EP1727927B1 - Method for coating a yarn - Google Patents

Method for coating a yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1727927B1
EP1727927B1 EP05716016A EP05716016A EP1727927B1 EP 1727927 B1 EP1727927 B1 EP 1727927B1 EP 05716016 A EP05716016 A EP 05716016A EP 05716016 A EP05716016 A EP 05716016A EP 1727927 B1 EP1727927 B1 EP 1727927B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarn
coating
process according
dispersion
yarns
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP05716016A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1727927A1 (en
Inventor
Freddy Marinus Johannes Tijink
Henricus Hubertus Wilhelmus Feijen
Ronald Stiefelhagen
Christian Vieth
Johannes Petrus Maria Dortmans
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Diolen Industrial Fibers BV
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Diolen Industrial Fibers BV
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Application filed by Diolen Industrial Fibers BV filed Critical Diolen Industrial Fibers BV
Priority to EP05716016A priority Critical patent/EP1727927B1/en
Publication of EP1727927A1 publication Critical patent/EP1727927A1/en
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Publication of EP1727927B1 publication Critical patent/EP1727927B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D02G3/404—Yarns or threads coated with polymeric solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a process for coating a yarn comprising the steps of first contacting the yarn with a dispersion of the coating agent in a dispersing agent or with the coating agent in molten form, optionally re-dispersing excess dispersion or melt from the yarn is stripped, and then the coating is formed on the yarn, which is done in the case of dispersion by at least partial removal of the dispersant by means of heating, and then the yarn thus coated is cooled and wound up.
  • Such a method is known.
  • US-A-3,407,092 a coated yarn obtained by passing a yarn of nylon through a bath of an emulsion containing an acrylate-based copolymer in an aqueous emulsion and then drying at about 93 ° C for two minutes. This yarn is then cooled and twisted.
  • the application of coating agent is in the yarns of US 3,407,092 about 1 to 10 wt .-%.
  • the coating or coating of fabrics such as fabrics, knits, paper and nonwovens is also known.
  • this type of coating is understood to mean the application of a film-like coating of natural or synthetic materials, as a coating material, to the fabric or the carrier web the purpose of making them suitable for special requirements or to give them new properties, eg for artificial leather, coverings, tarpaulins, etc.
  • the fabric in the first Line is responsible for the mechanical strength of the final product, while the applied coating, the behavior of the material in use against external influences, such as breathability, kink and scratch resistance, light radiation, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, water, heat, as well as the appearance, such as printing , Coloring, graining, and the particular usability.
  • the coating is painted as a uniformly thick layer by means of so-called doctor blade on the carrier web.
  • the thickness of the coating depends on the particular application and can be both fractions of a millimeter and several millimeters. Such an order form is known per se to those skilled in the art and need not be further elaborated here.
  • a good adhesion of the coating on the carrier web is often guaranteed only when first a primer is applied with a very small amount of the coating. After the intermediate drying, the proportionately larger layer is applied and, if necessary, even a third so-called final layer, also called finishing coat, applied - the latter especially to ensure the scratch resistance.
  • the process of coating fabrics can thus consist of several stages, in the course of which relatively large application quantities of coating agents are often used.
  • the production step of the fabric itself that is, for example, the production of fabric fabrics from yarns, etc.
  • coated yarns could be processed directly into coated fabrics that are still subject to heat and / or pressure, e.g. by hot pressing, lead to a uniform and permanent coating of the tissue.
  • the known methods for coating yarns still have disadvantages that limit their applications.
  • the amount of coating applied to the yarns is often too low to serve as an equivalent replacement for the subsequent subsequent coating of the fabrics.
  • the order quantity in the US 3,407,092 is too low with 1 to 10 wt .-%.
  • the yarns obtained by direct coating often have too little uniformity both in the amount of coating and in the shape of the coated yarns thus obtained. It is often not uniformly round or flattened yarns obtained that are difficult, eg on looms, further processable. Naturally, this problem is more pronounced when it comes to high application rates of coating agents.
  • speed is to be understood as the length of yarn which comes into contact with the coating agent within a unit of time.
  • yarns are obtained which not only have a high and uniform application of coating, but are also very well suited for further processing in terms of their uniform round shape.
  • Yarns made of multifilaments behave after the coating according to the invention then similar to monofilaments, which, for example, has a very advantageous effect on their flow behavior.
  • the yarn which is still relatively hot due to the formation of the coating by means of heat or by the contact with the coating agent in molten form, is therefore additionally cooled in addition to cooling by ambient air, with a water-cooled tangeldoil having proven particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • dispersion means a fine distribution of a substance in another substance.
  • the degree of dispersion may range from coarsely disperse systems having an average particle size of> 10 -6 m over colloidally disperse systems having an average particle size of between 10 -6 m and 10 -9 m up to the molecular disperse systems (particle size ⁇ 10 -10 m).
  • liquid dispersants and solid or liquid disperse constituents are used in the context of this invention. Such dispersions are known to the person skilled in the art as emulsion or sol
  • the process according to the invention is particularly advantageously suitable as part of a stretching or spinning stretching process in the course of which it can be incorporated.
  • it is proposed to supply the heat required in the case of removal of the dispersing agent during the relaxation step which is required anyway in the drawing process. This results in a simple and advantageous manner for setting the desired coating and the desired yarn properties.
  • the contacting of the yarn with the dispersion or the coating agent takes place in molten form by passing the yarn through the dispersion or the melt.
  • the dispersion of the coating composition or the coating agent is in molten form within a container through which the yarn is passed, for example by means of rollers.
  • the yarn can be guided by a scraper, for example in the form of a round opening whose diameter is adjustable.
  • a scraper as an adjustable "aperture" can be scrapped amount of dispersion or coating agent set in molten form in a very simple but effective way.
  • the particular advantage of this type of coating agent application is that even yarns can be obtained which absorb only relatively small amounts of coating agent.
  • melt or the dispersion with the coating agent can also be applied by per se conventional and known preparation devices, for example by spraying, or by means of application rollers ("kiss-rolls").
  • the yarns to be coated can also run through the coating agent in a single-twisted manner, for example as adjacent multifilaments.
  • the treatment of untwisted yarns is even desirable because after forming fabrics, such as fabrics, from these untwisted coated yarns, very dense and closed sheets can be obtained by the use of pressure and temperature. Due to the relatively broader surface contiguousness of the individual filaments in untwisted yarn compared to the twisted yarn, there is a greater broadening in the tissue. This results in a very excellent fabric finish, which can be used well for a number of applications. Moreover, the fabric thus obtained is also relatively thin relative to fabrics obtained from coated and twisted yarns.
  • the yarns in the form of monofilaments are subjected to the coating process according to the present invention.
  • the coating of the individual filaments with the coating agent leads to the formation of a core-shell structure in the manner of (much more complicated) bicomponent spinning, wherein the coating agent forms the shell component.
  • the shell components melt and a practically closed covering is formed around the core components formed by the filaments. Structures obtained in this way are characterized by the absence of the unwanted wicking effect.
  • the inventive method is well suited for the production of so-called "low-wick” - or preferably "no-wick” yarns.
  • the yarns to be coated are advantageously yarns of thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyester or polyolefin, and blends or copolymers thereof.
  • thermoplastics for the claimed method lies in the fact that it can be conveniently integrated into typical melt spinning processes with connected or downstream stretching devices.
  • Particularly preferred - due to their frequent use in coated fabrics - are those yarns which consist essentially of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the coating is carried out continuously at speeds of the yarn between 50 and 1000 m / min.
  • Suitable coating agents are in principle all materials which can be melted and / or dispersed. In the context of the present invention, however, it is particularly preferred if the coating agent is a polymer selected from the group consisting of silicone, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyacrylate, polyvinyl compounds and copolymers and blends thereof.
  • coating agents consisting essentially of polyvinyl chloride.
  • the dispersant it is desirable, especially from the environmental and cost point of view, if it is water.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to apply coating amounts of from 1 to 800% by weight, preferably from 10 to 500% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 400% by weight, to the yarns in a readily adjustable amount and reproducibly and uniformly to obtain.
  • the present invention is further directed to coated yarns obtainable by the process of the present invention, as well as to fabrics such as fabrics or nonwovens containing such coated yarns.
  • the present invention is also directed to coated yarns or fabrics obtainable therefrom, which are obtainable by the process according to the invention in which the coating composition is chosen so that there is an increased transparency of the coated yarn or sheet thus obtained.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Materials made up of semi-crystalline polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are inherently transparent because their morphology is made up of crystals which are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
  • PET bottles made of semi-crystalline PET are transparent.
  • the semi-crystalline polymers are in the form of yarns or filaments, these yarns behave like large lenses due to their very small diameter and the difference in refractive indices between the air and the yarn. This strong refraction of light is the reason why a yarn bundle is opaque.
  • the yarn is coated with a coating agent which has a refractive index which is very close to the refractive index of the yarn to be coated.
  • the refractive index of the coating agent as measured at the sodium D wavelength, differs by not more than 0.01, more preferably not more than 0.001, from the refractive index of the yarn.
  • Suitable coating compositions for yarns based on polyethylene terephthalate are, for example, PVC, polyurethanes, polydimethylsiloxanes, but also polystyrenes and silicones or mixtures of the polymers mentioned.
  • Birefringence refers to the phenomenon that the speed of propagation and thus the refractive index of a material depends on the direction of vibration of the incident light.
  • the birefringence is based on the fact that the (oriented) molecules or the molecular lattice of the material in question in different directions have different polarizabilities.
  • circularly polarized natural light which can be regarded as the superposition of two beams linearly polarized perpendicular to one another, is split into two separate beams when refracted in the material decomposed with different refractive index. Birefringence occurs in all crystals that do not belong to the regular system, and is therefore a measure of the molecular orientation, for example, in stretched polymers.
  • the idea is to first determine the refractive indices of the two mutually perpendicular linearly polarized beams, to determine therefrom an isotropic refractive index for the material, and then to correlate this isotropic refractive index thus found with that of the coating agent, as described above.
  • the refractive indices of the two perpendicular beams are 1.73 and 1.55 at the sodium wavelength. This results in an isotropic index for the yarn of 1.61, which in turn gives a refractive index for the coating agent in the range of 1.60 to 1.62.

Abstract

A method for coating yarn is proposed, including steps in which the yarn is first placed in contact with a dispersion of the coating agent in a dispersing agent or with the coating agent in melted form, optionally excess dispersion or melt is scraped back off the yarn, and then the coating is formed on the yarn, where in the case of the dispersion this occurs by means of at least partially removing the dispersing agent by heating, and the yarn thus coated is then cooled down and wound, which is distinguished by the fact that the coated yarn undergoes additional cooling before winding.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist gerichtet auf ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Garnes umfassend die Schritte, bei denen das Garn zunächst mit einer Dispersion aus dem Beschichtungsmittel in einem Dispersionsmittel oder mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in geschmolzener Form in Kontakt gebracht wird, gegebenenfalls überschüssige Dispersion oder Schmelze vom Garn wieder abgestreift wird, und anschließend die Beschichtung auf dem Garn ausgebildet wird, wobei dieses im Falle der Dispersion durch zumindest teilweises Entfernen des Dispersionsmittels mittels Erwärmung geschieht, und das so beschichtete Garn daraufhin abgekühlt und aufgewickelt wird.The present invention is directed to a process for coating a yarn comprising the steps of first contacting the yarn with a dispersion of the coating agent in a dispersing agent or with the coating agent in molten form, optionally re-dispersing excess dispersion or melt from the yarn is stripped, and then the coating is formed on the yarn, which is done in the case of dispersion by at least partial removal of the dispersant by means of heating, and then the yarn thus coated is cooled and wound up.

Ein solches Verfahren ist bekannt. So beschreibt beispielsweise die US-A-3,407,092 ein beschichtetes Garn, das erhalten wird, indem ein Garn aus Nylon durch ein Bad aus einer Emulsion, enthaltend ein Copolymer auf Basis Acrylat in wässriger Emulsion, geleitet wird und anschließend bei etwa 93 °C zwei Minuten lang getrocknet wird. Dieses Garn wird dann gekühlt und gezwirnt. Der Auftrag an Beschichtungsmittel beträgt bei den Garnen der US 3,407,092 ca. 1 bis 10 Gew.-%.Such a method is known. For example, describes the US-A-3,407,092 a coated yarn obtained by passing a yarn of nylon through a bath of an emulsion containing an acrylate-based copolymer in an aqueous emulsion and then drying at about 93 ° C for two minutes. This yarn is then cooled and twisted. The application of coating agent is in the yarns of US 3,407,092 about 1 to 10 wt .-%.

Das Beschichten oder Coaten von Flächengebilden, wie Geweben, Gewirken, Papier und Vliesstoffen ist ebenfalls bekannt. Allgemein versteht man unter dieser Art von Beschichtung das Aufbringen eines filmartigen Überzugs aus Natur- oder Kunststoffen, als Streichmasse, auf das Flächengebilde bzw. die Trägerbahn, mit dem Zweck, diese für besondere Anforderungen geeignet zu machen bzw. ihr neue Eigenschaften zu verleihen, z.B. für Kunstleder, Bedeckungen, Planen usw. Durch Kombination geeigneter Flächengebilde bzw. Trägerbahnen und Beschichtungen können Fertigprodukte mit vollkommen neuen Eigenschaften erhalten werden, wobei das Flächengebilde in erster Linie für die mechanische Festigkeit des Endproduktes verantwortlich ist, während die aufgebrachte Beschichtung das Verhalten des Materials beim Gebrauch gegen äußere Einflüsse, wie Atmungsfähigkeit, Knick- und Kratzfestigkeit, Lichtstrahlung, chemische Beständigkeit, flame retardancy, Wasser, Wärme, sowie das Aussehen, wie Bedruckung, Färbung, Narbung, und die besondere Verwendbarkeit bestimmt.The coating or coating of fabrics such as fabrics, knits, paper and nonwovens is also known. In general, this type of coating is understood to mean the application of a film-like coating of natural or synthetic materials, as a coating material, to the fabric or the carrier web the purpose of making them suitable for special requirements or to give them new properties, eg for artificial leather, coverings, tarpaulins, etc. By combining suitable fabrics or carrier webs and coatings finished products can be obtained with completely new properties, the fabric in the first Line is responsible for the mechanical strength of the final product, while the applied coating, the behavior of the material in use against external influences, such as breathability, kink and scratch resistance, light radiation, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, water, heat, as well as the appearance, such as printing , Coloring, graining, and the particular usability.

In der Regel wird die Beschichtung als eine gleichmäßig dicke Schicht mittels sogenannter Streichmesser auf die Trägerbahn gestrichen. Die Dicke der Beschichtung richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck und kann sowohl Bruchteile eines Millimeters als auch mehrere Millimeter betragen. Eine solche Auftragsform ist dem Fachmann an sich bekannt und braucht hier nicht weiter ausgeführt zu werden.In general, the coating is painted as a uniformly thick layer by means of so-called doctor blade on the carrier web. The thickness of the coating depends on the particular application and can be both fractions of a millimeter and several millimeters. Such an order form is known per se to those skilled in the art and need not be further elaborated here.

Hinsichtlich des Aufbaus der Beschichtung ist zu beachten, dass eine gute Haftung der Beschichtung auf der Trägerbahn oft nur dann gewährleistet ist, wenn zunächst eine Grundierung mit einer sehr geringen Menge der Beschichtung aufgebracht wird. Nach der Zwischentrocknung wird die anteilsmäßig größere Schicht aufgebracht und ggf. sogar noch eine dritte sogenannte Schlussschicht, auch Schlussstrich genannt, aufgebracht - letztere besonders, um die Kratzfestigkeit zu gewährleisten.With regard to the structure of the coating is to be noted that a good adhesion of the coating on the carrier web is often guaranteed only when first a primer is applied with a very small amount of the coating. After the intermediate drying, the proportionately larger layer is applied and, if necessary, even a third so-called final layer, also called finishing coat, applied - the latter especially to ensure the scratch resistance.

Der Prozess des Beschichtens von Flächengebilden kann also durchaus aus mehreren Stufen bestehen, in deren Verlauf oft verhältnismäßig große Auftragsmengen an Beschichtungsmitteln eingesetzt werden. Hinzu kommt in der Regel auch noch der Herstellungsschritt des Flächengebildes an sich, also beispielsweise das Herstellen von Flächengeweben aus Garnen usw.The process of coating fabrics can thus consist of several stages, in the course of which relatively large application quantities of coating agents are often used. In addition, as a rule, there is also the production step of the fabric itself, that is, for example, the production of fabric fabrics from yarns, etc.

Es wäre daher wünschenswert, wenn zumindest Teile des Beschichtungsverfahrens bereits in vorgelagerten Prozessstufen durchgeführt werden könnten, also beispielsweise noch vor dem Webschritt. Dann könnten beschichtete Garne direkt zu beschichteten Flächengeweben verarbeitet werden, die lediglich noch unter Anwendung von Wärme und/oder Druck, z.B. durch Heißpressen, zu einer gleichmäßigen und dauerhaften Beschichtung des Gewebes führen.It would therefore be desirable if at least parts of the coating process could already be carried out in upstream process stages, that is, for example, before the weaving step. Then, coated yarns could be processed directly into coated fabrics that are still subject to heat and / or pressure, e.g. by hot pressing, lead to a uniform and permanent coating of the tissue.

Auch wäre es sinnvoll, wenn z.B. eine Teilbeschichtung bereits auf den Garnen bzw. im Gewebe vorliegen würde, so dass lediglich nur noch ein oder vielleicht zwei Beschichtungsschritte am fertigen Flächengebilde ausgeführt werden müssen.It would also be useful if e.g. a partial coating would already be present on the yarns or in the fabric, so that only one or perhaps two coating steps have to be carried out on the finished fabric.

Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, die Garne bereits vor ihrer Weiterverarbeitung zur Flächengebilden mit Beschichtungen auszurüsten, wie beispielsweise in der oben zitierten US 3,407,092 ausgeführt.There has been no lack of attempts to equip the yarns prior to their further processing to form fabrics with coatings, such as in the above-cited US 3,407,092 executed.

Leider weisen die bekannten Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Garnen stets noch Nachteile auf, die ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten einschränken. So ist oft die Auftragsmenge an Beschichtung auf den Garnen zu gering, um als gleichwertiger Ersatz für die erst anschließend folgende Beschichtung der Flächengebilde zu dienen. Auch die Auftragsmenge in der US 3,407,092 ist mit 1 bis 10 Gew.-% zu gering.Unfortunately, the known methods for coating yarns still have disadvantages that limit their applications. For example, the amount of coating applied to the yarns is often too low to serve as an equivalent replacement for the subsequent subsequent coating of the fabrics. Also the order quantity in the US 3,407,092 is too low with 1 to 10 wt .-%.

Weiterhin weisen die durch direkte Beschichtung erhaltenen Garne häufig eine zu geringe Gleichmäßigkeit, sowohl hinsichtlich der Menge an Beschichtung, als auch hinsichtlich der Form der so erhaltenen beschichteten Garne auf. Es werden häufig nicht gleichmäßig runde bzw. abgeplattete Garne erhalten, die nur schwierig, z.B. auf Webmaschinen, weiter verarbeitbar sind. Dieses Problem tritt naturgemäß verstärkt in Erscheinung, wenn es sich um hohe Auftragsmengen an Beschichtungsmitteln handelt.Furthermore, the yarns obtained by direct coating often have too little uniformity both in the amount of coating and in the shape of the coated yarns thus obtained. It is often not uniformly round or flattened yarns obtained that are difficult, eg on looms, further processable. Naturally, this problem is more pronounced when it comes to high application rates of coating agents.

Darüber hinaus ist auch die Geschwindigkeit des Auftragens an Beschichtung auf die Garne problematisch, da zum einen bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten der Auftrag ungleichmäßig und/oder zu gering ist, wohingegen bei niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten der Prozess an sich unökonomisch wird. Unter Geschwindigkeit im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung soll die Strecke an Garn verstanden werden, die innerhalb einer Zeiteinheit mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in Berührung kommt.Moreover, the speed of application to coating on the yarns is also problematic because, firstly, at high speeds the application is uneven and / or too low, whereas at lower speeds the process itself becomes uneconomical. For the purposes of the present invention, speed is to be understood as the length of yarn which comes into contact with the coating agent within a unit of time.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein weiteres Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Garnen zur Verfügung zu stellen, dass die vorstehend geschilderten Probleme zumindest reduziert.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a further method for coating yarns that at least reduces the problems described above.

Es wurde nun überraschend gefunden, dass die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren, wie im Eingangsabsatz oder im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschrieben, gelöst wird, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass das beschichtete Garn eine zusätzliche Abkühlung vor der Aufwicklung erfährt.It has now surprisingly been found that the object of the invention is achieved by a method as described in the opening paragraph or in the preamble of claim 1, which is characterized in that the coated yarn undergoes an additional cooling before winding.

Durch diese verhältnismäßig einfache Maßnahme werden Garne erhalten, die nicht nur einen hohen und gleichmäßigen Auftrag an Beschichtung aufweisen, sondern auch hinsichtlich ihrer gleichmäßigen runden Form sehr gut zur Weiterverarbeitung geeignet sind. Garne aus Multifilamenten verhalten sich nach der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtung dann ähnlich wie Monofilamente, was sich beispielsweise sehr vorteilhaft auf ihr Ablaufverhalten auswirkt.By this relatively simple measure yarns are obtained which not only have a high and uniform application of coating, but are also very well suited for further processing in terms of their uniform round shape. Yarns made of multifilaments behave after the coating according to the invention then similar to monofilaments, which, for example, has a very advantageous effect on their flow behavior.

Das durch die Ausbildung der Beschichtung mittels Wärme bzw. durch den Kontakt mit dem Beschichtungsmittel in geschmolzener Form noch relativ heiße Garn wird also neben der Abkühlung durch Umgebungsluft noch zusätzlich abgekühlt, wobei sich zu diesem Zweck besonders eine wassergekühlte Tangeldüse bewährt hat.The yarn, which is still relatively hot due to the formation of the coating by means of heat or by the contact with the coating agent in molten form, is therefore additionally cooled in addition to cooling by ambient air, with a water-cooled tangeldoil having proven particularly suitable for this purpose.

Unter Garn soll im Rahmen dieser Erfindung die im übrigen gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für "praktisch endloses fadenförmiges Gebilde aus endlichen Fasern oder aus ein oder mehreren praktisch endlosen Elementarfäden" verstanden werden.In the context of this invention, the term "yarn" which is otherwise customary for "practically endless thread-like structure of finite fibers or from one or more practically endless filaments ".

Unter Dispersion soll im Rahmen dieser Erfindung eine feine Verteilung eines Stoffes in einem anderen Stoff zu verstehen sein. Der Dispersionsgrad kann von grobdispersen Systemen mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengröße von > 10-6 m über kolloiddisperse Systeme mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengröße zwischen 10-6 m und 10-9 m bis hin zu den molekulardispersen Systemen (Teilchengröße < 10-10 m) reichen. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung werden in der Regel flüssige Dispersionsmittel und feste oder flüssige disperse Bestandteile eingesetzt. Solche Dispersionen sind dem Fachmann als Emulsion bzw. Sol bekanntFor the purposes of the present invention, dispersion means a fine distribution of a substance in another substance. The degree of dispersion may range from coarsely disperse systems having an average particle size of> 10 -6 m over colloidally disperse systems having an average particle size of between 10 -6 m and 10 -9 m up to the molecular disperse systems (particle size <10 -10 m). As a rule, liquid dispersants and solid or liquid disperse constituents are used in the context of this invention. Such dispersions are known to the person skilled in the art as emulsion or sol

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich besonders vorteilhaft als Bestandteil eines Streck- oder Spinnstreckprozesses, in dessen Verlauf es eingebaut werden kann. Um das Verfahren noch ökonomischer zu gestalten, wird vorgeschlagen, die im Falle des Entfernens des Dispersionsmittels nötige Wärme während des ohnehin im Streckprozess notwendigen Relaxationsschrittes zuzuführen. Dadurch kommt es in einfacher und vorteilhafter Weise zum Einstellen der gewünschten Beschichtung und der angestrebten Garneigenschaften.The process according to the invention is particularly advantageously suitable as part of a stretching or spinning stretching process in the course of which it can be incorporated. In order to make the process even more economical, it is proposed to supply the heat required in the case of removal of the dispersing agent during the relaxation step which is required anyway in the drawing process. This results in a simple and advantageous manner for setting the desired coating and the desired yarn properties.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Kontaktierung des Garnes mit der Dispersion oder dem Beschichtungsmittel in geschmolzener Form durch ein Durchleiten des Garnes durch die Dispersion oder die Schmelze.In a preferred embodiment, the contacting of the yarn with the dispersion or the coating agent takes place in molten form by passing the yarn through the dispersion or the melt.

Hierbei hat es sich besonders bewährt, wenn sich die Dispersion des Beschichtungsmittels oder das Beschichtungsmittel in geschmolzener Form innerhalb eines Behältnisses befindet, durch die das Garn beispielsweise mittels Rollen hindurchgeführt wird. Unmittelbar nach dem Verlassen des Behältnisses kann das Garn dabei durch einen Abstreifer geführt werden, z.B. in Form einer runden Öffnung, deren Durchmesser verstellbar ist. Durch diese Ausführung des Abstreifers als verstellbare "Blende" läßt sich die abzustreifende Menge an Dispersions- bzw. Beschichtungsmittel in geschmolzener Form auf sehr einfache, aber effektive Weise einstellen.
Der besondere Vorteil bei dieser Art des Beschichtungsmittelauftrags liegt darin, dass auch Garne erhalten werden können, die nur relativ geringe Mengen an Beschichtungsmittel aufnehmen. Diese derart beschichteten Garne eigen sich, beispielsweise nach dem Webprozess, vorzüglich als Grundform für das Auftragen eines weiteren Beschichtungsschrittes, in dessen Verlauf ggf. Additive, wie Haftungsaktivierer und dergleichen, zugesetzt werden können, die andererseits aufgrund zu geringer Stabilität nicht einzusetzen sind.
Der erfindungsgemäße Prozess erlaubt daher eine hohe Flexibilität bei der Herstellung beschichteter Garne bzw. Flächengebilde.In this case, it has proven particularly useful if the dispersion of the coating composition or the coating agent is in molten form within a container through which the yarn is passed, for example by means of rollers. Immediately after leaving the container, the yarn can be guided by a scraper, for example in the form of a round opening whose diameter is adjustable. By this design of the scraper as an adjustable "aperture" can be scrapped amount of dispersion or coating agent set in molten form in a very simple but effective way.
The particular advantage of this type of coating agent application is that even yarns can be obtained which absorb only relatively small amounts of coating agent. These yarns coated in this way are particularly suitable, for example after the weaving process, as a basic form for applying a further coating step, in the course of which additives, such as adhesion activators and the like, can be added, which, on the other hand, can not be used due to insufficient stability.
The process according to the invention therefore permits a high degree of flexibility in the production of coated yarns or fabrics.

Selbstverständlich sind auch weitere Arten für das Auftragen des Beschichtungsmittels denkbar. So kann die Schmelze bzw. die Dispersion mit dem Beschichtungsmittel auch durch an sich übliche und bekannte Präparationsvorrichtungen, beispielsweise durch Aufsprühen, oder mittels Auftragsrollen ("kiss-rolls") aufgebracht werden.Of course, other types for applying the coating agent are conceivable. Thus, the melt or the dispersion with the coating agent can also be applied by per se conventional and known preparation devices, for example by spraying, or by means of application rollers ("kiss-rolls").

Ein weiterer Vorteil des Verfahrens besteht darin, dass die zu beschichtenden Garne auch ungezwirnt, beispielsweise als nebeneinanderliegende Multifilamente, durch das Beschichtungsmittel laufen können. Das Behandeln von ungezwirnten Garnen ist sogar erwünscht, da nach dem Erstellen von Flächengebilden, beispielsweise von Geweben, aus diesen ungezwirnt beschichteten Garnen durch den Einsatz von Druck und Temperatur sehr dichte und geschlossene Flächengebilde erhalten werden können. Durch das verhältnismäßig breitflächigere Zusammenliegen der einzelnen Filamente im ungezwirnten Garn im Vergleich zum gezwirnten Garn kommt es zu einer größeren Verbreiterung auch im Gewebe. Dadurch entsteht ein ganz hervorragender Gewebeschluss, der sich für eine Reihe von Anwendungen gut ausnutzen läßt. Darüber hinaus ist das so erhaltene Gewebe auch relativ dünn im Verhältnis zu Geweben, die aus beschichteten und gezwirnten Garnen erhalten werden.Another advantage of the method is that the yarns to be coated can also run through the coating agent in a single-twisted manner, for example as adjacent multifilaments. The treatment of untwisted yarns is even desirable because after forming fabrics, such as fabrics, from these untwisted coated yarns, very dense and closed sheets can be obtained by the use of pressure and temperature. Due to the relatively broader surface contiguousness of the individual filaments in untwisted yarn compared to the twisted yarn, there is a greater broadening in the tissue. This results in a very excellent fabric finish, which can be used well for a number of applications. Moreover, the fabric thus obtained is also relatively thin relative to fabrics obtained from coated and twisted yarns.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Garne in Form von Einzel- bzw. Monofilamenten dem Beschichtungsverfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung unterzogen. Durch die Beschichtung der Einzelfilamente mit dem Beschichtungsmittel kommt es zur Ausbildung einer Kern-Mantel-Struktur nach Art des (wesentlich aufwendigeren) Bikomponentenspinnens, wobei das Beschichtungsmittel die Mantelkomponente bildet. Werden nun anschließend diese derart beschichteten Einzelfilamente wieder zusammengebracht und mit Wärme und ggf. auch Druck behandelt, schmelzen die Mantelkomponenten auf und es kommt zur Ausbildung einer praktisch geschlossenen Umhüllung um die durch die Filamente gebildeten Kernkomponenten. Derart erhaltene Strukturen zeichnen sich durch das Nichtvorhandensein des unerwünschten Dochteffektes (wicking) aus. Somit ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gut geeignet zur Herstellung von sogenannten "low-wick"- bzw. bevorzugt "no-wick"-Garnen.In another preferred embodiment, the yarns in the form of monofilaments are subjected to the coating process according to the present invention. The coating of the individual filaments with the coating agent leads to the formation of a core-shell structure in the manner of (much more complicated) bicomponent spinning, wherein the coating agent forms the shell component. Now, if these individual filaments coated in this way are subsequently brought together again and treated with heat and optionally also with pressure, the shell components melt and a practically closed covering is formed around the core components formed by the filaments. Structures obtained in this way are characterized by the absence of the unwanted wicking effect. Thus, the inventive method is well suited for the production of so-called "low-wick" - or preferably "no-wick" yarns.

Bei den zu beschichtenden Garnen handelt es sich vorteilhaft um Garne aus thermoplastischen Polymeren, wie Polyamid, Polyester oder Polyolefin sowie Blends oder Copolymere daraus.The yarns to be coated are advantageously yarns of thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyester or polyolefin, and blends or copolymers thereof.

Selbstverständlich ist es aber auch möglich, andere Arten von Garnen, z.B. aus Naturfasern oder auch lösungsmittelgesponnene Garne in der erfindungsgemäßen Art zu behandeln.
Die gute Eignung der Thermoplasten für das beanspruchte Verfahren liegt jedoch darin begründet, dass es sich in bequemer Weise in typische Schmelzspinnprozesse mit angeschlossenen bzw. nachgelagerten Verstreckeinrichtungen integrieren läßt.Of course, it is also possible to treat other types of yarns, for example made of natural fibers or solvent-spun yarns in the manner according to the invention.
However, the good suitability of the thermoplastics for the claimed method lies in the fact that it can be conveniently integrated into typical melt spinning processes with connected or downstream stretching devices.

Besonders bevorzugt - aufgrund ihres häufigen Einsatzes in beschichteten Flächengeweben - sind solche Garne, die im wesentlichen aus Polyethylenterephthalat bestehen.Particularly preferred - due to their frequent use in coated fabrics - are those yarns which consist essentially of polyethylene terephthalate.

Es wird bevorzugt, wenn die Beschichtung kontinuierlich bei Geschwindigkeiten des Garnes zwischen 50 und 1000 m/min durchgeführt wird.It is preferred if the coating is carried out continuously at speeds of the yarn between 50 and 1000 m / min.

Als Beschichtungsmittel eignen sich prinzipiell alle Materialien, die sich aufschmelzen und/oder dispergieren lassen. Besonders bevorzugt wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung allerdings, wenn es sich bei dem Beschichtungsmittel um ein Polymer handelt, das gewählt ist aus der Gruppe enthaltend Silikon-, Polyurethan-, Polyolefin-, Polyacrylat-, Polyvinylverbindungen sowie Copolymere und Blends daraus.Suitable coating agents are in principle all materials which can be melted and / or dispersed. In the context of the present invention, however, it is particularly preferred if the coating agent is a polymer selected from the group consisting of silicone, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyacrylate, polyvinyl compounds and copolymers and blends thereof.

Noch mehr bevorzugt sind Beschichtungsmittel, die im wesentlichen aus Polyvinylchlorid bestehen.Even more preferred are coating agents consisting essentially of polyvinyl chloride.

Hinsichtlich des Dispersionsmittels ist es wünschenswert- insbesondere aus Umwelt- und Kostengesichtspunkten, wenn es sich dabei um Wasser handelt.With regard to the dispersant, it is desirable, especially from the environmental and cost point of view, if it is water.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es, Auftragsmengen an Beschichtungsmittel zwischen 1 und 800 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 500 Gew.-%, noch bevorzugter zwischen 50 und 400 Gew.-%, auf den Garnen in gut einstellbarer Menge und reproduzierbar sowie gleichmäßig zu erhalten.The process according to the invention makes it possible to apply coating amounts of from 1 to 800% by weight, preferably from 10 to 500% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 400% by weight, to the yarns in a readily adjustable amount and reproducibly and uniformly to obtain.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist weiterhin auf beschichtete Garn gerichtet, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhältlich sind, sowie auf Flächengebilde, wie Gewebe oder Vliese, die derart beschichtete Garne enthalten.The present invention is further directed to coated yarns obtainable by the process of the present invention, as well as to fabrics such as fabrics or nonwovens containing such coated yarns.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist ebenfalls auf beschichtete Garne bzw. daraus erhältliche Flächengebilde gerichtet, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhältlich sind bei denen das Beschichtungsmittel so gewählt ist, dass es zu einer erhöhten Transparenz des so erhaltenen beschichteten Garnes bzw. Flächengebilde kommt.The present invention is also directed to coated yarns or fabrics obtainable therefrom, which are obtainable by the process according to the invention in which the coating composition is chosen so that there is an increased transparency of the coated yarn or sheet thus obtained.

Materialien, die aus teilkristallinen Polymeren, wie z.B. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), aufgebaut sind, sind an sich transparent, da ihre Morphologie aus Kristallen besteht ist, welche viel kleiner sind als die Wellenlänge des sichtbaren Lichtes. Daher sind z.B. die Wände von aus teilkristallinen PET bestehenden PET-Flaschen durchsichtig.
Liegen die teilkristallinen Polymer jedoch in Form von Garnen bzw. Filamenten vor, dann verhalten sich diese Garne aufgrund ihres sehr geringen Durchmessers und des Unterschiedes der Brechnungsindices zwischen der Luft und dem Garn wie große Linsen. Diese starke Brechung des Lichtes ist der Grund dafür, dass ein Garnbündel undurchsichtig wirkt.Materials made up of semi-crystalline polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are inherently transparent because their morphology is made up of crystals which are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Thus, for example, the walls of PET bottles made of semi-crystalline PET are transparent.
However, when the semi-crystalline polymers are in the form of yarns or filaments, these yarns behave like large lenses due to their very small diameter and the difference in refractive indices between the air and the yarn. This strong refraction of light is the reason why a yarn bundle is opaque.

Die Lösung dieses Problems gelingt dadurch, dass das Garn mit einem Beschichtungsmittel beschichtet wird, das einen Brechungsindex aufweist, der sehr nahe an dem Brechungsindex des zu beschichtenden Garnes liegt. Vorzugsweise unterscheidet sich der Brechungsindex des Beschichtungsmittels, gemessen bei der Natrium-D-Wellenlänge, um nicht mehr als 0,01, noch bevorzugter um nicht mehr als 0,001, von dem Brechungsindex des Garnes.
Geeignete Beschichtungsmittel für Garne auf Basis von Polyethylenterephthalat sind z.B. PVC, Polyurethane, Polydimetylsiloxane, aber auch Polystyrole und Silikone bzw. Mischungen aus den genannten Polymeren.The solution to this problem succeeds in that the yarn is coated with a coating agent which has a refractive index which is very close to the refractive index of the yarn to be coated. Preferably, the refractive index of the coating agent, as measured at the sodium D wavelength, differs by not more than 0.01, more preferably not more than 0.001, from the refractive index of the yarn.
Suitable coating compositions for yarns based on polyethylene terephthalate are, for example, PVC, polyurethanes, polydimethylsiloxanes, but also polystyrenes and silicones or mixtures of the polymers mentioned.

Im Falle von (teil-)verstreckten Garnen kommt noch ein weiteres Problem hinzu, indem verstreckte - also orientierte - Garne, besonders technische Garne, eine hohe Doppelbrechung aufweisen. Doppelbrechung bezeichnet die Erscheinung, dass die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit und damit der Brechungsindex eines Materials von der Schwingungsrichtung des einfallenden Lichtes abhängt. Die Doppelbrechung beruht darauf, dass die (orientierten) Moleküle bzw. das Molekülgitter des betreffenden Materials in verschiedenen Richtungen verschieden große Polarisierbarkeiten aufweisen. Dadurch wird zirkular polarisiertes natürliches Licht, das als Superposition zweier senkrecht zueinander linear polarisierter Strahlen aufgefasst werden kann, bei der Brechung im Material in zwei getrennte Strahlen mit verschiedenem Brechungsindex zerlegt. Doppelbrechung tritt in allen Kristallen auf, die nicht zum regulären System gehören, und ist daher ein Maß für die Molekülorientierung z.B. in verstreckten Polymeren.In the case of (partially) drawn yarns, there is another problem in that stretched - ie oriented - yarns, especially technical yarns, have high birefringence. Birefringence refers to the phenomenon that the speed of propagation and thus the refractive index of a material depends on the direction of vibration of the incident light. The birefringence is based on the fact that the (oriented) molecules or the molecular lattice of the material in question in different directions have different polarizabilities. As a result, circularly polarized natural light, which can be regarded as the superposition of two beams linearly polarized perpendicular to one another, is split into two separate beams when refracted in the material decomposed with different refractive index. Birefringence occurs in all crystals that do not belong to the regular system, and is therefore a measure of the molecular orientation, for example, in stretched polymers.

Die Idee ist nun, zunächst die Brechungsindices der beiden senkrecht zueinander stehenden linear polarisierten Strahlen zu bestimmen, daraus einen isotropen Brechungsindex für das Material zu ermitteln und dann diesen so gefundenen isotropen Brechungsindex mit dem des Beschichtungsmittels - wie oben beschrieben - zu korrelieren.The idea is to first determine the refractive indices of the two mutually perpendicular linearly polarized beams, to determine therefrom an isotropic refractive index for the material, and then to correlate this isotropic refractive index thus found with that of the coating agent, as described above.

Im Falle eines hochverstreckten Polyethylenterephthalatgarnes betragen beispielsweise die Brechungsindices der beiden senkrecht zueinander stehenden Strahlen 1,73 und 1,55 bei der Natrium Wellenlänge. Daraus resultiert ein isotroper Index für das Garn von 1,61, woraus sich wiederum ein Brechungsindex für das Beschichtungsmittel im Bereich von 1,60 bis 1,62 ergibt.For example, in the case of a highly stretched polyethylene terephthalate yarn, the refractive indices of the two perpendicular beams are 1.73 and 1.55 at the sodium wavelength. This results in an isotropic index for the yarn of 1.61, which in turn gives a refractive index for the coating agent in the range of 1.60 to 1.62.

Claims (14)

  1. Process for coating a yarn comprising the steps in which the yarn is first brought into contact with a dispersion consisting of the coating agent in a dispersion agent, excess dispersion is stripped off the yarn again if necessary, and finally the coating is formed on the yarn, this coating being formed through at least partial removal of the dispersion agent by heating, and the coated yarn thus produced is then cooled and wound up, characterised in that the coated yarn undergoes an additional cooling before winding.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the additional cooling is performed by means of a water-cooled intermingling jet.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the coating of the yarn is part of a drawing or spin-drawing process and the heating for removal of the dispersion agent is performed during the relaxation step.
  4. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the contact between the yarn and the dispersion is effected by passing the yarn through the dispersion.
  5. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that the dispersion of the coating agent is contained in a vessel through which the yarn is passed, for example by means of rollers.
  6. Process according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the yarns are yarns made from thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyester or polyolefin and blends or copolymers thereof.
  7. Process according to Claim 6, characterised in that the yarns are yarns made predominantly of polyethylene terephthalate.
  8. Process according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the coating is performed continuously at speeds of between 50 and 1000 m/min.
  9. Process according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the coating agent is a polymer selected from the group containing compounds of silicone, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyacrylate, or polyvinyl as well as copolymers and blends thereof.
  10. Process according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the coating agent is polyvinyl chloride.
  11. Process according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the dispersion agent is water.
  12. Process according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the yarns to be coated are used untwisted.
  13. Coated yarn obtained according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the refractive index of the coating agent measured at the sodium D wavelength deviates by not more than 0.01, preferably by not more than 0.001, from the isotropic refractive index of the yarn, with the isotropic refractive index corresponding to the mean value of the refractive indices of the two linearly polarised beams resulting from the refraction of the circularly polarised natural light in the yarn.
  14. Fabrics such as wovens or nonwovens containing a coated yarn according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 13.
EP05716016A 2004-03-18 2005-03-12 Method for coating a yarn Not-in-force EP1727927B1 (en)

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EP04006473 2004-03-18
PCT/EP2005/002668 WO2005093142A1 (en) 2004-03-18 2005-03-12 Method for coating a yarn
EP05716016A EP1727927B1 (en) 2004-03-18 2005-03-12 Method for coating a yarn

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US20120148822A1 (en) * 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Shih-Ming Lin Curtain fabric
US10688775B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2020-06-23 Response Technologies, Llc Method of manufacturing containment bladders
US11745391B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2023-09-05 Response Technologies, Llc Method of manufacturing complex-shaped, flexible, and reusable tanks
KR102001619B1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-07-18 김용건 Method for manufacturing high tenacity fiber and high tenacity fiber manufactured thereby

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US3407092A (en) 1965-04-06 1968-10-22 Du Pont Coated tire cord yarn
FR2105086A1 (en) 1970-09-16 1972-04-28 Champier Ets Drawing or relaxings synthetic filament - during passage through heated chamber
US4197345A (en) 1978-09-05 1980-04-08 Engineered Yarns, Inc. Fabric having multiple solid colored stripes
US5165993A (en) 1983-07-04 1992-11-24 Akzo N.V. Aromatic polyamide yarn impregnated with lubricating particles, a process for the manufacture of such a yarn, and packing material or rope containing this yarn
DE3465353D1 (en) * 1983-07-04 1987-09-17 Akzo Nv Aromatic polyamide yarn impregnated with lubricating particles, a process for the manufacture of such a yarn, and packing material or rope containing this yarn
DE4002109A1 (en) 1990-01-25 1990-08-23 Dominik Baumueller Transparent fabric - consists of transparent fibres and transparent coating with identical refractive index to fibres
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US6682816B1 (en) 2002-07-30 2004-01-27 Yao I Fabric Co., Ltd. Fishing line and method for making the same

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EP1727927A1 (en) 2006-12-06
US7803431B2 (en) 2010-09-28
ATE398693T1 (en) 2008-07-15
DE502005004453D1 (en) 2008-07-31
US20070196651A1 (en) 2007-08-23

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