ES2400227T3 - Elastic nonwoven fabric and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the manufacture of a non-woven fabric, comprising a surface layer of thermoplastic filaments, in which the layer is elastically configured and can be expanded in at least one direction in at least 30% of its initial expansion, which comprises the steps a ) preparation of a container full of water, b) heating of water at different temperatures, c) loading the container with a strip of raw material of nonwoven fabric, d) movement of the strip through the water at different speeds, e) modification of water temperatures and / or speeds, f) tensile load of the strip in at least one direction, in which through reduction of the speeds to zero and / or an inversion of the direction of advance of the strip, its width is reduced.

Description

Elastic nonwoven fabric and manufacturing process

Technical field

The invention relates to an elastic nonwoven fabric.

State of the art

EP 1 118 305 A2 cleaning cloths, which are configured as nonwoven microfilament fabrics, are known from EP. US 6 767 498 B1 publishes nonwoven fabrics with multi-component filaments of elastomeric and non-elastomeric materials. US 2006/0057432 describes a process for the manufacture of synthetic leathers, in which polymer fibers are used for the manufacture of a nonwoven fabric. The non-woven fabric is placed in hot water, so that the fibers curl and the non-woven fabric becomes elastic. Alternatively, the nonwoven fabric may contain removable fibers, which can be removed, which causes the nonwoven fabric to become elastic. JP 06330449 describes an elastic non-woven fabric, which is subjected several times to hot water retraction processes. From JP 09059862 a process is known for the manufacture of a nonwoven fabric, in which the specific nonwoven fabric is stretched in hot water.

Nonwoven fabrics find application in many fields. They are used in medical products, in body hygiene products, in dress presses for sports and leisure, in the footwear industry as well as for bedding and sheets.

Different processes are currently used to manufacture flat textile products. It is known to process elastane filaments in the surface compound. For the rest, it is known to use synthetic filaments, in particular textured synthetic filaments.

The known processes for the manufacture of an elastic surface product are either very expensive or very expensive by virtue of the special filaments used.

Representation of the invention

Therefore, the invention has the task of indicating a process, with which sufficiently elastic textile surface products can be economically manufactured.

The present invention solves the aforementioned task by means of a process for the manufacture of a non-woven fabric, comprising a surface layer of thermoplastic filaments, in which the layer is elastically configured and can be extended in at least one direction in the minus 30% of its initial dilation, which includes the stages

a) preparation of a container full of water,

b) water heating at different temperatures,

c) loading the container with a strip of nonwoven raw material,

d) movement of the strip through the water at different speeds,

e) modification of water temperatures and / or speeds,

f) tensile load of the strip in at least one direction,

in which, by reducing the speeds to zero and / or an inversion of the direction of advance of the strip, its width is reduced.

With respect to the non-woven fabric that can be manufactured with the process according to the invention it has been recognized that a layer of a non-woven fabric, whose width can be expanded by at least 30% of its initial value, provides sufficient elasticity for a plurality of applications. Moreover, it has been recognized that the manufacture of a non-woven fabric of thermoplastic filaments makes it possible to dispense with the addition of relatively expensive filaments such as elastane filaments.

The non-woven fabric can be constituted unitary, namely, exclusively of thermoplastic filaments, which can be oriented under a special treatment such that the layer can be increased in at least one direction in at least 30% of Its initial dilation. A non-woven fabric of this type formed unitary can be evacuated without problems, since it is constituted by unitary materials. The storage costs are minimized by virtue of the unit of the filaments used, so that the manufacturing of the

Non-woven fabric can be made economically.

The procedure comprises the following stages:

a) preparation of a container full of water,

b) water heating at different temperatures,

c) loading the container with a strip of nonwoven raw material,

d) movement of the strip through the water at different speeds,

e) modification of water temperatures and / or speeds,

f) tensile load of the strip in at least one direction,

g) by reducing the speeds to zero and / or reversing the direction of advance of the strip, its width is reduced.

In accordance with the invention, it has been recognized that with such a procedure, namely a wet process, a non-woven fabric can be configured, which comprises a surface layer of thermoplastic filaments so elastically that the layer can be reversibly extended in the less one direction in at least 30% of its initial dilation. Moreover, it has been recognized that this procedure generates a semi-finished product with a surface layer, which is configured without folds or without waves. More specifically, it has been recognized that through this procedure e can overcome wrinkle and crease formation known from the state of the art in dry procedures. In addition, this procedure is economical, since it can be carried out in existing facilities such as a high temperature cuvette for textile coloring.

Therefore, the task mentioned at the beginning is solved.

The layer could have a specific weight of 40 to 150 g / m2. A non-woven fabric with this specific weight is especially suitable for use as textile surface products, since despite its reduced specific weight, it has surprisingly sufficient stability.

Given this background, the layer has been able to show a maximum tensile force of 200 to 500 N / 5cm. This tensile strength makes the nonwoven fabric suitable for use as a base material for clothing.

The surface layer could have microfilaments with a fineness of 0.1 to 0.15 dtex. The microfilaments of this fineness allow the manufacture of a non-woven fabric with very fine pores, so that it is very active in aspiration and, therefore, can be used as a functional blunt. Given this background it is conceivable that microfilaments are obtained through filament division, which have a fineness of 2 to 2.4 dtex before the division. Preferably, bicomponent filaments with a Foot structure can be used here, comprising up to 30% polyamide and 70% polyester. Bicomponent filaments of this type can be divided in a particularly simple way through high pressure water jet, whereby thinner filaments are obtained.

The surface layer could be configured without folds or without waves. This configuration makes the subsequent processing of the elastic non-woven fabric, which is first present as a semi-finished product, especially simple. Methods that lend elasticity to a nonwoven fabric are already known from the prior art. However, these procedures are called dry procedures. Dry processes have the disadvantage that semi-finished products manufactured through these procedures have creases or wrinkles. The configuration of these folds and wrinkles is called the "tie effect."

Through the tensile load of the strip its width could be reduced in the longitudinal direction. Through this specific stage of the procedure, the strip is given an elasticity orthogonally to the longitudinal direction. This is related to the fact that the filaments are advantageously aligned within the strip through the tensile load.

By reducing the speeds to zero and / or through an inversion of the direction of advance of the strip its width is reduced. Through the realization of this stage of the procedure, an elasticity orthogonally to the direction of the tensile load is lent more surprisingly to the strip.

The water could be heated to 50 ° C. This specific stage of the procedure causes the humidification and the impregnation of the strip with liquid to be improved.

Crosslinking agents, ventilation agents and / or plasticizing agents could be added to the water. This concrete stage

of the process supports the process of reducing the width of the strip, it allows, in effect, an improved sliding of the filaments to each other, since friction between them is reduced.

The procedure could be carried out in such a way that the temperature is heated to a certain value and the strip moves with a first speed with a first tensile load first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. In this case, the procedure in a first direction and then in an opposite direction means the unwinding of the strip from a roller and the winding in a second roller and the unwinding of the strip from a second roller and the winding in a first roller. Through this particular stage of the procedure the width of the strip is reduced to an insignificant extent.

At this stage of the procedure the heating of the water at a second temperature could be connected, the strip being moved, if necessary, at the same speed and at the same tensile load or with a modified tensile load and / or with a modified speed first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. The width of the strip is further reduced through one or more of these process steps.

The water could finally be heated to a final temperature and the strip could move at a speed that is clearly below the speed of the first stages of the process. In this regard, it is conceivable that the tensile load maintains the same value, which it had maintained in the preceding stages of the process. Through a clear reduction in the speed of the strip and the clear rise in water temperature, a clear reduction in width is surprisingly achieved. In particular, the water could be heated to 130 ° C and the strip could move at 20 m / min with a tensile load of 100 daN (daN = Deka Newton) first in one direction and then in an opposite direction.

At the end of the preceding steps of the process, namely, when the maximum water temperature has been reached, it could be cooled step by step, the speed of the strip being reduced in the same way step by step maintaining or equal or varying the tensile load Through cooling, the orientation of the filaments inside the strip is stabilized and the semi-finished product is finished.

In addition, it is conceivable that the process steps described above of the water heating are combined with an increase in the speed of the strip. Very specifically, it is conceivable that the water is encouraged from 60º to 90º and from 110º to 130ºC, the speed being raised from 20 m / min to 40 m / min and finally to 80 m / min. Also through this procedure a reduction in width is achieved.

After reaching the maximum temperature of 130 ° C, the strip can be moved at 80 m / min with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN and in this case be dyed. Through this specific stage of the procedure an elastification is carried out together with a dyeing stage.

During, before or after the dye, the water could be heated to 130 ° C and the strip could be moved at 20 m / min with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN. Through this specific stage of the procedure, the surprising effect of a very strong reduction in width is finally achieved.

The strip could be dried in a tensioning frame at 140 ° C maintaining a longitudinal tension and could be rolled up. This specific stage of the process allows the manufacture of a semi-finished product with especially high elasticity and smooth surface.

There are now different possibilities to configure and develop the teachings of the present invention in an advantageous manner. To this end, on the one hand, the dependent claims can be referred to, on the other hand, to the following explanation of preferred embodiments of the invention with the help of the drawing.

In combination with the explanation of the preferred embodiments with the help of the drawing, configurations and developments of generally preferred teachings are also explained.

Brief description of the drawing

In the drawing, the single figure shows in a schematic view a high temperature cuvette.

Embodiment of the invention

Figure 1 shows in a schematic view the principle structure of the high temperature cuvette, which has been used for the realization of the examples described below.

A container 1 contains a volume of water 2, through which a strip 3 can be moved. The strip 3 is wound on a first roller 4 and is driven on other rollers 5, 6 and 7 through the volume of water 2.

The strip 3 is wound on a second roller 8. When the strip 3 is fully unwound from the first roller 4 and is fully wound on the second roller 8, the speed of movement of the strip 3 is reduced

zero and management investment is made.

The strip 3 is unwound, in effect, then again from the second roller 8, is displaced through the volume of water 2 and is rolled back into the first roller 4.

The unwinding and winding and the displacement of the strip of raw material of nonwoven fabric, as described in the introduction of the description, can be carried out at different speeds, temperatures and tensile loads.

Specific examples of performing the procedure are described below:

A complete unwinding and winding process means the unwinding of a strip from a first roller and the winding in a second roller and the unwinding from the second roller and winding in the first roller.

Example 1:

A non-woven fabric with a specific weight of 100 g / m2, which has been pretreated through a continuous wash and, therefore, has been mechanically hollowed in the filament assembly, was subjected to the following procedure:

The high temperature cuvette was filled with water and loaded with the nonwoven fabric mentioned. Said non-woven fabric is rolled as a strip on a roller. The water was then heated to 50 ° C.

A crosslinking agent was added to the water, namely Lavotan DSU of CHT in a concentration of 2 g / l, as well as a plasticizer, namely Tanede PRT of Bayer in a concentration of 2 g / l.

The water was then heated to 70 ° C and the strip was unwound at a speed of 100 m / min with a tensile load of 100 daN from a first roller, rolled up on a second roller, unwound from the second roller and rolled up again on the first roller.

The water was then heated to 90 ° C and the process of denting and unwinding was repeated at the mentioned speed and tensile load.

The water bath was then heated to 110 ° C and the entire winding and unwinding process was repeated at the values of the mentioned speed and tensile load.

Finally, the water was heated to 130 ° C and the whole winding and unwinding process was carried out with a tensile load of 100 daN and a speed of 20 m / min.

During the reduction of the winding speed up to 0 m / min, namely, before the inversion to the other direction of travel, a considerable reduction in width takes place surprisingly, from which an influence can be deduced depending on the speed. The slower the speed is selected, with which the strip moves at a suitable temperature and tensile load, the greater the reduction in the width of the strip. The width of the strips, which have undergone a reduction in width, has a high transverse elasticity.

Due to the high temperature of 130 ° C, a hydraulic fixation takes place, namely a reorientation of the filaments within the strip in the longitudinal direction.

At a subsequent stage of the process, the water was cooled to 110 ° C and with a tensile load of 100 daN with a speed of 50 m / min it was unrolled from a first roller and rolled into a second roller.

Following this stage of the process, the water was cooled to 90 ° C and the strip was unwound with a tensile load of 100 daN and a speed of 50 m / min from the second roller and rolled into the first roller.

The water was then cooled to 70 ° C and the strip was unwound with a tensile load of 100 daN and a speed of 50 m / min. from the first roller and rolled into the second roller.

Example 2:

A non-woven fabric, comprising a layer with a specific weight of 130 g / m2, was subjected after a previous treatment through a continuous washing to the following steps of the procedure:

The high temperature cuvette was heated to the same temperatures as described in example 1, but after the first complete unrolling and winding process the speed was reduced from 100 m / min to 50 m / min. In this regard, after heating the water to 90 ° C, the strip was moved with a tensile load of 100 daN at 50 m / min. in a complete unwinding and winding process.

After heating the water to 110 ° C, the strip was also subjected to a complete unwinding and winding process, the strip being displaced with a tensile load of 100 daN at 50 m / min.

After heating the water to 130 °, the speed was reduced to 20 m / min, subjecting the strip to a tensile load of 100 daN.

The steps of the procedure of Example 1 were modified to ensure an even greater reduction in width and improved conduction of the strip.

Following these steps of the process, the strip was dried in a tensioning frame at 140 ° C maintaining a corresponding longitudinal tension and rolled up.

The strip used in example 1 had a starting width of 195.5 cm. After the wet treatment through the process steps described in example 1, the strip had a width of 135 cm. After the next drying in the tensioning frame, the strip had a width of 140 cm, which corresponds to a reduction of the width of 28.39%.

The strip treated in Example 2 had an initial width of 195.5 cm. After a hot treatment through the process steps described in example 2, the strip was 150 cm wide. After the next drying in the tensioning frame, the strip has a width of 150 cm, which corresponds to a reduction of the width of 23.27%.

Example 3:

Three types of nonwoven fabric were used, namely a nonwoven fabric, comprising a layer with a specific weight of 60 g / m2, a nonwoven fabric comprising a layer with a specific weight of 100 g / m2, and a non-woven fabric pretreated through calendering, comprising a layer with 100 g / m2. Calendering means in the case described here the application of a reticule on a layer of the nonwoven fabric.

The non-woven fabric with a specific weight of 60 g / m2 was subjected to a tensile load of 60 daN, the non-woven fabrics of 100 g / m2 were subjected to a tensile load of 100 daN.

The water was first heated to 50 ° C and plasticizer and crosslinking agent was added according to Example 1. Each sample was unwound once from a first roller and rolled into a second roller.

The water was then heated to 60 ° C and each of the strips was subjected to a complete unwinding and winding process, the strips being displaced at a speed of 20 m / min.

The water was then heated to 90 ° C and the strips were subjected to a complete unwinding and winding process, the strips being displaced at a speed of 40 m / min.

The water was then heated to 110 ° C. The strips were subjected to a complete winding and winding process at a speed of 40 m / min.

The water was then heated to 130 ° C and the strips were subjected to a complete winding and winding process at 40 m / min.

The water was then maintained at 130 ° C and the strips were subjected to a complete unrolling and winding process at a speed of 80 m / min. At this stage of the procedure the strips were dyed at the same time.

The strips were then moved at 20 m / min in the hot water bath at 130 ° C. Finally, the container was cooled in several stages according to example 1.

The non-woven fabric, comprising a layer with 60 g / m2 of specific weight, had a starting width of 205 cm. After treatment in the high temperature cuvette, it had a width of 136 cm. After the following drying and thermofixation in the tensioning frame it showed a width of 140 cm and, therefore, a reduction of the width of 31.7%.

The non-woven fabric, comprising a layer with a specific weight of 100 g / m2, had a starting width of 212 cm. After treatment in the high temperature cuvette, it was 168 cm wide. After the following drying and thermofixation in a tensioning frame, it had a width of 170 cm. This corresponds to a reduction in width of 19.8%.

The calendered nonwoven fabric, comprising a layer with a specific weight of 100 g / m2, had a starting width of 211 cm. After the treatment according to the steps of the procedure of Example 3, it had a width of 178 cm. After drying and thermofixation in the tensioning frame, it had a width of 188 cm, which corresponds to a reduction in width of 7.5%.

In the tests carried out here it has been found that a clearly reduced reduction in width can be observed, when the samples are not previously subjected to any continuous washing.

In Table 1 below, two nonwoven fabrics, comprising layers with 100 g / m2, are confronted by way of example

or 130 g / m2 of specific weight. These nonwoven fabrics were driven in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction with force of 30 N and 60 N and their expansion was measured.

In this case, EVO 100 corresponds to a non-woven fabric with a layer, which has a specific weight of 100 g / m2.

EVO 100 SO corresponds to the EVO 100 nonwoven fabric, which has been pretreated with continuous washing. In a continuous wash, a strip is conducted continuously through a nozzle at a temperature between 60 ° C and 90 ° C, and a crosslinking agent is eventually added. In this way the strip is mechanically hollowed into the filament assembly.

EVO 100 SO HTJ represents a continuous washed sample, which has been displaced in a high temperature cuvette with different tensile loads, speeds and temperatures.

The designations EVO 130, EVO 130 SO and EVO 130 SO HTJ designate similar nonwoven fabrics, but have a layer with a specific weight of 130 g / m2.

Table 1 shows the percentage expansion values, which have been measured with an elasticity test according to DIN 14704-1. The right part of Table 1 shows the average recoil values in percentage after 5 dilation cycles. Receding means the ability of a non-woven fabric to move back to its starting width, after it has been dilated.

Table 1

Average values of the expansion in%

Average values of recoil in% after 5 dilation cycles (see above)

Longitudinal

Cross  Longitudinal Cross

30N

60N  30N 60N  30N 60N  30N 60N

EVO 100

1.11 1.80 2.57 5.0% 99.8 89.63 99.49 88.01

EVO 100 SO

2.04 4.26 9.6 14.1 73.04 67.84 49.79 40.43

EVO 10050 HTJ

0.71 1.31 40.83 48.93 92.96 89.31 30.05 22.85

EVO 130

1.28 2.14 2.51 4.82 99.73 89.62 99.45 87.06

EVO 130 SO

2.44 4.84 4.68 7.24 68.44 59.09 57.91 54.83

EVO 130 SO HTJ

0.8 1.35 31.45 37.67 86.25 88.15 34.63 26.78

It can be clearly recognized that EVO 100 and EVO 130 untreated non-woven fabrics have a recoil behavior clearly above 80%, with non-woven fabrics treated in the high temperature cuvette (HTJ) having values of maximum 35%.

The recoil behavior can be improved through other treatment procedures. These include thermosetting, polyurethane coagulation, plasticizer sizing and scorching. Depending on the procedures applied, the expansion capacity can be slightly reduced. This is related to raising the friction of the filaments with each other.

In the case of a thermofixation, a nonwoven fabric is subjected to a heat treatment at 175 ° C to 210 ° C, while the nonwoven fabric is disposed for 10 to 120 seconds on a tensioning frame. In this case, it is possible to dry after passing through the high temperature cuvette and heat setting at the same time in one stage of the process. In the examples in Table 2 a thermosetting has been carried out at 195 ° C for 30 seconds following the treatment in the high temperature cuvette.

Polyurethane coagulation means the introduction of polyurethane into the surface layer of the nonwoven fabric. It is conceivable to provide a layer with a solid substance content of 5 to 35%. The examples in Table 2 were provided with a solid substance content of approximately 20%. This step of the process can be performed before or after the treatment in the high temperature cuvette, the examples described in Table 2 being provided after the treatment in the high temperature cuvette with solid substance.

Nonwoven fabrics can be additionally subjected to a plasticizer sizing (WM). In this case, you can

5 introduce 10 to 80 g / l of plasticizer in a bath, through which the nonwoven fabric is conducted. In the examples in Table 2, 60 g / l of Finistrol KSE (trade name) were used. In this case it is a modified, self-crosslinking polysiloxane. This plasticizer was added to a bath, which was connected next to the high temperature cuvette. In principle, a plasticizer can be added to the bath of the high temperature cuvette or to a bath connected after it.

10 Singed means flaming of the ends of the fibers that protrude into a textile surface structure by means of an open gas flame. In the nonwoven fabrics described herein, the material on the surface is melted slightly through this process, so that the crossing points of the filaments are joined together. This results in high stability and improved recoil behavior back to the starting layer.

15 This stage of the procedure is preferably performed after treatment in the high temperature cuvette.

Table 2

Elasticity Checks

Average values of the expansion in%

Average values of recoil in% after 5 dilation cycles

QR (cross direction)

QR (cross direction)

30 N

60 N  30 N 60 N

EVO 100

2.57 5.0 99.49 88.01

EVO 100 SO

9.6 14.1 49.79 40.43

EVO 100 SO HTJ

40.83 48.93 30.05 22.85

EVO 100 SO HTJtermofixed

38.86 49.6 43.76 34.31

EVO 100 SO HTJtermofixed + WM

39.45 46.46 44.11 30.43

EVO 100 SO HT Coagulated

39.97 50.54 34.63 24.02

EVO 100 SO MTJcoagulated + WM

33.68 37.02 50.27 39.41

EVO 130

2.51 4.82 99.45 87.06

EVO 130 SO

4.68 7.24 57.91 54.83

EVO 130 SO HTJ

31.45 37.67 34.63 26.78

EVO 130 SO HTJtermofixed

34.76 41.65 46.74 34.13

EVO 130 SO HTJtermofixed + WM

35.62 40.17 52.27 41.47

EVO 130 SO HT Coagulated

28.61 35.59 42.78 31.78

EVO 130 SO coagulated + WM

HTJ 23.64 26 61.68 49.42

Scorched EVO 130 SO

HTJ 28.81 32.7 35.96 28.75

In the wet processes described herein, several stages can be performed in parallel. For example, it is conceivable to dye and hydrophilize nonwoven fabrics at the same time. The wet processes described here show the advantage that the nonwoven fabrics reduced in width are almost without folds and are waves, namely,

5 do not present the so-called "tie effect". The "tie effect" designates the configuration of longitudinal waves in the strips of nonwoven fabric when dry procedures for width reduction are applied.

The abbreviation EVO represents strips of the "Evolon" type. All nonwoven fabrics mentioned in the examples have microfilaments, which show a fineness of 0.1 to 0.15 dtex and which have been obtained by dividing 10 bicomponent filaments. The two-component filaments had a Pie structure and contained 30% polyamide and 70% polyester.

With respect to other configurations and advantageous developments of the teachings according to the invention, reference is made, on the one hand, to the general part of the description and, on the other hand, to the attached patent claims.

Finally, it should be especially emphasized that the embodiments selected above in a purely arbitrary manner only serve the application of the teachings according to the invention, but are not limited to these embodiments.

Claims (18)

1.-Procedure for the manufacture of a non-woven fabric, comprising a surface layer of thermoplastic filaments, in which the layer is elastically configured and can be expanded in at least one direction in at least 30% of its initial expansion, who understands the stages a) preparation of a container full of water, b) water heating at different temperatures, c) loading the container with a strip of nonwoven raw material, d) movement of the strip through the water at different speeds, e) modification of water temperatures and / or speeds, f) tensile load of the strip in at least one direction, in which, by reducing the speeds to zero and / or an inversion of the direction of advance of the strip, its width is reduced. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is heated to 50 ° C. 3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that crosslinking agents, ventilation agents and / or plasticizing agents are added to the water. 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water is heated 70 ° C and the strip is displaced at 100 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in one direction opposite. 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the water is heated 90 ° C and the strip is displaced at 100 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the water is heated 110 ° C and the strip is displaced at 100 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the water is heated 130 ° C and the strip is displaced at 20 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water is heated 60 ° C and the strip is displaced at 20 m / min, with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN first in one direction and then in An opposite direction. 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the water is heated 90 ° C and the strip is displaced at 40 m / min, with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the water is heated 110 ° C and the strip is displaced at 40 m / min, with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the water is heated 130 ° C and the strip is displaced at 40 m / min, with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the water is heated 130 ° C and the strip is displaced at 80 m / min, with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction and in this case it is dyed .. 13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the water is heated 130 ° C and the strip is displaced at 20 m / min, with a tensile load of 60 or 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 14. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water is heated 90 ° C and the strip is displaced at 50 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in one direction. opposite. 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the water is heated 110 ° C and the strip is displaced at 50 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the water is heated 130 ° C and the strip is displaced at 20 m / min, with a tensile load of 100 daN first in one direction and then in an opposite direction. 17. Method according to claim 7, 13 or 16, characterized in that the water is cooled to 110 ° C and the strip is moved at 50 m / min with a tensile load of 100 daN at least in one direction. 18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the water is cooled to 90 ° C and the strip is moved at 50 m / min with a tensile load of 100 daN at least in one direction. 19. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the water is cooled to 70 ° C and the strip is moved at 50 m / min with a tensile load of 100 daN at least in one direction. 20. Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the strip is dried in a tensioning frame at 140 ° C maintaining a longitudinal tension and is wound.