EP1903134B1 - Elastic non-woven fabric and method for its production - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to an elastic nonwoven fabric.

State of the art

From the EP 1 118 305 A2 Cleaning cloths are known which are designed as microfilament nonwovens. The US Pat. No. 6,767,498 B1 discloses nonwoven webs having multiple component filaments of elastomeric and non-elastomeric materials. The US 2006/0057432 describes a process for the production of synthetic leather in which polymer fibers are used to produce a nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric is placed in hot water, with the fibers curling and the nonwoven fabric becoming elastic. Alternatively, the nonwoven web may contain soluble fibers which can be removed, making the nonwoven web more elastic. The JP 06330449 describes a nonwoven elastic fabric which is subjected to repeated shrinkage processes in hot water. From the JP 09059862 For example, a method of making a nonwoven fabric in which a specific nonwoven fabric is drawn in hot water is known.

Nonwovens are used in many areas. They are used in medical devices, in personal hygiene products, in garments for Sports and leisure, used in the footwear industry as well as for bedding and bedding.

Today, various processes are used to produce textile fabrics. It is known to process elastane filaments in a composite surface. Furthermore, it is known to use synthetic filaments, in particular textured synthetic filaments.

The known methods for producing an elastic fabric are either very expensive or very expensive due to the use of special filaments.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying methods with which sufficiently elastic textile fabric can be produced inexpensively.

1. a) Bereitstellen eines mit Wasser befüllten Behältnisses,
2. b) Erwärmen des Wassers auf unterschiedliche Temperaturen,
3. c) Beladen des Behältnisses mit einer Bahn aus Vliesstoffrohmaterial,
4. d) Bewegen der Bahn durch das Wasser bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten,
5. e) Ändern der Temperaturen des Wassers und/ oder der Geschwindigkeiten,
6. f) Zuabelasten der Bahn in mindestens einer Richtung,

wobei durch Reduzieren der Geschwindigkeiten auf null und/ oder eine Richtungsumkehr der Verfahrrichtung der Bahn deren Breite reduziert wird.The present invention achieves the above object by a process for producing a nonwoven fabric comprising a sheet of thermoplastic filaments, the sheet being elastic and capable of being enlarged in at least one direction by at least 30% of its initial extent, comprising the steps

1. a) providing a container filled with water,
2. b) heating the water to different temperatures,
3. c) loading the container with a web of nonwoven raw material,
4. d) moving the web through the water at different speeds,
5. e) changing the temperatures of the water and / or the speeds,
6. f) allocating the web in at least one direction,

by reducing the speeds to zero and / or reversing the direction of travel of the web, its width is reduced.

With regard to the nonwoven fabric obtainable by the process according to the invention, it has been recognized that a layer of a nonwoven fabric whose width can be increased by at least 30% of its initial value provides sufficient elasticity for a large number of applications. Furthermore, it has been recognized that the manufacture of a nonwoven fabric of thermoplastic filaments allows to dispense with the addition of relatively expensive filaments such as spandex filaments.

The nonwoven fabric can be constructed uniformly, namely exclusively from thermoplastic filaments, which can be orientated in such a way that the layer can be enlarged in at least one direction by at least 30% of its initial extent due to a special treatment is. Such a uniformly constructed nonwoven fabric can be disposed of in an easy way, since it consists of uniform materials. Due to the uniformity of the filaments used storage costs are minimized, so that the production of the nonwoven fabric is inexpensive to carry out.

1. a) Bereitstellen eines mit Wasser befüllten Behältnisses,
2. b) Erwärmen des Wassers auf unterschiedliche Temperaturen,
3. c) Beladen des Behältnisses mit einer Bahn aus Vliesstoffrohmaterial,
4. d) Bewegen der Bahn durch das Wasser bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten,
5. e) Ändern der Temperaturen des Wassers und/ oder der Geschwindigkeiten,
6. f) Zugbelasten der Bahn in mindestens einer Richtung,
7. g) Durch Reduzieren der Geschwindigkeiten auf 0 und/oder eine Richtungsumkehr der Verfahrrichtung der Bahn wird deren Breite reduziert.

The method comprises the following steps:

1. a) providing a container filled with water,
2. b) heating the water to different temperatures,
3. c) loading the container with a web of nonwoven raw material,
4. d) moving the web through the water at different speeds,
5. e) changing the temperatures of the water and / or the speeds,
6. f) tensile loading of the web in at least one direction,
7. g) By reducing the speeds to 0 and / or reversing the direction of travel of the web, its width is reduced.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that with such a method, namely a wet method, a nonwoven fabric comprising a sheet of thermoplastic filaments can be configured so elastically that the layer can be reversibly enlarged in at least one direction by at least 30% of its initial extent. Furthermore, it has been recognized that this method produces a semi-finished product with a flat layer, which is wrinkle-free or wave-free. In concrete terms, it has been recognized that this method can overcome the creasing and wrinkling known from the prior art in dry processes. In addition, this method is inexpensive because it is feasible in existing plants such as a high temperature jig for dyeing textiles.

Consequently, the object mentioned above is achieved.

The layer could have a basis weight of 40 to 150 g / m ² . A nonwoven fabric with this basis weight is particularly suitable for use as a textile fabric, since it surprisingly has sufficient stability despite its low basis weight.

Against this background, the situation could show a maximum tensile force of 200 to 500 N / 5cm. This tensile strength makes the nonwoven material suitable for use as a base material for garments.

The sheet could have microfilaments with a fineness of 0.1 to 0.15 dtex. Microfilaments of this fineness allow the production of a nonwoven fabric with very fine pores, which makes it very absorbent and therefore can be used as a functional underwear. Against this background, it is conceivable that the microfilaments are formed by splitting filaments, which have a fineness of 2 to 2.4 dtex before splitting. Preferably, bicomponent filaments having a pie structure comprising 30% polyamide and 70% polyester may be used here. Bicomponent filaments of this type are particularly easy to split by high-pressure water jets, resulting in finer filaments.

The planar position could be wrinkle-free or wave-free. This embodiment makes a post-processing of the elastic nonwoven fabric, which is initially present as a semi-finished, particularly simple. Methods are already known from the prior art, which give elasticity to a nonwoven fabric. However, these processes are so-called dry processes. The dry processes have the disadvantage that the semi-finished products produced by these processes have wrinkles or wrinkles. The formation of these wrinkles and wrinkles is called "tie-dyeing effect".

By tensile load of the web whose width could be reduced in the longitudinal direction. By this concrete process step, the web is given an elasticity orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. This is due to the fact that the tensile load advantageously aligns filaments within the web.

By reducing the speeds to zero and / or reversing the direction of travel of the web, its width is reduced. By carrying out this process step, the web is surprisingly imparted with an elasticity orthogonal to the direction of the tensile load.

The water could be heated to 50 ° C. This concrete process step causes the wetting and impregnation of the web with liquid is improved.

Wetting, venting and / or softening agents could be added to the water. This concrete process step supports the process of width reduction of the web, namely allows a better sliding of the filaments together, since the friction between them is reduced.

The method could be performed such that the temperature is heated to a certain value and the web is moved at a first speed at a first tensile load first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. In this case, the process in a first direction and then in an opposite direction is to be understood as the unwinding of the web from a first roll while being wound onto a second roll and unwinding of the web from the second under winding onto the first roll. By this specific process step, the width of the web is slightly reduced.

The heating of the water to a second temperature could follow this process step, the web optionally being moved in one direction and then in an opposite direction at the same speed and the same tensile load or with an altered tensile load and / or with a changed speed. By one or more of these process steps further reduces the width of the web.

The water could finally be heated to a final temperature and the web can be traversed at a speed which is significantly lower than the speed of the first method steps. In this case, it is conceivable that the tensile load maintains the same value as was observed in the preceding method steps. Due to the significant reduction in the speed of the web and the significant increase in the water temperature is achieved in a surprising manner, a very significant reduction in the width. Concretely, the water could be heated to 130 ° C and the web at 20 m / min at a tensile load of 100 daN (daN = Deka Newton) first in one direction and then moved in an opposite direction.

After completion of the preceding process steps, namely, when the maximum temperature of the water is reached, this could be cooled gradually, the speed of the web is also gradually reduced with constant or variable tensile load. By cooling, the orientation of the filaments within the web is stabilized and the semifinished product is completed.

It is also conceivable that the previously described method steps of heating the water is associated with an increase in the speed of the web. In concrete terms, it is conceivable that the water is heated from 60 ° through 90 ° and 110 ° to 130 ° C, the speed being increased from 20 m / min to 40 m / min and finally to 80 m / min. Also by this method, a width reduction is achieved.

After reaching the maximum temperature of 130 ° C, the web can be traversed at 80 m / min at a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN and thereby dyed become. By this concrete process step, the elastification is carried out at the same time with a dyeing step.

During, before or after the discoloration, the water could be heated to 130 ° C and the web be traversed at 20 m / min at a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN. This concrete process step finally achieves the surprising effect of a very strong width reduction.

The web could be dried on a tenter at 140 ° C while maintaining a longitudinal tension and wound up. This concrete process step allows the production of a semi-finished product with particularly high elasticity and smooth surface.

There are now various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand to the subordinate claims, on the other hand, to refer to the following explanation of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings.

In conjunction with the explanation of the preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings, also generally preferred embodiments and developments of the teaching are explained,

Brief description of the drawing

In the drawing shows the only one

Fig. In a schematic view of a Hochtemperaturjigger.

Embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1 shows in a schematic view of the basic structure of the Hochtemperaturjiggers, which was used to carry out the examples described below.

A container 1 contains a volume of water 2 through which a web 3 can be moved. The web 3 is wound on a first roller 4 and is passed through further rollers 5, 6 and 7 through the volume of water 2.

The web 3 is wound on a second roller 8. When the web 3 is completely unwound from the first roll 4 and completely wound on the second roll 8, the traversing speed of the web 3 is reduced to zero and the direction is reversed.

The web 3 is then unwound again from the second roller 8, moved through the water volume 2 and wound up again on the first roller 4.

The unwinding and winding of web of nonwoven raw material may be carried out at various speeds, temperatures and tensile loads, as described in the introduction to the specification.

• Unter einem vollständigen Ab- und Aufwickelvorgang versteht man das Abwickeln einer Bahn von einer ersten Walze unter Aufwickeln auf eine zweite und das Abwickeln von der zweiten unter Aufwickeln auf die erste.

Specific examples of the implementation of the method are described below:

• A complete unwinding and unwinding operation is understood to mean the unwinding of a web from a first reel to a second reel and unwinding from the second reel to the first reel.

Example 1:

• Der Hochtemperaturjigger wurde mit Wasser befüllt und mit dem genannten Vliesstoff beladen. Der genannte Vliesstoff lag als Bahn auf einer Walze aufgewickelt vor. Im Anschluss daran wurde das Wasser auf 50°C erhitzt.

A nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 100 g / m ² , which had been pretreated by strand washing and thus mechanically loosened in the filament composite, was subjected to the following procedure:

• The high temperature jigger was filled with water and loaded with said nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric mentioned was wound as a web on a roll. Following this, the water was heated to 50 ° C.

To the water was added a wetting agent, namely Lavotan DSU of CHT at a concentration of 2 g / l, and a softening agent, namely Tanede PRT from Bayer, in a concentration of 2 g / l.

Thereafter, the water was heated to 70 ° C and the web was unwound at a speed of 100 m / min at a tensile load of 100 daN from a first roll, wound on a second, unwound from the second and rewound on the first ,

Then the water was heated to 90 ° C and the described complete winding and unwinding at the said speed and tensile load repeated.

Thereafter, the water bath was heated to 110 ° C and the complete winding and unwinding at the said speed and tensile load values repeated.

Finally, the water was heated to 130 ° C and carried out the full winding and unwinding at a tensile load of 100 daN and a speed of 20mlmin.

When reducing the winding speed to 0 m / min, namely before reversal in the other direction of travel, surprisingly, there is a significant width reduction of the web, from which a speed-dependent influence can be deduced. The slower the speed chosen, with which the web is moved at a suitable temperature and tensile load, the greater the width reduction of the web. The width of the webs, which have undergone a width reduction, have a high transverse elasticity.

Due to the high temperature of 130 ° C is a hydrofixing, namely a reorientation of the filaments within the web in the longitudinal direction,

In a next process step, the water was cooled to 110 ° C and unwound at a tensile load of 100 daN at a speed of 50m / min from a first roll and wound on a second.

Following this process step, the water was cooled to 90 ° C and unwound the web at a tensile load of 100 daN and a speed of 50 m / min from the second roll and wound on the first.

Then the water was cooled to 70 ° C and unwound the web at a tensile load of 100 daN and a speed of 50 m / min from the first roll and wound on the second.

Example 2:

• Der Hochtemperaturjigger wurde auf die gleichen Temperaturen wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben aufgeheizt, jedoch wurde schon nach dem ersten vollständigen Ab- und Aufwickelvorgang die Geschwindigkeit von 100 m/min auf 50 m/min verringert. Insoweit wurde nach Aufheizen des Wassers auf 90°C die Bahn bei einer Zugbelastung von 100 daN mit 50 m/min in einem vollständigen Ab- und Aufwickelvorgang verfahren.

A nonwoven fabric comprising a sheet having a basis weight of 130 g / m ² was subjected to the following process steps after pretreatment by strand washing:

• The high-temperature jigger was heated to the same temperatures as described in Example 1, but the speed was reduced from 100 m / min to 50 m / min after the first complete unwinding and winding operation. In that regard, after heating the water to 90 ° C, the web was traversed at a tensile load of 100 daN at 50 m / min in a complete unwinding and Aufwickelvorgang.

After heating the water to 110 ° C, the web was also subjected to a complete unwinding and rewinding, the web was traversed at a tensile load of 100 daN at 50 m / min.

After heating the water to 130 ° C, the speed was reduced to 20 m / min, the web being subjected to a tensile load of 100 daN.

The process steps of Example 1 were modified to ensure even greater width reduction and better web guidance.

Following these process steps, the web was dried on a tenter at 140 ° C while maintaining a corresponding longitudinal tension and wound up.

The web used in Example 1 had a starting width of 195.5 cm. After wet treatment by the method described in Example 1 Process steps, the web had a width of 135 cm, After subsequent drying in the tenter, the web had a width of 140 cm, which corresponds to a width reduction of 28.39%.

The web treated in Example 2 had an initial width of 195.5 cm. After wet treatment by the process steps described in Example 2, this web had a width of 150 cm. After subsequent drying in the tenter, the web had a width of 150 cm, which corresponds to a width reduction of 23.27%.

Example 3:

There were three nonwoven fabrics, namely a nonwoven fabric comprising a layer having a basis weight of 60 g / m ² , a nonwoven fabric comprising a layer having a basis weight of 100 g / m ² , and a calendering pretreated nonwoven fabric comprising a layer of 100 g / m ² , used. By calendering is meant in the case described here, the application of a grid on a layer of the nonwoven fabric.

The nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 60 g / m ² was subjected to a tensile load of 60 daN, and the nonwoven fabrics were subjected to a tensile load of 100 daN at 100 g / m ² .

First, the water was heated to 50 ° C and added plasticizer and wetting agent according to Example 1. Each of the samples was unwound once from a first roll and wound up on a second roll.

Thereafter, the water was heated to 60 ° C and each of the webs was subjected to a complete unwinding and rewinding operation, the webs being traversed at a speed of 20 m / min.

Thereafter, the water was heated to 90 ° C and the webs were subjected to a complete unwinding and rewinding, the webs were moved at a speed of 40 m / min.

Then the water was heated to 110 ° C. The webs were subjected to a complete unwinding and rewinding operation at a speed of 40 m / min.

Then the water was heated to 130 ° C and the webs at 40 m / min subjected to a complete unwinding and winding.

Thereafter, the water was kept at 130 ° C and the webs subjected to a complete unwinding and winding at a speed of 80 m / min. In this process step, the webs were dyed at the same time.

Then the webs were traversed at 20 m / min in a 130 ° C water bath. Finally, the container was cooled in several steps according to Example 1.

The nonwoven fabric comprising a layer of 60 g / m ² basis weight had a starting width of 205 cm. After treatment in Hochtemperaturigig he had a width of 136 cm. After subsequent drying and thermofixing in a tenter, it showed a width of 140 cm and thus a width reduction of 31.7%.

The nonwoven fabric comprising a sheet having a basis weight of 100 g / m ^{2 had} a starting width of 212 cm. After treatment in high-temperature jigger this had a width of 168 cm. To subsequent drying and thermofixing in a tenter it had a width of 170 cm. This corresponds to a width reduction of 19.8%.

The calendered nonwoven comprising a layer having a basis weight of 100 g / m ^{2 had} a starting width of 211 cm. After the treatment according to the process steps of Example 3, it had a width of 178 cm. After drying and thermofixing in the tenter this had a width of 188 cm, which corresponds to a width reduction of 7.5%.

In the experiments carried out here it was found that a significantly smaller width reduction can be observed if the samples are not previously subjected to strand washing.

In the following Table 1, two nonwovens comprising layers with 100 g / m ² or 130 g / m ² basis weight are compared by way of example. These nonwoven fabrics were subjected to forces of 30 N and 60 N in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, and their elongation was measured.

In this case, EVO 100 corresponds to a nonwoven fabric with a layer which has a basis weight of 100 g / m ² .

EVO 100 SO corresponds to the nonwoven fabric EVO 100, which has been pretreated with a strand wash. In a strand wash, a web in the strand is passed through a nozzle at a temperature between 60 ° C and 90 ° C with possibly a wetting agent is added. As a result, the web is mechanically loosened in the filament composite.

EVO 100 SO HTJ represents a strand washed sample that has been traversed in a high temperature jig with different tensile loads, speeds and temperatures.

The designations EVO 130, EVO 130 SO and EVO 130 SO HTJ denote analog nonwovens, but these have a layer with a basis weight of 130 g / m ² .

Table 1 shows the percent elongation values which were measured by means of an elasticity test in accordance with DIN 14704-1. The right-hand portion of Table 1 shows the percent return percentages after 5 cycles of elongation. Return is the ability of a non-woven fabric to return to its original width after it has been stretched. Table 1 Mean values of elongation in% Mean values of the return in% after 5 expansion cycles (see above) Along crosswise Along crosswise 30N 60N 30N 60N 30N 60N 30N 60N EVO 100 1.11 1.80 2:57 5.0% 99.8 89.63 99.49 88.01 EVO 100S0 2:04 4.26 9.6 14.1 73.04 67.84 49.79 40.43 EVO 10050 HTJ 0.71 1.31 40.83 48.93 92.96 89.31 30.05 22.85 EVO 130 1.28 2.14 2:51 4.82 99.73 89.62 99.45 87.06 EVO 130S0 2:44 4.84 4.68 7.24 68.44 59.09 57.91 54.83 EVO 130S0 HTJ 0.8 1:35 31.45 37.67 86.25 88.15 34.63 26.78

It can be clearly seen that the untreated nonwovens EVO 100 and EVO 130 have a return behavior of significantly more than 80%, with the nonwovens treated in the high-temperature jigger (HTJ) having a maximum value of 35%.

The return behavior can be improved by further treatment methods. These include heat setting, polyurethane coagulation, softener sizing and sizing. Depending on the methods used, the extensibility may be slightly reduced. This is due to the fact that the friction of the filaments is increased against each other.

In a heat setting, a nonwoven fabric is subjected to a thermal treatment at 175 ° C to 210 ° C while the nonwoven fabric is placed on a tenter for 10 to 120 seconds. In this case, a drying after passing through the Hochtemperaturjiggers and heat setting at the same time in one step is possible. In the examples in Table 2, heat setting was performed at 195 ° C for 30 seconds following the high temperature jig treatment.

Polyurethane coagulation is understood as meaning the introduction of polyurethane into the planar position of the nonwoven fabric. It is conceivable to provide a layer with a solids content of 5 to 35%. The examples in Table 2 were provided at about 20% solids. This process step can be carried out before or after the treatment in Hochtemperaturjigger, wherein the examples described in Table 2 were provided after treatment in Hochtemperaturjigger with solid.

The nonwovens may additionally be subjected to a softener finish (WM). In this case, 10 to 80 g / l plasticizer can be used in a bath through which the nonwoven fabric is passed. The examples in Table 2 used 60 g / l of Finistrol KSE (trade name). This is a self-crosslinking, modified polysiloxane. This plasticizer was added to a bath downstream of the high temperature jigger. In principle, a plasticizer may be added to the bath of the high-temperature jigger or a bath connected downstream of it.

Sengen is understood to mean the flaming off of the fiber ends protruding from a textile fabric through an open gas flame. In the case of the nonwovens described here, the material becomes due to this process slightly fused to the surface, so that the crossing points of the filaments connect with each other. This results in a higher stability and a better return behavior back to the starting position. This process step is preferably carried out after the treatment in Hochtemperaturigigger. Table 2 elasticity tests Mean values of elongation in% Mean values of the return in% after 5 stretching cycles QR (transverse direction) QR (transverse direction) 30 N 60 N 30 N 60 N EVO 100 2.57 5.0 99.49 88.01 EVO 100 S0 9.6 14.1 49.79 40.43 EVO 100 S0 HTJ 40,83 48.93 30,05 22.85 EVO 100 S0 HTJ heat-set 38.86 49.6 43.76 34.31 EVO 100 S0 HTJ thermofixed + WM 39.45 46.46 44.11 30.43 EVO 100 S0 HTJ-coagulated 39.97 50.54 34.63 24,02 EVO 100 S0 MTJ-coagulated + WM 33,68 37.02 50.27 39.41 EVO 130 2.51 4.82 99.45 87.06 EVO 130 S0 4.68 7.24 57.91 54.83 EVO 130 S0 HTJ 31.45 37.67 34.63 26.78 EVO 130 S0 HTJ heat-set 34.76 41,65 46.74 34.13 EVO 130 S0 HTJ thermofixed + WM 35.62 40.17 52.27 41.47 EVO 130 S0 HTJ-coagulated 28.61 35.59 42.78 31.78 EVO 130 S0 HTJ-coagulated + WM 23.64 26 61.68 49.42 EVO 130 S0 HTJ-singed. 28.81 32.7 35.96 28.75

In the wet process described here, several steps can be carried out in parallel. For example, it is conceivable to dye the nonwovens simultaneously and to hydrophilize them. The wet processes described here have the advantage that the width-reduced nonwoven fabrics are virtually wrinkle-free and wave-free, namely that they do not exhibit the so-called "tie-dye effect". The "tie effect" refers to the formation of longitudinal waves in the nonwoven webs using dry width reduction techniques.

The abbreviation EVO stands for nonwovens of the type "Evolon". All nonwovens mentioned in the examples have microfilaments which have a fineness of 0.1 to 0.15 dtex and are formed by splitting bicomponent filaments. The bicomponent filaments had a pie structure and contained 30% polyamide and 70% polyester.

With regard to further advantageous embodiments and developments of the teaching of the invention reference is made on the one hand to the general part of the description and on the other hand to the appended claims.

Finally, it should be particularly emphasized that the previously purely arbitrarily chosen embodiments are only for the purpose of discussion of the teaching of the invention, but do not limit these to these embodiments.

Claims (20)

1. Process for producing a nonwoven comprising a sheetlike layer of thermoplastic filaments which is elastic and is enlargeable in at least one direction by at least 30% of its initial extent, comprising the steps of

   a) providing a water-filled receptacle,

   b) heating the water to different temperatures,

   c) loading the receptacle with a web of nonwoven raw material,

   d) moving the web through the water at different speeds,

   e) changing the temperatures of the water and/or the speeds,

   f) tensilizing the web in at least one direction,

   characterized in that reducing the speeds to zero and/or reversing the direction of movement of the web reduces its width.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the water is heated to 50°C.
3. Process according to either Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water is admixed with wetting, deaerating and/or softening agents.
4. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water is heated to 70°C and the web first moves at 100 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
5. Process according to Claim 4, characterized in that the water is heated to 90°C and the web first moves at 100 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that the water is heated to 110°C and the web first moves at 100 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
7. Process according to Claim 6, characterized in that the water is heated to 130°C and the web first moves at 20 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
8. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water is heated to 60°C and the web first moves at 20 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN.
9. Process according to Claim 8, characterized in that the water is heated to 90°C and the web first moves at 40 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN.
10. Process according to Claim 9, characterized in that the water is heated to 110°C and the web first moves at 40 m/min in one direction and then
    in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN.
11. Process according to Claim 10, characterized in that the water is heated to 130°C and the web first moves at 40 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN.
12. Process according to Claim 11, characterized in that the water is heated to 130°C and the web first moves at 80 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN and is dyed in the process.
13. Process according to Claim 12, characterized in that the water is heated to 130°C and the web first moves at 20 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN.
14. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water is heated to 90°C and the web first moves at 50 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
15. Process according to Claim 14, characterized in that the water is heated to 110°C and the web first moves at 50 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
16. Process according to Claim 15, characterized in that the water is heated to 130°C and the web first moves at 20 m/min in one direction and then in an opposite direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
17. Process according to Claim 7, 13 or 16, characterized in that the water is cooled down to 110°C and the web moves at 50 m/min in at least one direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
18. Process according to Claim 17, characterized in that the water is cooled down to 90°C and the web moves at 50 m/min in at least one direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
19. Process according to Claim 18, characterized in that the water is cooled down to 70°C and the web moves at 50 m/min in at least one direction under a tensile load of 100 daN.
20. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the web is stenter dried at 140 °C while a longitudinal tension is maintained and wound up.

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