EP1725466B1 - Element d'emballage en forme de sac a plusieurs parois - Google Patents
Element d'emballage en forme de sac a plusieurs parois Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1725466B1 EP1725466B1 EP05715923A EP05715923A EP1725466B1 EP 1725466 B1 EP1725466 B1 EP 1725466B1 EP 05715923 A EP05715923 A EP 05715923A EP 05715923 A EP05715923 A EP 05715923A EP 1725466 B1 EP1725466 B1 EP 1725466B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- packaging medium
- medium according
- air
- packaging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/04—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with multiple walls
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-walled, bag-shaped packaging means for particulate materials, in particular powdery materials.
- Powdered materials for example polymer powders
- valve sacks are marketed packaged in so-called valve sacks.
- the filling takes place via filling machines, which run at high throughput and fill the powder with a lot of air in the fluidized state in the bag.
- the air must escape as quickly as possible from the bag.
- Paper bags made of kraft paper have been used in the past as packaging material because the air can escape through the paper while the powdered filling material is retained. But paper sacks have the disadvantage that they retain splash water and moisture insufficient and are sensitive to mechanical stress.
- multi-walled valve bags which consist inside of a paper bag, which is outside surrounded by a bag made of plastic film, usually polyethylene film.
- plastic film usually polyethylene film.
- the plastic film enveloping the paper bag is perforated at least over a partial area of the surface.
- the US Pat. No. 5,493,844 describes a packaging means in which an inner layer of the casing is perforated and overlapped by an outer layer in the perforated region. Over the entire length of the overlap area, a longitudinal seam is opened to ensure fast ventilation during filling. After filling, this longitudinal seam is closed by a heat-sealing process.
- Suitable air-permeable materials for the inner layer 9 are paper, woven materials or nonwovens made of synthetic fibers or natural fibers. Preference is given to paper, for example conventional Kraft papers having a basis weight of 30 to 120 g / m 2 , preferably 60 to 90 g / m 2 .
- For the airtight Outer walls 10 are the usual in the packaging sector plastic films, preferably polyolefin films, such as polyethylene or polypropylene films, and PVC films. The film thickness is generally 20 to 200 microns.
- the packaging means 1 has a cuboid shape in the filled state.
- the length is preferably between 30 to 120 cm, particularly preferably 60 to 100 cm.
- the width is preferably 20 to 80 cm, preferably 40 to 60 cm.
- the width of the side parts is preferably between 5 and 30 cm, particularly preferably 10 to 20 cm.
- the opening (filling (valve) opening) 8 at the upper end of the packaging means 1 preferably has a round or square cross-section and is dimensioned so that the bag 1 can be filled via a filler neck. In general, diameters of 5 to 20 cm are sufficient.
- the inside of the opening 8 is generally coated with a plastic material, preferably hotmelt and / or thermoplastic (for example polyethylene). This allows the welding of the opening by means of ultrasound or heat.
- the inner, air-permeable material 9 is connected to the outer, air-impermeable material 10 by gluing.
- a paper inner layer 9 is adhered to an outer plastic film 10 only at the upper end 6 and the bottom 7.
- the procedure is such that the individual layers of the sack are moved away from the roll into the production line and brought together. It is formed an endless tube and this cut to length. Then the ends are folded, the valve opening inserted and glued. Finally, a cover sheet is glued to both ends of the bag.
- the outer material 10 overlaps either on the front 3 or on the back 2 or on both sides over a portion 11 of up to 50% of the total area of the front or back side 2,3.
- the outer wall 10 overlaps only on one of the two sides, particularly preferably only on the back 2, which is the side on which the bag rests in general.
- the plastic film overlaps over the entire length.
- the overlapping area 11 is preferably 10 to 50% of the total area of the respective side.
- the inner layer 10a of the plastic film is perforated.
- the perforation density is generally 0.5 to 5 holes per cm 2 .
- the perforation can by means of Needling be applied over the entire overlap area 11 or a portion. 10 to 50% of the area of the overlapping area 11 are provided with the perforation. Preferably, it is perforated over the entire length of the overlapping area.
- a distance of 0.5 to 10 cm is maintained, the distance to the edge 12 of the overlap region, which is open, preferably 2 to 10 cm.
- the hole size, perforation density and the perforated area depends essentially on how high the air passage must be at the time of filling. Depending on the requirements, these sizes can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art within the limits specified above.
- connection is interrupted at one or both edges, preferably only at one edge.
- the connection is interrupted in a region 16 which comprises 10 to 50% of the total length.
- the interruption is in the upper half, more preferably in the upper third of the packaging means 1, as the residual air sits up during the filling process.
- the packaging material is suitable for the transport and storage of particulate materials, such as granules, fibers or fine or coarse-particle powders. Particularly suitable is the packaging material for moisture-sensitive filling goods.
- polymer powders in particular water-redispersible polymer powders (dispersion powders), or finely divided silicic acid, cement, gypsum, cementitious or gypsum-containing dry mixes such as dry mortar, flour, animal feed, water-soluble, pulverulent substances such as cement liquefiers, thickeners.
- the bag can be labeled, printed or labeled in the usual way.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of bag 1 in the empty state, which has a first broad side 2 (back) and a second broad side 3 (front), a first narrow side surface 4 and a second narrow side surface 5.
- a filling opening 8 for receiving a filling tube, not shown here for filling the bag 1 is provided.
- the bag 1 has an air-permeable inner wall 9, which is surrounded by an air-impermeable outer wall 10.
- the outer wall 10 is designed to overlap in a portion 11 of, for example, the first broad side 2, wherein the edges 12 and 13 of the overlap with the outer wall 10 by means of seams 14 and 15, for example, welds, are connected airtight.
- the seam 14 is preferably interrupted in the upper third in a region 16, whereby an air outlet opening 17 is formed.
- the inner outer wall portion 10 a of the overlapping portion 11 is provided near the seam 15 with a perforation 18, which the passage of air from the interior of the bag 1 in the channel 19, formed by the superimposed outer wall portions 10a and 10b and the seams 14 and 15 of the overlap, via the air outlet opening 17 allowed outdoors.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Moyen d'emballage (1) en forme de sac, en plusieurs couches, configuré de telle sorte qu'il présente un large côté avant (3) et un large côté arrière (2) qui sont reliés à d'étroites surfaces latérales (4) et (5), et fermé à son extrémité supérieure (6) et à son extrémité inférieure (7), une ouverture (8) de remplissage étant maintenue à l'extrémité supérieure (6) et le moyen d'emballage présentant une paroi intérieure (9) en matériau perméable à l'air et entourée par une paroi extérieure (10) en un matériau imperméable à l'air, caractérisé en ce quea) sur le côté avant (3) et/ou sur le côté arrière (2), la paroi extérieure (10) se superpose sur une partie (11) qui représente jusque 50 % de la surface totale,b) dans la zone de superposition (11), la couche intérieure (10a) de la paroi extérieure (10) est perforée,c) sur les bords (12) et (13) de la zone de superposition (11), les deux couches superposées (10a) et (10b) sont reliées l'une à l'autre par des coutures (14) et (15) etd) sur un des bords (12) et (13) ou les deux bords, la liaison est interrompue dans une zone continue (16) qui représente de 10 à 50 % de la longueur totale,e) de 10 à 50 % de la surface de la zone de superposition (11) sont dotés de la perforation etf) une distance de 0,5 à 10 cm est maintenue par rapport aux bords (12) et (13) de la zone de superposition (11).
- Moyen d'emballage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi extérieure (10) n'est superposée que sur le côté arrière (2).
- Moyen d'emballage selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la paroi extérieure (10) se superpose sur toute sa longueur.
- Moyen d'emballage selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'interruption (16) est disposée dans la moitié supérieure du moyen d'emballage (1).
- Moyen d'emballage selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la paroi intérieure (9) est constituée de papier ou encore de matériaux tissés ou de feutre de fibres synthétiques ou de fibres naturelles.
- Moyen d'emballage selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que pour les parois extérieures (10) imperméables à l'air, on utilise des films en matière synthétique.
- Utilisation des moyens d'emballage selon les revendications 1 à 6 pour le transport et l'entreposage de matériaux en particules, par exemple des granulés, des fibres ou des poudres fines ou grossières.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 7 pour des produits de remplissage sensibles à l'humidité, sélectionnés dans l'ensemble constitué des poudres de polymère, des poudres de polymère redispersibles dans l'eau, de l'acide silicique fortement dispersé, du ciment, du plâtre, des mélanges secs qui contiennent du ciment ou du plâtre, par exemple les mortiers secs, de la farine, des aliments pour bétail, des substances poudreuses solubles dans l'eau telles que les fluidifiants pour ciment et les agents épaississants.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004013469A DE102004013469A1 (de) | 2004-03-18 | 2004-03-18 | Mehrwandiges, sackförmiges Verpackungsmittel |
PCT/EP2005/002545 WO2005092724A1 (fr) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-10 | Element d'emballage en forme de sac a plusieurs parois |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1725466A1 EP1725466A1 (fr) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1725466B1 true EP1725466B1 (fr) | 2007-10-10 |
Family
ID=34962879
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05715923A Not-in-force EP1725466B1 (fr) | 2004-03-18 | 2005-03-10 | Element d'emballage en forme de sac a plusieurs parois |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070181459A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1725466B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2007535447A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1934005B (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE375307T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE102004013469A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2293542T3 (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI303615B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005092724A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK1607339T3 (da) | 2004-05-27 | 2008-07-21 | Rkw Ag | Kunststofsæk med overtryksudluftning |
WO2008058079A2 (fr) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-15 | Marko I.R.D.C. | Sac en plastique avec structure optimisée d'évacuation d'air |
DE202006019054U1 (de) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-04-30 | Bischof + Klein Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verpackungsbehältnis in Beutel- oder Sackform |
DE102007063783B3 (de) * | 2007-04-18 | 2013-06-27 | Abts- Advanced Bag Technology & Service Gmbh | Zementsack mit speziellem Laminat |
DE102007018579B4 (de) | 2007-04-18 | 2012-03-15 | Abts- Advanced Bag Technology & Service Gmbh | Zementsack und Herstellverfahren |
DE102007063784B3 (de) * | 2007-04-18 | 2013-06-27 | Abts- Advanced Bag Technology & Service Gmbh | Zementsack mit Öffnungen |
EP2088088B1 (fr) * | 2008-02-06 | 2012-10-31 | Bischof+Klein GmbH & Co. KG | Récipient d'emballage sous forme de sachet ou sac |
DE102009032756A1 (de) * | 2009-07-11 | 2011-01-13 | Nordfolien Gmbh | Verpackungsbehälter mit Tragehilfe |
DE102009036556A1 (de) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-17 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Sacks oder eines Beutels mit Vliesmaterial sowie Sack oder Beutel, welcher Vliesmaterial umfasst |
HUP0900669A2 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2010-07-28 | Zoltan Mandzsu | Plastic packing bag with overpressure relief, packing method and system |
BRPI1003492A2 (pt) * | 2010-09-23 | 2013-01-01 | Itap Bemis Ltda | disposição em válvula de embalagem flexìvel, embalagem flexìvel e filme flexìvel de laminado de plástico contendo a válvula e métodos aperfeiçoados de fabricação de filme flexìvel de laminado de plástico contendo a válvula e de conformação e enchimento da embalagem flexìvel contendo a válvula |
DE202011106386U1 (de) | 2011-10-06 | 2011-11-18 | Nordfolien Gmbh | Entlüftbarer Verpackungsbehälter |
DE102011114969A1 (de) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Nordfolien Gmbh | Verpackungsbehälter mit Entlüftungskanal |
AT512806B1 (de) * | 2012-04-23 | 2014-01-15 | Bsw Machinery Handels Gmbh | Gewebe für die Herstellung von Säcken |
DE202013004058U1 (de) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-08-01 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Papiersack |
DE202014000194U1 (de) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-04-14 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Papiersack |
NO2768978T3 (fr) * | 2014-02-20 | 2018-04-21 | ||
ES2582611B1 (es) * | 2015-03-13 | 2017-06-07 | Industrias Bolcar, S.A. | Saco multicapa con salida de presión |
WO2016166777A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | Fiorini Packaging S.P.A. | Sac résistant à l'eau |
US10633285B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2020-04-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Additive pack |
BR202018011387Y1 (pt) | 2018-06-05 | 2024-02-27 | Klabin S.A. | Disposição construtiva em saco de papel |
BR202018011357U2 (pt) | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-24 | Klabin S A | disposição construtiva em saco de papel |
WO2020153910A1 (fr) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-30 | Suphantarida Nuttawat | Sac perforé destiné à des matériaux de construction |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1486733A1 (de) * | 1965-09-25 | 1969-06-04 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Kunststoff-Ventilsack |
GB1401713A (en) * | 1973-01-17 | 1975-07-30 | British Visqueen Ltd | Plastics sack |
US4264007A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1981-04-28 | General Foods Corporation | Container having separate storage facilities for two materials |
DE8314629U1 (de) * | 1983-05-18 | 1983-10-27 | Bischof Und Klein Gmbh & Co, 4540 Lengerich | Flexibles Verpackungsbehaeltnis in Sack- oder Beutelform |
NZ209507A (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1986-07-11 | Canadian Ind | Thermoplastic valve bag:perforated outer wall with mesh inner liner |
US4596696A (en) * | 1983-11-15 | 1986-06-24 | Sybron Corporation | Disposable sterilizer mechanical air removal test pack |
JPS60146042U (ja) * | 1984-03-07 | 1985-09-27 | 千代田紙業株式会社 | 多層紙袋 |
DE4303894C2 (de) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-05-09 | Haver & Boecker | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit einem Schüttgut füllbaren, im Leerzustand flachen Packmittel |
US5460269A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1995-10-24 | Schonbek Worldwide Lighting Inc. | Skin packaging |
DE19538146A1 (de) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-04-17 | Rovema Gmbh | Beutel mit mindestens einer Entlüftungsstelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Beutels |
DE19711108C1 (de) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-24 | Reemtsma H F & Ph | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Steuerbanderole auf eine Zigarettenpackung |
JP3215658B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-10 | 2001-10-09 | 大倉工業株式会社 | 粒状体収納用袋 |
US6132780A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-10-17 | General Mills, Inc. | Container for storing fine particles |
JP3066886U (ja) * | 1999-08-25 | 2000-03-07 | ベストプロダクツ株式会社 | 収納袋 |
JP3902494B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-19 | 2007-04-04 | 博之 山田 | 脱気構造を有する袋体及びその製造方法 |
DE60302084T2 (de) * | 2002-03-13 | 2006-06-01 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc. | Sauerstoffabsorbierendes Etikett |
US8104959B2 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2012-01-31 | Cargill, Incorporated | Multi-handled sealed bag |
US7726880B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2010-06-01 | The Glad Products Company | Flexible storage bag |
-
2004
- 2004-03-18 DE DE102004013469A patent/DE102004013469A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-03-10 ES ES05715923T patent/ES2293542T3/es active Active
- 2005-03-10 JP JP2007502293A patent/JP2007535447A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-10 US US10/598,848 patent/US20070181459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-10 CN CN2005800085367A patent/CN1934005B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-10 AT AT05715923T patent/ATE375307T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-10 DE DE502005001681T patent/DE502005001681D1/de active Active
- 2005-03-10 WO PCT/EP2005/002545 patent/WO2005092724A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-10 EP EP05715923A patent/EP1725466B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-03-16 TW TW094107959A patent/TWI303615B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200531893A (en) | 2005-10-01 |
JP2007535447A (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
US20070181459A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
TWI303615B (en) | 2008-12-01 |
ATE375307T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
DE502005001681D1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
DE102004013469A1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1725466A1 (fr) | 2006-11-29 |
WO2005092724A1 (fr) | 2005-10-06 |
ES2293542T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
CN1934005A (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
CN1934005B (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
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