WO2007101577A2

WO2007101577A2 - Yarn embedded in a plastic matrix, and fabric embedded in a plastic matrix

Info

Publication number: WO2007101577A2
Application number: PCT/EP2007/001649
Authority: WO
Inventors: Fred Tijink; Holger Kutz; Maarten Oosterbroek; Reinhold Kossendey; Peter Heuzeveldt
Original assignee: Diolen Industrial Fibers B.V.
Priority date: 2006-03-06
Filing date: 2007-02-27
Publication date: 2007-09-13
Also published as: DE112007000517A5; WO2007101577A3

Abstract

Disclosed is a yarn prepreg comprising a yarn that is embedded in a plastic matrix, the individual filaments of the yarn being fully surrounded by the plastic matrix. The inventive yarn prepreg is characterized in that the crystallinity of the yarn ranges from 5 to 50 percent, the average degree of polymerization D<SUB>p</SUB> of the plastic material in the plastic matrix is no more than 7000, and shrinkage of the yarn prepreg, which is determined by means of hot air shrinkage according to the International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers (BISFA), 1995 edition, is less than 12 percent.

Description

Yarn embedded in a plastic matrix and textile fabric embedded in a plastic matrix

Description:

The present invention relates to yarns embedded in a plastic matrix, a process for the production of yarns embedded in a plastic matrix, as well as textile fabrics embedded in a plastic matrix.

Such yarns or textile fabrics embedded in a plastic matrix are described in various ways in the prior art.

DE 198 53 866 proposes to coat fibers, threads or wires with plastic emulsions. For this purpose, the fibers are passed through an aqueous emulsion of the plastic to be applied. The amount of plastic absorbed is determined by the emulsion strength and the speed at which the thread passes through the emulsion. To apply the plastic several passes are necessary because a single pass does not bring enough plastic on the fiber. In addition, the emulsion-filled fiber must be freed of any liquid before further application can be performed. The finished coated fiber can be further processed into a fabric in a weaving process and further processed by subsequent densification to form a watertight fabric film. In accordance with WO 2005/093142, textile fabrics embedded in a plastic matrix can also be obtained by contacting a textile fabric with a plastic matrix in the form of a dispersion or a melt. The contacting can be carried out, for example, by passing the textile fabric through the plastic matrix, which is in the form of a dispersion or melt, and subsequently, if appropriate, excess dispersion or melt is stripped off again from the textile fabric.

Frequently, the textile fabrics are not embedded in a plastic matrix, but coated or coated with plastic. The coating or coating of fabrics, such as fabrics, knits or nonwovens is also known. In general, this type of coating is understood to mean the application of a film-like coating of natural or synthetic materials, as a coating material, to the fabric or the carrier web. The purpose of the coating or embedding is to make the fabrics suitable for special requirements or to give them new properties, e.g. for artificial leather, coverings, tarpaulins etc ..

By combining suitable sheetings and coatings finished products can be obtained with completely new properties, the sheet being primarily responsible for the mechanical strength of the final product, while the applied coating the behavior of the material in use against external influences such Breathability, kink and scratch resistance, light radiation, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, water, heat, as well as the appearance, such as printing, coloring, graining, and the particular usability determined.

As a rule, a coating for textile fabrics is coated on the carrier web as a uniformly thick layer by means of so-called doctor blades. The thickness of the coating depends on the intended use and can be both fractions of a millimeter and be several millimeters. This type of application is known per se to those skilled in the art and need not be further elaborated here. The coating with plastic often leads to low application thicknesses that the plastic coating does not form a closed surface, which is particularly intolerable for coverings and tarpaulins. For such applications, therefore, relatively large amounts of coating, about 6 times the weight of the carrier web, must be applied to obtain a closed and smooth surface.

The disclosure of JP 4-370278 discloses a yarn coated with a thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and a fabric made from the yarn coated with polyvinyl chloride. The yarn coated with polyvinyl chloride is characterized in that also the space between the filaments of the yarn is filled with plastic. The coating amount is 120% of the yarn weight. The coated yarn can be further processed into a fabric in a weaving process. In a heat treatment step, the coating is melted and the gaps between the warp and weft yarns are closed, creating a closed surface. During the heat treatment, the yarns of the fabric are stretched by a tenter. It can be seen from the further disclosure that a yarn with a denier of 1000 denier can be used for the coating. This yarn is woven after the coating to a fabric having a warp / weft density of 29/19 threads per inch and heat-treated under tension at 190 ⁰ C, whereby a fabric embedded in a plastic matrix, is formed. From the data mentioned above, it follows that the resulting tissue embedded in a plastic matrix would have to have a weight per unit area of 462 g / m ² . In fact, however, the resulting fabric embedded in a plastic matrix has a basis weight of 744 g / m ² , which results in a shrinkage for the coated yarn during the heat treatment of 21%. The object of the present invention is to provide a yarn or a textile fabric embedded in a plastic matrix and a method for producing a yarn embedded in a plastic matrix which at least reduces the described problems.

This object is achieved by a yarn Pre-Preg comprising a yarn embedded in a plastic matrix, wherein the individual filaments of the yarn are completely enveloped by the plastic matrix, characterized in that the crystallinity of the yarn is between 5% and 50%, that the average degree of polymerization Dp of the plastic in the plastic matrix is less than or equal to 7000 and that the shrinkage of the yarn pre-preg determined by Hot Air Shrinkage according to BISFA (International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers), Edition 1995, is less than 12%. In the context of this invention, the term "yarn" is understood to mean the otherwise commonly used term for "practically endless thread-like structure of finite fibers or of one or more practically endless filaments". Under a Pre-Preg is generally understood a semi-finished product consisting of continuous fibers and a plastic matrix. For the purposes of the present invention, a yarn Pre-Preg is to be understood as meaning a yarn embedded in a plastic matrix.

The determination of the crystallinity is known per se to the person skilled in the art and is usually carried out by means of X-ray fraction. For polyethlene terephthalate yarns, the crystallinity V _{cs can} also be calculated from the density of the yarn. The density of the yarn s can be determined as follows: Three pieces of the yarn are knotted and cut on each side of the knot, giving a sample length of 0.5 to 1 cm. The samples are then washed in petroleum ether to remove a possibly present preparation and are then placed in a Davenport column containing a mixture of n-heptane and carbon tetrachloride at a temperature of 23 ° C, the column being a virtual linear Density gradient with a range of 80 kg / m ³ over a height difference of at least 60 cm has. Level balls of a known density were evenly distributed over this area. The position of the level spheres and the samples are measured six hours after the samples are placed in the column. By adjusting the position of the level balls to a third degree polynomial, the density gradient is determined for each measurement. Using the adjusted density gradient, the density of the samples can be determined from the position of the samples in the column. The average density of the three samples represents the density of the product in the as-spun state.

V _cs can be determined using the following formula:

Vcs ⁼ (s ~ aV (c ~ a)> where _{a is} the density of the amorphous plastic and _{c is} the density of the crystalline plastic.

For polyethlene terephthalate yarns, a = 1335 kg / m ³ and c = 1529 kg / m ³ .

The crystallinity of the yarn in a preferred embodiment is between 20% and 40%.

The average degree of polymerization D _p can be calculated from the average molecular weight of the polymer and the molecular weight of the monomer, the average molecular weight of the polymer being determined by light scattering. In order to achieve a degree of polymerization of up to 7000 according to the present invention, the plastic contained in the plastic matrix should be a free radical polymerized plastic. Preferably, the degree of polymerization is in the range of 5,000 to 7,000.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the shrinkage of the yarn Pre-Pregs according to the invention is not only under determination with hot air shrinkage less than 12%, but also when determining the shrinkage with The SHA method (Shrinkage in Hot Air) is below 12%, although in the latter method, the Freischrumpf, ie without bias of the yarn after 15 min at 190 ⁰ C is determined.

The yarn Pre-Preg according to the invention preferably has a shrinkage, determined by Hot Air Shrinkage according to BISFA (International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers), Edition 1995, less than 8%. Particularly preferably, the yarn Pre-Preg according to the invention has a shrinkage of less than 4%. Such yarn pre-pregs can be processed extremely well to textile fabrics and subjected to a heat treatment without severe deformation of the textile fabric due to excessive shrinkage of the yarns used are to be feared.

Since the individual filaments of the yarn pre-preg invention are completely enveloped by plastic matrix and it does not come to air pockets between the filaments, the yarn Pre-Preg can also be designed to be translucent or quasi transparent.

The total denier of the yarn in the yarn Pre-Preg is advantageously between 100dtex and 10000dtex.

The complete covering of the individual filaments results in that the undesired penetration of water, the so-called wicking effect or "wicking", is very small. <br/> <br/> Preferably, the yarn Pre-Preg according to the invention is characterized in that the wick is less than 1 cm, in which case In addition, the yarn according to the invention preferably has pre-preg no-wick properties, ie, the wick is practically equal to zero.

Wicking is determined by hanging a sample of 20 cm in length into a potassium permanganate solution so that one end of the sample is immersed 1 cm deep in the potassium permanganate solution. After 10 minutes that will be Sample piece removed from the solution and the height determined until the potassium permanganate solution has penetrated into the specimen. The measurement is performed at a temperature of 20 ⁰ C +/- 2 ° C.

The yarn material used for the yarn Pre-Preg is preferably polyester. Polyethylene terephthalate is particularly preferably used as the yarn material. Polyethylene terephthalate is suitable for many applications. It is cheap in price and very well available. Polyethylene terephthalate is already used as reinforcing thread or fabric for coated fabrics. Moreover, with polyethylene terephthalate, the crystallinity required by the present invention can be easily adjusted.

The yarn Pre-Preg preferably contains a plastic matrix consisting essentially of polyvinyl chloride. Polyvinyl chloride is also very readily available, low in price and the required melt viscosity can be adjusted well.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a yarn Pre- Pregs consisting of a yarn and a plastic matrix, wherein the space between the individual filaments of the yarn is completely filled with plastic matrix and the individual filaments of the yarn are completely enveloped by the plastic matrix. The inventive method comprises the steps of contacting the yarn with a plastic matrix containing at least plasticizer, passing the yarn with adhering plastic matrix by an applicator and subsequent at least partial removal of the plasticizer by heating, characterized in that the viscosity of the plastic matrix in contacting with the yarn between 1000 mPas and 6000 mPas and that during the production of the yarn Pre-Preg the yarn is exposed to a tension of at most 600 cN. During the production of the yarn pre-preg, the yarn is preferably exposed to a tension of at most 300 cN. Of course, the inventive method for producing a yarn Pre-Pregs is also suitable for the production of the yarn Pre-Pregs of the type described above.

The determination of the viscosity of the plastic matrix is carried out according to Thermo Haake VT02.

In addition to plasticizers, the plastic matrix may also contain fillers, pigments, stabilizers and / or flame retardants. The plastic matrix is not present as a melt or aqueous emulsion. In these forms, the plastic matrix would be relatively low viscosity. The plastic matrix to be used for the process according to the invention is in the form of a paste. Paste is to be understood as meaning an intimate dispersion of the plastic in a plasticizer, it being possible for the fillers, pigments, stabilizers and / or flame retardants already mentioned to be present as additives. According to the method of the invention, a yarn can be embedded in a relatively high-viscosity plastic matrix and, nevertheless, all intermediate spaces between the individual filaments are filled. The viscosity of the plastic matrix is preferably between 1000 mPas and 4000 mPas. When the plastic matrix is brought into contact with the yarn, it is preferably present as polyvinyl chloride paste. The amount of plasticizer added to the plastic matrix in this case is about 30 g to 60 g of plasticizer per 100 g of polyvinyl chloride.

In the applicator, the yarns are first passed through a container containing the plastic matrix. After passing the yarn through the relatively high viscosity plastic matrix, the yarn exits the applicator through a conically or sigmoid tapered channel. Here not only excess plastic is stripped, but also, due to the taper of the channel, the plastic mixture pressed between the individual filaments of the yarn and so filled the spaces between the filaments of the yarn with plastic. For a yarn pre-preg with a total titer in the In the range from 1200 dtex to 2000dtex, an applicator with a maximum length of 1.7 mm and a cross section of 0.33 mm ² at the entrance of the yarn or a cross section of 0.17 mm ² at the exit of the yarn has proved to be particularly advantageous. Following the passage through the applicator, curing of the plastic matrix takes place. The optimum duration and temperature can be determined by the expert by simple routine tests. A polyvinyl chloride matrix is cured, for example, for a period of 1 to 5 seconds at a temperature of 210 ⁰ C, whereby the plasticizer partially migrated from the polyvinyl chloride matrix.

The yarn Pre-Preg preferably consists essentially of a polyethylene terephthalate yarn and a polyvinyl chloride plastic matrix.

The invention further comprises a textile fabric containing a yarn Pre-Preg according to the type described above, characterized in that the shrinkage of the textile fabric is less than 12% both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction. The shrinkage is to be determined by Hot Air Shrinkage according to BISFA (International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers) Edition 1995.

A coated fabric according to the invention can be produced on so-called rapier looms. However, in certain cases, abrasion may occur if no special measures are envisaged. Abrasion can be greatly reduced if the pre-preg yarn is previously treated with a finish or spin finish that reduces the friction between the yarn and the loom. Suitable lubricants which are known to the person skilled in the art are, for example, polyglycols or else fatty acid esters. In a preferred embodiment, the textile fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the shrinkage of the textile fabric is less than 8% both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction.

The textile fabrics according to the invention are particularly suitable for producing textile fabrics in which the plastic matrix is also present in the intermediate spaces between the yarn pre-pregs which form the textile fabric and forms a closed surface. Such textile fabrics can be obtained for example by thermal calendering. For a good distribution of the plastic matrix between the yarns, the plastic matrix should have a low melt viscosity. This makes it possible that the textile fabrics must be heated only briefly at temperatures of 150 ⁰ C to 250 ⁰ C and a pressure of at least 5 bar.

The textile fabrics according to the invention in which the plastic matrix forms a closed surface are preferably characterized by no-wick properties, i. virtually no water penetrates into the textile fabric according to the invention.

In principle, it is also possible to weave so-called open fabrics from the pre-preg yarns. Such fabrics are characterized by a "grid" (or lattice) like structure.

If the pre-preg yarns are dyed differently, interesting color effects in fabrics or lattices can be obtained in this way.

The invention further comprises a fabric embedded in a plastic matrix, the fabric consisting of yarns having the plastic matrix on or under the fabric and in the interstices between the yarns forming the fabric and the plastic matrix forms closed surface, characterized in that for the basis weight of the textile fabric FG _tF the following relationship applies:

FG ₁ F ≤ 75 g / m ^{2 *} yarn ratio + 55g / m ² that the yarn ratio is between 0 and 1, that for the basis weight of

Plastic matrix FGM following relationship applies:

FGM ≤ 2 ^* FG _tF and that the thickness of the textile fabric embedded in a

Plastic matrix between 50 microns and 500 microns.

The yarn ratio in the sense of the present invention describes the ratio of the number of yarns lying in a first direction in a textile fabric to the number of yarns of the same textile fabric lying in a second direction. Since it is irrelevant for the determination of the required basis weight of the textile fabric, whether the yarns in the first direction or the yarns in the second direction in greater numbers, with different numbers of yarns between the first and second direction, the first direction defined as this, the one having fewer yarns. As a result, the yarn ratio is always between 0 and 1, wherein a yarn ratio 0 means that the textile fabric contains only threads of one direction. A yarn ratio of 1 means that the number of yarns in a first direction and the number of yarns in a second direction is the same. A fabric with an equal number of warp and weft threads thus has the yarn ratio of 1.

Particularly when using coated textile fabrics as tarpaulins, the so-called tear propagation resistance plays an important role. Despite their thickness and high weight, damage to the material due to external influences in coated fabrics of the prior art results in the formation of very long cracks within a very short time, necessitating replacement of the entire material. It was surprisingly found that the tear propagation resistance of the textile fabric according to the invention to be determined according to DIN 53363 embedded in a plastic matrix in comparison to conventional produced textile fabrics with a plastic matrix can be up to two times higher.

Low weight and thickness combined with high tear propagation resistance are achieved by producing the textile fabric according to the invention, embedded in a plastic matrix, based on yarns embedded in a plastic matrix. The embedding of the yarns in a plastic matrix is not carried out using aqueous plastic emulsions or plastic melts, but by passing the yarn through a high-viscosity paste of the plastic to be applied, which may contain fillers, pigments, stabilizers and / or flame retardants in addition to a plasticizer. The viscosity of this paste should be between 1000 mPas and 6000 mPas. The passage of the yarn through the pasty plastic matrix is done in an applicator. In this applicator, the yarns are first passed through a container containing the pasty plastic matrix. After passing the yarn through the high viscosity pasty plastic matrix, the yarn exits the applicator through a conically or sigmoid tapered channel. Here, not only excess plastic is stripped, but also, due to the tapering of the channel, pressed the pasty plastic matrix between the individual filaments of the yarn and so filled the spaces between the filaments of the yarn with plastic. After a curing phase, the yarns thus obtained are processed into a fabric, mesh, scrim or juxtaposed unidirectional yarns. The term scrim is to be understood as meaning textile fabrics which contain yarns laid on one another in two or more directions.

By thermal calendering the textile fabric according to the invention embedded in a plastic matrix is obtained. Thermal calendering is a method known to a person skilled in the art and can be carried out, for example, in such a way that the fabric, mesh or scrim is passed between two rolls, the rolls exerting pressure on the textile fabric and at least one of the two rolls is heated, whereby the coating is distributed on, under and between the yarns of the textile fabric.

The textile fabric according to the invention, embedded in a matrix, not only has a very low weight with high tear propagation resistance, but also has so-called no-wick properties due to the special application of a high-viscosity plastic mixture and injection between the filaments of the yarn. no water penetrates into the textile fabric according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the textile fabric according to the invention consists of yarns embedded in a plastic matrix which are translucent or virtually transparent. The fabric whose plastic matrix forms a closed surface, then also has the properties of the yarn embedded in a plastic matrix, and is translucent or quasi transparent.

The fabric used for the textile fabric of the present invention embedded in a plastic matrix, in a preferred embodiment, has the yarn ratio 1, i. the fabric is a fabric or grid in which the number of yarns in the first direction corresponds to the number of yarns in the second direction.

In a further preferred embodiment, which finds application, for example, if dimensional stability is required only in one direction and thus enables a particularly low weight, the yarn ratio is 0, ie the textile fabric consists of unidirectional yarns; it only contains yarns of one direction. Preferably, the number of yarns per cm ^{2 is} between 10 and 200, regardless of whether it is a textile fabric consisting of unidirectional yarns or a fabric, scrim or grid.

The textile fabric according to the invention, embedded in a plastic matrix, preferably contains yarns which have a total denier of 100 to 10000 dtex with a number of filaments between 10 and 1000.

The yarns used are preferably yarns of thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyester or polyolefin, and blends or copolymers thereof. Especially preferred are yarns consisting essentially of polyethylene terephthalate. The plastic matrix preferably contains as the polymer component polyvinyl chloride.

The basis weight of the entire textile fabric embedded in the plastic matrix is preferably between 150 g / m ² and 390 g / m ² .

The textile sheet embedded in a plastic matrix according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in:

• Truck tarpaulins

• billboards (billboards for outdoor advertising)

• textile buildings

• building textiles, e.g. PVC roofing membranes

• Camping, party, exhibition or exhibition tents

• industrial doors

• water basin

• Warning, safety and protective clothing

• awnings, sunshade covers

• Jumphouses

• Airducts for tunnel ventilation

• screens

• light conveyor belts

The invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples:

Comparative Example 1

Unstretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns were obtained by melt-spinning PET chips of intrinsic viscosity (0.84) at a take-up speed of 670 m / min. The coils thus obtained were placed in a conventional manner on a creel of a steam drafting. The yarns were first stretched in a first stage over pins with a draw ratio of 3.76. The second stretching step took place in a steam-heated oven in the usual way. The total stretch ratio was 5.17. In a second steam-heated oven, the yarns were then subjected to a relaxation of 3% at a temperature of 208 ^° C. The titer the yarn obtained was 1106 dtex.

Example 1a

Unstretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns were obtained by melt-spinning PET chips of intrinsic viscosity (0.84) at a take-up speed of 670 m / min. Six of the coils thus obtained were placed on a creel of a steam drafting system. The yarns were first drawn in a first stage via pins with a draw ratio of 3.76. The second stretching step took place in a steam-heated oven in the usual way. The total stretch ratio was 5.17.

Before the second steam-heated oven, a PVC paste was applied to the yarns. This paste was obtained from a PVC powder which was dispersed in diisononyl phthalate (DINP). The shear viscosity of the paste was 2500 mPas. The six yarns ran parallel at a distance of 5.4 mm each. A multiple applicator was used, through which the yarns ran in a common trough. The yarns touched four consecutive yarn guides positioned within the applicator. The amount of PVC paste was metered by means of a metering pump. The yarn tension before the application was 21O cN.

Next, the yarns were subjected to relaxation of 3% in a steam-heated oven at a temperature of 208 ^° C. At the same time, the applied paste was solidified under the action of heat. The residence time in the oven was 1.8 sec. The yarn tension after the oven was 305 cN. The denier of the obtained yarns was 2236 dtex.

The thus obtained yarn pre-pregs were drawn at a speed of 1000 m / min by a usual yarn brake of a weaving machine. The thread brake consisted of two flexible stainless steel plates. The thread tension was 300 cN. After a running time of two minutes was below the Thread brake and on the plates of the brake a PVC abrasion clearly visible.

Example 1b

A yarn-Pre-Preg was prepared in the same way as described in Example 1a with the difference that this time before feeding into the yarn brake on the pre-preg 0.2 wt .-% of a lubricant was applied with a composition such it is shown in Table 2.

The thus obtained yarn pre-pregs were drawn at a speed of 1000 m / min by a usual yarn brake of a weaving machine. The thread brake consisted of two flexible stainless steel plates. The thread tension was 300 cN. After a running time of two minutes, a significantly lower PVC abrasion was observed.

Comparative Example 2

Unstretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns were obtained by melt-spinning PET chips of intrinsic viscosity (0.84) at a take-up speed of 670 m / min. The coils thus obtained were placed in a conventional manner on a creel of a steam drafting. The yarns were first stretched in a first stage over pins with a draw ratio of 3.76. The second stage of stretching took place in a steam-heated oven in the usual way. The total stretch ratio was 5.17. In a second steam-heated oven, the yarns were then subjected to a relaxation of 4.5% at a temperature of 210 ° C. The titer of the yarns obtained was 1136 dtex. Example 3

Unstretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns were obtained by melt-spinning PET chips of intrinsic viscosity (0.84) at a take-up speed of 670 m / min. Six of the coils thus obtained were placed on a creel of a steam drafting system. The yarns were first stretched in a first stage over pins with a draw ratio of 3.76. The second stretching step took place in a steam-heated oven in the usual way. The total stretch ratio was 5.17.

Before the second steam-heated oven, a PVC paste was applied to the yarns. This paste was obtained from a PVC powder which was dispersed in diisononyl phthalate (DINP). The shear viscosity of the paste was 1300 mPas. The six yarns ran parallel at a distance of 5.4 mm each. A multiple applicator was used, through which the yarns ran in a common trough. The yarn paths were separated by ceramic yarn guides. The yarns touched several consecutive yarn guides positioned within the applicator in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of PVC paste was metered by a metering pump. The thread tension before the application was 75 cN.

Next, the yarns in a steam-heated oven at a temperature of 210 ⁰ C, a relaxation of 4.5% was subjected. At the same time, the applied paste was solidified under the action of heat. The residence time in the oven was 3.6 seconds. The thread tension after the oven was 175 cN. The denier of the yarns obtained was 2200 dtex.

The water uptake was determined in a so-called wicking test. The wicking is measured by hanging a pre-preg yarn in a water bath, which is mixed with 0.05% rhodamine, over 6 h. The immersion depth was 20 mm and the wetted yarn length was between 0 and 5 mm. Example 4

Unstretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns were obtained by melt-spinning PET chips of intrinsic viscosity (0.84) at a take-up speed of 670 m / min. One of the coils thus obtained was placed on a creel of a steam drafting system. The yarns were first stretched in a first stage over pins with a draw ratio of 3.76. The second stage of stretching took place in a steam-heated oven in the usual way. The total stretch ratio was 5.17.

Before the second steam-heated oven, a PVC paste was applied to the yarns. This paste was obtained from a PVC powder which was dispersed in diisononyl phthalate (DINP). The shear viscosity of the paste was 1300 mPas. A single applicator was used in which the yarn contacted seven consecutive ceramic yarn guides to evenly distribute the PVC paste around and between the filaments. The amount of PVC paste was metered by means of a metering pump. The thread tension before application was less than 20 cN.

Next, the yarns were subjected to a relaxation of 4.5% in a steam-heated oven at a temperature of 210 ° C. At the same time, the applied paste was solidified under the action of heat. The residence time in the oven was 3.6 sec. The yarn tension after the oven was 250 cN. The denier of the yarns obtained was 2200 dtex.

The water uptake was determined in a so-called wicking test. The wicking is measured by hanging a pre-preg yarn in a water bath, which is mixed with 0.05% rhodamine, over 6 h. The immersion depth was 20 mm and the wetted yarn length was negligible (no wicking effect).

The resulting pre-preg yarns were woven on a Dornier rapier loom into a single fabric (8/8 L1 // 1). The fabric was calendered at 190 ^° C. with a residence time in the calender of 20 seconds. The calendered product was uniform and had no holes. The calendered product also showed no wicking effect.

Table 1: PVC pastes composition

Table 2: Composition of the lubricant in Examples 1 b and 4

Table 3: Mechanical yarn data

Explanations:

The measurements of breaking force, tensile strength and elongation at break are carried out in accordance with ASTM 885 and are otherwise known to the person skilled in the art

SHA: (Shrinkage Hot Air) is the so-called Freischrumpf or hot air shrink. The length of a raw thread is defined (usually 1 m). The thread is wound together and then placed in an oven at 19O ⁰ C for 15 min. After cooling, the length of the thread is measured again. The change in length is the SHA in%

HAS: (Hot Air Shrinkage) is shrinkage measurement with bias. That is, the thread is placed in a frame and fixed on one side (clamped). The other end of the thread is also clamped, but in a measuring device that measures the path and the force when shrinking. At the end of the thread, which is clamped in the measuring device, a weight (at low shrinking yarns 1 mN / tex, for medium to high shrinkage yarns 5mN / tex) attached. It is measured at 180 ^° C. for 2 minutes. The shrinkage (change in length), which is determined after 2 minutes, is the HAS in%.

Claims

Yarn embedded in a plastic matrix and textile fabric embedded in a plastic matrix Patent claims:

1. yarn Pre-Preg comprising a yarn embedded in a plastic matrix, wherein the individual filaments of the yarn are completely covered by the plastic matrix, characterized in that the crystallinity of the yarn is between 5% and 50%, that the average degree of polymerisation D _{p of} the plastic in the plastic matrix is less than or equal to 7000 and that the shrinkage of the yarn pre-preg determined by Hot Air Shrinkage according to BISFA (International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers), Edition 1995, is less than 12%.

2. yarn Pre-Preg according to claim 1, characterized in that the shrinkage is less than 8%.

3. Yarn Pre-Preg according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the total denier of the yarn in the yarn Pre-Preg is between 100 dtex and 10000 dtex.

4. yarn Pre-Preg according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wick is less than 1 cm.

5. yarn Pre-Preg according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Wicking is virtually equal to zero.

6. yarn Pre-Preg according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the yarn material is polyester.

7. Yarn Pre-Preg according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the yarn material is polyethylene terephthalate.

8. yarn Pre-Preg according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plastic matrix consists essentially of polyvinyl chloride.

9. A method of making a yarn pre-preg consisting of a yarn and a plastic matrix, wherein the space between the individual filaments of the yarn is completely filled with plastic matrix and the individual filaments of the yarn are completely enveloped by the plastic matrix, comprising the steps of contacting the yarn with characterized in that the viscosity of the plastic matrix in contacting with the yarn is between 1000 mPas and 6000 mPas, and that the viscosity of the plastic matrix is at least partially removed by heating During the production of the yarn Pre-Pregs yarn is subjected to a tension of at most 600 cN.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the yarn during the manufacture of the yarn Pre-Pregs a tension of at most 300 cN is exposed.

11.A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the viscosity of the plastic matrix is between 1000 mPas and 4000 mPas.

12. The method according to one or more of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the pre-preg consists essentially of a Polyetylenenterephthalatgam and a polyvinyl chloride plastic matrix.

13.Textiles fabric containing a yarn Pre-Preg according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shrinkage of the textile fabric, determined by means of the Hot Air Shrinkage according to BISFA (International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers) Edition 1995, both longitudinal and transverse, is less than 12%.

14.Textiles sheet according to claim 13, characterized in that the shrinkage of the textile fabric in both the longitudinal and in the transverse direction is less than 8%.

15. Textile fabric according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the plastic matrix is also present in the spaces between the yarn Pre-Pregs, which form the textile fabric, and the plastic matrix forms a closed surface.

16. Textile fabric according to claim 15, characterized in that the textile fabric has no wick properties.

17. Textile fabric embedded in a plastic matrix, wherein the fabric consists of yarns, the plastic matrix on or below the fabric and in the spaces between the yarns forming the fabric, is present, and the plastic matrix forms a closed surface , characterized in that the basis weight of the textile fabric FG _{tF is the} following relationship:

FGtF ≤ 75 g / m ^{2 *} yarn ratio + 55g / m ² that the yarn ratio is between 0 and 1, with the yarn ratio the ratio of the number of first-direction yarns in a fabric to the number of second-direction yarns of the same fabric, and where the first and second yarns are different in number of yarns defines the first direction as the lower number on yarns, the following applies to the basis weight of the plastic matrix FG _M :

and that the thickness of the fabric embedded in a

Plastic matrix between 50 microns and 500 microns.

18.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to claim 17, characterized in that the textile fabric is a fabric, scrim or grid or consists of juxtaposed unidirectional yarns.

19.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the yarn ratio is 1.

2O.Textiles fabric, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the yarn ratio is 0.

21.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix according to one or more of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the number of yarns per cm ^{2 is} between 10 and 500.

22.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix according to one or more of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the yarns have a total titer of 100 dtex to 10000dtex

23.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to one or more of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the yarns are yarns of thermoplastic polymers, such as polyamide, polyester or polyolefin and blends or copolymers thereof.

24.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to one or more of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the yarns are yarns of substantially polyethylene terephthalate.

25.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to one or more of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the coating consists of a polymer selected from the group consisting of silicone, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyvinyl compounds and copolymers and blends.

26.Textiles sheet, embedded in a plastic matrix, according to one or more of claims 16 to 25 characterized in that the coating consists essentially of polyvinyl chloride.