principale (7) reliée à une source de carburant (8), et pour chaque groupe de brûleurs (A, B) une conduite secondaire (9). Chaque conduite secondaire (9) est reliée à chaque brûleur (5) du groupe de brûleurs correspondant (A, B) et à la conduite principale (7) par une soupape de répartition commandable (10). Un système de détection (11) détecte pour chaque groupe de brûleurs (A, B) des valeurs de pulsation de pression et/ou des valeurs d'émission. Un dispositif de commande (12) commande les soupapes de répartition (10) en fonction des valeurs de pulsation et/ou des valeurs d'émission de sorte que, pour chaque groupe de brûleurs (A, B), les valeurs de pulsation et/ou les valeurs d'émission sont supérieures ou égales à des valeurs seuil prédéterminées.
EP05743002.7A 2004-03-29 2005-03-17 Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant Not-in-force EP1730449B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004015187A DE102004015187A1 (de) 2004-03-29 2004-03-29 Brennkammer für eine Gasturbine und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
PCT/EP2005/051229 WO2005093327A1 (fr) 2004-03-29 2005-03-17 Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1730449A1 true EP1730449A1 (fr) 2006-12-13
EP1730449B1 EP1730449B1 (fr) 2017-11-01

Family

ID=34965762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05743002.7A Not-in-force EP1730449B1 (fr) 2004-03-29 2005-03-17 Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7484352B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1730449B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004015187A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005093327A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20070163267A1 (en) 2007-07-19
US7484352B2 (en) 2009-02-03
WO2005093327A1 (fr) 2005-10-06
EP1730449B1 (fr) 2017-11-01
DE102004015187A1 (de) 2005-10-20

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